FIRST AID ( pa-unang lunas) – An immediate care given to an injured person  Incision -a cut with smooth edges

or suddenly ill before an efficient and qualified medical care.  Penetration & Puncture -injury from a sharp object
 Avulsion -piece of skin/tissue torn loose and hanging from the body
OBJECTIVES :
Minimal bleeding – samad nga gamai ang pag dugo
 PROLONG LIFE FIRST AID
 Inspect for any foreign matter ( bato gagmay , balas)
 ALLEVIATE PAIN AND SUFFERING  Swab with antiseptic solution (betadine) using cotton balls.
 Cover with a light dressing / gauze if necessary.
 TO PREVENT FURTHER HARM AND INJURY
Severe bleeding – samad nga dako ug kusog ang pag dugo.
 TO GIVE PATIENT A RECOGNIZED STANDARD OF CARE. FIRST AID (how to control bleeding)
GOLDEN ROLE  Do not remove any penetrating object.
 Apply direct pressure to stop any bleeding
“To bridge the gap between the ill/ injured from a medical care”.
 Apply bulky dressing
 Apply a firm roller bandage / triangular bandage
 Rest and elevate injured limb / part.
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES  Use pressure points ( pulso)
 Tourniquet technique – LAST RESORT
WOUNDS (samad) – injuries to the skin, muscles, nerves, blood vessels
AMPUTATED PART (NAPUTOL NGA PARTE SA LAWAS)
2 TYPES OF WOUNDS Ex. Kamot, tiil, tudlo/finger

 OPEN WOUND  Collect amputated part and keep dry, do not wash or clean.
 CLOSED WOUND  Seal the amputated part in plastic bag or wrap in similar waterproof
material.
 Place in iced water — do not allow the part to come in direct
OPEN WOUND - A soft tissue injury resulting in breaking of the skin. (samad contact with ice.
nga naai dugo makita o ni gawas)
CARE FOR OPEN WOUNDS
KINDS OF OPEN WOUND  Expose the wound
 Control Bleeding
 Scratches and Abrasions( gasgas/garas) - caused by scraping and  Prevent Contamination
grazing on the skin  Dress and bandage.
 Lacerations -cut skin with jagged edges  Cover the patient. “ keep the patient calm”
 Treat for shock.
  Transport patient as soon as possible.

 Reminder : use personal protective equipment and secure scene.

DRESSING
Any material used to cover a wound that helps control bleeding and
also aids in the prevention of additional contamination.

BANDAGE
Any material use to hold a dressing in place. PHASES OF TRIANGULAR BANDAGE

OCCLUSIVE DRESSING  OPEN FACE

Any water resistant material (plastic or waxed paper) that is applied  BROAD CRAVAT
to a wound to prevent the entry of air and loss of moisture from internal  SEMI CRAVAT
organs.  NARROWED CRAVAT

BULKY DRESSING OPEN PHASE

Multiple stacked dressings made to form single dressing 2-3 cm
thick, such as a thick sanitary napkin or any similar material.  Head Bandage
 Face Bandage
 Chest Bandage
BANDAGING  Arm sling

 A way of holding dressing in place over a wound, to create pressure CRAVAT PHASE
over a bleeding wound for control of hemorrhage, to secure a splint  Forehead bandage
to an injured part of the body, and to provide support to an injured  Neck bandage
part.  Jaw/ears/cheek bandage
 Shoulder Bandage
PARTS OF TRIANGULAR BANDAGE  Elbow Bandage
 APEX  Hip bandage
 BASE  Knee Bandage
 SIDES  Sprained Knee Bandage
 FACE  Leg bandage
FRACTURES (bali) fracture immobilization keeps bone fragments from causing an open
are breaks or cracks in the bone. Other possible injuries to bones are wound and prevents contamination and possible infection.
Dislocation.

KINDS OF FRACTURES FIRST AID FOR OPEN FRACTURE

 Closed (Simple) - bones are broken but no wounds (external) are  Stop Bleeding
seen.( Bali sa sulod, wla nigawas)  Apply dressing and bandage
 Open (Comp0und) - bones are broken with connecting wound to  Immobilize the injured area.
the skin surface. (nabali nga bukog, nigawas sa panit)  splint
 Care for shock.
DISLOCATION  Transport properly.
 Send to physician.
--Injury in which a bone is moved out of its normal position in a joint and
remains that way. (wala na plastar ang joint)
SPLINTING
SPRAINS- injury in which ligaments are stretched or partially torn, the technique to secure the part of the body that is injured to
commonly associated with joint injuries. (nalisa, nabikil ) decrease further damage or injury to that part of the body, and
to make the individual more comfortable until treatment can be
STRAINS- injury in which a muscle and tendon are over-extended. (bikog) initiated.

Signs and Symptoms of Purposes of Splinting

Musculoskeletal Injuries  Immobilize a possibly fractured part of the body.
 Swelling  Lessen Pain.
 Pain upon moving the area above the injured part.  Prevent further damage to soft tissues.
 Discoloration  Reduce the risk of serious bleeding.
 Tenderness  Reduce the possibility of loss of circulation in the injured part.
 Deformity  Prevent closed fractures from becoming open fractures.

 Reminder : always immobilize / stabilze the injured part
If bone is injured , stabilize on the joints
If joint is injured, stabilize on the bone
Purposes of Immobilizing Fractures
 A fracture is immobilized to prevent the sharp edges of the bone
from moving and cutting tissue, muscle, blood vessels, and nerves.
This reduces pain and helps prevent or control shock. In a closed
Basic Principles of Splinting
 Splint only if you can do it without causing more pain or discomfort
to the victim.
 Splint an injury in the position you find it.
 Apply splints so that it immobilizes the fractured bone and the joints
above and below the fracture.
 Check circulation before and after splinting.