PHYS4031 STATISTICAL MECHANICS SAMPLE QUESTION FOR DISCUSSION IN WEEK 13 EXERCISE CLASSES (30 Nov and 2 Dec 2015) ‘You may want to think about it before attending exercise class. PHYS4031 FINAL EXAM ANNOUNCEMENT Coverage: Chapter I to Chapter XIII (Ideal Fermi Gas chapter) plus Part 1 of Chapter XTV (basic idea of Bose-Einstein condensation in ideal Bose Gas), including all materials discussed in class notes, lectures, sample questions in exercise classes, and problem sets. Sections and appendices in class notes marked “Optional” are excluded. ‘Time/Venue: Arranged centrally by University. Check time/venue yourself. 'SQ30 Looking at the course as a whole - A review on the Course. ‘TA will give the key points that thread the different topics in the course as a quick review and eollect what ‘we have done as applications in class notes, sample questions and problem sets. 0. What is equilibrium statistical mechanics? Microscopic theory of thermodynamics. As such, it is a subject that handles a huge number of entities in a system. 1. “All accessible microstates are equally probable” and $(#, V,.V) = klnW(E, ¥,N) ‘What are the conditions under which the statement and equation hold? List the examples/applicatious based on this approach that we did. 2 Systems in equilibrium at a temperature 7, with fixed 7, V, N. Det Nepasticle states i ye W(E, VN) oPR [N-pasticle energy level { [mena et as @ 2(1,V,N) 0 What are being summed/integrated over and why are they equivalent? P(L,V,N) = KT In 2(0, VN) ° What is dF and how to got entropy, pressure, and chemical potential? List the examples/applications that we did based on the partition function Z. For W independent, distinguishable and identical 2-evel systems, write Z. For IV independent, distinguishable and identical quantum oscillators, write Z. 3. White Z(T, V,.N) for general classical statistical mechanical calculations. List problems/applications did in classical statistical mechanics. Write Z for classical idea! gas. 4, Interacting systems, phase trensitions and critical phenomena. List examples of interacting systems did in the course Phase diagram of a pure substance. ‘Van der Waals equation of states describes the vapor-liquid transition. Role of interaction. ‘The second virial coefficient and the physics behind the sign of Ba(T).. Citical point and behavior near the critical point. Phase diagram of Ising model and its similarity to ‘the vapor-liquid diagram. Mean field theory and its results. Critical exponents. 5. Open systems in equilibrium at a temperature T and a chemical potential ., thus systems with given Tih arvn) = Yo x ‘=O N-particle states ¢ BEAN) Bu @) 1(7, V4) = kT INQLT. Yn) “ What is d2 and how to get entropy, pressure, and number of particles? Eq. (4) gives a short cut to the equation of state, what is it? List problems did using the grand partition fumetion 6. Point out the physi meaning of feo) = FT © and 1 fee) = Gea 6) Point out that these distributions can be obtained either as the most probable distributions (Lagrange method) or through the grand partition function QC, V, 2) for non-interacting fermions 7. Point out the pieces of information (a) dimension of system, (b) dispersion relation, and (¢) possible spin degeneracy, is given by the density of (single-particle) states g(¢). The density of states o(¢) has nothing to do with Lomperature. An example is g(¢) for 3D non-relativistic particles in volume V: a (an api = Gages (3) 0 List examples did on g(¢). 