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timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 801 (1975): Code of Practice for Use of Cold Formed

Light Gauge Steel Structural Members In General Building
Construction [CED 7: Structural Engineering and structural
sections]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS : 801 - 1975
(Reaffirmed 2010)

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR USE OF
COLD-FORMED LIGHT GAUGE STEEL
STRUCTURAL MEMBERS IN GENERAL
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

( First Revision)

Ninth Reprint SEPTEMBER 2001

( Incorporating Amendment No.1 )

UDC 624.014.2: 693.814 : 69.001.3

© Copyright 1982
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Gr8 January 1976

 IS I 801 -1975

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR USE OF
COLD-FORMED LIGHT GAUGE STEEL
STRUCTURAL MEMBERS IN GENERAL
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
(First Revision)
Structural Engineering Sectional Committee, SMBDC 7
Chairman &pusen ting
Dut&CTOR STANIWU>I (Civn.) Ministry of Railways
M,,,,,_s
Seu L. N. AoaAWAL Industrial Fastenen Association of India, Calcutta
SHRI M. M. MURARKA (Alternate)
SHRI A. K. BANERp.11. Metallurgical and Engineering Conaultants (India)
Ltd, Ranchi
SHRI S. SANKARAN (Altmratl)
SHRI P. C. BHASIN Department of Transport (Road Wing), Ministry
of Shipping &: Transport
SHR1 A. S. BISHNOJ (Altnnat1)
DR P. N. CHATrllJ\JEB Government of West Bengal
DR P. K. DAS Central Mtthanical Engineering Rctearch Institute
(CSIR), Durgapur
DR P. DAYAllLATNAM Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
SHIU D. s. DESAI M. N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
DIRECTOR (MERI) Irrigation & Power Department, Government of
Maharashtra, Bombay
RESEARCH OFFICER (Alumalil)
DIRECTOR (TCD) Central Water &. Power Commission (Power
Wing), New Delhi
St1R1 P. V. N. IYBNOER (Alternak)
Ex£Ctr1·1va EN01111uR (CENTRAL Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
5-roRES DIVISION No. II)
SHRI M. M. GeOIH Stewarts & Lloyds of India Pvt Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. C. GHOSH (.dltnnate)
Stta1 A. G. GoNIALVl!I Bridge &. Roof Co (India) Ltd, Howrah
SHIU S. S. Bola (.dltnnau)
SHRI SAILAPATI GUPTA Public Works Department, Government of West
Bengal, Calcutta

(<AnlUultd "" l'VI 2)

0 Copyrighl 1982
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publlcatiQD is protectod undor tho Indian Copyright Act (XIVof 1957) and
reproduction in •hole or in part by any moans except with written permission or the
p11blisher lball bo deemod to bo an infnnpmont of copyright 11nder the uid Act.
IS I 801-1975
(Contin111d from page l)
Members R.Jwunli"I
SH11.1 G. S. IYER The Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay
S11a1 S. M. GuLATElt (Altemate)
DR 0. P. JAIN Institution of Enginccn (India), Calcutta
jo1NT DIRECTOR STA"IDARDI (B&S) Ministry of Railways
Di..PUTV DIRECTOR STANDARDS
(B&S)-11 (Alternate)
S11R1 S. D. KALF. Bombay Municipal Corporation, Bombay
SnRt M. K. R. SRARMA (Alkrnat1)
SHRI OM G11os1 A Elcctrkal Manufacturing Co Ltd, Calcutta
SttRI S. N. S1NGH (Altn-natt)
PaoF K. D. MAHAJAN Engineer-in-Chief's Branch, Army Headquartcr.i,
New Dt"lhi
PROF B. V. RAMASWAMY (Altn-natt)
SHRI (,, C. M'IT tUR National Buildings Organisation, New Delhi
SHRI K. S. '>RINIVASAN (Alternate)
S11a1 P. K. l\.1A1.1.1cK Je,sop & Co Ltd, Calcutta
SHIU A. P. KAVAL (Alternate)
DR s. K. MALl.ICK Indian Institut!' of Technology, Kharagpur
SHRI N. v. MANAY Mantons (Bangalore) Pvt Ltd, Bangalore
SttRI A. K. .!\.hTRA Hindustan Steel Ltd, Durgapur
SttRI P. K. MuKKERJEE Braithwaite & Co (India) Ltd, Calrutta
SttRI P. T. PATEL (Alttrna/I')
SHRI P. R. NATAR.o\JAN Structural Engineering R!'!earch Centre (CSIR),
Roorkee
Da J. PuausHOTHAr.t Central Water & Power Commission (Water Wing),
New Delhi
DEPUTY DIRECTOR {GATES &.
DESIGN) (Alttrnatt)
REPRESENTATIVE Richardson & Cruddas Ltd, Bombay
S11R1 P. V. NAIK (Alternate)
REPRF.SENTATIVE Burn & Co Ltd, How.rah
PROP P. K. SoM Jadavpur Univl'n;ty, Calcutta
SHRI T. N. SUBBA RAO Indian Roads Congre,s, N!'w Delhi
DR D. JOHNSON V1croR (Alternate)
SUPERINTENDING EN o 1 NEER Governmf'nt of Tamil Nadu, Madras
(PLANNING & Ol!Slc;N CIRCLE)
EXF.CUTIVE ENGINEER
(R U IL O'I N 0 C 1t NT R E
D1v1s1m1) (Alternate)
MAJ R. P. E. v AZIPD.,R Bombay Port Trust, Bombay
SHRI K. VEFR/\RAOHVACllARI Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Tiruchirapally
SHRI S. N. VoHRA Inspection Wing, Uirrcturate General of Supplies
& Di,pmals (Ministry or lndustrirs & Civil
Supplies)
S11R1 5. N. BASU (Alttrnat1)
Smu L. D. WADHWA Enginccn India Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI B. 8. NA•l (Altnnate)
SHRI c. R. RAMA RAO, Director General, BIS (Ex-nj/icio Member)
Director (Struc & Met)
Serrttar.1
SHRI s. s. SF.THI
Assistant Director (Struc & Met), BIS
(Contin111d on /Jnp 37)

2
 IS : 801 - 1975

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR USE OF
COLD-FORMED LIGHT GAUGE STEEL
STRUCTURAL MEMBERS IN GENERAL
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

(First Revision)
0. FOREWORD
G.l This Indian Standard (Fir.•t Revi\ion) was adopted by the Indian
Standards fn'ltitution on 31 January 1975, after the d1aft finalized by the
Structural Engineering Sectional Committee had been a;>pmved by the
Structural and Metals Division Counril and Civil Engineering Divi<ion
Council.
0.2 Cold-formed steel structural members are cold-formed in rolls or press
brakes from fiat steel, g~nerally not thicker than 12·5 mm. For repetitive
mass production they arc formed most economically by cold-rolling, while
smaller quantities of special shapes are most economically produced on press
brake.;. The latter procc,s, with its great versatility of shape yariat!ou,
mak~s this type of con,truction as adaptable to special requirements a-; rdn-
forced concrete is in its field of use. ?l.{cmbers arc connected by spot, fiilt:t,
plug or slot welds, by screw, bolts, cold rivets or any other special devit:es.
0.3 Thi.> type of comtruction is appropriate and economical under on" or
more of the following conditions:
a) Where moderate loads and spans make the thicker, hot-rolled shapes
uneconomical, for example, joists, purlins, girts, ru .. '"trusses, complete
framing for one- and two-storey residt>ntial, commercial and
indu<>trial structures;
b) Where it is desired that load-carrying members also provide usl'ful
surfaces, for c:x.ample, door panels and roof Jeck<>, mostly installed
without any !.horing and wall panels; and
c) Where sub-a..semblie.i of such members can be prefabricated in the
plant, reducing site erection to a minimum of simple operations,
for example, sub-assembly of panel framing up to 3 X 4- metres and
more for structures listed in (a), standardized package shed-type
utility building.>, etc.
3
IS I 801 • 1975
0.4 This standard wa.'I firsL published in 19'."18 and was mainly based on
1956 edition of 'Specification for the de,.igu of cold formed steel structural
members' published by American Iron aud Ster.I Institute, New York.
While revising the Indian Standards, the Sectional Committee decided that
it should be brought in line with the 196r. edition of the AISI pulilit .1don,
as tb.is has been the accepted practi<:c in thi~ rountry and mo~t ~uitahlt:
for this type of constniction.
0.5 F"or the purpose of dcc1din~ whether a particular rcquirem1·nt or this
standard i~ complied with, the final v<llue, observed or ralculatccl, cxprcs~inir,
tht" rei.nlt of a test c.r analyr.is, shall he: rounikd off in acc:ordanc:c will1
JS; 2-1960*. The numl,er of significa:1t pla..:cs retained in the rounded off
value should he the same a'I that of the specified val.1c in thi~ standard.

1. SCOPE
1.1 'This code applies to thed~ign of structural members cold-formed to
shape from carbon or low-alloy, sheet or strip steels used for load carrying
purposes in buildings. It may also be used for structure<> other than buildings
provided appropriate allowances are made fur dynamic effects.

2. MATERIAL
2.1 Structural steel sheet or strip steel shall conform to IS : 1079-1973f.
2.2 Steels other than the one covered in 2.1 may be used provided such st.eel
conforms to the chemical and mechanical requirements of IS : 1079-J973f
and its weldability is guaranteed.

3. DEFINITIONS
3.0 For die purpose of this code, the followii;.g definitions shall apply.
3.1 Stiffened CompreHion Elements --A flat compression e!ement,
for example, a plane compression flange of a flexural member or a plane
web or flange of a compression member, of which both edges parallel to the
direction of strC$s are stiffened by a web, flange stiffening lip, intermediate
stiffener, or the like conforming to the. requirements of 5.2.2.
3.2 l1n•tift'ened Compression Elements - A flat element which i~
i.tiffened at only one edge parallel to the direction nf stress.
3.3 Multiple Stifl"ened Element& - An element that is stiffened between
webs, or between a web and a stiffened edge, by means of. intermediate
stiffeners which are parallel to the direction of stress and whkh conform to
the requirements of 5.2.2.2. A sub-elemrnt is the porrion between adjacent
stiffeners or between web and intermediate stiffener or between edge and
intermediate stiffener.
*Rules for rounding off numerical valu~s (rmistd).
tSpecification for hot rolled carbon steel sheet and strip (third revision).

