Linear Equations
Slope-Intercept Form y = mx + b
y2 − y1
Slope Formula m=
x2 − x1
Formulas with Points
⎛ x1 + x2 y1 + y2 ⎞
Midpoint Formula ⎜⎝ , ⎟
2 2 ⎠
Distance Formula d= ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2
Rewriting Expressions
(Factor) a 2 − b 2 = ( a + b) ( a − b)
(Expand) (a + b)2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
−a −1 a
⋅ =
b − c −1 c−b
x −ab ab
If a = , then x = or
b+ x a −1 1− a
a
b= a d
⋅
c b c
d
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Quadratics
Standard Form y= y = ax 2 + bx + c
b
x= x=−
2a
Vertex b
y= y = substitute − for x
2a
1) 1) Try factoring
Methods to find the
x-intercepts
2) 2) Quadratic formula
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
Quadratic Formula x= x=
2a
Vertex ( , ) (h, k)
x-intercepts −k
x = h±
a
p+q
x= x=
2
Vertex p+q
y= y= substitute for x
2
x-intercepts x = p or x = q
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Trigonometry
opp
sin θ =
hyp
adj
cosθ =
hyp
opp
tan θ =
adj
Circles
Radius r
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Radians
r 2θ
Sector Area (in Radians) A= A=
2
θ
Arc Length (in Degrees) s= s= 2π r
360
θ
Sector Area (in Degrees) A= A= ⋅π r2
360
Imaginary Numbers
i= −1
i2 = −1
i3 = −i
i4 = 1
Complex Numbers
Conjugate of a + bi a − bi
Conjugate of a − bi a + bi
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Exponent Rules
xa xb = x a+b
xa
= x a−b
xb
a b
(x ) = x ab
1
x −a =
xa
x0 = (for x ≠ 0 ) 1
a
( xy) = x a ya
a
⎛x⎞ xa
⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ y⎠ ya
−a
⎛x⎞ ya
⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ y⎠ xa
a a
x b
= or b
x a or ( x)
b
Exponential Growth
Initial Value A0
Rate of Change r
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Radical Rules
xy = x y
x x
y y
a x +b x = ( a + b) x
a x −b x = ( a − b) x
a
x
a
b
= or b
x a or ( x)
b
Solve for x: x = a
2
x=± a
Rates
Relationship between
d = rt
Distance, Rate, and Time
Relationship between w = rt
Work, Rate, and Time
Averages
Undefined Values
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