Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Applied System Innovation

IEEE-ICASI 2017 - Meen, Prior & Lam (Eds)

The Study on Intelligent Roadside Park Charging Systems

Huey-Der Chu, Yong-Quan Yeh, Yi-Cheng Lin, Meng-hung Lai, Yi-Jie Lin, Ming-Sun Wu
Department of Information Technology, Takming University of Science and Technology
No. 56, Sec. 1,Huanshan Rd., Neihu
Taipei 11451, Taiwan
hdchu@takming.edu.tw

The researcher consulted related management literature

Abstract
about roadside parking charging, learnt the current roadside
Currently, roadside parking charging is mainly operated parking charging system in Taiwan and conducted research
manually. However, this makes it difficult to achieve on whether RFID is suitable to be used in the roadside
effective management. Aimed at removing many parking charging system. The research procedure is shown in
inconveniences brought by this current approach, this study Fig. 1:
discusses how to apply Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) in this issue.
The RFID reader can be installed on a track. Through the
track, the RFID reader can detect a whole row of parking
spaces along the sides of the road and therefore, can replace
the current approach with which people hold machines to
scan cars one by one. Both parkers and managers of the
parking system can use an online platform which offers an
open individual inquiry system and impartial and accurate
reflection of the real-time status, and ensures a fair process Fig. 1 The Research
of issuing parking tickets. Procedure Diagram
Keywords: Roadside parking charging; track; RFID reader;
online platform
Research on
Relevant
Backgrounds
Introduction
A. Research Motives and Purposes A. Parking Types in Taiwan

It is observed that manual roadside parking charging In Taiwan, there are indoor parking and outdoor parking,
which can be classified into parking in parking lots outside
causes many inconveniences and conflicts, and needs large
quantities of labor resources and materials. Considering the the road and parking spaces along the road. As for single-
progressive process in which manual collection was replaced exit closed parking lots, there is already much research and
technological appliances available in the market. However,
by ETC on the national road, this study discusses whether
this transfer can be replicated in roadside parking charging open parking spaces along the road has not had a systematic
by inventing a suitable intelligent system which applies and efficient management mode. Parking types in Taipei are
shown in Fig. 2:
modern technology.
In this way, the parking time of car owners can be
measured fairly and they can also have an open platform.
Owners of parking spaces can be offered a technical system
which uses RFID to record the entry and exit status of cars
and their length of stay, and can finish collecting the parking
fee without any staff on site. The system can help reduce cost
on labor resources and makes management easier. The
interests of both the parties can be protected. Setting up a Fig. 2 Parking Types
thorough parking charging system can promote income, in Taipei
assist payment and avoid controversies. Conflicts between
drivers and owners of parking spaces can be reduced and B. The Current Roadside Parking Charging Method in
both of them can enjoy a more convenient parking process. Taiwan
A car owner parks his/her car in a roadside parking space.
Charging staff passes the car every half an hour and issue a
B. Research Content and Process parking ticket each time.

1064 - ISBN 978-1-5090-4897-7

 Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Applied System Innovation
Before the staff issue parking tickets on a patrol, they will
enter some information including charging roads, license
plate numbers and time to a handy machine. A parking ticket
will be printed out from a small printer stalled in the machine
and be put under a wiper blade. Then, they will take a photo
for record. The manual parking ticket issuing procedure is
shown in Fig. 3:
Fig. 3 The
Manual Parking Ticket Issuing Procedure
C. Discussions on the Problems of Roadside Parking
Analysis on the current roadside parking billing method:
(1) When billing staff are on patrol and need to issue a
parking ticket, they have to stop temporarily by the
road. This poses threats to motor vehicles driving on
the road and billing staff also are exposed to a highly
dangerous working environment. It is particularly
dangerous for them to work in a bad weather condition
such as raining and typhoon.
(2) For the parking ticket put under a wider blade, it not
only occupies space, but also can be easily blown away.
Also, a rain-soaked ticket is difficult to be taken out.
(3) It is hard to determine the real beginning and ending of
parking, since a parking ticket is only issued by billing
staff who pass the car. This practice brings about many
conflicts concerning roadside parking.
(4) Great quantities of labor resources which are needed to
issue parking tickets manually lead to high cost and
low efficiency.
D. RFID
(1) The Origin and Development
The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system was
first developed in 1948 (Harry Stockman). It used radio to
transfer identification materials to achieve ID identification.
The popularity of RFID was initially led by America’s
largest retailer Wal-Mart, which has required its top 100
providers to install the RFID system since 2005 in order to
more conveniently manage the input and output of goods.
(2) The Principles
The system is based on radio communication technology.
Through radio signals, it can identify specific objects, read
and record data without developing any mechanic or optical
contact between the identification system and specific
ISBN 978-1-5090-4897-7
IEEE-ICASI 2017 - Meen, Prior & Lam (Eds)
objects.
(3) Types
According to the existence of electricity inside the tag, the
tags of RFID can be classified into the passive type, the
semi-passive type (semi-active type) and the active type.
(4) Frequency
There are four common frequencies among tags.
Classified by radio frequencies, they are the low frequency
tag (125 or 134.2 kHz), the high frequency tag (13.56 MHz),
the super high frequency tag (868 to 956 MHz), the
microwave tag (2.45 GHz).
(5) The Basic Structure
The electronic tag, the reader, and the application system
constitute the basic structure.
(6) Features
Data reading and writing function, easy miniaturization,
diversified shapes, high environmental resistance,
repetability, penetrativeness (except iron), and enormous
data memory
(7) Application
RFID is widely used in fields such as access control,
goods management, medical applications, transportation,
animal supervision and joint ticket verification.
E. The Electronic Toll Collection System of the Expressway
(Taiwan)
The Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system of Taiwan’s
national roads has been authorized to the Far Eastern
Electronic Toll Collection Co., Ltd. to develop and maintain
by the Taiwan Area National Freeway Bureau based on the
model of private development, operation and transfer to the
government (BOT model). The electronic toll collection
based on times set up in 2005 and came into effect on the
10th of February 2006. The electronic toll collection based
on distance set up in 2013 and the operation of it was
transferred to the government on the 30th of December 2013.
It began to be used on the 2nd of January 2014 and has
become the only road charging system of Taiwan’s national
road.
The Systematic Structure
Based on the observations that manual billing of roadside
parking causes many inconveniences and conflicts, and the
toll collection of the national progressed from manual
charging to the ETC system, and the fact that nearly 90% of
cars have already been installed electronic tags because of
the use of ETC system on the national road, the researcher
considers whether it is possible to make a combination by
replicating the collection mode of the national road in the
billing of roadside parking A comprehensive structure of the
system is shown as Fig. 4:
- 1065
Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Applied System Innovation
IEEE-ICASI 2017 - Meen, Prior & Lam (Eds)