4
 JS : 801 - 1975
3.4 Plat-Widtla Ratio - The flat-width ratio, w/t, of a single flat clement,
is the ratio of the flat-width, w, exclusive of edge fillets, to the thickness t.
In the r.ase of sections, such ac; /, T channel and~ shaped sections, the width
w is the width of the flat projection of flange from web, cxclu->ive of fillets
and of any stiffening lip that may h~ at the outer f'dg,- of the flange. In
th~ case of multip,le-web section~, such a~ hat, U or hox shape ser.tions, the
width w is the flat-width of flange between adjacent webs, exclusive of fillets.
3.5 EJFective Design Width - Where the flat-width, w, of an rlement ic;
reduced for design purpo<>e.., the reduced doign width bis termed the effective
width or the effective design width, and is determined in accordance
with 5.2.1 and 5.2.5.
3.6 ThlclmeH - The thickness t of any element or section shall be the base
steel thidtness, exclusive of coatings.
3.7 Torsional Flexural Buckling-A mode of buckling in which com-
pression members can bend and twist simultaneously.
3.8 Point Symmetric Section - A section symmetrical about a point
(centroid) such as a ,~section.having equal flanges.
3.9 Yield Point, Fy - It shall mean yield point or yield strength.
3.10 StreH -- Force per unit area; expressed in kilogram force per square
centimetre, abbreviated throughout as kgf/cm 2 •

4. LOADS
4.1 For general guidance ao; to the various loads to be taken into account
in the design of structures, reference should be made to rs : 800-1962• and
IS : 875-1964t.

5. DESIGN PROCEDURE
5.1 All computations for safe load, stress, deflection and the like shall be in
accordance with conventional methods of structural design except as other-
wise specified herein.
5.2 Propenies of Sections - Properties of sec'tions (cross-sectional area
moment of inertia, section modulus, radius of gyration, etc) shall be deter~
mined in accordance with conventional methods of structural design. Pro-
perties shall be based on the full cross section of the members (or net section
where the use of a net section is applicable) except where the use of a reduced
cross section, or effective design width, is required by the provisions of 5.2.1
and 5.2.S.

•Code of practice for u.e of structural steel in 'cneral building conatruction (mi.isd).
tCode orpractice for 1tructural aarety of buildmp: Loading atandarda (rni.W).

5
18 • 801 - 1975
5.2.1 Properties of Stijfentd Compression Elem4nts - In computing properties
of sections of flexural members and in computing values of Q. (su 6.6.1.1)
for compression members, the flat-width w of any stiffened compre~sion ele-
ment having a fiat width ratio larger than (w/t)um as hereinafter defined
shall be considered as being reduced for design purposes to an effective design
width b or be determined ill accordance with the provisions of s.2.1.1
or s.2.1.2 whichever is applicable, and subject to the limitations of 5.2.5
where applicable. That portion of the total width which is considered
removed to arrive at the effective design width shall be located symmetrically
about the centre line of the element.
5.2.1.1 Elements without intermediate stijfmers -The effective design
widths of compression elements which arc not subject to the provisions
of 5.2.1.2 shall be determined from the following formulae•:
For load determination:
Flanges are fully effective (b = w) up to (w/t)um=l 435/vl
For flanges with w/t larger than (w/t)um

.!_ 2120[1 - ~~]

t - fl (w/t) f l

Exception: Flanges of closed square and rectangular tubes are fully

effective (b=w) up to (w/t)11m = 1~~ for flanges with w/t
larger than (w/t)um
b
t =
2 120 [
fl
420
1 - (w/t) vf
J
When members or assemblies are subject to stresses produced by wind and
earthquake forces, the effective design width b shall be determined for 0·75
times the stress caused by wind or earthquake loads alone, or 0·75 times
the stress caused by wind or earthquake plus gravity loads, when use is made
of the increased allowable stress permitted in 6.1.2.1 or 6.1.2.2.
For dejltction determination:
Flanges are fully effective up to (w/t)um = l ·850/VJ
For flanges with w/t larger than (w/th 1m
!_~
t - v7 [1 - (w/t)600v f ]·
•Jt is to be noted that Wht're the flat-width CXCCt'dS (w/l)11m lhc properties of the section
shall frequently be determined by aucc:casive approximations or other appropriate methocfl,
•tr-
llinc:e the and the effective design width are interdependent.

6
 IS : 801 • 1975
Exception: Flanges of closed square and rectangular tubes are fuily
effective up to (w/t)um= l 990/yf for flanges with w/t
larger than (w/l)um
!-
t -
2 710 [1 -
v7
545
(w/t) v7
J
where
w/t = flat-width ratio,
b - effective design width in cm, and
f = actual stress in the compression element computed on the
ba~is of the effective design width in kgf/cm 2 •
5.2.1.2 1\fultiple stijfeMd elements arid t..irle stiffened elements witli tdg•
stiffeners - Where the flat-width ratio of a sub-element qf a multiple stiffened
compression element or of a stiffened compression element which does not
ha\l'e intermediate stiffeners and which has only one longitudinal edge
connected to a web does not exceed 60, the effective design width, b, of
such sub-element or element shall be determined in accordance with the
provisions of 5.2.1.1. Where such flat-width ratio exceeds 60, the effective
design width, be, of the sub-element 01· element shall be determined from
the following formula•:
(w
-bet = -tb - O· l 0 -l - 60 )
where
w/t = flat-width ratio of sub-element or element,
b - effective design width determint"d in accordance wit.ll the
provisions of s.2.1.1 in cm, and
be = effective design width of sub-clement or element to be used
in design computations in cm.
For computing the effective structural properties of a member having
compr.!~ion sub-elements or element subject to the above reduction in
effective width, the area of stiffeners (edge stiffener or intermediate stiffen-
ersf) shall be considered reduced to an effective area as follows:
For w/t between 60 and 90:

where
< = 1 [1 -
(3 - 2 be/w)- -30 ~]
w ..!:.
t
For w/t greater than 90:
Aer = (be/w) Aat
•s,. 5.2.S(a) for limitation• on the allowable ftat-width ratio of a compression element
at
1tift'ened one ~e by other than a simple lip.
f S. 5.2.2.2 for limitations on number of intermediate stiffeners which may be considl"red
ell'ective and their minimum moment of inertiL

7
IS I 801 - 1975
In the above <'xpressions, Aer and Ast refer only to the area of the stiffener
sec:tion, cxdmive of cmy portion of adjacent el~ment'l.
The centroid Clf the stiffener i'> to be considered located at the centroid
Of the full area of the stiffcnt:r, and the moment of inertia of the stiffener
about its own centroidal axis shall Le that of the full section of the stiffener.
5.2.2 Stiffeners for Compression Elements
5.2.2.1 Edge stiffeners·- In order that a flat compression element may
be con'lidercd a stiffened c<>mprC:'ssion dem~nt, it shall be stiffened along
each longitudinal edge parallel to the direction of stress by a web, lip, or
other stiffening means, having the following minimum moment of inertia:
/,_n11 """" 1·83 t~ \i(w/t) 1 -28l 200/F., but not less than 9·2 t'
where
IMtn =
minimum allowable moment of inertia of stiffener (of any
shape) about its own centroidal axis parallel to the stiffened
clement in cm•, and
w/t = flat-width ratio of stiffened element.
Where the stiffener consists of a simple lip bent at right angle~ to the stiffen-
ed element, the required overall depth dMin of such lip may be determined
as follows:
dt.un =-= 2·8 t ~(w/t) 1 -28l 200/Fr but not less than 4·8 t
A simple lip shall not be used a"J an edge stiffener for any element ·having
a fiat-width ratio greater than 60.
5.2.2.2 Intermediate stifferurs - In order that a flat compression clement
may be considered a multiple stiffened element, it shall be stiffened between
webs, or between a web and a stiffened edge, by means of intermediate
stiffeners parallel to the direction of stress, and the moment of inertia of each
such intermediate stiffener shall be not less than twice the minimum allow-
able moment of inertia specified for edge stiffeners in 5.2.2.l where w is the
width of the sub-element. The following limitaflior&1 ahaU also apply:
a) If the spacing of stiffeners between two webs is such that the ftat-
width ratio of the sub-element between stift"cnen is larger than
(w/t)um in 5.2.1, only two intermediate stiffeners (those nearest
each web) shall be considered effective.
b) If the spacing of stiffeners between a web and an edge stiffener is
such that the fiat-width ratio of the ~uh-element betWeen stiffeners
is larger than (w/t)um in 5.2.1, only ode intermediate stiffener shall
be considered effective.
c) If intermediate stiff~ners are spaceJ so closely that the 8at-width
ratio between stiffeners docs not exceed (w/l)um in 5.2.3, all the
stiffeners may be considered effective. ODly for the purpOICI of
computing the flat-width ratio of the entire multiple-stift'ened

