BOILER

*1. What are the tasks for adjusting boiler combustion?

 To ensure parameter of all parts to be in the specific range and keep steam quality acceptable to meet the load requirement of
power grid.
 To make boiler operation safe and reliable;
 Boiler operator must monitor the display carefully and adjust the combustion elaborately and try to reduce heat loss and improve
boiler efficiency and make boiler operation economical.
 Boiler operator must maintain NOx, SOx, and other emission indexes at specific range.

2. What is the main functions of primary air for CFB boiler?

The main function of primary air for CFB boiler is to make bed material fluidize in the furnace.
Primary air is also used to adjust bed temperature. The increase of primary air flow can make bed temperature decrease, and the
decrease of primary air flow can make bed temperature increase.
Primary air also can provide a part of oxygen for fuel combustion.

3. What relevant inspection should be done before startup of induced draft air fan?
 Maintenance work has been finished, and work permits have been terminated, maintenance site must be cleaned and trial operation
normal.
 Before startup of ID fans, the states of valves can refer to Valve State List; and ID fans should be checked in accordance with Check
Items of Startup of Auxiliaries.
 Check and start the cooling air fan of an ID fan and put the other one into standby mode after confirming that the started one is in
normal operation.
 Confirm that lubrication oil of motor of ID fans is sufficient, and the oil quality is acceptable, and cooling water is smooth. Start oil
pump in oil station(#1 pump or #2 pump; oil pump is interlocked as #1 is main oil pump and #2 standby or #2 main and #1 standby)of
oil station, and check oil supply pressure and differential pressure of filter are normal, otherwise, use recirculation valve of oil pump
to adjust the oil supply pressure. And switch the operation of filters or contact maintenance personnel to clean filter and make
differential pressure of filter normal. And confirm that oil pressure, oil temperature, differential pressure of filter are normal, and
there is no alarm signal in the cabinet and switchover gear is in REMOTE position.
 Confirm that adjustable device of stationary blades of fan has complete appearance and acts flexibly; Confirm that there is no scaffold
or other matters which may hinder actuating mechanism and rotating equipment.
 Check if oil level of bearing of fan motor is normal. Otherwise, oil inlet valve of bearing shall be cooperated with recirculation valve
to adjust the oil level.
 Confirm that appearances of ID fans and motors are in good condition, and their seats and anchor bolts are fixed tightly, and
couplings are connected well, and protective shields are in good condition, and incoming line of motors are well connected, so are
the grounding wires.

*4、What results can be caused if MFT is activated?

 The request of furnace purging is end;

 Coal feeding system trips;
 Limestone system trips;
 Air duct burner trips;
 Quick-close valve and oil-angle valve of air duct burner are closed;
 Soot-blowing system is end;
 Periodical blowdown system is end;
 Continuous blowdown system is end;
 Slag discharge valve is closed.

5. What is the type and function of boiler in Thar project ?

There is CFB boiler in Thar project. And its function is to transfer chemical energy of fuel to thermal energy, and then utilize the thermal
energy to heat feedwater, and then further heat the saturated steam to superheated steam with a certain pressure, temperature, and
acceptable quality, and then supply the superheated steam to steam turbine.

6. What is the type and function of air heater in Thar project?

There is rotary air heater in Thar project; and its function is to utilize the recovery heat of flue gas to heat primary air and secondary air
to improve boiler efficiency.

7. What is the type and function of induced fan in Thar project?

There is stationary blade adjustable axel-flow ID fan in Thar project. And its function is to extract flue gas from boiler furnace and
maintain balance ventilation of boiler.

8. What is the type and function of HP fluidizing air fan in Thar project?
HP fluidizing air fans in Thar project are multi-stage series centrifugal type. And its function is to supply air for material return valve and
to make material in the material return valve fluidize.

9. What is the type and function of secondary air fan in Thar project?
The secondary air fans in Thar project are double-suction centrifugal type. Their function is to supply oxygen required by boiler
combustion.

10. What is the type and function of primary air fan in Thar project?
Primary air fans in Thar project are double-suction centrifugal type. And their function is to fluidize bed material and supply part of
oxygen required by combustion.

11. What is the type and function of separator in Thar project?

The separator in Thar project is steam-cooling separator. And its function is to separate gas and solid particles.

12. What is the type and function of material return valve?

Material return valve in Thar project is U type. And its function is to return the material which is separated out by separator to furnace
and perform self-sealing to avoid flue gas entering separator.

13. What is the function of air distribution plate?

Its function is to support bed material and make air distribution uniform.

14. What is water-cooling air chamber comprised of?

Water-cooling air chamber is comprised of water wall.

15. Please give the simple description of steam flow starting from main feedwater valve to outlet of high temperature reheater.

