An UWB Patch Antenna Design using Multiple

Notches and Finite Ground Plane

1st Magali Pilco,2nd Angel Toapanta,3nd Hector Paredes
Escuela de Ingenieria Electronica en Telecomunicaciones y Redes
Espoch
Riobamba, Ecuador
maguipilco10@gmail.com,san ang 91@hotmail.com,alexis paredes26@hotmail.com

Abstract—In the present report, the UWB antenna is shown

with a finite plane approximation and multiple notches. The
antenna presents a gain of around 35 dB around 7.8 GHz with
the best return characteristics for a frequency range between
3.25 and 9.4 GHz. The antenna applied to the FR4 substrate is
compact and cost-effective.
Index Terms—Finite ground plane, microstrip antenna, UWB
antenna

I. I NTRODUCTION
High-speed wireless data transmission is the current re-
quirement for many applications. The lower frequency bands
used by several communication networks are over-supplied
and, therefore, channel allocation for a large amount of data
transmission has become difficult. Ultra Wide Band (UWB)
technology operating in the 3 - 10 GHz frequency range is a
potential candidate for high-speed communication applications
for short distances [1]. Patch antennas based on simple designs
for ultra-wide band frequencies have already been proposed
in the literature The notches together with the correct cut in
the patch can suppress narrow-band interference [2], [3]. On
the other hand, the antenna design proposed in [4] makes use
of the concept flat metamaterials that have isolated triangular
recesses and crossed recesses engraved in metal patch and
ground plane, respectively. By changing the pattern on the
ground, the impedance of the antenna will improve signifi-
cantly The pattern will allow an increase in more than 200in
the amount of return loss of -10dB, for a frequency range of
3.25-9.4 GHz [5]. On a monopole printed antenna with an
inverted T-shaped slot and a plane with driver’s back, it will
provide a large bandwidth of the order of 6 GHz and will also
have a reduced size of 12 x 18 mm2. The the performance
of the antenna will be quite impressive, the complexity of the
design involved will be remove high [6] A multi-resonant-
based micro-band antenna design is presented stacked for the
UWB application. The bandwidth of a microstrip antenna
increases with an increase in the thickness of the substrate
and decreases with the dielectric constant. In addition, the
bandwidth of the antenna increases when multiple Fig. 1. Patch
antenna geometry resonators are coupled in flat or stacked
Fig. 1. Patch antenna geometry
configurations. The finite earth plane is a concept by which
the dimension of a patch antenna is compacted by reducing
the dimensions of the ground plane from an assumed infinite
value to a finite value The literatures suggest that directivity
and gain are high for large earth plans [7], therefore, the finite
earth plane produces reduced gain and directivity and also
provides a certain amount of radiations from the later lobe.
However, the finite ground plane tremendously increases the
bandwidth of the antenna. This feature has caused a growing
interest in finite microstrip antennas based on ground plans for
UWB applications[8]. In this article, we follow the design of
the finite earth plane of Chen et al and we will improve the
return loss and impedance bandwidth performance by adding
multiple notches to the designed patch. In addition, we will
use a low cost FR-4 substrate for implementation. All sample
design must be simple, compact and cost-effective.
II. A NTENNA D ESIGN
The basic design is based on the approach of Chen et al
(a small printed antenna with reduced ground plane effects
is described for the UWB frequency ranges) and the same
geometry is considered, but with some variants, as shown
in figure 1, which are notches that they are added to the
proposed antenna and thus increase the current to generate
more bandwidth.[9] These variants are, the inverted L-shaped
notch inserted in the square patch on the left, which improves
the return loss, in addition four notches in the patch, of which
3 of them are 11.6 mm corresponding to a resonance frequency
that occurs at 5 GHz. Another notch is approximately 8.3 mm,
inserted for a frequency of 8 GHz. And by changing the pattern
on the ground the impedance characteristics of the antenna are
significantly improved[10]. The parameters of the antenna are
• FR4 Substrate:4.6.
• Type of power used: Line feed.
• Frequency range: 3.25 - 9.4GHz.
• Gain: 35dB.

III. SIMULATION OF THE ANTENNA Fig. 2. Simulation of return loss where show the Bandwidth and its factor in
Various parameters required for designing the antenna is 4.25 Ghz, 7.8 Ghz and 8.9 Ghz are below -20dB.
calculated using the following mathematical equations given
below. Given:
ξ = 4.6andHeight = 1.6mm.
This design is optimized to the feed impedance for
impedance matching and the ground plane dimensions were
calculated as Length of the ground plane = 25mm Width of
the ground plane = 9 mm.
To improve the return loss and bandwidth of the antenna,
additional notches were added. Figure 1 shows an inverted
L-shaped notch inserted in the square patch on the left. The
dimension of the horizontal portion of the notch is 8.3 mm and
the vertical is 8.7 mm. Where resonances are identified at 4.25
GHz, 7.8 GHz and 8.9 GHz; a maximum return loss of -30 dB
occurs around the 7.8 GHz frequency. When another 11.6 mm
long notch is inserted near the L-shaped notch, it is observed
that the return loss at 7.8 GHz further reduces and shows the
design and the corresponding return loss behavior. The other
notch was inserted in a patch slot on the right, to improve
the return loss at 6.7 GHz. At this frequency, the return loss is
almost -10 dB, which interrupts broadband behavior. However, Fig. 3. Diagram real and imaginary impedance. It is observed in the diagram
it is observed from the characteristics of three cases of notch, where the imaginary part is approximately zero at 4.25Ghz, 7.8 Ghz and
a single notch is not effective enough to suppress the peak 8.9Ghz.
that arises at 6.7 GHz. In the final design, the antenna has
three notches in the patch, of which 2 of them are 11.6 mm
corresponding to a resonance frequency that occurs at 7.8
GHz. Another notch is approximately 8.3 mm, inserted for a
frequency of 8.9 GHz . In the Figure 2 shows the bandwidth
of our UWB antenna that operates in a band of 3.25 Ghz to
9.4 Ghz, in this way we will have a bandwidth of 6.15 Ghz
with a bigger gain in the frequencies near 7.8 Ghz and 8.9
Ghz.
The impedance of the presented antenna is shown around
50 ohms the real impedance along the whole of the bandwidth
and in the same way the imaginary impedance of the antenna
varies with values close to zero in the corresponding band as
shown in Figure 3.
Figure 5 show the result of the simulated and measured
2D to 7.800 GHz when the gain is maximum cross-radiation Fig. 4. Radiation Pattern to 7.80 Ghz
patterns in which the fields (Etheta, Ephi) can be observed.
 Fig. 6. Top and bottom side