8
 JS i 801. 1975
clement, such clement shall be- considered as replaced by an element
without intermediate !>tiffeners whose width u;8 is thr wl1ole width
between webs or from web to e<lgc r.tiffener, and who'>c C'}uivale11t
thickness 18 is determined as follows:
18 = v 12 18
Ws
where
Is mom("nt of inrrtia of the foll area of the multiple-stiffened
dement, induding rnc intermediate stiflf'ners, about its own
centroidal axis.
5.2.3 Maximum Allowable Overall Flat- Width Ratios - Maximum allowable
overall flat-width ratios w/t disregarding intermediate stiffeners and taking
l a'i the actual thickness of the element, shall be as follow~:
a) Stiffened compression element having :me longitudinal
edge connected to a web or flange element, the other
stiffened by:
Simple lip 60
Any other kind of stiffener 90
b) Stiffened compression dement with both longitudinal
edges connected to other stiffent"d elements 500
c) Unstiffencd compression element 6l'
NoTP.. - U11stiffencd compression elements that have Rat-width ratioa 0.1.-ccd-
ing approximately SO and stiffened compression elements that have flat-width
ratio. ..-xcct'cling approximately 250 are likt"ly to develop noticeabl..- deformation
at the full allowable working stresses, without affecting the ability of the mcmbi:r
to carry design loads.
Stiffened clem..-nts having flat-width ratios larger than 500 may be used v.ith
safety to support loads, but substantial deformation of such elements under loact
may occur and may render inapplicable the design formulae givt"'l in this cod..-.
d) Unusually wide flariges -·- Where a flange of a ft...xur.Ll member ii
unusually wide and it is desired to limit !he maximum amount
of curling or movement of the flange towar.is the neutral axis, the
following formula applies to compression and tension flanges, either
stiffent"d or unstiffoned:
Wt= ~OOtd
fav
X ti 100c1
d
where
w1 -the width of flange projecting beyond the weh, or half of
the distance between wehs for box- or U-type beams;
t = flange thickness;
d = depth of beam;
c1 = the amount of curling*; and
•The amount of curling that can be toleratl'd will vary with different kind~ t1f sections and
shall be e1tahlished by the dl"!lignrr. Amount or curling in the order to 5 percc:nt of I.he
depth of the section is usually not considered rxcessive.

9
U I 801•1975
fa.,
== the average stress in the full, unreduced ftangc-width in
kgf/cm• (where mcmben are designed by the effective
design width procedure, the average stress equals the maxi·
mum stress multiplied by the ratio of the effective design
width to the actual width).
5.2.f Maximum Allowabu W1h Depth-The ratio li/l of the webs offtexural
membe1-s shall not exceed the following limitations:
a) For members with unstiffened webs:
(h/t)Mu. = 150
b) For members which arc provided with adequate means of transmit-
ting concentrated loads or reactions or both into the web:
(/i/t)Max = 200
where
h = clear distance between ftangcs .mcuured along the plane of
web, and
I = web thickness.
Where a web consists of two or more sheets, the h/I ratio shall be computed
for individual sheets.
5.2.5 Unusually Short Spans Supporting Concmtralld IAads - Where the span
of the beam is less than 30 wr (wr as defined below) and it carries one
concentrated load or several loads spaced farther apart than 2 w1, the effec-
tive design width of any flange, whether in tension or compression, shall be
limited to as given in Table I.

TABLE I MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE IU.110 OF EJll'ECTIVE

DESIGN WIDTH TO ACTUAL W1DTll
L/wr RAno L/rcr RATIO
(1) (2) (I) (2)
30 1·00 14 0·82
25 0·96 12 0-78
20 0·91 10 0-73
18 0·89 8 0·67
16 0·86 6 0·55
L - full span for limple spam; or the diatancc between inflection points for conti-
.Duoua beams; or twice the length of cantilever beams in cm.
Ult - width oC flange projection beyond the web for I-beam and 1imilar 1eetiom or
hall' the cliltance between wef. of box- or U-type sections in cm.

5.2.5.1 For flanges of I-beams and similar sections stiffened by lips at

the outer edges, wr shall be taken as the sum of the flange projection beyond
the web plus the depth of the lip.
10
 IS a 801 • 1975
6. AU.OWABLE DESIGN STREM
6.0 Gtmera1 -The maximum allowable stresses to be used in design shall
be as given in 6.1 to 6.8.
6.1 Baaic D..ip Stress - Stress on the net section of tension members,
and tension and compression on the extreme fibres of flexural members shall
not exceed the value F specified below, except as otherwise specifically
provided herein:
F = 0·60 F.,
where F., is the specified minimum yield point.
When the increase in steel strength resulting from cold work of forming
is utilized in accordance with 6.1.1, the basic design stress shall be determined
as follows:
F = 0·60 F,,.
where F,.. is the average yield point of the full section.
Values of the basic allowable design stress Fas defined above for some of the
grades covered in IS : 1079-1973• arc given in Table 2.

TABLE 2 BASIC ALLOWABLE DESIGN STRESS F

MINDIUMy IBLD Snt£NOTH F
kgf/mm 1 kgf/cm1
21 l 250
2-f. l -150
30 I 800
3G 2 160

6.1.1 Utilization of Cold Wnrk of Forming-Allowable stresses shall be

based upon th~ specified minimum properties of the unformed steel. U tiliza-
tion, for design purposes, of any increase in steel strength that results frorr
a cold-forming operation is permissible provided that the methods and
limitations prescribed in 6.1.1.1 arc observed and satisfied.
6.1.1.1 Methods and limitations - Utilization of cold work of forming
shall be on the following basis:
a) The yield point of axially loaded compression members when
Q-1, and the flanges of flexural members whose proportions are
such that when treated as compression members the quantity Q.
(sn 6.6.1.1) is unity, shall be determined on the basis of either
(1) full section tensile tests [see 9.3.l(a)], or (2) stub column tesls
[.su 9.3.l(b)], or (3) compuled as follows:
Fya = C Fyo (1 - C)Fyr +
•Specification for hot rolled carbQn steel sheet and 1trip (third rt11ision).

11
18 1 ••·1975
where
F.,,, ==average tensile yield point of the Cull section of compres-
sion membcn, or full flange sections of flexural
mcmbcn;
C == ratio of the total corner area to the total cross-sectiOnal
area or the full section· of compression members, or
full flange sections of flexural members;
F.,. - tensile yield point of cornen, Be F1 /(R/i)m. The
formula does not apply where Fu/F, is less than I ·2,
R/t excc:eds 7, and/or maximum included angle exceeds
120°;
Fn - weighted average tensile yieW point of the flat portions
established in accordance with 93.2 or virgin yield
point if tests arc not made;
8 0 = 3·69 (Fu/F1 ) -0·819 (Fu/Fv)s - l ·79;
m == 0· 192 (F.,,(F.,) - 0·068;
R = inside bend radius;
F1 == tensile yield point of virgin steel* specified in 2.1 or
established in accordance with 9.3.3; and
Fu = ultimate tensile strength of virgin steel specified in 2.1
or established in accordance with 9.33.
b) The yield point of axially loaded compression members with Q. less
than unity, and the flanges of flexural members whose proportions
arc such that when treated as compresiiion membcn the quantity
Q. (.w 6.6.1.1) is-less than unity, may be taken as (1) the tensile
yield.point of thevirginsteel* specified in IS : 1079-1973f, or (2)
the tensile yield point of the virgin steel established in accordance
with 9.3.3, or (3) the weighted average tensile yield point of flats
established in acrcordance with 93.2.
c) The yield point of axially loaded tension members shall be deter-
mined by either method (1) or method (3) prescribed in (a) above.
d) Application of the provisiQns of 6.1.1.l(a) shall be confined to the
following:
1) Basic Design Stress (6.1),
2) Compression on Unstiffened Elements (6.2).
3) Laterally Unbraced Beams (6.3),
4! Axially Loaded Com~ion Members (6.6),
5 Combined Axial and Bending Streues (6.7),
6 Cylindrical Tubular Members in Compression or
Bending (6.1), and
7) Wall Studs (I.I). •
•Vqin llteel refen to the condition (that 11 coiled or 1traight) oC the ateel prior to the
cold..faiming operation.
fSpeci&c:ation for hot rolled carbon ateel aheet and atrip (llrW min..). ·

12
 IS I 801 • 1975
Application of all provisions of the code may be based upon the
properties of the flat steel before forming or on 6.1.1.l(b) or (c)
as applicable.
e) The effect on mechanical properties of any welding that is to be
applied to the member shall be determined on the basis of tests of
full section specimens containing within the gauge length such
welding as the manufacturer intends to use. Any necnsary allow-
ance for such effect shall be made in the structural use of the
member.
6.1.2 Wind, Earthquake, and Combined Forces
6.1.2.1 Wind or earthqualc. only - Members and assemblies subject only
to stresses produced by wind or earthquake forces may, be proportioned for
stresses 331 percent greater than those specified for dead and live load
stresses. A corresponding increase may be applied to the allowable stresses
in connections and details.
6.1.2.2 Combined forces - Members and assemblies subject to stress
produced by a combination of wind or earthquake and other 1oads may be
proportioned for unit stress 331 percent greater than those specified for
dead and live load stresses, provided the section thus required is not less
than that required for the combination of dead load and live load.
For primary and secondary members of roof assemblies and roof deck,
the allowable stresses may be increased by 331 percent for combined stresses
due to dead load, gravity live load (if any) and ponding, provided the section
thus required is not less than that required for the combination of dead load
and live load.
Corresponding increases may be applied to the allowable unit stresses
in connections and details.
6.2 CoompreHlon on Unsti.ft'ened Elements - Compression Fe in
kgf/ cm• on flat unstiffened elements:
a) For w/t not greater than 530/ y F,,:
Fe= 0·60 F'I
b) Forw/t ratio greater than 530/yF,. but not greater than 1210/yF,.•:
Fe== F,, [0·767 - (3·15/10') (w/t)yF;J
c) Forw/t ratio greater than 1 210/yF.11 but not greater than 25•:
Fe = 562 OOO/(w/t) 1
•When the yi.eld point of steel ia lea than 2 320 kgf/cm1 then for w/I ratios between
590/ v'T, and 25:
w \11;
[ 1- 590] (0-6Fr - 900)
06 F
Fo - • 7 - 25 [1 - 21·2/vFy]
13
• I •·1975
d) For w/t ratio from 25 to 60•:
For angle struts: Fe = 562 OOO/(w/t) 1
For all other sections: Fe = 1 390 - 20 w/t
In thl'l above formulae, w/t is the flat-width ratio as defined in 3.
6.3 Laterally Unbraced Beam.a - To prevent lateral buckling, die
maximum cotnpression stress Fb on extreme fibres of laterally unsupported
straight flexural membcrst shall not exceed the allowable stress as specified
in 6.1 or 6.2 nor the following maximum stresses:
a) When bending is about the ccntroidal axis perpendicular to the
web for either I-shaped sections symmetrical about an axis in the
plane of the weJ? or symmetrical channel-shaped sections:
£1 S . 0·36,,1 E Cb 1·8 .,,t E Cb
when d 1~" 11 greater than F,, but less than F.,

