Section A

[20 marks]
Part 1

Read the following text.

The halogens are elements that are reactive non-metals. They include fluorine, chlorine ,
bromine and iodine. Molecules of these elements have two atoms joined by a single covalent
bond. Fluorine, F² is a pale yellow gas; chlorine, Cl², is a greenish yellow gas; bromine, Br², is
a dark red liquid and iodine, I², is a purple black solid.

The halogens are all poisonous and will attack skin. Their reactivity decreases in the order
F² >Cl² > Br² > I².Flourine acts explosively with many substances; iodine reacts only slowly,
if at all. The halogens combine with metals to form ionic salts called halides. Most halides are
soluble in water and many are found in sea water. Halogens also form compounds with non-
metals such as carbon and sulphur.

Fluorine can be made by electrolyzing a liquid mixture of hydrogen fluoride with

potassium fluoride at 100 º C. Fluorine is used to make fluorocarbons, such as the plastic
PTFE, and to purify nuclear fuel. Chlorine is made by the electrolysis of sodium chloride
solution. It is used to sterilize drinking and bathing water, and for the manufacture of bleach
and plastics. Bromine is made by reacting chloride with magnesium bromide from sea water.
Similarly, iodine is made when chlorine reacts with iodide salts from seaweeds. These two
halogens are used in the manufacture of photographic film, medicines and antiseptics

Based on the information in the text, complete the table below.

Halogens Physical Appearance

Fluorine 1

2 Greenish –yellow gas

3 4

5 Purple- black solid

Most Reactive Halogen Least Reactive Halogen

6 7

How Is Iodine Made ? Uses Of Iodine

8 9

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Part 2

Read the following passage and complete the given task.

Living things are divided into two categories, the animal kingdom and the plant kingdom. The
animal kingdom is further divided into unicellular or one-celled organism and multicellular
organism which are made up of more than one cell. Thus, unicellular organism are the simplest
of life forms.
Multicellular organisms can be further divided into vertebrates and invertebrates.
Invertebrates are animals without backbones. Vertebrates, or animals with backbones can be
classified into five main catergories, namely mammals, reptiles, birds, fishes and amphibians.
Mammals are warm blooded and have outer coverings of hair or fur. They give birth to their
young. In contrast, reptiles such as lizards and crocodiles are cold-blooded creatures and have
dry scaly skin.
Birds have a protective covering of feathers to keep them warm. Like reptiles, fishes have
scaly skin. They have fins to help them swim. Amphibians can live on land and water and have
moist skin.
Invertebrates are divided into four subgroups, namely insects, myriapods, crustaceans and
arachnids. Insects have segmented bodies and three pairs of jointed legs. Like insects,
myriapods such as centipedes and millipedes have segmented bodies and many legs. On the
other hand, crustaceans such as prawns and crabs have hard shells and pincers. The next group,
arachnids have four pairs of walking legs and a keen sense of touch. Examples of arachnids are
spiders and scorpians.

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Based on the text, complete the chart below.

Living things

Animal kingdom Plant kingdom

1 2

3 8

4 5 7

Reptiles 6

9 Arachnids

Myriapods 10

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 Section B
[30 marks]

You are advised to spend 45 minutes on this section.

Below are excerpts from a discussion about the pros and cons of cloning.

Speaker A : Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism through non-
sexual means. The first cloned mammal was a sheep called Dolly. There is no
issue
at all in the cloning of Dolly. The project is clearly non- controversial.

Speaker B : I agree with you. After all, Nature has been cloning organisms for billions of years.
When a plant sends out a runner(a modified stem), a new plant grows when the
runner takes root. Cloning is also done to produce an organism with the desired
quality, for example a prized orchid….

Speaker A : Sheep are cloned to produce insulin for medical needs. If we have to rely on sexual
reproduction or natural breeding, we will risk not getting the materials we want…

Speaker B : Besides, clones may be made to provide organs for transplant to solve the problem
of mismatching and non- compatibility between donor and recepient…

Speaker C : Well, there are mental and emotional problems too. If you had a few clones
walking
around, it would be unsettling for you and your clones. It would also be ridiculous
to
clone dead pets and loved ones…Human beings would not be unique and
individualistic anymore…

Speaker B : I think we should limit cloning to animals and plants. Human cloning can be
permitted only for medical purposes…

Speaker C Yes, I don’t think we should play God…

Write an article on cloning for publication in a Science Bulletin produced by the Science Society.

Your article must include the following:

• Both points of view

• Your opinion in cloning
• Any other relevant information of your own.

Your article should not be less than 200 words

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