Wastewater Operating Data Sheet Calculation Explanation

As of May 24, 2018

Calculations presented below may need some changes. Some of them are done through
experiments and may need to be evaluated again. Other formulas may not be needed once certain
instruments are installed on the system.

Daily Operations Summary

Production Hours

𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 1 (𝑝𝑝) = 6 − 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 6 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

We can also use difference in running hours of feed pumps of decanter to determine production
hours but running hours of HMI is problematic. It records less than the actual value so we are basing it
on downtime of decanters.

𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 2 (𝑝𝑝) = 𝑝 𝑝3401/𝑝3421 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

Possible Sources of Error: Accuracy and consistency in gathering of data. Gathering of data at the right
time as the incident happened. Gathering data for 6 hour interval takes around 3 minutes if written
down one by one. This can be brought down to less than a minute by taking pictures in the HMI and
write it down later. This can also cause error but it is not that significant as long as 6 hour interval is
consistent. Running hours recorded by HMi is a little bit of.

Chemical Consumption

Capacity is measured by keeping of time until a certain volume is occupied by the dosing screw.
Although manual for Primary Flocculant Make Up Unit (Prominent Ultromat ULFA8000) contains data
about its capacity based on set frequency, we are using the experimental data. This type of calculation
explains raw chemical consumption, meaning computation includes that which falls into the last
chamber of the chemical make up unit plus chemical dosed into the system. We are using this kind of
calculation because we want to compute all raw powdered chemical which is the remaining stock of
flocculants in the chemical room and in the hopper.

*conc.=concentration
 cons.=consumption
chem.=chemical

𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 1 (𝑝𝑝) = 𝑝 𝑝𝑝1901 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 × 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

Possible Source of Errors: Running hours recorded by HMi is a little bit off. Actual capacity of the dosing
screw, if based on the set frequency, is not equivalent to the given data in the operation manual.
Operator might need to calibrate or use different converter in solving the actual capacity. It is probably
because of the stacked chemical (hardened chemical) in the dosing screw line that causes deviation of
values.

Including changes in percentage level of flocculant make up unit can tell us the exact
consumption of chemical by the system. Expecting all 2 chambers are closed and only the last chamber
provides the solution. The volume of each chamber is 2545 L.

𝑝 1000 𝑝𝑝 1𝑝𝑝
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 ( ) × ×
𝛥𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑝𝑝) = 𝑝𝑝 1𝑝 1000𝑝
𝑝%𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 × 2545 𝑝

𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝. 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝. 2 (𝑝𝑝) = 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 1 (𝑝𝑝) − 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑝𝑝)

Possible Source of Errors: Aside from the said possible errors, because of the additional formula, level
must be recorded at the right time and within the 6 hour interval. Concentration is affected also by the
dosing screw output. HMI concentration must also be converted by using conversion factors in the
operating sheet under dosing values. The conversion factors used in the operating sheet might need
calibration again. Concentration also might have been a mixed concentration from the previous ones, so
operators have to figure this out and takes a lot of time.

Another way of calculating consumption is converting the amount of chemical dosing capacities
into chemical content in kg. But if we do it this way, there’s a higher chance that operators might forget
to record changes in data because it is not within the 6 hour interval and that it is not a routine activity.
If operators is keen in recording data, using this calculation, we can also have the exact consumption of
chemical by the system.

𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝.

𝑝𝑝𝑝. % 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝. = 𝑝 × 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝.
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝.
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
𝑝𝑝𝑝. 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑝 × 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

Total time value is decided by the operators. In our recent operating data sheet we use 6 hours.

𝑝𝑝2501 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑝𝑝) = 𝑝𝑝𝑝. % 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 × 𝑝𝑝𝑝. 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

𝑝𝑝3301 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑝𝑝) = 𝑝𝑝𝑝. % 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 × 𝑝𝑝𝑝. 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
 𝑝𝑝3321 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑝𝑝) = 𝑝𝑝𝑝. % 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 × 𝑝𝑝𝑝. 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝. 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝. 3 (𝑝𝑝) = 𝑝𝑝2501, +𝑝𝑝3301, + 𝑝𝑝3321 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑝𝑝)

We can also do this for the secondary chemical consumption by adding chemical consumption
of FU2601 and FU2701 using the same format that is shown above.
Possible Source of Errors: Dosing screw capacity is based on the set frequency. Operators need to have
the right conversion factor for different set frequency (primary flocculant make up unit station) and for
every set dosing screw capacity (secondary flocculant make up unit station).Operators precision in
recording time and the time when the next concentration will take place. Capacity of the pump may
change anytime and if it is worn out the actual value will differ largely. This type of calculations has a lot
of work to do.

Flocculants Stock Remaining

Remaining flocculants was first stated as chemical bags remaining in the chemical room.
Operators are checking the inventory every month and the data has to be reset if remaining flocculants
in data sheet is different from the actual by 100 kilogram (4bags). Value is then changed its format into
time. This also means that dosing screw capacity must be evaluated again.

𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑝𝑝) = 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑝𝑝) −

𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑝𝑝)

Possible Source of Errors: Operators might not know how chemical consumption is taken or how does it
gets its value. Chemical inventory was not done properly.

Flocculants Runout Time

𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓

= 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 + 𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓)/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓)

If recent consumption is zero, then the flocculants will run out at the same date displayed
yesterday.

Possible Source of Errors: Everyday consumption is different. Flocculants runout time is always changing
and no fix date will be displayed.
Caustic Soda Flakes Remaining

𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓)

𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓)
=
1 1
+
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓(𝑓𝑓/𝑓) 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓(𝑓/𝑓𝑓) × (1𝑓𝑓/1000𝑓) × (1000𝑓𝑓/1𝑓)
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓) = 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓) × 25 −
𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓)

Possible Source of Errors: Chemical inventory is wrong, remaining stock needs evaluation.