Fb =
2
3 F., -
F,,1
5·4 ,,• E Cb
(L'd I,,Sxc)'
0

when
L' S l ·8 ,,• E Cb
d l 1cxc is equal to or gl'eater than -~-- F,,

Fb == 0·6 ,,• E Cb :.. ~=c

b) For point-symmetrical Z-shaped sections bent aboµt the centroidal
axis perpendicular to the web:
L1 S . G·l8rE Cb 0·9nlE C11
when dI,,:" is greater than --~ but less than F,,
2
Fb = 3F,, - 2·7 r E Cb
F71 (L'Sxo)
d J,, 0
L Sx• .
1 0·9 ,,a E Cb
wh'n d I,,c 11 equal to or greater than F,,
Fib =0·3.,.
-9
E OII vs;;
d Ive

•Umtiffcned compression t'lements having ratios of w/I exceeding approximately SO may

show noti~ble distortion of the free edges under allowable compressive stress without detri-
ment to the ability of the member to support load. For ratios of w/t exceeding approxi-
mately 60 distortion of the 8angcs is likely to be so pronounced u to render the ICCtion
atnacturally undesirable unlca load and 1tres1 are limited to IUCb a dcgrcc as to render such
UIO m1crouomical. ·
tThe pro\'isions of this Section apply to I-, Z-, or channel-shaped flexural members (not
including multiple-web deck, U· and clOICd-box type members and curved or arch memben).
nae provision• of this Section do not apply to laterally unbraced comprellion 8anga or other-
wile laterally 1tablc acctiom.

14
 IS I 801 - 1975
where
L = the unbraced length of the memher;
1,.c = the moment of inertia of the compression portion of a sec-
tion about the gravity axis of the entire section parallel to
the web;
Sxc = <Jompression section modulus of entire sec.tion about
major axis, Ix divided by distance to extreme compreuion
fibre;
Cb = bending codlicient which can conservatively be taken as
unity, or calculated from:

Cb = l ·75 + l ·05 (~:) + 0·3 C~:r but not more than 2·3.
Where M 1 is the smaller and M 1 the larger bending
moment at the ends of the unbraced length, taken about
the strong axis of the members, and where M1/M., the
ratio of end moments is positive when M 1 and M 1 have
the same sign (reverse curvature bending) and negative
when they are of opposite sign (single curvature bending).
When the bending moment at any point within an
unbraced length is larger than that at both ends of this
length, the ratio M 1 /M1 shall be taken as unity.
For members subject to combined axial and bending stress
(sn 6.7), Cb, shall be I.
E =- modulus of elasticity = 2 074 000 kgf/cm1 ; and
d = depth of section.
6.4 Allowable Streaaea ID Web of Beama
6.4.1 Shear Str1ss1s in Webs -The maximum average shear strcH Fy, in
kgf/cm 2 , on the gross area of a flat web shall not exceed:
a) For h/l not greater than 4 590/yF.,:
F v = 4275h/tv'F; wit
"h a maximum
. of040F
· .,
b) For 11/t greater than 4 590/yF.,:
5 850 000
F.. = (h/t)*
where
I = web thickness,
A = clear distance between flanges measured along the plane
of web, and
F~ = yield point in kgf/cm•.

15
IS I 801 - 1975

Where the web consi'lts of two or more sheets these shall be consi-
clcrrd as separate members carrying their share of the shear.
6.4.2 Bending Stress in Webs -- The compre~sive stress Fbw, in kgf/cm•, in
the fiat web of a heam due to bending in its plane, shall not exceed F nor
shall it CXCf'l'ct:
, _ 36 560 000 I
Fbw - (h/t)I kgf/cm

6.4.3 Combi"'d Bending and Shear Stresses in Webs - For webs subject to
both bl'nriing- and ~ht:ar stresses, the member shall be so proportioned that
su<h ~tre~~es <lo not exceed th<" allowablt" values specified in 6.4.1 and 6.4.2
and that the quantity vUhw/Fbwr' + Uv/Fv) 2 does not exceed unity:
where
fbw =- actual compression stress at junction of Range and web;
36 560 uoo :z
Fbw ~-=- (h/t) 2 kgf/cm ;
fv -= actual average shear strt'ss, that is, shear force per web divided
bv webs area; and
Fv = allowable 'lht'ar stress as sp<"cified in 6.4.1 exrept that the limit
of 0 4 F, shall not apply.
6.5 Web Crippling of Beams - To avoid crippling of unreinforcl"d beam
webs having a fiat-width ratio lift equal to or less than 150, concentrated
loads and reactions ~hall not exceed the valuec; of PMax given below. Webs
of bc.i.ms for which the ratio h/t is greater than 150 shall be provided with
adequate mean<> of transmitting concentrated loads and reactions directly
into the web.
a) Beams having single unrmiforced webs:
( l) For end reactions or for concentrated loads on outer ends of
can ti levers:
For inside corner radius equal to or less than the thickness
of sheet:
PM&>.. = 70 ti (98 + 4·20(N/t) - 0·022 (N/t) (h/t) - 0 011 (h/t)]
x [l ·33- 0·33 (F,/2 320)) (F,/2 320)
For ether corner radii up to 4 t, the value PMu given by the
above formula shall be multiplied by ( l · 15 -0· l 5 R/t).
(2) For reactions of interior c;upports or for concentrated loads
located anywhere on the span:
For inside corner radim equal to or less than the thickness of
sh,.et:
P~(ax = 70 t 1 [305 + 2 30 (N/t) - 0 009 (N;t) (h/t) - 0·5 (h/t)]
x [l 22- 0 22 (F,/2 320)] (F,/2 320)
16
 IS I 801 - 1975
For other corner radii up to 4 t, the value PMax given by the
above formula is to be multiplit.d ,by ( l ·06 - 0 06 R/t).
(3) For corner radii larger than 4 t, tests shall be made in accordance
with 9.
b) For I-beams made ef two channtls com1ecled back lo bark or for similar
sections which provide a high degree ef rtslrai11l again.it rotation of the web,
such as I-sections made by welding two anglts to a channel:
(1) For end reactions or for concentrated loads on the outer ends
of cantilevers: '
PMax = t 2 F 1 (4·44 + 0·558v'.N/t)
(2) For reactions of interior supports or for concentrated loads
located anywhere on the span:
PMax = t 2 F 7 (6·66 + l ·146\/Njt)
In all of the above, PMax represents the load or reaction for one solid web
sheet connecting top and bottom flanges. For webs consisting of two or more
such sheets, PMax shall be computf'd for each individual sheet and the results
added to obtain the allowable load or reaction for the composite web.
For loads located close to ends of bt"ams, provisions of 6.S(a) (2) and (b) (2)
apply, provided that for cantilevers tht' distance from the free end to the
nf'arest edge of bearing, and for a load close to an end support the clear
distance from edge of end hearing to nearest edge of load bearing is larger
than l·Sh. Otherwise provisions of'6.5(a)(l) and (b)(2) apply.
In the above formulae,
PMax - allowable concentrated load or reactions;
l web thickness ;
.N = actual length of bearing, except that in the above formulae
the value of N shall not be taken greater than h;
h = clear distance between flanges measured along the plane of web;
F, = yield point; and
R = inside bend radius.
6.6 Axially Loaded Compression Members
6.6.l Stress
6.6.1.1 Shapes not subject lo torsional-flexural buckling
(a) For doubly-symmetric shapes, closf'd cross-sectional shapes or
cylindrical sections, and any other shapes which can be shown
not to be subject to torsional-fiexural buckling, and for members
braced against twisting, the average axial stress Pf A, in
compression members shall not exceed the following values of
17
JS a 801 - 1975
Fat ex~t as otherwise permitted by 6.6.1.l(b) !
1( L/r less than -=
c.
vQ.
F = 1:3 Q.F - 3 ( Q.F,)•
al 23 , 23 ,..• E
(A" l)
T
I

= 0·522 Q.F, - (QF, K L/r) a

12 500

K L/r equal to or greater than ~

12,..•E
Fai = 23 (K L/r) 1
10 680000
= (K L/r) 2
wher<>
Co = v2
P =total load;
11 2 E/F,;
A = foll unreduced cross-sectional area of the member;
Fa1 "'"' allowable average compression stress under concentric
loading;
E .:t.·= modulus of elasticity = 2 074 000 kgf/cm1 ;
K = effective length factor•;
L =~ unbraced length of member;
r =radius of gyration of full, unreduced cross section;
F,, --= yieid point of steel; and
Q = a factor determined as follows:
(1) For members composed entirely of stiffened elements,
Q is the ratio between the effective design area, as
determined from the effective design widths of such
elements, and the full or gross area of the cross
section. The effective design area used in determining
Q. is to be based upon the basic design stress F as
defined in 6.1.
(2) For members composed entirely of unstiffened ele-
ments, Qis the ratio between the allowable compression
stress F. for the weakest element of the cross section
(the element having the largest flat-width ratio) and
•Jn rrame1 where lateral stability ii provitled by diagonal br:icing, ahcar walls, attach-
ment to an adjacent struchue having adequate lateral 1tability, or by floor slahl or roor
<lecb ICCurcd hori;«>ntally by wa.111 or bracing l)'JtCIDI parallel to the plane Of the frame,
a;;d in 1l'l.lllcl the effccth e length ractor Ir for the compression members shall be taken as
unity, unless anal}'Sil shows that a 1mallcr value may bt: used. The effective lentrth EL of
rt..1mP.ret1ion mcmbcn in a frame which depends upon its own bending 1tiftilca for lateral
stability, shall bl'! determined by a rational method and shall not be lea than the actual
unbraced length.