Water Circulation: Main Feedwater Valve → Economizer→ Steam Drum → Down comer → Water Wall→ Steam Drum
Steam Circulation: Steam Drum → Low Temperature Superheater → Intermediate Temperature Superheater → High Temperature
Superheater → HP casing of steam turbine → Low Temperature Reheater → High Temperature Reheater → IP casing of steam turbine.

16. Please give simple description of inner circulation and outer circulation of boiler material.
Inner circulation: After bed material is blown by primary air to reach a certain height, the relatively large particle will fall down to bed layer
along edge of furnace.
Outer circulation: Bed material entrained in flue gas enters separator and then is separated by separator and then is returned to furnace
by material return valve.

17. Please give simple descriptions of adjustment methods of steam temperature of superheater and reheater?
Steam temperature of superheater is adjusted by primary and secondary desuperheating water, and primary desuperheating water is
used as rough adjustment and secondary desuperheating water is used as fine adjustment. Steam temperature of reheater is adjusted by
steam bypass, and trace of spraying water is as an assistant desuperheating method (which is used under emergent condition).

18. How can bed pressure be controlled?

If bed pressure is high, we can discharge slag( bottom ash) to adjust and maintain bed pressure within the normal range.
If bed pressure is low, we can stop slag( bottom ash) discharge, or add bed material, or burn coal with high ash content to increase and
maintain bed pressure within the normal range.

19. How can bed temperature be controlled？

If bed temperature is high: we can keep bed pressure relatively high or increase primary air flow to decrease bed temperature. If necessary,
we need to reduce the load.
If bed temperature is low: we can reduce bed pressure moderately or reduce primary air flow. If necessary, we can increase load.

20. How much MPa should the outlet pressure of high temperature superheater be maintained under the rated load? And how much
degree centigrade should the outlet steam temperature of high temperature superheater and high temperature reheater be
maintained?
Outlet pressure of high temperature superheater shall be maintained at 17.5MPa, and outlet steam temperature of high temperature
superheater and high temperature reheater shall be maintained at 541℃.

21. What will you do to be an acceptable boiler operator?

Test for Chemical

1. Description of raw water:
Raw water is the water resource of thermal power plant, include the ground base water comes from river , sea, lake etc. The
underground water comes from wells. service water mainly comes from the other factory. And portable water mainly comes from
the city.

2. A shortly description of how dose Mechanical Accelerator Clarification Tank work.

Raw water comes in from inlet pipe, goes to the first flocculation chamber, where the coagulations are added, in this chamber, the
coagulations will gather the particles together into bigger size by turning the stir impeller, after that , the lifting impeller will lift them
up to the second flocculation chamber, over here, the water pass slowly from the diversion chamber to the separation chamber ,
in the separation chamber , by the weight , the big size particle will fall down, and clean water will full and becoming the production
water，the sludge and big size particles will recycle in the system or drain from the drainage.

3. Description of the structure of discal filter and how it works.

The discal filter is combined by a lot of discs like CD , which has many micro grooves on their surface ,when it is started up, the
water pressure will make them become more and more closer, when water is coming, they can only pass through the micro
grooves on the surface of these discs , during that , the particles which is larger than the grooves will be trapped.

4. A shortly description of how dose UF works.

The physics of ultra-filter is using the membrane to trap the solids(include particles ,organics and microorganism etc.) in the water ,
as running modes, it could be separated into three types :full flow (dead ends) filtration , single pass cross flow filtration and
circulation cross flow filtration.

5. Describe the function of MnO2 sand filtration.

The manganese sand filter , it is used for catalyzing the Fe2+ change to Fe(OH)3 which is not dissolved by water , it is able to
trap parts of particles when the water is settling in the sand.

6. Describe the difference between dead ends filtration and cross flow filtration.
In cross flow filtration, water is separated into two parts after pass through the membrane, concentrate water and fresh water,
dead end filtration is also called full flow filtration, it will not produce concentrate water.

7. Describe the power plant chemical water treatment flow progress of Thar.
Raw water-Raw water tank-Mechanical accelerator clarification- manganese sand filter-self-cleaning filter- UF- RO- Cation bed-
Intermediate water tank-Anion bed-Mixed bed-Boiler-Condensate Polishing Plant-Turbine-Ambient.

8. Describe the location and purpose of NaClO dosing.

NaClO (also called bactericide) is dosing to the inlet of ultra-filter. the function of this chemical is to clean the membrane and
remove the microorganism which are attached on the surface of membrane.

9. What is the single-pass cross flow filtration?

Single-pass cross flow filtration: If there is low content of suspended solids and colloid, it can use ends filtration mode. Raw water
entering into membrane with low cross flow velocity, proportion of concentrated water exclude from other side. Producing water
generated from membrane filtration liquid side, recovery rate is 92%-99%, it depend on particle concentration.

