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RAN2892: WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing

Introduction to the feature
With RAN2892: WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing feature, all traffic steering actions towards high-loaded LTE cells are suspended.

RAN2892 Benefits
End-user benefits
Blocking of redirections and handovers to high-loaded LTE cells improves the end-user experience.
Operator benefits
Load balancing between WCDMA and LTE is needed when LTE network starts to get high-loaded. Preventing the redirection and
handover attempts to high-loaded LTE cells reduces the need for further redirections and handovers.

Note: This feature is beneficial only in the following cases:

 In the operator's network the LTE1357: LTE-UTRAN load balancing feature (or other feature supporting the 'Reduce
Load in Serving Cell' cause value in RANAP: RELOCATION REQUEST message) and at least one of the following
WCDMA RAN features are enabled:
o RAN2264: Smart LTE Handover
o RAN2717: Smart LTE Layering
o RAN2980: Measurement based LTE Layering

 In the operator's network the LTE57: Inter RAT handover from UTRAN feature (or other feature supporting the 'No
Radio Resources Available in Target cell' cause value in RANAP: RELOCATION PREPARATION FAILURE message) and
the RAN2264: Smart LTE Handover feature are enabled.

RAN2892 functional description

The RAN2892: WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing feature prevents redirections and handovers from WCDMA layer to high-loaded LTE
cells. WCDMA to LTE traffic steering is enabled by the following features:
 RAN2264: Smart LTE Handover
 RAN2717: Smart LTE Layering

 RAN2980: Measurement based LTE Layering

When high load of LTE cell is identified, redirections and handovers from WCDMA to this LTE cell are stopped and a penalty timer
for that cell is started. After the penalty timer expires, RNC returns to the normal traffic steering. The penalty timer is operator-
tunable and controlled with the PenaltyTimerLTELoadHo RNMOBI parameter.
High load in LTE cells is identified when:
 LTE eNodeB initiates handover to WCDMA due to load reasons and the target RNC receives RANAP: RELOCATION REQUEST
with the 'Reduce Load in Serving Cell' cause. This is indicated by the non-zero value of the RANAPCause1LTELoadInHo and/or
the RANAPCause2LTELoadInHo RNMOBI parameter.

Note: Sending the RANAP message with the 'Reduce Load in Serving Cell' cause value in case of LTE to WCDMA
handover is provided by the LTE1357: LTE-UTRAN load balancing feature.

 WCDMA initiates handover to LTE cell which experiences high load and eNodeB rejects the handover due to load reasons.
Source RNC receives RANAP: RELOCATION PREPARATION FAILURE message with the 'No Radio Resources Available in Target
 cell' cause. This is indicated by the non-zero value of the RANAPCause1LTELoadOutHo and/or
the RANAPCause2LTELoadInHo RNMOBI parameter.

Note: Sending the RANAP message with 'No Radio Resources Available in Target cell' cause value in case of WCDMA to
LTE handover rejection is provided by the LTE57: Inter RAT handover from UTRAN feature.

If the RNC receives another high-load indication from the LTE cell before the penalty timer has expired, the penalty timer is
restarted for that cell.
When redirection from WCDMA to LTE is initiated, the under-penalty LTE cells belonging to the LTE frequency layers selected for
redirection are signaled to UE in the RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message as blacklisted cells. While attempting to switch to the
suitable LTE cell, UE does not consider any of the under-penalty cells. The source RRM Handover Control entity informs all the other
RRM Handover Control entities in the RNC about the under-penalty LTE cells.

Figure: Overview of the RAN2892: WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing feature in Nokia-based radio network.
 Note: Some early Rel-8 UEs have problems during e-UTRA Compressed Mode measurements. For more information on
this issue, see Technical Support Note 149, section 5.20, available in Product Information Center.

The use of the feature can be allowed or denied for certain UEs with the Device Detection mechanism. For more information on
Device Detection mechanism, see RAN3082: Device Detection.

RAN2892 System impact

Interdependencies between features
This feature requires that the following feature is activated in RNC:
 RAN2176: LTE PS Handover

This feature is beneficial only in the following cases:

 In the operator's network the LTE1357: LTE-UTRAN load balancing feature (or other feature supporting the 'Reduce Load in
Serving Cell' cause value in RANAP: RELOCATION REQUEST message) and at least one of the following WCDMA RAN features
are enabled:
o RAN2264: Smart LTE Handover
o RAN2717: Smart LTE Layering
o RAN2980: Measurement based LTE Layering

 In the operator's network the LTE57: Inter RAT handover from UTRAN feature (or other feature supporting the 'No Radio
Resources Available in Target cell' cause value in RANAP: RELOCATION PREPARATION FAILURE message) and the RAN2264:
Smart LTE Handover feature are enabled.

Impact on interfaces
This feature impacts Iu interface. Reduced number of redirections and handovers results in reduced signaling load.
Impact on network and network element management tools
This feature has no impact on network management or network element management tools.
Impact on system performance and capacity
This feature prevents the redirection and handover attempts to high-loaded LTE cells and therefore reduces need for further
redirections and handovers.