18
 JS : 801 • 1975
the basic design stress, F, where Fo is defined in 6.2
and F is as defined in 6.1.
(3) For members composed of both stiffened and un-
stiffened elements the fac-tor Q. is the product of a
stress factor Q1 computed as outlined in (2) above
and an area factor Q.a computed as outlined in (1)
above, except that the stress upon which Q.a is to be
based shall be that value of the stress Fa which is used
in computing Q.8 , and the effective area to be used in
computing Q.a shall include the full area of all un-
stiffened elem~nts.
b) When the factor Q is equal to unity, the steel is 2·29 mm or
more in thickness and K L/r is less than C.:
[ I_ (K L/r)2 ] F,
1
2(C.) .,
Fa1 = 5 + 3 (K L/r) (K L/r) 3
3 lf (C.) 8 (c.)a
6.6.1.2 Singly-symmetric and nonsymmttric shapes of op1n cross section or
intermittmtly fastmtd singly-symmetrical components of built-up shajJls having Q.= l ·O
whit/a may b1 suh;ict tn torsional flexural buckling - For singly-symmetric or non-
symmetric shapes of open cross section or intermittently fastened singly-
symmetrical components of built-up shapes having Q.-1 ·0 which may be
subject to tonional-flexural buckling and which are not· braced against
twisting, the average axial stress P/A. shall not exceed Fa1 specified in 6.6.1.1
or Faa given below:
For an-o>O·S F1 :
F, s
Fa1 = 0·522 F., - 7.67 ~o
For C7Tro<0·5 F1 :
Fa 1 = 0·522 OTFo

where
Fa'l = allowable average compression stress under concentric loading,
a.nd
CJTFO = elastic tonional-ftexural buckling stress under concentric
loading which shall be determined as follows:
a) Sircgly-.symmatric shajJls - For members whose cross sections
have one axis of symmt'try (x-axis), an-o is less than
both O'ez and O't and is equal to:
C7TFO = 21p [(aex + O'J) - v(urx: + at) 1 - 4:11 uex: u,]
19
IS I 801 • 1975
where
'"• E
C7ex = (K L/rx) 2

a, = I
Aro2
[
GJ +
'"1
(KL)'
EC.,,]
f3 = I - (x 0 /r0 )'~.
A = cross-sectional area,
r0 = V'rx 2 + ry 2 + x0 2 =polar radius of gyration of cross
section about the shear centre,
rx, ry = radii of gyration of cross section .about centroidal
principal axes,
E =~ modulus of elasticity = 2 074 000 kgf/cm 2,
G = shear modulus = i95 000 kgf/cm2,
K ~ dfcctivc length factor,
L = unbraced length of compression member,
x0 = distance from shear centre to centroid along the
principal x-axis,
J - St Vcnant torsion constant of the cross section, cm'.
For thin walled sections composed of n segments of
uniform thickness,
+
] = (1/3) (/111 3 + 12123 + · · · •· • l1l13 • • • · + lntn3),
It = steel thickness of the member for segment i,
/ 1 = length of middle line of segment i, and
C.,, =--= warping constant of torsion of the cross section.
b) Nonsymmetric shapes - Shapes whose cross sections do not
have any symmetry, either about an axis or about a point,
uno shall be determined by rational analysis.
Alternatively, compression members composed of such
shapes may be tested in accordance with 9.
6.6.1.3 Singly-symmetric or nonsymmetric shapes or intermittently fasuned
singly-symmetrical components of built-up shapes having Q< 1·0 which are sub.feet to
torsional-:flexural buckling - Compression members composed of smgly-
symmetric, or nonsymmetric shapes or intermittently fastened singly-
symmetrical components of built-up shapes having Q < l ·O which are subject
to torsional-flexural buckling and which are not braced against twisting
can be conservatively proportioned by replacing F7 by QF7 in 6.6.1.2 or
their strength may be determined by tests in accordance with 9. Q is
defined in 6.6.1.1.
6.6.2 Bracing and Secondary Mtmbers - On the cross section of axially
loaded bracing and secondary members•, when L/r ratio exceeds 120, the
•A 1eCOndary member is one upon which the integrity of the structure aa a whole does
not depend. For this cue, Kia taken u unity.

20
 IS I 801 - 1975
allowable compression stress under concentric loading F.. i.hall be deter-
mined as follows:
Fa
F.. = L
l·3--
400r
In the above formula, the maximum stress Fa shall be determined
by 6.6.J.1 or 6.6.1.2 whichever is applicable.
6.6.3 Maximum SUnderntss Ratio - The slenderness ratio K L/r of com-
pres!ion memben shall not exceed 200, except that during construction
only, K L/r shall not exceed 300.
6. 7 Combiud ..b1al aad Beaclhlg Stresse•
6.'7 .I Dt111flly-Synurwtri& Slulpes or S/uifHs Not Subject to Torsional or Torsional-
Flexural Butklirtg - When subject to both axial compression and bending,
doubly-symmetric shapes or shapes which are not subject to torsional or
torsional-ftcxural buckling shall be proportioned to meet the following
requirements:
J. +
F.i

when
~· < 0· 15, the following formula may be used .in lieu of the above two
at formulae:
/a + ft1x + /b.,
<l ·O
F11 P';;
Fb.,
The subscripts 'x' and 'y' in the above formulae indicate the axis of
bending about which a particular stress or design property applies.
6.'7.2 Singly-Symm1tric ShafHs or lnurmiltent{y Fast1ned Szn,gly-Symmetric
Comporunts of Built-Up Shapes llavi'lfg Q = J·O Which May Be Subject to Torsional-
Fl1XUTal Bue/cling -- Singly-symmetric sha}>C' subject to both axial compression
and ·bending applied in the plane of symmetry shall be proportioned to mee't
the following four requirements as applicable:
a) fa + /bl Cm <; 1
Fa1 Fb.[1 - t~J
fa + /bl<; l
Fa; Fb1
21
IS i •t-1975
when
~a <: 0·15, the following formula may be used in lieu of the
at above two formulae:
fa +fu.::; l·O
Fa1 Fbt
b) If the point of application of the eccentric load is located on the side
of the centroid opposite from that of the shear centre, that is, if 1
is positive, then the average compression stress fa shall also not
exceed Fa given below:
For O'TF >0·5 F,:
Fa= 0·522 F.,
F.,•
7·67 O"fF
For UTF.(;0·5 F,:
Fa = 0·522 UTF
where
u1T shall be determined according to the formula:
..!!!. + CTF O'b1 = I ·O
O'lTO O'bT (I - ~)
c) Except for T- or unsymmetric I-sections, if the point of application
of the eccentric load is between the shear centre and the centroid,
that i!, if 1 is negative, and if Fa1 is larger than Fa1, then the average
compression stress fa shall also not exceed Fa given below:
,
Fa = Fa1 + -Xo (Faz - Fa1)
d) For T- and unsymmetric I-sections with negative eccentricities:
I) If the point of application of the eccentric load is between the
shear centre and the centroid, and if Fa1 is larger than Fa1, then
the average compression stress J. shall also not exceed Fa
given below:
,
Fa= Fa1 + -Jto (Fao -Fa1)
2) If the point of application of the ecl"entric load is located on the
.gide of the shear centre opposite from that of the centroid, then
the average compression stress fa shall also not exceed Fa
mven below:
e- . F.,•
O'TF>0·5 F.,, Fa= 0·522 F.,- 7.67 on
on.:::0·5 F.,, Fa= 0·522 on
22
 11 s 801 • 1975
where
aw shall be determined according to the formula:
..!!!.
C7ex
+ Cn-
abo
[~
1_ ~
- Ob•]= l·O
a•
In 6.7.2, • andy arc ccntroidal axes and the x-axis is the axis of symmetry
whose positive direction is pointed away from the shear centre.
In 6.7:
C111 = a coefficient whose value shall be taken as follows:
a) For compression members in frames subject to joint transla-
tion (sideway) C111 = 0·85.
b) For restrained compression members in frames braced
against joint translation and not subject to transverse load-
ing between their supports in the plane of bending
M
Cm= 0·6 - 0·4 M:' but not less than 0·4

where ~1 is the ratio of the smaller to larger moments

• I
at the ends of that portion of the memL. v, unbraced
in the plane of bending under consideration.
Z: is positive when the member is bent in reverse
curvature and negative when it is bent in single
curvature.
c) For compression members in frames braced against joint
translation ir. the plane of loading and subject to transverse
loading bctw~n their supports, the value of Cm may be
determined by rational analysis. However, in lieu of such
analysis, the following values may be used: · ( 1) for members
whose ends are restrained, Cm = 0·85, and (2) for members
whose ends are unrestrained, Cm = l ·O.
On -= a coefficient wh05C value shall be taken as follows:
a) For compression members in frames subject to joint tran'lla-
tion (sideway) CTF = 0·85.
b) For restrained compression members in frames braced
against joint translation and not subject to transverse load-
ing between their supports in the plane of bending
CTF == 0·6 - 0·4 Mi
M,
where M:
M
is the ratio of the smaller to larger moments

