. Concrete News
The purpose of the Chapter is to help in furthering the chartered objectives of the American
Concrete Institute. The American Concrete Institute (ACI), is a nonprofit international
organization that promotes improved technology, technical competence, design, and
construction aspects related of concrete for the benefit of society.
ACI-Kuwait Chapter was established essentially to promote education, standards of technical practice,
scientific investigation and research in concrete technology. The Chapter also aims to channel efforts of
its members towards a non-profit public service in collecting, correlating and disseminating information for
the improvement of design, construction, manufacturing, utilisation and maintenance of concrete products
and structures.
A forum for members to interact with colleagues and ACI Kuwait Chapter
P.0. Box 12608 Shamiah 71657 Kuwait
identifying potential sources for cooperation in addressing
TeI: (965) 2449071, 2448975- Ext. 312, Fax: 2428148,
specific technical problems. E-mail:info@acikuwait.com
. Table of Contents
4 President’s Message
5 Technical Activities
6 Students’ Committee
13 Interview
15 Social Activities
20 ACI-KC News
21 Sponsors
It gives us immense pleasure to release this second issue Our Students’ Committee is already active, and that they
of our News Letter this year. A year that was full of action have conducted several events since their formation just six
and progress, as well as several activities which included site months back. It is my hope that in the coming years students
visits, technical seminars and the annual dinner. Also, the will be given more exposure and opportunity to work closely
Students’ Committee started their activities. The online web with us and the global ACI fraternity. I am sure that interacting
seminar (Webinar) was introduced this year for the first time. with practicing engineers and researchers, through us, will
Through the Webinars, members from Kuwait can remotely greatly benefit students.
join and access the technical seminars conducted by ACI
This issue of News Letter covers details of recent events
international representatives from USA and Europe. We are
organized in the last six months. Additionally, two technical
sure that Webinars will keep us connected with the global
articles have also been included.
team and be beneficial to us all. Some of our colleagues have
already participated in three such technical presentations, It is expected that this issue will be in your hand before the ACI
and we are hopeful that more will use this facility in the Kuwait Chapter Annual Awards Ceremony. We encourage
coming weeks. We strongly encourage you to benefit from you all to attend and hope to see you then.
this opportunity.
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. Technical Activities
ACI-KC regularly conducts technical
seminars to introduce members and
interested professionals to modern trends
in engineering and practice
n Cementaid Seminar
On 17th December, 2013 many ACI-KC members attended
a technical seminar entitled ‘Caltite: A Waterproofing and
Corrosion Inhibitor Admixture’. The seminar, held at the
Holiday Inn Hotel in Salmiya, was sponsored by Cementaid
UK Limited. Cementaid UK was founded in 1954, and
specializes in the manufacture of advanced admixtures for
concrete.
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. ACI-Kuwait Chapter
6
. ACI-Kuwait Chapter
n Students’ Committee
The ACI-KC Students Committee activities, which are The ACI students committee participated in the open day
listed on Instagram (Aciq8), include competitions and video activities under the theme of “Wild West” which attracted a
contributions by some Kuwait University faculty members. large crowd.
Also, over the past few weeks students have organized
Seminar entitled “Small Businesses” where two speakers,
various activities, as illustrated in these pages.
Mohamed Al Seriae and Bader Al Tahous, shared their
Field trip to Sulaibiya Sewage Treatment Plant
experience in this field.
Seminar entitled “Book Story” written by two best seller The students will distribute helmets to members. This event
authors Abdulwahab Al Saied and Tasneed Al Mathkour is sponsored by the Commercial bank.
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. Concrete Technology
Hollow Core Slabs
8
Hollow core slabs are produced in well-equipped plants seismic areas and bearing structures, whether these are
using advanced technologies that require little labour. They cast in situ, precast or steel bearing.
are produced mainly on steel casting beds, and made with
In Kuwait there is common concern that openings for
either slip form equipment or by extrusion. The concrete
services cannot be drilled in such slabs. This is not correct.
mix has a low water cement ratio and high strength
Small cut-outs in slab ends do not create any special
characteristics, of min 45 Mpa. Prestressing tendons
problems so long as they do not exceed 40 cm in length or
possess certified strengths.
width. When large cut-outs are required, it is almost always
Installed floors are quite rigid and show very slight elastic necessary to reinforce the slab with normal reinforcement
deformation under loads applied during inspection and load embedded in the concrete while still fresh, or in the topping
tests . It is thus possible to install thinner slabs for the same before casting.
span and loads, compared to floors that are similar but not
There is a substantial reduction in construction times, giving
entirely prefabricated or prestressed.
large savings in equipment and labour. The manufacture
Steel casting beds ensure perfect flatness, smoothness and of hollow core slabs, however, requires a large capital
well-shaped edge lines, providing an excellent aesthetic investment and qualified personnel, as the process is
effect, that can even be effective as an exposed form characterized by a high technological content.
concrete ceiling.
