Name: _____________________________________________ Score: _______________

Section: __________________________
There is direct variation whenever s situation produces pairs of
numbers in which their ration is constant. The statements:
“𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥”
“𝑦 is directly proportional to 𝑥” and
“𝑦 proportional to 𝑥”
maybe translated mathematically as 𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙, where 𝒌 is the constant of
variation.
For two quantities, 𝑥 and 𝑦, an increase in 𝑥 causes an increase in 𝑦 as
well. Similarly, a decrease in 𝑥 causes a decrease in 𝑦.

ACTIVITY 1: Give the equation or formula for each of the following. Write
your answer in the space provided before each number.
______________1. The circumference (C) of a circle varies directly as the
diameter (d).
______________2. The perimeter (P) of a square varies directly as the length
of its side (s).
______________3. The score (S) on the test varies directly to the number of
hours (h) spent in studying.
______________4. The salesman commission (C) is directly proportional to
his sales (s).
______________5. Bus fares (F) vary with the distance (d) travelled.
______________6. The number of baby dresses (B) produced varies with the
number of sewers (s).
______________7. The cost (C) of a book varies with the number of pages (p).
______________8. The daily income (I) of water station varies with the
number of gallons of water consumed in a day.
______________9. The cost (C) of a chicken varies directly as its weight (w).
______________10. The weight (w) of an athlete is directly proportional to his
height (h).
Example 1: If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 24 when 𝑥 = 6, find the constant
of variation and the equation of variation.
Solution:
a. Express the statement “𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥” as 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥.
b. Solve for 𝑘 by substituting the given values in the equation.
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥
24 = 𝑘(6)
24 𝑘(6)
=
6 6
𝑘 = 4, therefore, the constant of variation is 4.
c. Form the equation of the variation by substituting 4 in the statement:
𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙

ACTIVITY 2: Find the constant of variation and the direct variation equation
if 𝒚 varies directly as 𝒙.

Constant of Variation (𝒌) Equation

1. 𝑦 = 8 when 𝑥 = 16

2. 𝑦 = 3 when 𝑥 = 5

3. 𝑦 = 12 when 𝑥 = 2

4. 𝑦 = 6 when 𝑥 = 4

5. 𝑦 = 9 when 𝑥 = 45
Example 2: If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 35 when 𝑥 = 7, what is the value
of 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 25?
Solution:
a. The equation of variation is 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥.
b. Solve for 𝑘 35 = 𝑘(7)
35 𝑘(7)
=
7 7
𝑘=5
c. Hence, the equation of variation is 𝑦 = 5𝑥
d. Solving for 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 25 25 = 5𝑥
25 5𝑥
=
5 5
𝑥=𝟓

ACTIVITY 3: Answer the following:

1. If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥, and 𝑦 = 35 when 𝑥 = 14, find 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 16.

2. If 𝑎 varies directly as 𝑏, and 𝑎 = 15 when 𝑏 = 20, find 𝑎 when 𝑏 = 32.

3. Elvin worked for three days and was paid ₱870.00. In how many days will
he work if he is to be paid an amount of ₱2,900.00?
Inverse variation occurs whenever a situation produces pairs of
numbers whose product is constant.
For two quantities, 𝑥 and 𝑦, an increase in 𝑥 causes a decrease in 𝑦 or
𝒌
vice versa. We can say the 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 or 𝒚 = 𝒙, where 𝑘 is
the constant of variation.

ACTIVITY 4: Express the following as an equation in which 𝑘 represents the

constant of variation. Write your answer in the space provided before each
number.
______________1. At a constant voltage, the electric current (I) varies
inversely as the resistance (R).
______________2. The volume (V) of a gas at a constant temperature varies
inversely as the pressure (P).
______________3. Atmospheric pressure (P) varies inversely as the altitude
(h).
______________4. The time (t) required to travel a given fixed distance is
inversely proportional to the rate (r).
______________5. The intensity of illumination (I) on a book varies inversely
as the square of the distance (d) from the source of light.
______________6. The altitude (h) of a triangle with the constant area varies
inversely as its base (b).
______________7. The temperature (T) at which water boils varies inversely
as the number of feet (h) above the sea level.
______________8. The altitude (h) of a cylinder with the constant volume
varies inversely as the area of its base (Ab).
______________9. The number of revolutions (r) of two pulleys is inversely
proportional to their diameters (d).
______________10. The number of hours (h) required to complete a certain
job varies inversely as the number of machines (m) used to
do the work.
Example 1: Find the equation and solve for k: y varies inversely as x and y = 6
when x = 18.