RAN2892 Reference data

Requirements

Table: RAN2892 hardware and software requirements

RAS IPA-RNC mcRNC Flexi Multiradio BTS Flexi Multiradio 10 BTS Flexi Lite BTS

WCDMA 16 RNC16 mcRNC16 Support not required Support not required Support not required

OMS NetAct MSC SGSN MGW UE

WCDMA OMS 16 NetAct 16.2 Support not required Support not required Support not required 3GPP Rel-8

This feature does not require any new or additional hardware.

Alarms
There are no alarms related to this feature.
Measurements and counters

Table: New counters

introduced by
RAN2892

Counter Counter name Measurement

ID

M1010C270 INCOMING HANDOVERS FROM LTE DUE TO LTE CELL LOAD Inter System
Hard Handover

M1010C271 LTE ISHO PREPARATION FAIL DUE TO LTE CELL LOAD Inter System
Hard Handover

M1010C272 BLOCKED HANDOVERS TO LTE DUE TO LTE CELL LOAD Inter System
Hard Handover

M1010C273 BLOCKED REDIRECTIONS TO LTE DUE TO LTE CELL LOAD Inter System
Hard Handover

M1006C322 RRC CONN REL WITH BLACKLISTED LTE CELLS RRC signalling

Note: Along with the M1006C322: RRC CONN REL WITH BLACKLISTED LTE CELLS counter update, one of the
following counters is also updated: M1006C262, M1006C263, M1006C291, M1006C310.

Table: Existing counters related to RAN2892

Counter ID Counter name Measurement

M1006C262 RRC CONN RELEASE LTE REDIR DUE TO INACTIVITY RRC signalling
 M1006C263 RRC CONN RELEASE LTE REDIR DUE TO CH TYPE SWITCH RRC signalling

M1006C291 RRC CONN RELEASE LTE REDIR DUE TO CS CALL RELEASE RRC signalling

M1006C310 RRC CONN RELEASE LTE REDIR IN DCH RRC signalling

Key performance indicators

There are no key performance indicators related to this feature.
Parameters

Table: New parameters introduced by RAN2892

Full name Abbreviated name Managed object

WCDMA LTE Load Balancing Enabled WCDMALTELoadBalEnabled WCEL

RANAP Cause 1 LTE Load Incoming Handover RANAPCause1LTELoadInHo RNMOBI

RANAP Cause 2 LTE Load Incoming Handover RANAPCause2LTELoadInHo RNMOBI

RANAP Cause 1 LTE Load Outgoing Handover RANAPCause1LTELoadOutHo RNMOBI

RANAP Cause 2 LTE Load Outgoing Handover RANAPCause2LTELoadOutHo RNMOBI

Penalty Timer LTE Load Handover PenaltyTimerLTELoadHo RNMOBI

Table: Parameters modified by RAN2892

Full name Abbreviated name Managed object

RNC Options RncOptions RNC

ADJE Identifier ADJEId ADJE

Tracking Area Code AdjeTAC ADJE

Whitelist features Whitelist WDEV

Blacklist features Blacklist WDEV

Commands
There are no commands related to this feature.
Sales information
Table: RAN2892 sales information

BSW/ASW SW component License control in network element

ASW RAN RNC LK

Activating RAN2892: WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing

Purpose
Purpose
Follow this procedure to activate the RAN2892: WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing feature.
Before you start
After the activation of this feature, there is no need to restart RNC or BTS. Activation procedure does not require cell locking.
This feature requires that the following feature is activated in RNC:
 RAN2176: LTE PS Handover

This feature is beneficial only in the following cases:

 In the operator's network the LTE1357: LTE-UTRAN load balancing feature (or other feature supporting the 'Reduce Load in
Serving Cell' cause value in RANAP: RELOCATION REQUEST message) and at least one of the following WCDMA RAN features
are enabled:
o RAN2264: Smart LTE Handover
o RAN2717: Smart LTE Layering
o RAN2980: Measurement based LTE Layering

 In the operator's network the LTE57: Inter RAT handover from UTRAN feature (or other feature supporting the 'No Radio
Resources Available in Target cell' cause value in RANAP: RELOCATION PREPARATION FAILURE message) and the RAN2264:
Smart LTE Handover feature are enabled.

Activate the license for the RAN2892: WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing feature using WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing license key.
To set the feature state to ON, use the following command:

 for IPA-RNC:
ZW7M:FEA=5450:ON;

 for mcRNC:
set license feature-mgmt code 0000005450 feature-admin-state on

To enable WCDMA to LTE load balancing, WCDMA cells need to have neighboring LTE cells defined with the ADJE object. The ADJE
object is required to activate RAN2264: Smart LTE Handover feature. If the RAN2264: Smart LTE Handover feature is not active in
the cell, then the operator needs to configure ADJE object. Creating ADJE object in the cell does not require license or activation of
the RAN2264: Smart LTE Handover feature.
Configuring ADJE object requires assigning values to the following parameters:
 AdjLIdentifier
 AdjeCellId
 AdjeENodeBId
 AdjeMCC
 AdjeMNC
 AdjeMNCLength
 AdjePhysicalCellId
 AdjeTAC

The value of the AdjeTAC parameter is not used by the RAN2892: WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing feature.
To blacklist or whitelist UEs for this feature, use the parameters of WDEV object (provided by the RAN3082: Device
Detection feature).