Fig. 5. HPBW, FNBW of the patch Antenna UWB at 7.8 Ghz

In addition it is observed that the field Etheta is minimum 0◦

when the field Ephi is maximum (90◦ ) and field Ephi(0◦ ) is
minimum when the field Etheta is maximun (90◦ ). We have
the radiation pattern where you can see how the UWB antenna
can only observe the radiation lines when phi is zero and
ninety degrees. The results are shown in Fig. 5 for a frequency
of 7.800 Ghz. The radiation pattern of the Fig.5 shows the
main lobe which is the angular margin around the direction of
maximum radiation, the secondary lobes are the rest of relative
maxima of lower value than the main one of our transmitting
antenna.
Fig. 7. Measured results at 7.80 GHz
The Medium Power Beam Width (HPBW) is the angular
separation in which the magnitude of the radiation pattern
decreases by 50 (-3 dB) from the top of the main lobe. Another
coverage angle commonly cited is the null in Null beam previous indicates that relationship, having some similarity
width (FNBW). This is the angular separation from which the with that generated in the simulation in Ansoft Designer.
magnitude of the radiation pattern is reduced to zero (negative
The measurement of the antenna was made at the central
infinity dB) of the main lobe. The diagram is shown in Fig.6
frequency of 7.8 GHz, varying the theta and phi angles, this
IV. M EASUREMENTS AND RESULTS variation indicates the radiation of the UWB patch antenna,
in Figure 13, these data are observed with respect to the theta
Once the simulation was performed and to obtain correct re- angle, and in Figure 14 with respect to the angle of the phi.
sults, the patch antenna for UWB was mounted in FR4, taking
into account the design measures within the simulation, Figure
6 presents the final structure. This design is implemented as a
receiving and transmitting antenna.
The results were obtained using the signal generator, which
is connected to the antenna and a spectrum analyzer, where
the same antenna design is used for transmission and recep-
tion. The antenna was located at a considerable distance and
obtained the following gain values: 34.30 dB at the operating
frequency of 7.80 GHz, 27.82 dB at 4.25 GHz and 31.35 dB at
8.9 GHz. This is shown in the Figure 7. Since their gain values
are adequate, the antenna is considered to work correctly.
In addition, gain values in dB were taken at frequencies
from 3 Ghz to 10 Ghz.The data obtained are shown in Fig.9.
This graphic indicates that there are frequencies with higher
and lower gain in which the antenna, you can also work.
Through the use of Matlab, was obtained from the graph of the
frequency with respect to the gain of the antenna. The figure Fig. 8. Frequency vs. Gain

Fig. 9. Theta angle variation
Fig. 10. Phi angle variation
V. C ONCLUSION
A patch-type antenna with a rectangular ground plane for
UWB applications is designed, simulated and manufactured.
After implementing the transmitting and receiving antenna, it
was obtained that the operating frequencies with which the
two antennas worked are 4.25 GHz, 7.8 Ghz and 8.9 Ghz, as
in the simulations. In addition to achieving an efficient enough
antenna, it can be observed that the materials with which they
were manufactured are inexpensive but with high precision,
especially if it works with high frequencies where the length
of the antenna will be specified in millimeters. . The equipment
used for the tests and analysis of our antennas was a Spectrum
Master of the high performance hand spectrum analyzer and a
signal generator that to work in perfect condition gives us an
analysis with a low level of error. The results of the simulation
have been compared with the measured results and found to
be reasonably in agreement. Therefore, the proposed UWB
antenna is compact and shows a very good frequency domain
and time domain performance.
VI. R ECOMMENDATIONS
To leave an approximate margin of 1 cm around each design,
so that there are no delays in the frequency of operation the
moment in which measurements are made in real life.
To use materials of good quality, so that there is no variation
in the results.
To use the exact measurements of the design made in
Designer to obtain a good profit at the frequencies that we
plan to work with.
To have a prior understanding of how they work and
what measurement instruments serve, such as the spectrometer
before performing the respective tests on the antennas, since
this knowledge will allow us to perform the tests in a faster
and more appropriate way.
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