Solution:
𝑘
The relation y varies inversely as x translate to 𝑦 = . Substitute the
𝑥
𝑘
values to find k: 𝑦=𝑥
𝑘
6 = 18
𝑘 = (6)(18)
𝑘 = 108
108
The equation of variation is 𝑦 = 𝑥

ACTIVITY 5: If 𝒚 varies inversely as 𝒙, find the constant of variation and the

inverse variation equation of each item.

Constant of Variation (𝒌) Equation

1. 𝑦 = 6 when 𝑥 = 3

2. 𝑦 = 16 when 𝑥 = 9

3. 𝑦 = 3 when 𝑥 = 18

4. 𝑦 = 20 when 𝑥 = 15

5. 𝑦 = 17 when 𝑥 = 34
Example 2: If 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 10 when 𝑥 = 2, find 𝑦 when
𝑥 = 10?

Solution: Solve for 𝑘 𝑘 = 𝑥𝑦

𝑘 = (2)(10)
𝑘 = 20
20
The equation of variation is 𝑦 = 𝑥
Next, find y when x = 10 by substituting the value of x in the eq.
20
𝑦= 𝑥
20
𝑦 = 10
𝑦=2

ACTIVITY 6: Answer the following:

1. If 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥, and 𝑦 = 10 when 𝑥 = 5, find 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 15.

2. If 𝑎 varies inversely as 𝑏, and 𝑎 = 12 when 𝑏 = 8, find 𝑎 when 𝑏 = 6.

3. The number of days needed in repairing a house varies inversely as the

number of men working. It takes 15 days for 2 men to repair the house. How
many men are needed to complete the job in 6 days?
 𝒂
The statement “𝑎 varies jointly as 𝑏 and 𝑐 means 𝑎 = 𝑘𝑏𝑐 or 𝒌 = 𝒃𝒄,
where 𝑘 is the constant of variation.

ACTIVITY 7: Translate each statement into mathematical sentence. Use 𝑘 as

the constant of variation. Write your answer in the space provided before each
number.
______________1. The area (A) of a rectangle varies jointly as its length (l)
and width (w).
______________2. The force (F) applied to an object varies jointly as the mass
(m) and the acceleration (a).
______________3. The volume (V) of a pyramid varies jointly as the area of
the base (B) and the altitude (h).
______________4. The area (A) of a parallelogram varies jointly as the base
(b) and altitude (a).
______________5. The appropriate length (l) of a rectangular beam varies
jointly as its width and its depth (d).

Example: If z varies directly as x and inversely as y, and z = 9 when x = 6 and

y = 2, find z when x = 8 and y = 12.
𝑘𝑥
Solution: The equation is 𝑧 = 𝑦
Solve for 𝑘 by substituting the first set of values of 𝑧, 𝑥, and 𝑦 in the equation.
𝑘𝑥
𝑧= 𝑦
𝑘(6)
9 = 2
𝑘=3
Now, solve for z when x = 8 and y = 12
3𝑥
𝑧=
𝑦
(3)(8)
𝑧= 12
𝑧=2
ACTIVITY 8: Who is this Filipino Inventor?
He is a Filipino mathematician who developed a
board game called DAMATH. The board game applies
the moves used in the Filipino board game DAMA to
solve problems on the different concepts in
Mathematics. Who is he?