Note: Some early Rel-8 UEs have problems during e-UTRA Compressed Mode measurements. For more information on
this issue, see Technical Support Note 149, section 5.20, available in Product Information Center.

Procedure

1 Open OMS Element Manager.

2 Go to Topology and expand the ROOT directory.

3 Configure the WCEL object:

Sub-steps

a) Go to the WCEL object using the following path: RNC object ► WBTSs folder ► WBTS
object ► WCELs folder ► WCEL object

b) Right-click on the WCEL object and select Edit parameters.

c) On the Handover Control tab, set the value of the WCDMALTELoadBalEnabled parameter
to Enabled.

Verifying RAN2892: WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing

Purpose
Follow this procedure to verify if the RAN2892: WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing feature works properly in the network.
Before you start
Activate the following features:
 in WCDMA cell:
o RAN2264: Smart LTE Handover
 in LTE cell, which is defined in the ADJE object of the WCDMA cell:
o LTE57: Inter RAT handover from UTRAN or other feature supporting the 'No Radio Resources Available in Target cell' cause
value in RANAP: RELOCATION PREPARATION FAILURE message
o LTE1357: LTE-UTRAN load balancing or other feature supporting the 'Reduce Load in Serving Cell' cause value in RANAP:
RELOCATION REQUEST message
Make sure you have access to the following applications:
 RNW Measurement Management

 RNW Measurement Presentation

Procedure

1 Open the RNW Measurement Management application.

2 Start the M1006 RRC signalling and M1010 Inter System Hard Handover measurements. Wait for the
measurement interval to begin.

Note: In case of 15-minute interval, data collection starts every quarter. For example 11:00, 11:15, 11:30,
11:45.

For details on using the RNW Measurement Management application, see Using the RNW Measurement Management
Application in Managing and viewing RNC measurements.

3 Generate a high load in the LTE cell defined in the ADJE object of the WCDMA cell.

The purpose of this step is to trigger handovers from LTE to WCDMA due to high load in the LTE cell.

4 During the high load of LTE cell, trigger WCDMA to LTE handover.

The purpose of this step is to obtain rejection of WCDMA to LTE handover attempt due to high load in the LTE cell.
Triggers for WCDMA to LTE handover of HSDPA users are specified in the RAN2264: Smart LTE Handoverfeature
description.

5 Open the RNW Measurement Presentation application.

6 Check if the values of the following counters have been collected:

 M1010C270: INCOMING HANDOVERS FROM LTE DUE TO LTE CELL LOAD

 M1010C271: LTE ISHO PREPARATION FAIL DUE TO LTE CELL LOAD

  M1010C272: BLOCKED HANDOVERS TO LTE DUE TO LTE CELL LOAD

For details on using the RNW Measurement Presentation application, see Using RNW Measurement
Presentation in Managing and viewing RNC measurements.

Expected outcome
The values of the following counters have increased:
 M1010C270: INCOMING HANDOVERS FROM LTE DUE TO LTE CELL LOAD

 M1010C271: LTE ISHO PREPARATION FAIL DUE TO LTE CELL LOAD

 M1010C272: BLOCKED HANDOVERS TO LTE DUE TO LTE CELL LOAD

Further information
Verifying the RAN2892: WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing feature can be also conducted with RAN2717: Smart LTE Layering or
the RAN2980: Measurement based LTE Layering feature instead of the RAN2264: Smart LTE Handoverfeature. Then in step 4,
during the high load of LTE cell, trigger WCDMA to LTE layering procedure. Triggers for WCDMA to LTE layering are specified in
the RAN2717: Smart LTE Layering and the RAN2980: Measurement based LTE Layering feature descriptions. The purpose of this
step is to obtain sending to UE the RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message with EUTRA Target Info IE containig blacklisted LTE cell
that is in the high load. If the RAN2717: Smart LTE Layering and/or the RAN2980: Measurement based LTE Layering features are
used for verification, the values of counters M1006C322: RRC CONN REL WITH BLACKLISTED LTE CELLS and M1010C270:
INCOMING HANDOVERS FROM LTE DUE TO LTE CELL LOAD are expected to increase.

Deactivating RAN2892: WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing

Purpose
Follow this procedure to deactivate the RAN2892: WCDMA-LTE Load Balancing feature.
Procedure

1 Open OMS Element Manager.

2 Go to Topology and expand the ROOT directory.

3 Configure the WCEL object:

Sub-steps

a) Go to the WCEL object using the following path: RNC object ► WBTSs folder ► WBTS
object ► WCELs folder ► WCEL object

b) Right-click on the WCEL object and select Edit parameters.

c) On the Handover Control tab, set the value of the WCDMALTELoadBalEnabled parameter
to Disabled.