Production line
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The slipform procedure with slide mould machines in
which concrete is directed into mobile sectors and vibrated
by batteries of vibrators at different frequencies.
The extruder procedure with the use of extruding
equipment in which the concrete is forced by special screw-
feeders to compact in a single stage to produce the finished
slab section.
n Concrete Topping
Hollow core floors usually do not require topping, but this is
necessary to provide a load bearing capacity greater than
that allowable for a floor without topping, or when discrete
or continuous transverse reinforcement is required. Topping
does improve the overall rigidity of the floor and notably Casting Machine Extruder
increases the transversal distribution of concentrated loads.
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. Technical Article
Allowable Concrete Cover Tolerance?
Dr Jafarali Parol, Assistant Research Scientist, KISR
Aziz Mamuji, Director, Gulf Consult
n Overview n Question:
Design engineers often lack the practical field experience When inspecting bar placements, I’ve been confronted by
necessary to provide construction documents that reflect job- contractors that argue that bars can be placed as far as 1 to 2
site requirements. Designers, reinforcing steel detailers and in. (25 to 51 mm) beyond the specified cover. In other words,
software programmers often fail to factor the impact of design they say that the tolerance on cover only limits the minimum
tolerances into their work. Detailing and installation conflicts distance from the bar to the surface of the concrete. I argue
are a common cause of error, and these often go unnoticed. that a cover tolerance of 38/ in (10 mm) means the bar is
Concrete cover tolerance for reinforcing bars and its required to be no more than 38/ in. (10 mm) closer or further
execution as per specification, are important issues and from the surface than the specified cover. Is that correct?
need extra care. Notably, concrete cover for reinforcing bars
affects several factors such as member flexural capacity,
n Answer:
resistance to corrosion and many other parameters. While Placing bars 1 to 2 in. (25 to 51 mm) beyond the specified
more concrete cover is better for corrosion resistance, it cover is not acceptable, as flexural and shear capacities
is not economical design in terms of flexural resistance. of a member may be significantly degraded. ACI 117101-
Accordingly, as far as the designer is concerned, the addresses this by providing tolerances on bar placement.
cover value should be arrived at optimizing several such While the tolerance on cover limits only the minimum distance
parameters. But as far as the construction engineer is from the bar to the surface of the concrete, the tolerance on
concerned, the reinforcing bar should be fabricated within placement of non-prestressed reinforcement limits both the
the specified cover tolerance limit. A discussion on cover minimum and maximum distances.
tolerance was recently published in Concrete News by the
ACI Committee. This discussion, which was published in a Tolerances on cover are included in Section 2.2.2
question and answer format, is reproduced below. of ACI 11710 as shown below.
Concrete cover specification relative to the bar surface (Fig R2.2.2 in ACI 117101-)
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38/ in. (10 mm) for members that are up to and including and a structural detail shows that the top layer of bars is to be
12 in. (305 mm) thick; and centered 92/1- in. (241 mm) from the bottom of the slab.
l 12/ in (13 mm) for thicker members.
Based on the specified cover and the cover tolerance of -38/
The referenced Section also provides a restriction that
in. (10 mm), the minimum top cover is 18/5- in. (41 mm), so
applies to members with small specified covers. Reduction in
the distance from the bottom of the form to the top of the bar
cover shall not exceed 13/ the specified concrete cover. For
shouldn’t exceed 108/3- in. (264 mm). Based on the structural
example, if the specified cover is 34/ in (19 mm) for an 8 in.
detail and the bar placement tolerance of ±38/ in. (10 mm),
(200 mm) thick slab, the tolerance is -14/ in. (6 mm) rather
the distance from the bottom of the form to the center of the
than -38/ in. (10 mm).
bar can range from 98/1- to 98/7- in. (232 to 250 mm), and
The tolerances for placement are provided in Section 2.2.1 of
the distance from the bottom of the form to the top of the bar
ACI 11710-. As with cover tolerances, placement tolerances
can range from 98/5- to 108/3- in. (244 to 264 mm), inclusive.
are functions of the member depth or thickness:
l ± ¼ in. (6 mm) for members that are up to and including 4 Considering both tolerances, the minimum top cover is
in. (102 mm) thick; 18/5- in. (40 mm), but the maximum top cover based on
l ± 38/ in. (10 mm) for thicker members that are up to and reinforcement placement is 28/3- in. (60 mm). However,
including 12 in. (305 mm) thick; and note that the final top cover is controlled by more than bar
l ± ½ in. (13 mm) for thicker members. placement – it will also be affected by formwork construction
and finishing operations. And, as Section 1.2.3 of ACI 11710-
The figures on the previous page and below illustrate
states: “Tolerances are not cumulative. The most restrictive
concrete cover tolerances and reinforcement placement
tolerance controls.” So the contractor is justified in placing
tolerances, respectively, for various concrete applications.
the bars beyond the specified cover, but within the envelope
Note that cover is measured relative to the surface of the
allowed by the placement tolerance.
bar. Taking measurements relative to an unformed concrete
surface isn’t possible, but the bar location can be established n References
relative to the bottom form surface and the top cover 1. ACI Committee 117, “Specifications for Tolerances for
calculated based on the scheduled member depth, less Concrete Construction and Materials
the overall bar diameter (see Table 1 for approximate bar (ACI 11710-) and Commentary”, American Concrete Institute,
diameter). Farmington Hills, MI, 2010, 76 pp.
