Austenitic Stainless steel offer

304
grade

304
Chemical composition
Elements (%)

304L (18-9L)
C

0.025 0.40
Si Mn

1.40
Cr

18.20
Low carbon

Ni

8.05

> Lloyd’s Register of shipping
304L (18-9L)
304M (18-10L)

> PED (Pressure Equipment Directive) according to EN 10028-7 and

AD2000 Merkblatt W2 and W10 (TÜV W494).

304M (18-10L) 0.025 0.40 1.30 18.20 10.10 General characteristics

Typical values
The principal features of our grades 304L and 304M are:
Grade European American
IMDS Nr > A general purpose grade
> Good resistance to pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion
designation designation designation

304L (18-9L)
X2CrNi18-9/ UNS 30403/
336838649 > Very good resistance to intergranular corrosion
1.4307(1) Type 304L(2)
> Good ductility
304M (18-10L)
X2CrNi19-11/ UNS 30403/
336813205 > Excellent weldability
1.4306(1) Type 304L(2)
> Good polishing ability
According to EN 10088-2 According to ASTM A 240.
> Very good drawability for 304M
(1) (2)

These grades comply with:

Applications
> Stainless Europe Material Safety Data Sheet n°1: stainless steels
(European Directive 2001/58/EC). > Chemical engineering equipment
> European Directive 2000/53/EC on end-of-life vehicles and later > Food industry equipment
modifications. > Dairy equipment
> NFA 36 711 standard «Stainless steel intended for use in contact > Piping and tubes
with foodstuffs, products and beverages for human and animal > Welded structures
consumption (non packaging steel) ». > Cryogenic and food tanks and trailers
> Storage vessels
> Requirements of NSF/ANSI 51 – 2009 edition International
standard for “Food Equipment Materials” and of the F.D.A. (United Product range
States Food and Drug Administration) regarding materials used for
food contact. Forms : Sheets, blanks, coils, strips, tubes
> French Decree No.92-631 dated 8 July 1992 and Regulation No. Thicknesses : from 0.4 up to 13 mm
Width : up to 2 000 mm according to thickness (only 304L)
1935/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27
Finishes : cold rolled, hot rolled, patterned/tear plate (only 304L),
October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into
according to thickness.
contact with food (and repealing Directives 80/590/EEC and
89/109/EEC).
> French regulatory paper dated 13 January 1976 relating to
materials and articles made of stainless steel in contact with
foodstuffs.
> Italian Decree of 21st March 1973 : a list of stainless steel types
appropriate to « Regulations on the hygiene of packaging,
receptacles and tools intended to come into contact with
substances for food use or with substances for personal use »
 E 103 MPa k (W/m/K)
Physical properties
ρ ( mm2/m) x 10-2
200
Cold rolled and annealed sheet.
E

Density d kg/dm³ 20 °C 7.9

Melting point °C Liquidus 1420

Specific heat c J/kg.K 20 °C 500 ρ

25
Thermal conductivity k W/m.K 20 °C 15
100
20-100 °C 16.5 k
Mean coefficient 20
α 10-6/K 20-200 °C 16.0
of linear expansion
20-400 °C 17.5

Electric resistivity ρ Ω mm2/m 20 °C 0.73

15
at 0.8 kA/m
Magnetic resistivity μ 20 °C 1.01
DC or AC
Young’s Modulus E MPa.103 20 °C 200
Poisson’s coefficient: 0.30 20 200 400 600 800
Temperature (°c)
Mechanical properties

In the annealed condition

European ASTM Rm(1) Rp0.2(2) A(3)
In accordance with ISO 6892-1, part 1, Grades designation A240 (MPa) (MPa) %
Test piece perpendicular to rolling direction.
304L (18-9L) 1.4307 304L 630 300 54

Test piece 304M (18-10L) 1.4306 304L 590 260 55

Length = 80 mm (thickness < 3 mm) 304 (18-9E) 1.4301 304 650 300 54
Length = 5.65 √ So (thickness ≥ 3 mm). 201D (17-4Mn) 1.4618 (b) 201.1 665 320 52
Cold rolled
K41 1.4509 441 (a)
480 310 30
At elevated temperatures* K45 1.4621 (b)
445 (a)
510 360 29
(1)
Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS). (2) Yield Strength (YS). (3) Elongation (A).
A 50
(a)
Common designation (b) Pending update of the standard
Rm (MPa)
Rp0.2 (%)
Work-hardened by cold rolling
Rm (MPa) A
700 70 Rp0.2 (%)