8 Taking SD Ideal Fermi Gas as an example, use item G and item 7 to write down the equations for N ond B. Point out thatthe equetion of NV serves to determine (7) forgiven N/V (number deny of particles), and the equation of H gives B(T) and thus Cy(T). 9. Ideal Fermi Gas. Pauli Exclusion Principle dominates. Key features in T’ = 0 physies. Corrections of the order of (KT/Ep)? in low-temperature physics. Correction to classical gas behavior at high texmpeatare 10. (For completeness: TA doesn’t need to discuss this as it will be done in class in Week 13.) Ideal Boos Gas: Plsis Sr the oearrence of Bose iina condensation and macroznpis occupation of single-particle ground state, Experimental realization. Correction to classical gas behavior at high heures 11. Math Skis: Gaussian Integrals, Gamms Function, Legendre Tronsform, Siting Formule Infinite and finite sums, Taylor expansion, log and exponential, partial derivatives, set up self-consistent equation, Sct ongoeae ‘This ends PHYS4031. If you follow the progress, your statistical mechanics knowledge allows you to start a postgraduate-level course in auy good research university. Further Rowing Tp enadilan jour incuiedge at about the acme leva se: ‘© F. Mandl, Statistical Physics 2nd ed. (John Wiley & Sons 1988) [traditional style] + D. Yoshioka, Statistical Physics: An Introduction (Springer 2007) [concise and presse] © C. Hermann, Statistical Physics (Springer 2005) [many applications to solid state problems] © H. J. W. Muller-Kirsten, Basics of Statistical Physics - A Bachelor Degree Introduction (World Scientific 2010) [aumerous worked-out examples} # W. Greiner, L. Neise, and H. Stécker, Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics (Springer 1995) © S.J Blundell and KM, Blundell, Concepts in Thermal Physics (Oxford Univ. Press 2006) {comprehensive} ‘To go to the next level, see © D. Chandler, Introduction to Modern Statistical Mechanics (Oxford Univ. Press) [easier but brief] * RK. Patria, Statistical Mechanics (2nd or later edition by Pathria and Beale) [we did first 8 chapters] © M. Plischke and B. Bergersen, Bquiliirium Statistical Mechanics (World Scientific 2006) + D.A. McQuarrie, Statistical Mechanics (University Seience Books 2000) [we did 11/24 chapters}Pe es oe : Se Pad Sample Question Solution il : a 30, This isa review on the conse . PHYS 4 403. — ee i 0, Enul kbrium Statastical Hethentes. > Hansa ae HE Adis — What physial systin we are “bling ob abut? ee tp Thernid: HAnic, limit. Ene Nod, Ved, n= am, steys fred Tn ths lint, ‘hates prspertis tin OX Sine of the system, while iebasive eo I int an tunof Ci) The au robs oat is te she in wich t_systom spends . vn by? ind. Ths stele js ——idlettied 0s te opin at tase. Source: Pactriat® pA = Also me notes Ch, Been ldy, te_wdestind —meoalnct a La Fanemartal Pstalete _ Far an ISOLATED system ie UTI RTO all _accessile acu are eral ——— —_b S(EV,M) = kh WEY) The fieetonat ‘an is hold vhen Elenryy), Vlrol ane) = are ag aa ann pptir sein sion C oe Stracteg a 2 Count Yen. it tk ty ee is lS 27d + dV AU ve = (3). A .