To find out, match the letter that corresponds to the answer to the numbered
items on the left. The letter will spell out the name of this Filipino
Mathematician.
"𝒛 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑠 𝒙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒚" E 8
1. Translate into variation statement. 𝒌𝒃
2. If 𝒛 = 𝟑𝟔 when 𝒙 = 𝟑 and 𝒚 = 𝟐, find 𝒌. B 𝒂=
𝒉
3. 𝒙 is 4 when 𝒚 = 𝟑 and 𝒛 = 𝟐. What is 𝒛 if 𝒙 = 𝟖 and 𝟏
D
𝒚 = 𝟔? 𝟐
𝒌𝒙
F 𝒛=
"𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝒂 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝒚
𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝒃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝒉" U 6
4. Express the relation as a variation statement.
5. If the area is 15cm2 when the base is 5cm and the N 𝒂 = 𝒌𝒃𝒉
height is 6cm, find 𝒌. A 44cm2
6. If 𝒂 = 𝟔𝟓cm2 when 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟎cm and 𝒉 = 𝟏𝟑cm, find 𝒂
H 𝒛 = 𝒌𝒙𝒚
when 𝒃 = 𝟖cm and 𝒉 = 𝟏𝟏cm

ANSWER: ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

1 2 3 4 5 6
 𝑘𝑥
The statement “𝑧 varies directly as 𝑥 and inversely as 𝑦” means 𝑧 = 𝑦
𝒛𝒚
or 𝒌 = , where 𝑘 is the constant of variation.
𝒙

ACTIVITY 9: Translate each statement into mathematical sentence. Use 𝑘 as

the constant of variation. Write your answer in the space provided before each
number.
______________1. W varies jointly as c and the square of a and inversely as b.
______________2. P varies directly as the square if x and inversely as s.
______________3. The electrical resistance (R) of a wire varies directly as its
length (l) and inversely as the square of its diameter (d).
______________4. The acceleration (A) of a moving object varies directly as
the distance (d) it travels and inversely as the square of the
time (t) it travels.
______________5. The pressure (P) of a gas varies directly as its temperature
(t) and inversely as its volume (V).

ACTIVITY 10: Solve the following:

If 𝑟 varies directly as 𝑠 and inversely as the square of 𝑢, and 𝑟 = 2 when 𝑠 =
18 and 𝑢 = 2, find:
1. 𝑟 when 𝑢 = 3 and 𝑠 = 27

2. 𝑠 when 𝑢 = 2 and 𝑟 = 4

3. 𝑢 when 𝑟 = 1 and 𝑠 = 36
Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
1. What type of variation shows the relationship between two entities such that when the value of
one entity increases, the value of the other entity also increases?
a. Combined Variation b. Inverse Variation c. Direct Variation d. Joint Variation
𝒌
2. If two variables can be expressed as a rational function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 , where k is constant, then what
relationship exists between them?
a. Combined Variation b. Inverse Variation c. Direct Variation d. Joint Variation
3. Which of the following shows that “𝒚 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒚 𝒂𝒔 𝒙” ?
𝑥 𝑘
a. 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 b. 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑦 c. 𝑘 = 𝑦 d. 𝑦 = 𝑥
4. Which of the following is the correct mathematical variation statement of 𝒂 = 𝒌𝒃𝒄?
a. a varies jointly as k, b and c c. a varies jointly as b and c
b. a varies directly as a and inversely as b d. a varies inversely as b and jointly as b.
5. What variation involves a combination of direct and inverse variation?
a. Combined Variation b. Inverse Variation c. Direct Variation d. Joint Variation
6. Which equation represents the statement, “the distance (D) travelled by a car varies directly as
its speed (s)”?
𝑘 𝑠
a. 𝐷 = 𝑘𝑠 b. 𝑘 = 𝐷𝑠 c. 𝐷 = 𝑠 d. 𝐾 = 𝐷
7. Which of the following equations is an example of joint variation?
𝑘𝑥 𝑝
I. 𝑎 = 𝑘𝑏𝑐 II. 𝑦 = III. 𝑘= IV. 𝑚 = 𝑘𝑛𝑜
𝑧 𝑞𝑟
a. I and II only b. I and IV only c. II and III only d. I, II and IV only
8. The variable y varies jointly as the square of x and square root of z, what is the correct
representation of this variation?
𝑘𝑥 2 𝑘
a. 𝑦 = 𝑘√𝑥 2 𝑧 b. 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 2 √𝑧 c. 𝑦 = 𝑧 d. 𝑦 = 𝑥2 𝑧
√ √
9. The pressure (P) of a gas varies directly as its temperature (t) and inversely as its volume (v),
𝒌𝒕
and can be translated as 𝒑 = 𝒗 . what type of variation is it?
a. Direct Variation b. Inverse variation c. Joint Variation d. Combined Variation
10. Which of the following equations defines a combined variation?
3𝑥
a. 2𝑦 = 𝑧 b. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 𝑧 c. 𝑦 + 𝑥 = 𝑧 d. 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑧 = 𝑘
11. Suppose y = 24 when x = 100. What is the constant of variation if y varies directly as x?
5 25 6 6
a. 6 b. 6 c. 5 d. 25
12. The variable m varies inversely as n. What is the value of m when n = 6 and the constant of
variation is 15?
2 5 3 5
a. 5 b. 3 c. 5 d. 2
13. Suppose z = 75 when x = 25 and y = 6. What is the equation of variation if z varies jointly as
x and y?
1 1
a. 𝑧 = 2𝑥𝑦 b. 𝑧 = 18𝑥𝑦 c. 𝑧 = 2 𝑥𝑦 d. 𝑧 = 18 𝑥𝑦