23
IS a 801 • 1975
at the end of that portion of the memben, unbraced
in the plane of bendins under consideration.
Mi is
Mi . pos1t1ve
. . wh en t h e member is
. b ent in reverse
curvature and negative when it 1s bent in single
curvature.
e - distance from the centroidal axis to the fibre with maximum
compression stress, negative when the fibre is on the shear
centre side of the centroid
d = depth of section
1 = eccentricity of axial load with respect to the ctntroidal ~.xis,
negative when on the shear c'!ntre side of the centroid
Fa = maximum average comprcuion stress
Fae - average allowable compression stress determined by both
re<\uirements 6.7.2(a) and 6.7.2(d)(2) if the point of appli-
cation of the eccentric load is at the shear centre, that is, the
calculated values of fa and Fa for e = x,
FaE - average allowable compression stress determined by require-
ments 6.7.2(a) if the point of application oftt&e eccentric load
is at the shear centre, that is, the calculated value off. fore = x•
Fao = allowable compression stress under concentric loading deter-
mined by 6.6.1.1 for L = 0
Fa1 = a!lowable compression ~tress under concentri<; loading accord-
ing to 6.6.1.1 for buckling in the plane of symmetry
Fa1 = allowable compression stress under concentric loading from
6.6.1.2
Fb = maximum bending stress in compression that is permitted by
this code where bending stress only exists (sn i.1, 6.2 and 6.3)
- maximum bending streaa in compression permitted by this
code where bending stress only exists and the possibility of
lateral buckling is excluded (1" 6.1 and &.2)
12 1 E
F', - 23 (K "'Lb/rb)• (may bc increas
· cd one-th'1rd JD
. accorda nee wi"th

6.1.2)
fa = axial stress = axial load divided by full crou-1ectional area of
member P/A.
fb = maximum bending stress = bending moment divided by appro-
priate section modulus of member M/S, noting that for
members having stiffened compression elements the section
modulus shall be based upon the effective desicn widths of such
elements

24
 IS : 801 • 1975
Ix• = moment of inertia of the compression portion of a section
about its axis of symmetry
I., = mom~nt of inertia of the section about the y-axis

J
· = _l_
2 J, JC
[Ix'
dA Jxy• dA] _
JC
+ Xo

where x is the axis of symmetry and y is orthogonal to x

K = effective length factor in the plane of bending
Lb - actual unbraced length in the plane of bending
Mc = -Aaex U + vi3 + r 0 2 {a,/uex)) =elastic critical moment caus-
ing compression on the shear centre side of the centroid
MT = -Aaex [j - vj 2 + rfl 2 (at/Uex)] =elastic critical moment caus-
ing tension on the shear centre side of the centroid
rb - radius of gyration about axis of bending
rxc = radius of gyratio.1 about the centroidal axis parallel to the
web of that portion of the I-section which is in compression
when there is no axial load
S,. - compression section modulus of entire section about axis normal
to axis of symmetry, !,/distance to extreme compression fibre
x0 = x coordinate vf the shear centre, negative
abc - Mc
T c = .
maximum .
compression bend"mg stress cause d by '"'C
11

For I-sections with unequal flanges abc may be approximated by

Tf1.Ed lxo

L1 Sro
abT = ~: c = maximum compression bending stress caused by MT
For I-sections with unequal flanges abT may be approximated by
.,.,t Ed fxo
L1 Sro
e-c h
-
,,.
ayp - - = maximum compression bending stress in t c

section caused by ayr

Xo C
C7b1 = C1'J'F ,,•
.,.,1 E

- average elastic torsional-flexural buckling.stress, that is, axial

load at which torsional-flexural buckling occurs dividrd by the
full cross-sectional area of member
25
JS I •1·1975
.A, E, '•• r,, au, a,, O'TFO arc as defined in 6.6.1.2.
1.7.3 Sing{l-Symtn1tri& Sha/JU or 1nlmnittmt(1 Faslnlld Si"I~"""""" C.....
JNnWnls of Built-Up Sha/Jls Having Cl.< l·O Whieh Mtg & Srlbjm to Torsinal·
Flmual Bue/cling - If Q.< l ·0 singly-symmetric shapes or intermittently
fastened singly-symmetric components of built-up shapes subject to both
axial cQmpression and bending applied in the plane of symmetry can be
conservatively proportioned by replacing F, by Qf, in 6.7.2, or their
strength may be determined by tests in accordance with 9. Q. is defined
in 6.6.1.1.
6.7.4 Singly-Symm1trie Shapes Which ,A,, NMU,1tnm1trical(11Aatlld- Singly-
symmetric shapes subject to both axial compression and bending applied
out of the plane of symmetry shall be designed according to 9.2.
6.8 Cylladrical Tabalar Memben la Compre•dcm or Ba•••s-
For cylindrical tubular members with a rati;> D/I of mean diameter to wall
thickness not greater than 232 000/F,, the compression stress shall not
exceed the basic design stress F.
For cylindrical tubular members with a ratio D/t of mean diameter to
wall thickness larger than 232 000/F, but not greater than 914 000/F., the
compression stress shall not exceed
46540
Fr = D/I + 0·399 F,

For compression members the aHowable stress P/A. under axial load
shall also not exceed Fa1 as prescribed by 6.6.1.1 for Q. - 1.
7. CONNECTIONS
7.1 Geaeral-C.Onnections shall be designed to transmit the maximum
stress in the connected member with proper regard for eccentricity. In
the case of members subject to reversal of streS's, except if caused by wind
or earthquake loads, the connection shall be proportioned for the sum of the
stresses.
7.2 WeW.
7.2.1 Fusion Wilds- Fusion welds shall be proportioned so that stresses
therein do not exceed the following values:
SJMifad Minimum Yield Pmnissibt. Slrus in
Point of LoWlll Strmgth Shlar on Tlaroot of Filk'
Stnl Bnng JoiJ&ltl or Plug Wilds
kgf/cm' kgf/cm1
<2500 . 955
> 2 500 but <;3 500 I 100
>3500 I 250

26
 IS I 801-1975
The allowable stress in tension or compression on butt welds shall be the
same as prescribed for the lower grade of the base metals being joined,
provided the welds arc of full penetration type and the yield strength of
the filler metal is equal to or greater than the yield strength of the base
metal. Stresses due to eccentricity of loading, if any, shall be combined
with the primary stresses, and the combined stresses shall not exceed the
values given above.
Stresses in a fillet weld shall be considered as shear on the throat for
any direction of the applied stress. Neither plug nor slot welds shall be
assigned any value in resistance to any stresses other than shear.
7.2.2 Resistanc1 W1ldf - In sheets joined by spot welding the allowable
shear per spot shall be as follows:
Thicknm ef Allowable SMar Thicknm of Allowable Slwar
Thinnest Ouuiu Strength per Thinn11t Outfiu Strength p.r
S/wet Spot SMet Spot
(1) (2) (1) (2)
nun kg mm kg
0·25 23 2·00 489
0·50 57 2·50 625
0·80 102 2·80 750
1·00 159 3·15 909
1·25 239 500 1 818
1·60 330
Non -The above values are based upon AWS C-1.1-66 'Recommended practices for
rcaiatance welding', issued by the American Welding Societr, and apply to pulsation
welding as well as apot welding. They are applicable for al structural grades of low
carbon steel, and are based on a factor of safety of approximately 2·5 applied to selected
values from AWS C-1.1-66 Tables I.I and 1.3. Values for intermediate thicknesses may
be obtained by straight line interpolation. The above values may also be applied to
medium carbon and low alloy steels. Spot welds in such steels give somewhat higher
t,hear strengths than thOle upon which the above values are based, however, they may
require special welding conditions. In all c:uea welding shall be performed in accordance
with IS: 819-l9S7•.
7.3 Conaectiag Two Cli.•nnel• to Form an I-Section - The maximum
permissible longitudinal spacing of welds or other connectors, SMax joining
two channels to form an I-section shall be:
a) For Compr1uion M1mb1rf:
L Tcr
SMax = -2-
'1
where
L '= unbraced length of comp1·ession members;
•Code or practice for resistance spot welding ror light assemblies in mild steel.

27
 IS I •1-1975
r•., = radius of gyration of one channel about its centroidal
axis parallel to web; and
r 1 = radiu.o; of gyration of I-section about the axli. perpendi-
cular to the direction in which buckling would occur
for the given conditions of end support and intermediate
bracing, if any.
b) For Flexural !vl1mb1rs:
SMax = L/6
In no ccr.sc shall the spacing exceed the value
S.\lax= 2 --
g T8
mq
where
L - span of beam;
g -- vertical distance between the two rows of connections
near or at top and bottom flanges;
r. = strength of connection in tension;
m = distance of shear centre of channel from mid-plane of
the web, for siruple channels without stiffening lips at the
outer edges,
w,1
m= 2 Wt + d/3 ; and
q :::; intensity of load on beam (m 7 .3.1).
.
For C-shapcd channels with stiffening lips at the outer edges,

"' = w.; :~ [ w, d + 2 di ( d - 43':;)]

where
w, = projection of flanges from inside face or web (for
channels with flanges of unequal width, w1 shall be
taken as the width of the wider flange);
d - depth of channel or beam;
d1 - overall depth of lip; and
Ix = moment of inertia of one channel about its centroidal
axis normal to the web.
7.3.1 Th~ intensity of load q is obtained by dividing the magnitude of
concent1·ate<l loads or reactions by the length of bearing. For beams design-
ed for a uniformly distributed load, the intensity q shall be taken equal
, t'"' three times the intensity of the uniformly distributed design load. If
the length of bearing of a concentrated load or reaction is smaller than the
weld spacing, s, the required strength of the welds or connections closest
to the load or reaction P, is
T1 = Pm/2 g
28
 IS I 801 - 1975
7 .3.2 Thi! required limited spacing of connections SMax depends upon the
intensity of the load directly at the connt:clion. Therefore, if uniform
spacing of connections is us<~d over the whole length of the beam, it shllll be
drtermined at the point of maximum local load intensity. In cases where
this procedure would result in uneconomically close spacing either l·f the
following methods may be ~dopted:
a) The connection spacing may be varied along the beam according
to the variation of the load intensity; or
b) Reinforcing cover plates may be welded to the ftanges at points
where concentrated loads occur. The strength in shear of the
connections joining these plates to the flanges shall then be used
for T 8 and g shall represent the depth of the beam.·
7.4 Spadng of Connections in Compression Element• - 111e spacing
s in line of stress of welds, rivets, or bolts connecting a compression
cover plate or sheet to a non-integral stiffener or other element shall not
exceed:
a) that which is required to transmit the shear between the connected
parts on the basis of the design strength per connc.ction .specified
in 7.2; nor
b) 1 680 t/ v'J, where t is thickness of cover plate or sheet, and f is
design stress in cover plate or sheet; nor
c) three times the flat width w of the narrowest umtiffened compression
element in that portion of the cover plate or sheet which is tributary
to the connections, but need not be less than l 590 t/ v'F; if the value
of Fe permitted in the unstiffened element is grt·ater than 0·54 F., or
1 910 t/ v'Fr if the value of Fe permitted in the unstiffcned element
is 0·54 F1 or less, unless closer i.pacing is required under (a) c.r
(b) above.
In the case of intermittent fillet welds parallel to the direction
of stress the spwng shall be taken as the clear dio;tancc between
welds plus 13 mm. In all other cases the spacing shall be taken as
centre to centre distance between connections.
&e1ption: The requirements of this clause do not apply to cow-r
sheets which act only as sheathing.material and are not
considered as load carrying clements.
7.5 Bolted Comaectloa• -The following requirements govern bolted
connections of cold formed steel structural members.
7.5.l Minimum Spacing antl Edge Distance in line of Strus -The clear
distance b~twecn bolts which arc arranged in rows parallel to the direction
of force, also the distance from the centre of any bolt to that end or other
boundary of the connecting member towards which the pressure of the bolt

