MODULATION TECHNIQUES

Demodulators

1st Edition – Type V 0131

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Order No.: V 0131

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V 0131 List of Contents I

List of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1. Fundamental Theory of Modulation Technology – Demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2. Filter Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.1 Theoretical Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.2 Measuring the Frequency Response of Different Low-Pass Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.3 Measurements on an Integrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3. Amplitude Modulation – Demodulation

3.1 Theoretical Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.2 Demodulation of AM Signals by Envelope Curve Rectification (Incoherent Method) . . . . . . . . 25

3.3 Demodulation of AM-DSB Signals (Coherent Method) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.4 Demodulation of AM Single Sideband Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

3.5 Demodulation of AM Signals with PLL Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

4. Angle Modulation Techniques – Demodulation

4.1 Theoretical Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

4.2 Demodulation of Frequency Modulated Signals with a C-Discriminator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

4.3 Demodulation of Frequency Modulated Signals with a Count Discriminator . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

4.4 PLL (Phase Locked Loop) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

4.5 Demodulation of Frequency Modulated Signals with a PLL Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

4.6 Demodulation of Phase Modulated Signals with a PLL Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

4.7 Demodulation of Pulse Frequency Modulated Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

5. Digital Modulation Techniques – Demodulation

5.1 Theoretical Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

5.2 Demodulation of Amplitude Shift Keying Signals (ASK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

5.3 Demodulation of Frequency Shift Keying Signals (FSK) with the PLL Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

5.4 Demodulation of Frequency Shift Keying Signals (FSK) with the C-Discriminator . . . . . . . . . 91

5.5 Demodulation of Phase Shift Keying Signals (PSK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

II List of Contents V 0131

6. Pulse Modulation Techniques – Demodulation

6.1 Theoretical Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

6.2 Demodulation of a Pulse Amplitude Modulated Signal with a Low-Pass Filter . . . . . . . . . . . 105

6.3 Demodulation of a PAM Signal with Sample and Hold Stage and Low-Pass Filter . . . . . . . . 110

6.4 Time-Division Multiplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

6.5 Demodulation of a Stereo Signal with a Switch Decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

7. Pulse Code Modulation – Demodulation

7.1 Theoretical Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

7.2 Transmission of DC Voltage Values with a PCM System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

7.3 Transmission of a Sinusoidal Signal with a PCM System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

7.4 Time-Division Multiplexing and PCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

7.5 Quantization Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

8. Delta Modulation – Demodulation

8.1 Theoretical Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

8.2 Demodulation of Delta Modulated Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

8.3 Overload Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

8.4 Transmission of Delta Modulated Signals with PSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 1 ... S 76

Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 1 ... A 3