Human Anatomy & Physiology I – Dr.

Sullivan
List of AXIAL SKELETON Structures to Identify on Cadaver photos and
Text/Power Point Illustrations
Each item in Bold Print is a bone.
The regular print items below the bone are names of surface markings on that particular bone.
The numbers pertain to the labeled images that can be found on the Lab Images page of the Unit VIIIa
Content Website
You will NOT be tested on terms in italics

Skull
1. Frontal Bone
2. Supraorbital foramen
3. Frontal Sinus

4. Parietal Bones

5. Sphenoid Bone
5a. Pterygoid process
6. Sella Turcica
29a. Foramen ovale
29b. Foramen spinosum

7. Ethmoid Bone
7a. Superior nasal conchae
7b. Middle nasal conchae
8. Cribiform Plate
9. Crista Galli
10. Olfactory foramina

11. Lacrimal Bones

12. Lacrimal fossa

13. Temporal Bones

14. Styloid Process
15. Mastoid Process
16. Zygomatic process of the temporal bone
17. Mandibular fossa
18. External Auditory Meatus
29. Jugular Foramen
29c. Foramen lacerum
30. Carotid canal

19. Zygomatic Bones

20. Temporal process of the zygomatic bone
21. Zygomatic Arch

22. Nasal Bones

23. Occipital bone

24. Foramen Magnum
25. Occipital condyles
26. External occipital protuberance
27. Superior Nuchal Line
28. Inferior Nuchal Line

31. Maxilla(e)
32. Infraorbital Foramen
33. Alveolar processes

34. Palatine bones

34a. Perpendicular plate
34b. Horizontal plate

35. Mandible
36. Mental Foramen
37. Angle of the Mandible
38. Body of the mandible
39. Ramus of the mandible
40. Mandibular notch
41. Mandibular condyle
42. Coronoid process of mandible
43. Alveolar processes

44. Vomer

45. Inferior nasal concha

46. Orbits

47. Sutures
48. Coronal Suture
49. Sagittal Suture
50. Lambdoid Sutures
51. Squamous Suture

52. Hyoid Bone

Vertebral Column (spine)

Be able to differentiate between a cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebra
The following should be identified on all or most vertebrae throughout the spine
53. Spinous Process
54. Body
55. Lamina
56. Pedicles
57. Superior articular processes
58. Inferior articular processes
59. Superior articular facets
60. Inferior articular facets
61. Transverse Process
62. Vertebral foramen
63. Intervertebral foramen
64. Superior vertebral notch
65. Inferior vertebral notch
66. Intervertebral disc

The following are structures specific to a vertebra or vertebral region

67. Cervical Vertebrae (7)
68. Atlas (C1): these structures are only found on the 1st cervical vertebra
69. Posterior arch
70. Anterior tubercle
71. Lateral masses
72. Groove for the vertebral artery and first cervical nerve
73. Axis (C2) and other cervical vertebrae
74. Odontoid Process (C2 only)
75. Bifid Spinous Process
76. Uncinate processes (lips of Luschka)
77. Transverse foramen

78. Thoracic Vertebra (12)

79. Superior & inferior demifacet
80. Facet for articular tubercle of rib

81. Lumbar Vertebrae (5)

82. Sacrum (5)
83. Base of the sacrum
84. Sacral ala
85. Superior articular process
86. Sacral foramen
87. Sacral foramen
88. Apex of the sacrum
89. Sacral Promontory
90. Transverse line
91. Sacral Canal
92. Auricular surface
93. Sacral Hiatus

94. Coccyx (~4)

95. Sternum
96. Suprasternal Notch
97. Clavicular Notch
98. Manubrium
99. Sternal angle (angle of Louie)
100. Body
101. Xiphoid Process

102.Ribs (12 bilaterally) aka: costa

103. Head
104. Superior & Inferior Facet
105. Articular part of tubercle
106. Non-articular part of the tubercle
107. Costal Angle
108. Costal Groove
109. Body
110. Costal Cartilage