10. What is Circulation cross flow filtration.

Circulation cross flow filtration: When high content of suspended solids and it used in waste water area, we can reduce recovery
rate to maintain high flow rate of fiber. It will cause abundant waste water. In order to avoid waste, excluded concentration water
will be compression again and back to membrane, it called circulating mode. The recovery rate of system is high except membrane
pipeline. In circulating mode ,inflow water circulates on surface continuously. High flow velocity of circulating water prevent particle
from stack on surface and increase flux.
 STEAM TURBINE

*1. What is the basic working principle of steam turbine?

Answer:
Steam with certain pressure and temperature goes into turbine and expands and gains high speed when passing through nozzle. Then
temperature and pressure of steam decreases and speed increases, which enables thermal energy to transfer into mechanical energy.
Steam with high speed flows out of nozzle and goes into moving blade channel and changes direction of steam flow and provides impulse
force to moving blade. Then torque is produced to drive blade wheel to rotate which makes main shaft rotate and produces mechanical
energy, i.e. steam pushes moving blade to rotate to do work to complete the transformation from kinetic energy to mechanical energy.

*2. Please write down the model number, type, power, rotating speed, heat recovery mode, rated steam parameters of steam turbine
in Thar project.
Model Subcritical, Primary Reheating Type, 2-
Cylinder, 2-Exhaust, Single Shaft, Water
Cooled, Condensing Steam Turbine.
Type N330-16.67/538/538
Power 335 MW
Rotating Speed 3000 r/min
Heat Recovery Mode 3 HP Heaters + 1 Deaerator + 4 LP Heaters
Rated Steam Parameters Fresh Steam (before HP main stop valve):
16.67 MPA/538 oC
Reheat Steam (before IP combined steam
valve): 3.373MPa/538oC

3. Please write down the number, position, type of bearings in various parts of steam turbine in Thar project?
This unit has a total number of 6 supporting bearings, of which 4 bearings belong to the turbine and 2
bearings belong to the generator. In addition, an individual thrust bearing is provided for the positioning of the shaft line and for bearing
the axial force of the rotor. The thrust bearing is located at the rear end of the HIP rotor。
The 4 support bearings of turbine are tilting bushing bearing and elliptical bearing respectively. Thrust bearing of this unit is of flexibly
supported tilting bushing type (i.e. Michel type).

4. What are the functions of Turning Gear Device?

The functions of the turning gear are as follows:
1. Before the unit runs up, have the rotor continuously rotate to avoid warpage of rotor resulted from
differential temperature because of the steam from valve leakage and steam seals etc. At the same
time, check that the rotor is not bent or that no friction is identified on the stationary part.
2. For barring after unit shut down, have the rotor rotate continuously to avoid rotor warpage resulted
from the difference in temperature between the upper casing and lower casing caused by the natural
cooling down of the casings.
3. The unit must be started under the barring conditions, otherwise the rotor cannot start from the static state due to high stationary
friction force.
4. Barring for a long period of time can avoid then non-permanent warpage, which occurs because the unit is at standstill for a long time
or because of other reasons.
5. Be capable of moving the rotor for the simple processing locally.

*5. What are the functions of TSI?

TSI comprises of following functions:
a) Speed Measurement
b) Vibration Measurement
c) Axial Displacement
d) Differential Expansion
e) Shaft Eccentricity
f) Cylinder Expansion
g) Key Phase

*6. What are the functions of bypass?

The function of Steam bypass system is to recycle working medium and reduce exhaust noise. For unit plant, a boiler corresponds to a
turbine. The minimum stable load of boiler is generally about 30% of rated load, while the steam flow is zero before turning and after
tripping and shutdown of turbine; the non-load steam consumption also only accounts for 5%-7% of rated value; thus, when the unit
starts, shut downs or sheds load, there will be a lot of excess steam which is not allowed to directly escape to the atmosphere as it will
not only cause the loss of a large amount of working mediums and heat but also produce serious exhaust noises and pollute
environment. By setting bypass system, extra working medium can be recovered to condenser and exhaust noise can also be reduced.
During load shedding, the bypass system can promptly drain away excess steam to reduce safety valve’s jumping number, which helps to
ensure the tightness of safety valve and prolong its life.
It also assists boiler in controlling the steam temperature to meet the requirements on steam parameter and steam flow from turning,
speed raising and load carrying of turbine.
7. What is DEH system comprised of?
Digital Electro-Hydraulic control system includes following key parts:
1) DEH controller cabinet
2) Man-machine interface
3) Actuator
4) EH oil supply system
5) Emergency trip system

*7. Please draw the diagram of shaft seal system.