600 60
1100
500 50
Rm 1000
400 40 Rm
A 900

300 30 800
Rp0.2
50
HV
Rp0.2
700 5Kg
200 20

100 10 600 350

40
HV 5Kg 300
500

0 200 400 600 800 400 250

20
* Typical values Temperature (°C)
300 A 200

200

5 15 25 35 45
Typical values Degree of cold work (%).
 Corrosion resistance

Our grades 304L and 304M generally exhibit a good resistance to wet corrosion, appropriate for the majority of applications and are especially
recommended when there is a risk of intergranular corrosion.
In particular, they meet the requirements of the standard tests defined by EN ISO 3651-2 (sensitizing treatments T1 and T2).
Furthermore they show excellent behavior in urban and rural atmospheres.

Pitting corrosion Depassivation pH in a deaerated NaCl 2M

environment at 23°C
+

+
1.5
316L
Corrosion resistance

K45
K44 2

Crevice corrosion resistance

304/304L
304L (18-9L) K41
304M (18-10L) 316T (17-11MT) 201D
2.5
K45
K36
K41 pH
3
201D (17-4Mn)
K39M
K34 3.5 K03
K30/K30ED
K03
-
- 4

10 15 20 25 30 Crevice Corrosion
PREN (CR+3,3Mo+16N) Crevice corrosion is a type of corrosion that can be divided in two
processes. During the first process, called initiation, discrete pits are
Pitting potential in variations following the temperature and the chloride concentration formed within the crevice region when locally the pH is below the
1,357 pt Pitting potential depassivation pH of the grade.
The propagation is the second process and is involves in the dissolution
NaCI NaCI NaCI NaCI
Grades 0.02/23°C 0.02/50°C 0.05/23°C 0.02/50°C of metal. To slow down this process, molybdenum and nickel containing
grades are to be preferred since both these elements slow down the
304L (18-9L) 540 mV 385 mV 305 mV 175 mV
propagation.
Typical values
Intergranular corrosion
They meet the requirements of the standard tests defined by EN ISO 3651-2 (sensitizing treatments T1 and T2).

Forming

In the annealed condition our grades 304L and 304M can be readily Bending
cold formed by standard processes such as bending and profiling and Good bending capacity up to 180°, with very small bending radii for
is particularly good in stretch forming processes such as drawing, roll thicknesses below 0.8mm. For thicker gauges, a bending radius of at
forming, spinning, contour forming, etc. least half the thickness of the sheet is recommended.
Some forming operations can be performed more easily at higher Flow turning
temperatures. In that case, subsequent pickling is necessary. Our grade 304ED (18-9DDQ) (1.4301, Type 304) is the most suitable
for this application.
Deep drawing (Swift test) For severe forming operations, our grades 304D (18-9ED) and 304ED
The Swift test is a method to determine the Limiting Drawing Ration (18-9DDQ) are to be preferred.
(LDR). This LDR is defined by the maximum ratio between the blank Stretching
diameter (variable) and the punch diameter (fixed) for which drawing can The stretching behaviour is characterized by the dome height (h) of the
be performed successful. Erichsen test which is also known as Index ‘ EI ’.
European ASTM European ASTM EI*
Grades designation A240
LDR* Grades designation A240 (mm)
304L (18-9L) 1.4307 304L 1.91 304L (18-9L) 1.4307 304L 11.4
304 (18-9E)* 1.4301 304 1.96 304M (18-10L)* 1.4306 304L 11.5
201D (17-4Mn) 1.4618 (b) 201.1 1.92 304 (18-9E) 1.4301 304 11.6
K41 1.4509 441(a) 2.29 201D (17-4Mn) 1.4618 (b) 201.1 11.9
K45 1.4621(b) 445(a) 2.28 K41 1.4509 441(a) 9.4
* Limiting Drawing Ratio – 0.8 mm thick sheet - Lubricant = Mobilux EP00 K45 1.4621 (b)
445(a) 9.5
(a)
Common designation (b) Pending update of the standard * Erichsen Index – Lubricant = Mobilux EP00 - Typical values tests done on
0.8mm thick. (a) Common designation (b) Pending update of the standard
D
Dmax
LDR = h
d d
Welding

