Md Joynal Abaden

IBS Basic & Planning

RF Project Co-ordinator
IBS Basic & Planning
Auspicious
 Why In-building Coverage is Important?

There are many reasons for the mobile operator for providing a dedicated IB
coverage
But mainly these are two

Technical
•lack of coverage
•Improvement of service quality
•Need for more capacity
•Need for higher _ speed data rate
Commercial
•Some countries more than 50% traffic
from in building
•Indoor Solutions Can Make a Great
Business Case
•Maximize the revenue of the operator
 The Indoor Planning Procedure

IBS Survey

IBS Planning & designing

IBS Implementation

IBS Quality Test

IBS O & M
•Walk test tool(Auto Mobile,Net monitor, Nemo ,TEMS etc.)

•Measurement tape

•Still Camera

•G.P.S
 Survey Procedure
Walk test
Check the BCCH ,RXL,RXQ,CID of the all cells which are present in the building

Collect the Auto card design of the Building

Check the BTS& Microwave pole location
Check the cable shaft for running the Back bone cable
Take the Photographs of Building
Take the Photographs of BTS ,cable shaft and microwave pole location

Check the Electrical supply /Point

Check the Earth point
Measure the Earth cable length
Measure the power cable length
Measure the IF cable length
Take the contact details of the building contact person
•Coverage planning
• Antenna marking on floor plan
•Make trunking Diagram
•Calculate The EIRP of each
antenna
•Calculate the BOM
•The ideal distance between two
antenna is 20m
•All passive materials like
spliter,coupler,cable antenna are
should be support from 850 MHz
to 2500 MHz band
•Tool used for IBS Design - IB
Wave
•Capacity planning
•Calculate the expected foot fall in
side building
•Calculate the total erlang
required
•As per erlang calculation
calculate the number of TRX
•Then plan the number of sector
•Normal commercial building per
subscriber erlang is 20ME
•High capacity site like Airport per
subscriber erlang is 33ME
•In Sector planning try to avoid
multi sectors in single floor
 Antenna marking on floor plan

20m

Indoor coverage radius and area vs.

design level from Omni antenna
To provide ‘full coverage’, antennas need to be placed with a certain coverage over lap
 Placing the Indoor Antennas
•Place the hot-spot antennas and maximize data performance.
In this case of a shopping mall, the hot-spots for data and voice are typically the
food court, internet cafes and sitting areas

•Place the ‘cost-cutting’ antennas.

After the hot-spot antennas are placed you must place
all the antennas that will maximize the coverage per antenna

•Isolate the building.

Proper planning of an antenna at the entrance area and hand over zones
will isolate the building from even very close out door sites.

•Fill in the gaps.

The last placement of antennas will be ‘filling the gaps’ between the
antennas just placed This will help to provide maximum coverage
Trunking Diagram
Link Budget
Bill of material
Indoor Radio planning tool
• IBwave
• Congitel
• Waseela
• Tni System
• Comba
 Indoor Radio planning tool
IB Wave _ The most popular in door RF planning tool

iBwave Solutions is a telecom radio planning software provider that develops

solutions for the in-building wireless industry. iBwave is best known for its
software iBwave Design, mostly used by telecom operators, system integrators
and equipment vendors. iBwave is a Canadian-based company that was
founded in 2003 and is headquartered in Montreal.
A privately-held company, iBwave focuses on integrated solutions to automate
and standardize the design of wireless communications inside buildings and
infrastructures.
In 2010,
 Traffic dimensioning
Erlang _The Traffic Measurement

An Erlang is a unit of telecommunications traffic measurement.

One Erlang is the continuous use of one voice channel. In call minutes, one Erlang is 60 min/h,
1440 call min/24 h. In practice, when doing mobile capacity calculations, an Erlang is used to
describe the total traffic volume of 1 h, for a specific cell.

Call Blocking, Grade of Service

The blocking rate (grade of service or GOS) is defined as the percentage of calls that
are rejected due to lack of channels. If the users makes 100 calls, and one call is rejected
due to lack of channels (capacity) the blocking rate is 1 in 100, or 1%. This is referred to
as 1% GOS. Operators might differentiate the GOS target for different indoor solutions,
with a strict GOS of 0.5% in an office building but allowing a GOS of 2% in shopping

The Erlang B Table

Provided that the calls are Erlang-distributed, you can use the Erlang B formula to calculate
the required number of channels at a given load rate, and a given grade of service.
Erlang Example
If a group of 20 users makes 60 calls in 1 h, and each call had an average
duration of 3 min,

then we can calculate the traffic in Erlangs:

total minutes of traffic in 1 h = duration × number of calls
total minutes of traffic in 1 h = 3 × 60
total minutes of traffic in 1 h = 180 min

The Erlangs are defined as traffic (minutes) per hour:

Erlangs = 180/60 = 3E
Knowing the number of users (20), we can calculate the load per user:
user load = total load/number of users
user load = 3/20 = 0.150 E = 150mE per user
Then, if we have the same type of users inside a building with 350 mobile
users, we can calculate what capacity we need:
total load = number of users × load per user
total load = 350 × 150mE= 52.5E
Typical user load in Erlang

User type Traffic load per user

Extreme user : 200 mE
Heavy user :100 mE
Normal office user :50 mE
Private user :20 mE
 Special design considerations
Most of the design methods and considerations are the same for all building. But the below mentioned
are some of the points we need to address, in addition to all the standard RF considerations.

• Make sure you prepare for more capacity or sectors for future upgrades.

• Make sure you cover the executive floor 100%.

• Is there a need for elevator coverage?

• Are there special installation challenges (e.g. fire proofing)?

• Pay attention to the service rooms or areas (e.g. IT server rooms).

• Are there special EMR concerns (like in a hospital)?

• What type of services might be needed in the future – 3G, 3,5G?

• Are there any hot-spots in the building that need special attention?
 Handover Considerations Inside Buildings

The indoor DAS system implemented in the building should be prepared

for future traffic growth.
The best way to prepare this is to have a sector plan for future
sectorization of the system.
Even if the system is implemented as one sector, you need to look ahead,
especially for UMTS, in order to prepare for more sectors.
Well-defined HO zones are important for GSM and UMTS/HSDPA to avoid
‘ping-pong’ HO on GSM, extensive soft HO zones on UMTS and degraded
HSPA performance.
As a general rule you must try to avoid having the handover zones in large
open areas inside the building. Here it can be difficult to design and
control the handover zone
Try to advantage of the natural isolation provided by the building to
separate the different sectors or cells.eg. Floor separation
 The typical GSM handover scenario in a building

Sec 1
HO

Sec 1

HO
lift Sec 2 One way hand over to all IB cells
HO
MACRO MACRO
Sec 5

HO
Sec 2 Dominance COVERAGE

Sec 3 Two way hand over to all IB cells

HO

Sec 3
HO

Sec 4
HO
HAND OVER
ZONE
Sec 4
Key Elements
• Signal Booster
• Antennas
• Directional Couplers
IBS Architecture
DAS
DRS
Small Cell
IBS Model
Pico Node B
Pico Node B Solution