Cargo Pumping System

1
 Oil Tanker sizes

• Handy size: 20,000 – 30,000 Dwt

• Handy max: Approx 45,000 Dwt
• Panamax: Approx 79,000 Dwt
• Aframax : 79,000 – 120,000 Dwt
• Suezmax : 120,000 - 180,000 Dwt
• VLCC : 200,000 – 300,000 Dwt
• ULCC : Over 300,000 Dwt

2
3
4
5
Liquid Cargo Handling On Ship Consist
Of
1. Purging
2. Cooling (Gas Carriers)
3. Loading
4. Carrying
5. Discharging
6. Gas freeing

6
 Liquid Cargo Handling
All above operations required proper planning
and accurate execution of the plan.
• We need to prepare cargo tank for loading
prior arrival loading ports.
• This includes “purging” operation. This means
inert gas need to be filled in cargo tanks to
displace the air the tank contents.
• This is done by using inert gas system
provided on board.
7
 Purging
• Purging is continued till oxygen content of all
cargo oil tanks is lowered below 8% by volume
and the tank has positive pressure.
• In gas carriers, cargo tanks need to be cooled
to same temperature as incoming cargo to
avoid thermal shock.
• In gas carrier and in case of some sensitive
chemicals pure Nitrogen is used as inert gas.

8
 Prior Arrival To Load Port
• All equipment used in cargo work are tried out
and tested to confirm their correct functioning.
• Cargo tank tightness is also tested prior loading
the cargo.
• Crew meeting is held and everybody is informed
about intended cargo operation, nature of
cargo, MSDS is read out and precautions taken
are explained.
• Loading and de-ballasting sequence is discussed
among the concern parties.
9
 Prior Loading
• Ensure ship shore safety checklist is complied
with.
• Ensure Tank IG Valves are opened and locked.
• All overfill alarms tried out.
• Crew is well briefed of Nature of cargo.
• Loading Plan is complete and understood by
all.

10
 During Loading
• Always start loading at slow rate.
• Confirm no leaks.
• Confirm cargo is loaded into designated tank.
• Take the cargo samples.
• Increase load rate only after all found in order.
• Continuously monitor the loading.
• Monitor of levels in tanks not being discharged

11
 During Loading
• Be vigilant
• Ensure Draft & Trim is as per plan.
• The Stress and Stability of the vessel is under
control.
• Tank pressure is adequate.
• Confirm venting as agreed upon.
• Confirm Topping off procedures understood
• Confirm close communications are maintained on
board.

12
 Topping Off
• Advise the terminal when the final tanks are
to be topped off and request the terminal, in
adequate time, to reduce the loading rate.
• After topping off individual tanks, master
valves should be shut, where possible, to
provide two valve segregation of loaded tanks.
• Ullages should be checked from time to time.

13
 Upon Completion

• Ensure all valves are closed

• Confirm all gauging equipments are cleaned
and secured
• In many cases topping up with I.G will be
necessary prior departure.

14
 Loaded Voyage
• The cargo tank ullages should be monitored
on regular basis.
• A positive pressure of minimum 100 mm aq to
maintained.
• The ballast tanks should also be sounded on
daily basis.
• The atmosphere in the ballast tanks should be
checked and recorded.

15
 Loaded Voyage

• During the passage, carry out maintenance, if

required, on IG / Boiler system and cargo
handling system.

16
 Loaded Voyage

• 24 hours prior arrival discharge port, all cargo

pumps and other equipment are tried out.
• Caro system and IG system all alarms and trips
are tried out. Cargo tanks topped up with IG.

17
 Loaded Voyage
• Prior arrival discharging berth ensure that
cargo system, if steam operated, is thoroughly
warmed up, COPT rolling on local control. If
hydraulically operated cargo system, then
ensure all power pack are working, and
hydraulic oil is circulated in the system.
• Cargo discharging plan is explained and
understood by all concerned parties.

18
 Discharging
Cargo discharge must not be started until:-
• All relevant cargo tanks, including slop tanks,
are common with the IG main.
• All other cargo tank openings, including vent
valves, are securely closed.
• The inert gas plant is operating
• The deck isolating valve is open
• Cargo plan is well understood.
19
 During Discharging

• Always start at slow rate.

• Increase discharge rate only after confirming.
that all systems are working normal.
• Monitor the discharge operations.
continuously.
• Be vigilant.
• Ensure regular pump room rounds are made.

20
 Ballast Voyage

• Always should monitor the ballast tank

sounding and surface of ballast water in the
tanks.
• Ensure oxygen concentration of 5% or less is
always maintained in the cargo tanks, and a
positive pressure is always maintained in the
cargo tanks.

21
 Heating systems

Some cargoes having high pour point require

heating they are:-
• Bitumen
• Heavy lubricating oils
• High-pour-point gas oils
• Heavy fuel oils
• Some crude oils

22
 How is heating done
• Steam heating coils are generally used for
heating cargo tanks.
• Wing tanks generally require more steam
than centre tanks.
• Care must be taken prior, during and after
using heating coils.

23
 Care during heating

Prior commencement of heating always Ensure:

• Lines are well drained and warmed up.
• Ensure no leaks in the heating coil.
• Do not use leaking coils.
• A close co-operation between deck and engine
department is required.
• A close monitoring of temperature is required.
• Always open drain cocks when you close the tank
inlet valve.

24