No filler material With filler metal Shielding gas*

Welding process Filler material * Hydrogen and

Typical thicknesses Thicknesses nitrogen forbidden
Rod Wire in all cases

Resistance:
≤ 2 mm
spot, seam
Argon
TIG < 1.5 mm > 0.5 mm ER 308 L* ER 308 L* Argon + 5% Hydrogen
Argon + Helium
Argon
PLASMA < 1.5 mm > 0.5 mm ER 308 L* Argon + 5% Hydrogen
Argon + Helium

Argon + 2% CO2
Argon + 2% O2

in common with all Aperam Group companies, cannot guarantee that it is complete or that it is free from error. Kara® is a brand of Aperam – Stainless Europe, registered in numerous. Design et conception : agencembcom.com.
Argon + 2% CO2
MIG > 0.8 mm ER 308 L(Si)*
+1% H2
Argon + 2% CO2

© January 2012, Aperam - Stainless Europe. 304 Low Carbon.uk. While every care has been taken to ensure that the information contained in this publication is as accurate as possible, Aperam – Stainless Europe,
+Helium

S.A.W. > 2 mm ER 308 L*

Electrode Repairs E 308 L*

Helium
Laser < 5 mm Under certain
conditions: Argon
* ER 308L (AWS A5.9) = G 19 9 L (NF EN ISO 14343)
Our grades 304L and 304M are designed for welding applications.
Especially if there is a risk of intergranular corrosion, a low carbon grade such as the 304L or the 304M is recommended. In general, heat treatment
is not required after welding. However, in order to fully restore the corrosion resistance of the metal, the welds must be mechanically or chemically
descaled, then passivated and decontaminated.

Heat treatment and finishing

Annealing
After cold forming (work hardening) and after welding, an annealing > Descaling pastes for weld areas.
treatment for a couple of minutes at 1050°C ± 25°C, followed by air Passivation
cooling or water quenching, restores the microstructure (recrystallisation > 20-25% HNO3 solution (36° Baumé) at 20°C.
and dissolution of carbides) and eliminates internal stresses.
Pickling
> Passivating pastes for weld zones.
Polishing
> Nitric-Hydrofluoric acid mixture (10%HNO3 + 2% HF) at ambient The surface of our 304L and our 304M is suitable for all kinds of
temperature or up to 60°C. polishing (grit, scotch-brite, electro polishing).
> Sulfuric-nitric acid mixture (10% H2SO4 + 0.5% HNO3) at 60°C.

Size range

Our size range is based on our production capabilities. For the latest information per grades on our offer, please consult us.

Cold Rolled Hot-Rolled and HRC

Width (mm) Width (mm)
2 000
2 000 2 000
2 000

1 500
1 500 1 500
1 500

1 250
1 250 1 250
1 250

1 000
1 000 1 000
1 000

0.3 0.3
0.4 0.4
0.5 0.5
0.6 0.6
0.7 0.7
0.8 0.8
0.9 0.9
1.0 1.0
1.20 1.20
1.50 1.50
2.0 2.0
2.50 2.50
3.0 3.0
4.0 4.0
5.0 5.0
6.0 6.0
8.0 8.0 2.0 2.0
2.50 2.50
3.0 3.0
3.5 3.5
4.0 4.0
4.5 4.55 56.0 6.0
7.0 7.0
8.0 8.0
9.0 9.0
10.0 10.0
12.0 12.0
13.0 13.0
ColdCold
rolledrolled
BA (2R) and 2D,
BA (2R) and 2B
2D, 2B ColdCold
rolledrolled
2D, 2B
2D, 2B Thickness
Thickness
(mm)(mm) Hot rolled
Hot rolled
HRAP HRAP
1D 1D ColdCold
rolledrolled
HRCHRC
2E 2E Thickness
Thickness
(mm)(mm)

Aperam Stainless Europe Information

ZAC du Landy - Immeuble CEZANNE www.aperam.com/stainlesseurope
30, avenue des Fruitiers stainless.europe@aperam.com
FR-93212 La Plaine Saint Denis Cedex