14. The variable (b) varies directly as the square of a and inversely as c, what is the equation if a = 2
when b = 4 and c = 3.
4𝑎2 3𝑎2 2𝑎2 𝑎2
a. 𝑏 = b. 𝑏 = c. 𝑏 = d. 𝑏 =
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐

3
15. Which equation shows that r varies jointly as p and q, and 𝑟 = 27 when 𝑝 = 7 and 𝑞 = 9 ?
a. 9𝑟 = 7𝑝𝑞 b. 7𝑟 = 9𝑝𝑞 c. 𝑟 = 7𝑝𝑞 d. 𝑟 = 9𝑝𝑞

16. The time (T) it takes to build a highway varies directly as the length (l) of the highway and
inversely as the number of workers (w). If it takes 4 weeks for 100 workers to build a 5 km
highway, which is the correct equation for this variation and the value of constant variation?
𝑇(𝑙) 2 𝑘𝑙 𝑇(𝑙) 2 𝑘𝑙
a. 𝑘 = 𝑤 ; 𝑘 = 10 b. 𝑇 = 𝑤 ; 𝑘 = 80 c. 𝑤 = 𝑘 =; 𝑘 = 10 d. 𝑤 = 𝑇 ; 𝑘 = 80

17. The number of calories (C) burned while jogging varies directly with the number of minutes
(t) spent jogging. If George burns 150 calories by jogging for 20 minutes, how many calories does
he burn by jogging for 30 minutes?
a. 100 b. 180 c. 200 d. 225

18. The luminous intensity (I) of a light bulb varies inversely as the square of the distance (d) from
the light bulb. The luminous intensity is 100 candelas when the distance is 5 meters. What is the
luminous intensity at 10 meters?
a. 2500 b. 25 c. 20 d. 4

19. The amount of gasoline (G) used by a car varies jointly as the distance (d) travelled and the
square root of the speed (s). Suppose a car travelled used 25 liters on a 100 km trip at 100 kph,
about how many liters will it use on a 1000 km trip at 64 kph?
a. 100 L b. 200 L c. 300 L d. 400 L

20. The time (T) it takes to solve mathematical problems varies directly as the number of items (i)
and inversely as the number of students (s) answering. It takes 36 minutes for 4 students to solve
18 problems. How long will it takes 6 students to solve 42-item problems?
a. 26 minutes b. 36 minutes c. 46 minutes d. 56 minutes

MATHEMATICS is not about numbers, equations,

computations, or algorithm: It is about
UNDERSTANDING. – William Paul Thurston