29
JS i •1-1975
is directed shall not be less than l ·5 d nor Jess than P/{0·6 F., t)
where
d ·= diameter of bolt,
P = force transmitted by bolt,
t = thickness of thinnest connected sheet, and
F., = yield point.
7 .5.2 Tension Stress on Net Section - The tension stress on the net section
of a bolted connection shaJI not exceed 0·6 F., nor shall it exceed:
{l ·O - 0·9 r +
3 rd/s) 0·6 F.,
where
r - the force transmitted by the bolt or bolts at the section con-
sidered, divided by the tension force in the member at that
section. If r is less than 0·2, it may be t?.ken equal to zero;
s = spacing of bolts perpendicular to Jinc of stress. Jn the case
of a single bolt, s is equal to the width of sheet; and
d and Fy are defined in 7.5.1.
7 .5.3 Bearing Stress in Bolted Connections - The bearing stress on the area
(d X t) shaJI not exceed 2· l F.,•.
7.5.4 Shear Stress on Bolts - Shear stress on the gross cross-sectional area
of bolt, under dead and live load, shall not exceed the following values:
Precision and semi-precision bolts 970 kgf/cm 2
Black bolts 820 kgf/cm 2
Steel conforming to property class 4.6 I 060 kgf/cm 2
oflS: 1367-1967f

8. BRACING REQ.UIREMENTS
8.0 Structural members and assemblies of cold-formed steel construction
shall be adequately braced in accordance with good engineering .practice.
The following provisions cover ccrtain special cases and conditions.
8.1 Wall Stud• - TI1e safe load-carrying capacity of a stud may be com-
puted on the basis that wall material or sheathing (attached to the i.tud)
furnishes adequate lateral support to the stud in the plane of the wall,
provided the wall material and its attachments to the stud comply with the
following requirements:
a) Wall or shrathing shall be attached to both faces or Ranges of the
studs being braced;
b) The maximum spacing of attachments of wall material to the stud
being braced shall not exceed aMu: as determined from the formula:
•If the ratio of tensile strength to yield point is less than 1·35, a stress equal to the Jpecified
minimum tensile strength of the material divided by 1·35 shall be used instead of F., in apply-
ing the provisions or 7.5.1, 7.5.2 and 7.5.3.
tTechnical supply conditions for threaded futenen (foll rnision).

30
 IS 801-1975

0Max
A2 F,2
The sl("ndf'rne~s ratio of th<' 5tud between attachmenh afr 2 shall
not exceed ~~ 1 • Therefore, the ~pacing of attachments shall not
exceed that ~pl'cifif'<l
above nor ~h,111 it exrrf'd:
L '2
a:1.1ai.. = - -
2 '1
c) The minimum modulus of cla~tic support 1.·., to he exertf'd laterally
by the wall material and its attachment in order to brace the stud,
~hall not be less than
_ f~ 2 a A2
Aw= 8 E 12
<l) The lateral force in kg which each ~inglc atta< hmf'nt of the wall
material shall lif' rapahk of cx1·rting on the \tud in the plane of
the wall (in ordf'r to prl'V<"nt lateral buckling of thr ~tud) shall not be
kss than
p . - .1i.·.. PR L/240
Min- .. •
VE 12 .h.,Ja-Ps
In thr above formulae:
a 0- actual spacing of attac.hments of wall material to stud
measurl'd along the length of stud (a = I for continuous
attachlllcnt);
A arl'a of cross section of stud;
E modulus of elasticity -= 2 074 000 kgf/cm~;
F., yield point of steel in stud;
/1 moment of inertia of ero~s section of stud about its axis
parallel to wall;
/ 2 moment of inertia of cross section of stud about its axis
pnpendicular to wall;
.It",,, modulus of ela5tic support of wall matt>rial (on each side of
stud) and its attachments. 'l11is is, K., -= P/e where Pis the
force which produces an elongation of e in a strip of wall
material of width a and of length equal to the distance
between adjacent studs. In paragraphs (b) and (d), K.., is
the modulus actually provided as determined from tests.
In paragraph (c), K., is the minimum required for a given
spacing of attachments;
I. - length of stud;
P. design load on stud;
'1 - radius of gyration of stud about its axis parallel to wall
= Vii/A;
'• = radius of gyration of stud about its axis perpendicular to wall
= VI.IA·
31
• I 801 ·1975
8.2 l"!le•-el and Z-SectlOIUI V.ed - Beam• -The following provisions
for the bracing against twist, of chan11cl and Z-sections used as beams apply
only when: (a) ,neither flange is connected to deck or sheathing material in
such a manner a.<1 to effectively restrain lateral deflection of the connected
flange, and (b) such mcmben are loaded in the plane of the web*.
8.2.1 ;';pacing of Braces - Braces shall be attached both to thr. top and
bottom flanges of the sections at the ends and at intervals not greater than
one-quarter of the span length in such a manner ac; to prevent tipping at the
ends and lateral deflection of either flange in either direction at intermediate
braces. If one-third or more of the total load on the beams is concentrated
over a· Jeng~h of one-twelfth or less of the span of the beam, an additional
brace shall be placed at or near the centre of this loaded length.
8.2.2 Design of Braces - Each intermediate brace, at top and bottom
flange, shall be designed to resist a lateral force P1 determined as follows:
a) For a uniformly loaded beam P 1 = l ·5 K' times the load within a
di<1tance 0·5 a each side of the brace.
b) For concentrated loads P 1 = l ·O K' times the concentrated load P
within a distance 0·3 a each side of the brace, plus ~:~ ( 1 - -~) PK'
for each such concentrated load P located farther than 0·3 a but
not farther than l ·O a from the brace.
In the above formulae:
For channels:
K' = m/tl
where •
m - distance from shear centre to mid-plane of the
web, as specified in 7 .3; and
d - depth of channel.
For Z-sections:
K' = lu/lx
where
lu - product of inertia of f'ull section about centroidal
axis parallel and perpendicular to web, and
Ix = moment of inertia of full section about centroidal
axis perpendicular to web.
For channels and Z-sections:
:c = distance from concentrated lol\d P to trace, and
a = length of bracing inLerval.
•When only one flange is connected to a deck or sheathing material to effectively restrain
lateral ddlec:tion of the connected flange, bracing may or may not be needed to prevent
twisting of the member, depending upon the dimension.• of the member and span and upon
whether the unconnected flange ia in comprcuion or tenlion.

32
 IS I 801 • 1975
l$ml braca ahall be deslgned for one-half of the above forces. Braces
shall be designed to avoid local crippliqg at the points of attachment to
the member.
8.2.3 Allowab/6 Smss11- For channels and Z-bcams intermediately braced
according to the requirements of 8.2.1 and 8.2.2 the maximum compression
stress shall be that specifie4 in 6.3, except that the length of the bracing
interval, a, shall be 1.1Scd instead of the length Lin the formulae of6.3.
8.3 Laterally Uaabraced Box Beam•- For closed box type sections used
as beams subject to bending about the major axis, the ratio of the laterally
unsupported length to the distance betwt"en the webs. of the section shall
not exceed 175 700/F.,.
9. TEST FOR SPECIAL CASES
9.1 General
9.1.1 Where the composition or configuration of elemc-nts, assemblie.c;,
or details of cold-formed steel structural members are such that calculation
of their safe load-carrying capacity or deflection cannot be made in accord-
ance with 5 to 8 of this code, their structural performance shall be estahli.,hed
from tests and evaluated as specified in 9.2.
9.1.2 Tests for determination of mechanical properties of full sections to
be med in 6.1.1.1 shall be made as specified in 9.3.1.
9.1.3 Tests for determining mechanical properties of flat clements of
f'onned sections and representative mechanical properties of virgin steel to be
used in 6.1.1.1 shall be made in accordance with the provisions of 9.3.2
and 9.3.3.
9.1.4 The provisions of 9 do not apply to light gauge steel diaphragms.
9.l.5 Tests shall be nwie by an independent testing laboratory or by a
manufacturer's testing laboratory.
9.1.6 Tensile testing procedures shall be according to I~ : 1608-1972•.
9.2 Evalaadoa ol Te•t• for Determining Structural Performance -
Where tests are necessary for the purposes defined in 9.1.1 they shall be
.,,n.iuated in accordance with the folJowing proceduret:
a) Where practicable, evaluation of test results shall be made on the
basis of the mean values resulting from tests of not fewer than three
identical specimens, provided the deviation of any individual test
result from the mean value obtained from all tests does not exceed
±10 percent. If such deviation from the mean exceeds 10 percent
•Method for tensile teltiog of steel productl other than sheet, strip, wire and tube.
fThc teat evaluation procedurc1 and load facton specified in 9.2 arc not applicable to
coa&rmatory teltl of members and auemblica whose propertica can be calculated ac:cordiDg
to 5 to I for the latter, the code providca generally a safety factor of 5/9.