NaOH Solution Consumption

Change of IBC tank levels is recorded to get total consumption.

Possible Source of Errors: Value might be wrong in the tenths digit. IBC tank level has no ruler for tenths
digit values.

Caustic Soda Stock Left

𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓)

= 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓) − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓)

Possible Source of Errors: Caustic soda inventory is not right and faulty counting of bags used.

Caustic Soda Runout Time:

𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓

𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓)
=
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓) × 25 𝑓𝑓 − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓)
+ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

If consumption of caustic soda solution is zero the result of mathematical equation in the cell is
the current date, so it is programmed to copy the yesterdays runout time if it is so.
Possible Source of Errors: Caustic soda inventory is not right and faulty counting of bags used.
Consumption is different everyday, so dates might be inconsistent.

Chemical Dosage

*wastewater flow rate = wwf

flocculant flow rate = ff
post dilution flow rate = pdf
percent concentration = % conc.

1000𝑓𝑓 1000𝑓𝑓 1 𝑓 𝑓
1 𝑓 × 1𝑓 × 100 × (% 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓. )(𝑓𝑓) × 𝑓𝑓(𝑓)
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓/𝑓) =
𝑓3 1000𝑓 𝑓 𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓 ( 𝑓 ) × 3 + 𝑓𝑓𝑓(𝑓) + 𝑓𝑓(𝑓)
1𝑓

Chemical dosage is the amount of dry chemical in the combination of all fluids in contact.
Although in the denominator of equation there we used flocculant flow rate which contains chemical,
when we convert it into purely water, we will just arive back to the original value. Because to get the
pure water we need the value of the used chemical first and that is numerator divided by concentration
and still the resulting value is flocculant flow rate.

If one equipment is not running and would cause an error in the cell, then parameters in solving
chemical dosage is being copied from other equipments and would result in similar values.

Possible Source of Errors: Validity of concentration and flow rates.

Influent from DST

𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓3 ) = 𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓3 ) + 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓3 )

A separate document file for explanation and example of solving bypass and a calculator in a
spreadsheet is available.

Possible Sources of Error: Calculation of bypass is wrong and flow counters are recorded past or before
the interval.
Lagoon/ Creek Effluent Discharge

It is based on the percentage which is also based on the amount of time where it is opened to of
the total discharge. Total discharge is using conservation of mass. Caustic soda introduced is not
included, can be disregarded, too low to consider as part of discharge.

𝛥𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑓3 ) = 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝, 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝, 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
108 𝑝3
𝛥𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑓3 ) = 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 % 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 ×
100
108 𝑝3
𝛥𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑓3 ) = 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 % 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 ×
100
4051 𝑝3
𝛥𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑓3 ) = 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 % 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 ×
100
3 4583 𝑝3
𝛥𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑓 ) = 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 % 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 ×
100
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑓3 ) = 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 × 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ÷ 1000
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑓3 ) = 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 × 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ÷ 1000
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑓3 )
= 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝, 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝, 𝑝𝑝𝑝. 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑓3 ) + 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓3 )
+ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓3 )
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑓3 ) = 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓3 ) − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓3 ) + 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓3 )
% 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 ÷ 24
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝/𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑓3 ) = % 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 × 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑓3 )
Fresh substrate, oil and etc. are determined separately and being evaluated by the operator at
the moment it is being dumped.

Possible Sources of Error: Wrong calculations of auxiliaries, wrong inputs in operating sheets, using hmi
values and not using the actual value which is determined using experiments and the calculator
provided in the google drive.

Solids Produced

It is the average solids divided by 10 and multiplied by assumed density, 1000 and the influent
from DST. Average solids divided by 10 represents the compressed volume of solids on 1 liter of influent.
Through experiment for example, 400 mL of visible solids out of 1L when compressed reduces to 40 mL.
This is done by filtering with paper and the solids filtered were pressed inside a smaller beaker. By
dividing average solids with 10, we can practically say that it is volume (mL) of solids in 1 L.
 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑝𝑝/𝑝)
𝑝𝑝
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 ( 𝑝 ) 1𝑝 1𝑝3 𝑝𝑝
= × × × 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 ( 3 )
10 1000𝑝𝑝 1000𝑝 𝑝
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑝𝑝/𝑝3 )
1000𝑝
= 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑝𝑝/𝑝) ×
1𝑝3

𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓)

= 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓𝑓/𝑓3 ) × 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓 (𝑓3 )

Possible Sources of Error:

Operators have to be consistent when recording data. They have to be exactly 6 hours apart in
gathering data or else the amount of Influent from DST is affected.
Average Solids is the average of 4 samples from DST. Each samples is taken every 6 hours and a
total of 4 samples every 24 hours. They are taken every 10’s and 4’s (e.g., 4PM, 4AM). Average Solids
used in calculation is based on 24 hours while Operating Data Sheet calculates Solids Produced within 6
hours only. Average Solids for 6 hour period might be different with 24 hour period. Samples taken only
tell us the current sludge volume. With this calculation, operators won’t be able to determine even the
percentage of error.
How sample is taken might also be one of the sources of error plus mixers are night running all
the time and agitation is not constant in every area. Waste and slurries, that are dumped in the Inlet
Collection Tank affects the solid concentration that will be passed on to DST, must be consistent and
proportional. Proportionality of dumping may also affect the slurries’ assumed density.

Downtime

Downtime for specific reasons within 6 hours are all added up.

Possible Source of Error: downtime was recorded late or advance.