Fig. 6 The Procedure Diagram of the Detection System

C. The Inquiry System
As for the online inquiry system, the general public and
managers of the roadside parking can use services through a
mobile APP or website. For example, they can check their
parking records including topping up and payment records
on the website, and look for a parking space through the
mobile APP. The use of the online services is shown in Fig. 7:

Fig. 4 The Diagram of the Comprehensive Structure of the

System
A. The Detector
The RFID reader can be installed on a track. Through the
track, the RFID reader can detect a whole row of parking
spaces along the sides of the road and therefore, can replace
the current approach with which people hold machines to
scan cars one by one.
The RFID reader can be installed on a track. Through the
track, the RFID reader can detect a whole row of parking
spaces along the sides of the road and therefore, can replace Fig. 7 The Procedure
the current approach with which people hold machines to Diagram of the
scan cars one by one. Fig. 5 further illustrates this facility: Inquiry System
D. Differences
Compared to the manual billing of roadside parking, the
differences of the system’s structure will be analyzed from
the perspectives of the manager and the user.
For the manager:
(1) Able to calculate the exact parking time and increase
accuracy.
Fig. 5 The Hardware Design
(2) Reduce the risk posed to labor resources and cost, and
B. The Detection System raise work efficiency.
In terms of the detection system, when the infrared ray (3) Replace manual labor with scientific technology and
senses that a car is driving in a parking space on the side of apply more technology in management.
the road, it will show the RFID reader which space to record.
Currently, our model adopts a self-propelled vehicle to For the user:
enable the free mobility of the RFID reader. Then, the reader (1) Able to check their parking records including topping up
will detect the electronic tag of the car and different and payment records on the website.
information will be sent to the database based on the
existence of an electronic tag. The process is shown in Fig. 6: (2) Able to check which parking lot they have used and
conduct monitoring online.
(3) Able to check the display of the parking status early when
driving.
Hardware and Software of the System
The model uses the self-propelled vehicle Arduino as its
main facility to imitate a RFID reader which can freely move
on the track.
A. Hardware:
(1) The Self-propelled Vehicle

1066 - ISBN 978-1-5090-4897-7

 Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Applied System Innovation
IEEE-ICASI 2017 - Meen, Prior & Lam (Eds)

(2) Arduino UNO

(3) The Infrared Ray
(4) The RFID reader and the electronic tag
(5) LED lights
B. Software
(1) Arduino
(2) SQL Server
(3) Android
(4) Visual Studio

Conclusion
The age in the future will be a time of machines replacing
manual labor. For the highly repeated work which can be
managed and monitored by resources other than human labor,
it can be seen that the automation technology is gradually
changing today’s manual working mode. Technology can
efficiently save human labor and time, decrease the mistake
making rate, reduce the number of people exposed to a
dangerous working environment and enhance product quality.
A complete and thorough system for roadside parking fee
collection is still not available in the market. How to use
technology to reform the current system has become an
important trend in the transportation agenda.
To enable the roadside parking system to become
intelligent, first of all, we need to explore how to detect cars
and record parking information automatically. The study has
discussed how to create an intelligent and efficient
systematic mode based on the electronic tags attached to
nearly 90% of cars and the one-to-many mode of the reader.

References
[1] Huang, Y.R. ((January 2009), “A study on the
application of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
in the curb parking”, master’s thesis Graduate Institute
of Transportation and Communication Management
Science, National Cheng Kung University.
[2] Taipei City Parking Management and Development
Office (note date), retrieved from:
http://www.pma.gov.taipei/mp.asp?mp=117021
[3] Wuhan Dongzhilin Technology Co., Ltd. (April 2013),
“Urban Roadside Parking Management System”,
Technological Solution.

ISBN 978-1-5090-4897-7 - 1067