-/as \ aE Wey, 77” [Ney . t RK, Dacia ) Teel ‘tte Ind. er (Alsovitr 1997)Pe Se a) _ : eee 2225 Ld. Examples nie Ch, appodix A, Scbvtthy — cE laf CH 8,2 HWS, Emsthin’s Medel o 9 un sama Hw22, "Tri Ms rey * a HW 23, pl Hw 24, 2, oss val idal_ ue (Abe S28 DCAso a Hw 2b, classical SHO. eee AL Let PLE) be ta pry adi ae ina shee of ih En, a System Is. Int sal ould witha Pe Peto | COLL, poi) Now, ECLYN) =, 2, 0 tn Stl ic oll -portide states. te, all po He Waporkde Grider Equation —— level, ttn_ve. cm alo hebeiatin Ekg" oe ss 7 gee eto oe oe Tiel ad a a = Wie) + WEE et Wher + - Seen; W(Ei,V,M) @ - eee : Wis, WW) is Os aa = rant on ae oss ee a Not with entry Hopes ve a we fr omstt, hy In toxtnom had, Z=P W lev, we dE , her WIE)AE 1 nme hie gy Mina E 4 E+tde,Optional: 1, sia oh, aot sgt g2 ae Mis). - Bh aw. ap of states, maps or a ae le ee -puctiles ra ee Toke ide! S Ae wan ple ee = Ef ——r ae Viele de a > ale) See th i oR fy" gear awry!) Bae JE — ie (ee CE -| ie WHEY. See ae WIE) is be The abe are. pial, An caste ny tik is, ye P ldadp & SQ 10 abo 4 gra. comple. pn) 4 Liang te thnadyanics : FCLYN) = -kT-A ELT YM) Deduction cm be fd in Ch, pl Bl, From Hermans yw have AF = -SdT =pAV. +d. a Sets Ste a) a a = tii) Fad F - iit -[2, $= (Fh. rfl, a a : eyed se dia Mdel CAlso et ne Ca 5S) Hw 43,743 Babe adel CMe SQ 1%) Se Sa “wort aneti ca et eee 7 - ——S aa gts eae” ToD. eS elas SUH) L, Abbe —phwh nha -£ ee “Wa a pee Br ‘a pe ga to Dbal syrtte Be a , he evePOS A 3 as PS a. Coal ro : good e both Tiialgia: = intoracting 9 ita ae tu) 13” "v p ae E appear HY ole nbs wish Tr FoasttT by pet) ae Pld IF dbs 6 aera) [ ar ee e Cea ye (S813) eer ees J derort. msthds in SOIR, a ais ile this is the Bol eth im Ch peat A Shag fa CHW 3.536) ——_ ote dpe day pp PRR ROTI ={V Beara = Waid v7 ae aay =the nee i 0) For cbsical i VIN >> Ee th de D820 ie oppads Bp) ae EB ak ik Aa tl i | = ses _ pA) ple ne! Gi) Fe cssical_idal }s_Vary_ne tie pa ee Ways ti 1, Da th eMrrs te bee ge te iae eee alle SH: ae See 85 | - Oa nt eS (8G26) .SS etc aoe) ‘ P.6 4, Teteracting Systons a. ee le ti Van abe ies b Bas Lon q) tid Fern iit) Exact in ms _1D_ Isin bh, Phase Dag (Seg C 7 pee never ends Po a | Ct, SEIS) ae a car ones) : Re sip Substes ———Wator — C Van ltr Woals oa, of states: th. - + )(r-h) = RT Lang mye Hct. Fc oe E Stoke Sm Dplie. wince —_ d. 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Ch. 4, pb, Casi es C Also aes ay o = ae Pe 14, f Sy ratiaPup Se ep P10 fn 3D Ida ae fas. 3/2 We 8)” be aie ee Gt fey pean For mw systen, IV Nand Vv i fi) as a Then ke de = HM) A [ok 3 Is abe a constant. Whey T (or p) change, # past change te wake Pe whole integral tsa cans-an he. Por a ave NV, we ay ud as a tuto of T. Baa fevtnn ae Prank pe. But from the abe, we Pe that _ B rf a function of Lo - A i ely.) Is jut ECD, ——s El) = 65 74 8) onda de Hania , we ae CLD ty 4, iat bas. =O. ae gO den ds > I glide Fr 30, nor relivis toe, $)007 - MESES, = = canst « ee es on” ES I cine» ee pide =2N “Er = anrtet = & - pV=de cee Pa erm tn,PHYS 4.03 | - Buth Le c. Los Tonpentwe. CkT & E) : Fe a we can use ‘Sommer full. pasion” , 1 [ee | % sti + (kD fy) t. T=0 relt , Nee A E . {4 Sil ai Me f pony +e) ai whee 4 = 36 (Fj Be BY =p fd = Fett ee 2) —@9 Sompucleld Expusing on E, ite [eee Pry olf ath A (14 FED] Frm D, * 3 pete Er St @ pete 1+ SE (EL)"] = Eli-o +E ED” —@ eee =F gle dT a Ty te we a e is ~~ iar rlepes eel) [abe ae ‘ - Vamsi pe gi N= Lisl Eber wa dé fell poh kh 7dPHYS #03) tc. Defi $ = a we ged Vg + Vv ata 3 Ie ge + | oe api is uel. 2 Vv i MoO Fra an wer 7a Dafne £(02=5 Fa is Bi Ju f ata AA =r: (Gs Paer Fal?) -@ a NM =lGV/Ae) fn 8) —@ le ton ee rm J Heletly, Ripekorye a nO Lavin) ea od fun, ~ SSR te, aaa a a = w/o" + Leva ae Vv ts pu Balt) , repulsive! a hed Ae