As for your question, let’s assume you are inspecting 2. Committee on Manual of Standard Practice, Manual of
a 12 in. (305 mm) slab with No. 7 top bars. The specification Standard Practice, 27th edition, Concrete Reinforcing Steel
and structural general notes call for a 2 in. (51 mm) top cover, Institute, Schaumburg, IL, 2001, p.62.
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. Interview
Mr. Adel Mohamed Abdel Tawab is the Head of Structural As a child interested in science and mathematics, he
Department and Chief Structural Engineer of Pace, one of developed an interest in engineering as a profession, and
Kuwait’s highly reputed and oldest consulting offices. Adel initially wanted to study architecture. While he eventually
joined Pace in 1992, and with over 32 years of experience became drawn to civil engineering, he did convince his
covering contracting, design and supervision, he possesses youngest son to study architecture.
a wealth of technical proficiency that encompasses both
traditional and innovative design and construction methods.
Professional Background
Family
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Kuwait’s most established firms now possesses substantial members, leading to the use of very high grade concrete.
specialist structural engineering knowledge and expertise in This is obviously placing additional responsibility on ready
the design of tall and complex structures. He also singles mix concrete producers. Adel believes that the establishment
out the new Central Bank of Kuwait building, designed with of an independent agency to monitor the production process
all columns on the outside and which is currently under warrants serious consideration.
construction, as one of his more challenging projects.
He considers it a necessity that more Kuwaiti engineers
He also talks with great pride of his almost 10-year should become involved in structural design work, and
involvement with the Avenues Mall, a very popular local continue practicing it. He hopes this will happen as there is
landmark. The design of the building, characterized by undoubtedly great potential, but this can only be beneficial to
column free spans of up to 55 meters, called for a carefully the country if these young engineers commit themselves to
considered structural solution, particularly given the building’s be dedicated and long term involvement in the profession.
extensive length and sprawling free-form massing. It is
not over though, as with the project’s development still not As this interesting discussion, conducted over a nice cups of
complete, he foresees his association with it continuing for at coffee was ending, he was asked what he liked most about
least a further 8 years. his profession: “ I enjoy contributing to a project - and to
seeing it finally realized.”
Adel notes that structural design in Kuwait is at present
almost totally based on American codes, with concrete (Mr. Adel Tawab was interviewed by Aziz Mamuji)
construction the most common method. There is, however,
a noticeable change. Structural steel construction is no
longer being restricted to more industrial buildings. It is
progressively gaining acceptance for other types of projects,
especially tall structures. He also observes that there is now
a tendency for more international contractors being invited
to bid in association with local companies, for large to mega
projects in Kuwait. He thus feels that there may be a case
for Kuwait to consider having its own structural design code,
which could be based on a combination of American, British
and European codes of practice.
The visit, which was organized by the Social Committee, Resources (PAAF)
commenced with a presentation by Mr. Aziz Mamuji of Gulf Developer: Kuwait Commercial Markets Complex Company
Consult, who outlined the background to the project and Consultants: Gulf Consult, Kuwait
explained the philosophy on the basis of which the park Dino Georgiou (Architectural Concept)
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n Boulevard
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n Police College Site Visit
The Social Committee of ACI-KC organized a visit to the
site of the new Police College. The project, located in the
Mubarakiya Area (Jiwaan) Area of Kuwait City, is being
developed for the Ministry of Interior, and is being managed
by the Ministry of Public Works.
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n Police College Site Visit
Project Data
Client: Ministry of Public Works
User: Ministry of Interior
Consultants: Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM), USA
Gulf Consult, Kuwait
Site: 304,000 m2 site in Mubarakiya Area (Jiwaan)
Built-up Area: 305,000 m2
Components:
• Academic, training, administrative, residential and sports
facilities for 1200 Police Cadets.
• 165 Instructors
• Parking 2000 cars (Internal/External)
• Academic Buildings
• Library
• Auditorium
• Administration Building
• Dormitories
• Dining Hall and Kitchen
• Swimming Pool (Olympic Standard)
• Multi-purpose Sports Building
• Parade Ground
• Mock Combat Village
• Shooting Ranges (Outdoor and Indoor)
• Outdoor running track and Sports Fields
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n Annual Dinner
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. ACI-KC News
n ACI Logo
American Concrete Institute recently changed its logo.
As a consequence ACI-Kuwait Chapter has adopted the new
design. The old and the new versions are shown below.
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. Sponsors
22
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Published By:
American Concrete Institute
Kuwait Chapter
www.aci-kw.org
info@aci-kw.org