33
18. •1-1975
at least three more tests of the same kind shall be made. 'I1ae
average of the three lowest values qf all tests made shall then be
regarded as the 1·e5ult of the series of tests.
b) Determinations of allowable load-carrying capacity shall be made
on the basis that the member, assembly, or connection shall be
capable of sustaining a total load, including the weight of the test
specimen, equal t.o twice the live load plus one-and-a-half the dead
load without failure. Where the governing design load is due in
whole or part to wind, earthquake loads, or combined forces, the
foregoing load facton shall be reduced by dividing by 1i in accord-
ance with 6.1.2.
Furthermore, harmful local distortions which interfere with the
proper functioning of the member or assembly or its connections
shall not develop during the test at a total load, including the we~ht
of the test specimen, equal to the dead load plus Ii times the live
load.
c) In evaluating test results, due consideration shall be given to any
differences that may exist betweea the yield point of steel from
which the tested sections are formed and the minimum yield point
specified for the steel which the manufacturer intends to use.
Consideration shall also be given to any variation or difference
which may exist between the design thickness and the thiclncss of the
specimens used in the tests.
9.3 Tfft• lor Determining Meclaaalcal Propertle• of Formed 8ecdoa
ol l'lat Material
9.3.1 Full S1ction T1sts - These provisions arc intended to apply only to
the determination of the mechanical properties of full formed sections for
Jic purposes defined in 9.1.2. They are not to be construed as permitting
the use of test procedures instead of the usual design calculations. Tests to
determine mechanical prop~rties shall be conducted in "ccordance with the
following:
a) For ten•ile yield point determinations refer to 9.1.6.
b) Compressive yield point determinations shall be made by means of
compression tests* of short specimens of the section and shall be taken
as the smaller value of either the maximum compressive strength of
the section divided by the cr<>Y-sectional area or the stress defined
by one of the following methodS:
I) For sharp yielding steel the yield point shall be determined by the
autQgl'apbic diagram method or by the total strain under load
method,
2) For gradual yielding steel the yield point shall be determined by
the strain under load method or by the 0·2 percent ofliet method.
--------
•s. Appendix A for recommendation• regarding detail• oC compreaion tating.

34
 IS s 801 • 1975
When the total strain under load methocf is us<'d, there shall
be cvidenc:-e that the yield :·oint so d<>termint·<l agr<"cs substan-
tially with the yield point which would l>t~ detcrminc<l by the
0·2 percent omt't method. The methods dest·rihed above shall
agree in general with IS: 1608-1972•.
c) Where tht' principal dfoct of th<" loading to which the member will
hr !.ubjected in 11ervic<' will l w to produce hending strcssci., the yield
r »int shall he det("rmim·d for the flanges only. 1I\ t!ctt·rmining such
yield point tests sha:t lw made on specimc-n'\ cut from the sectioa.
Earh such spcTirnen shall consist of one .complct<" flange plus a por-
tion of th1~ web of such flat-width ratio that the value ot Q for the
specimen is unity.
d) For acceptance and control purpo"cs, two full section tests shall be
made from each lot of not mor•· than 50 tonne!. nor less than
30 tonnes of t"ach sr.ction, or on1· test from each lot of less than
30 tonnes of each section. For this purpo"e a lot may he defined
as that tonnag1! of one section that is formed in a single production
run of material from one heat or blow.
e) At the option of the manufacturer, either tension or compression
tests may be used for routine ·acceptance and control purpOSl'..s,
provided the manufacturer d<:monstrates that such tests reliably
indicate the yield point of the section when subjected to tbe kind of
stress under which the member is to be u·~ed.
9.3.2 Te.sts of Flat Elements of Formed Sections - The yield point of flats
F.,, s!1~lll ht: established by means of a wei~htr.d av<:rage of the yield points
of standard tensile coupons taken longitudinally from the flat portions of a
represt'ntative cold-formed member. The weighted average shall be the
sum of the products of the avt"rage yield point for each flat portion times the
ratio of the cross-sectional area of that flat portion to the total area of flats
in the cross section. The exact number of such coupon'l will depend on the
shapr of the member, that is, on the number of flats in the cross section. At
least one temile coupm1 shall be taken from the middle of each flat. If the
~r.tual virgin yield point exceeds the .~pecified minimum yield point, the
yield point of the flats F.,, shall be aclj11stt'cl by multiplying the test values
by the ratio of the specified minimum yi<'l<l point to the actual virgin
yield point.
9.3.3 Acref>lanu and Control Tests for Mechanical ProjJtrties of Virgin Stttl -
This provision applies to steel produced to other than IS : l079-1973f
when used in sections for which the increasc-d yield point and ulti-
mate strength of the steel after cold forming are computed from the
virgin steel propertil!S according to 6.1.1.1. For acceptance and control

•Method for tensile testing of steel products (fir.fl rtr•ision).

fSpeci6cation for hot rolled carbon steel she-ct and strip (thirJ m·ision).

35
IS I •1-1975
purposes, at least four te1..Ule specimens shall be taken from each lot as
defined in 9.3.l(d) for the establishment of the reprcsenta'tivc values of the
virgin ten'lile yield point and ultimate strength. Specimens shall be taken
longitudinally from the quarter points of the width near the outer end of the
coil.

APPENDIX A
COMP~SION TESTING

(Clause 9.3)
A-1. It is recommended that stud column tests be made on flat-end speci-
mens whose length is not less than three times the largest dimension or the
llCCtion except that it shall be not more than 20 times the least radius of
gyration.
If tests of ultimate compressive strength arc to be used to check yield point
for quality control purposes, the length of the section should not be less than
15 times the least radius of gyration.
It is important, in making com~ression tests, that care be exerclied in
centering the specimen in the testing machine so that the load is applied
concentrically with respect to the ccntroidal axis of the section.
A-2. For further information regarding comprcuion testing, reference may
be made to the following publications:
ASTM E9 Standard method of compression testing of metallic materials
at room temperature issued br the American Society for Testing and
Materials.
Technical memoranda No. 2 and 3 of the Column .Research Council.
'Notes on Compression Testing of Materials' and 'Stub-Column Tr.st
Procedures' reprinted in the Column R.csearch Council Guide to
Design Criteria for Metal Compression Mcmben. 2nd Ed. 1966.

36
 IS I •·lt75
(Cali-'fo-,.,, 2)
Panel for Use of Light Gauge Cold Formed Sections in Structural
Engineering, SMBDC 7 : P-26
c.....,, RlfwlJlltlini
s.... c. IALMU. .AMAIOAN Raearch Doip It Standardl Orpnizalion,
Lucknow
M ....,
Sul B. N. DAI Tube Producll of India, Madras
RanaawrAnva Tata Engineering I: Locomotive Co, Jamshed!>..ir
Ruaa&NTATIV& lntesral Coach Factory, Pcrumbur

97
 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Helldqu•rt,,,..._
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephone•: 323 0131, 323 3375, 323 9402 Fax:+ 91 011 3234062, 3239399, 3239382
E - mall : bis@vsnl.com. Internet : http://wwwdel.vsnl.net.inJbis.org

Centnll Labon1tory: Telephone

Plot No. 2019, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Sahlbabad 201010 4noo 32
Regional Offlt:n:
Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadt.lr Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 323 76 17
*Eastern : 1/14 CIT Scheme VII, V.1.P. Road, Kankurgachl, CALCUTTA 700054 337 86 62
Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43
Southern: C.l.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 235 23 15
tWestem : Manakafaya, E9, MIDC, Behind Marol Telephone Exchange, 832 92 95
Andheri (East), MUMBAI 400093
Br•nch Offlcn:
'Pushpak', Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 380001 550 13 48
iPeenya Industrial Area, ht Stage, Bangafore-Tumkur Road, 839 49 55
BANGALORE 560058
Commerdal-eum-Olfic:e Complex, Opp. Dushera Maidan, E-5 Arera Colony, 72 34 52
Bittan Market, BHOPAL 462016
62/63, Ganga Nagar, Unit VI, BHUBANESWAR 751001 40 36 27
5th Floor, Koval Towers, 44 Bala Sundaram Road, COIMBATORE 641018 218835
Plot No. 58, Neelam Bata Road, NIT, FARIDABAD 121001 42 82 60
Savitri Complex, 116 G.T. Road, GHAZIABAD201001 47119 98
53/5 Ward No.29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, Apurba Sinha Path, 54 11 37
GUWAHATI 781003
5-8-56C, L.N. Gupta Marg, Nampalfy Station Road, HYDERABAD 500001 320 10 84
E-52, Chltranjan Marg, C· Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 3738 79
117/418 B, Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 216876
Seth Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Klshore Road, 218923
LUCKNOW 226001
NIT Building, Second Floor, Gokulpat Marl<et, NAGPUR 440010 52 51 71
Patliputra Industrial Eatate, PAlNA 800013 262808
Rrst Floor, Plot Nos. 657-660, Market Yard, Gultekdl, PUNE 411037 42686 59
'Sahajanand House' 3rd Floor, Bhaktinagar Circle, 80 Feet Road, 3782 51
RAJKOT 360002
T.C. No. 14/1421, lkMrsily P. O. Palayam, nilRWANANlHAPUAAM 695034 3221 04

*Sales Office Is at 5 Chowrlnghee Approach, P.O. Prlncep Street, 23710 85

CALCUTTA 700072
tSates Office fa at Novelty Chambers, Grant Roaf, MUMBAI 400007 3096528
isates Office la at 'F' Block, Unity Bulldlng, Nar•hlmaraja Square, 222 39 71
BANGALORE 560002
Prinred al Dl-.e Kay Prinlcrs. New Delhi