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This document discusses the nature and elements of communication. It defines communication as a two-way process between a speaker and receiver involving the transmission and interpretation of messages. The key elements of communication are the speaker, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, and feedback. Effective communication is complete, concise, considers the audience, is concrete, clear, correct, and courteous. Barriers to communication include emotions, jargon, and noise. Communication can be verbal, involving words, or nonverbal, involving behaviors. Intercultural communication occurs when individuals with different cultural backgrounds interact.
This document discusses the nature and elements of communication. It defines communication as a two-way process between a speaker and receiver involving the transmission and interpretation of messages. The key elements of communication are the speaker, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, and feedback. Effective communication is complete, concise, considers the audience, is concrete, clear, correct, and courteous. Barriers to communication include emotions, jargon, and noise. Communication can be verbal, involving words, or nonverbal, involving behaviors. Intercultural communication occurs when individuals with different cultural backgrounds interact.
This document discusses the nature and elements of communication. It defines communication as a two-way process between a speaker and receiver involving the transmission and interpretation of messages. The key elements of communication are the speaker, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, and feedback. Effective communication is complete, concise, considers the audience, is concrete, clear, correct, and courteous. Barriers to communication include emotions, jargon, and noise. Communication can be verbal, involving words, or nonverbal, involving behaviors. Intercultural communication occurs when individuals with different cultural backgrounds interact.
Communication is a process. A two-way process with the inclusion of feedback
Communication occurs between two or more as one element. people (the speaker and the receiver). There is a collaborative exchange of messages Communication can be expressed through written between communicators with the aim of or spoken words, actions (nonverbal), or both understanding each other. spoken words and nonverbal actions at the same It also shows that a barrier, such as noise, may time. interfere with the flow of communication. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION Schramm Model Speaker FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION The source of information or message Control Message Communication functions to control behavior. The information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by Social Interaction the speaker in words or in actions Communication allows individuals to interact with Encoding others. The process of converting the message into Motivation words, actions, or other forms that the speaker Communication motivates or encourages people understands to live better. Channel Emotional expression The medium or the means, such as personal or Communication facilitates people’s expression of non-personal, verbal or nonverbal, in which the their feelings and emotions. encoded message is conveyed Information dissemination Decoding Communication functions to convey information. The process of interpreting the encoded message FEATURES OF AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION of the speaker by the receiver Completeness Receiver Complete communication is essential to the The recipient of the message, or someone who quality of the communication process in general. decodes the message Hence, communication should include everything Feedback that the receiver needs to hear for him/ her to The reactions, responses, or information provided respond, react, or evaluate properly. by the receiver Conciseness Context Conciseness does not mean keeping the message The environment where communication takes short, but making it direct or straight to the point. place Insignificant or redundant information should be Barrier eliminated from the communication that will be The factors that affect the flow of communication sent to the recipient. PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION Consideration Speaker To be effective, the speaker should always Encodes consider relevant information about his/her Transmits receiver such as mood, background, race, Receiver preference, education, status, and needs, among Decodes others. By doing so, he/she can easily build rapport Feedback with the audience. MODELS OF COMMUNICATION Concreteness Shanno-Weaver Model Effective communication happens when the “Mother of all communication” message is concrete and supported by facts, Depicts communication as a linear or one-way figures, and real-life examples and situations. In process consisting of five elements. this case, the receiver is more connected to the Has been criticized for missing one essential message conveyed. element in the communication process: feedback. Courtesy Without feedback, the speaker will not know The speaker shows courtesy in communication by whether the receiver understands the message or respecting the culture, values, and beliefs of not. his/her receivers. Being courteous at all times Adaptation creates a positive impact on the audience. The individual is very open to world views when Clearness accepting new perspectives. Clearness in communication implies the use of Integration simple and specific words to express ideas. It is Individuals start to go beyond their own cultures also achieved when the speaker focuses only on a and see themselves and their actions based on single objective in his/her speech so as not to multifarious cultural viewpoints. confuse the audience. TYPE OF SPEECH CONTEXT Correctness Intrapersonal Correctness in grammar eliminates negative This refers to communication that centers on one impact on the audience and increases the person where the speaker acts both as the sender credibility and effectiveness of the message. and the receiver of message. BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION Interpersonal Emotional barrires This refers to communication between and among Use of jargons people and establishes personal relationship Lack of confidence between and among them. Noisy environment Dyad communication VERBAL COMMUNICATION AND NONVERBAL Communication that occurs between two people COMMUNICATION Small group VERBAL Communication that involves at least three but not Refers to an interaction in which words are used to more than twelve people engaging in a face-to- relay a message. For effective and successful face interaction. verbal communication, use words to express ideas Public which can be easily understood by the person you This type refers to communication that requires are talking to. you to deliver or send the message before or in NONVERBAL front of a group. The message can be driven by Refers to an interaction where behavior is used to informational or persuasive purposes. convey and represent meanings. Mass communication INTERCULTURAL COMMU This refers to communication that takes place NICATION through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, Happens when individuals interact, negotiate, and books, billboards, internet, and other types of create meanings while bringing in their varied media. cultural backgrounds (Ting-Toomey, 1999). TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE THE DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF INTERCULTURAL Intimate SENSITIVITY This style is private, which occurs between or Offers a structure that explores how people among close family members or individuals. The experience cultural differences. According to language used in this style may not be shared in Bennett and Bennett (2004). public. Denial Casual The individual does not recognize cultural This style is common among peers and friends. differences. Jargon, slang, or the vernacular language are used. Defense Consultative The individual starts to recognize cultural This style is the standard one. Professional or differences and is intimidated by them, resulting in mutually acceptable language is a must in this either a superior view on own culture or an style. unjustified high regard for the new one. Formal Minimization This style is used in formal settings. Unlike the Although individuals see cultural differences, they consultative style, this is one-way. bank more on the universality of ideas rather than Frozen on cultural differences. This style is “frozen” in time and remains Acceptance unchanged. It mostly occurs in ceremonies. The individual begins to appreciate important cultural differences in behaviors and eventually in values.