COMMUNITY MEDICINE PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS

Concept of health and disease

Essay:

1)Explain the diff dimensions of health with suitable illustrations.list the various indicators of
measuringmobidity in a community & in a hospital(may’16).

2)Define natural history of disease.explain with eg the various measures that may b taken up in
the pre-pathogenesis phase for disease control.(nov’12)

Short notes:

1. Levels of prevention(nov’14,15,mar’10).
2. Epidemiological triad(nov’15,nov’07).
3. Health promotion using eg(may’13).
4. Draw the web of causation for low birth weight.how this concept is used in controlling
the disease.(may’12)
5. 2 laws related to public health.(nov’11)
6. What is community diagnosis(may’11).
7. Iceberg phenomenon of disease(nov’10, nov’09).
8. Various modes of intervention(may’10, nov’08).
9. Physical quality of life index(may’10).
10. Epidemiological triad(may’10).
11. Diff b/w elimination &eradication(may’09).
12. Disability,handicap, impairment(nov’09).
13. Multifactorial causation of disease(nov’08).
14. Human developmental index(nov’08).
15. Self care in health(nov’07).

Principles of epidemiology

Short notes:
1.With an eg explain the concept of epidemiological triad.(nov’10).

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 COMMUNITY MEDICINE PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS

2.A new combination of drugs is reported to be effective in control of diabetes . to verify this
a)what type of study wil you use. B)what selection criteria will you use. c)what measures
you will use to reduce bias. d)list factors you ll assess at the beginning of the
study.(nov’10)
3.Explain the role of migration studies in epidemiological studies.(nov’10)
4.Advantage &disadvantage of case control &cohort study(may’10, ’09).
5.Carrier(may’10)
6.Cold chain(may’10).
7.Write down the schedule dose &route of administraton of the following vaccines under
national programme on immunization a)DPT b)measles c)BCG.(may’10).
8.What is serial interval?expalin the epidemiological significance of serial interval.(may09)
9.Elements of cohort study?2 egs of famous cohort study.(may09)
10. Diff b/w epizootic &enzootic.(may09).
11. Survival rate(nov09).
12. Bias in case control study(nov09)
13. Bindings in RCT(nov08).
14. temporal association in epidemiology(nov08)
15. attributable and relative risk(may09, 16).
16. Reservoir of infection ?&its control(nov15)
17. Steps in doing a case control study
18. Application of incubation period(nov14)
19. Definition &any 3 uses of proportional mortality rate(may13)
20. Epidemic curve(may13)
21. Incidence(N12)
22. Diff b/w case control& cohort(N12)
23. Bias(N12)
24. In a study 70 thromboembolic disease &164 non-thromboembolic disease patients were
interviewd for use of ocp’s. the following table summarizes the data of the study.

characteristics Thromboembolic disease

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Yes no

OCP yes 66 110

no 4 54

total 70 164

i. Name type of study

ii. Mention 2 advantages &2 disadvantages
iii. What is the risk,if any,of developing thromboembolism with ocp use.

25. secular trend(nov9)

26.role of confounding factors in epidemiological studies(nov11)
27.mass treatment(may11)
28. 2 uses of epidemiology &types of epidemics(nov’07).
29.how international death certificate and ICD classification helps in improving health
information system.(nov 06)
30.incubation period(nov06)
31. diff b/w sterilization and disinfection(may06).

Essay:
1.A study to investigate the hypothesis of the higher maternal age was responsible for occurance
of congenital defects. The observation is

case controls
Maternal age Yes 73 25

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Greatr than 38 yr no 27/100 75/100

a) What type of study

b) Calculate odds ratio
c) Depict the relationship between the study variables and the confounder
d) What inference can be drawn from the study
(may09)

2.Describe the different steps to be followed in case control study to establish association
between smoking and lung cancer(nov08)
3.Explain the cause and effect relationship association in epidemiology.list the criteria
recommended by Bradford hill to assess the causal relationship.(may16).
4.list 2 use of studying epidemiology.describe 2 charecteristics of descriptive studies and explain
epidemiological distribution according to time, place and person.
5.the following are the results of a study by a research foundation to find relationship between
lung cancer and cigarette smoking.

Cigarette smoking cases controls

yes 145 107

no 55 93

What type of study is this

Calculate odds ratio what inference can be drawn from the study(nov11).

Screening of disease
Essay:
Define screening.what are the different factors that influence the repeatability of screening test.
How can they be minimizes. Explain what ll happen to sensitivity and specificity of a test that
yields quantitative results if the cut off value is increased.(nov12)
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Sh notes:
1. Sensitivity and specificity(nov14).
2. False positive bring discreet to screening programme.discuss.(m12).
3. Importance of load time in screening for disease.(m10, nov11)

Epidemiology of communicable disease

Essay:
1. List the disease caused by group B arbovirus(flavi virus) in india.describe the epidemiology,
prevention and control of dengue/hemorrhagic fever.(m16).
2. Describe the epidemiology prevention and control of dengue fever in india(nov 15).
3. List the diseases prevented by vaccines during childhood.explain the epidemiology,
prevention and control of hep-B infection.(may 13).
4. Write briefly explaining the epidemiology of acute diarrhoeal disease in india. Give details of
assessment and managenment of ADD as per IMNCI guidelines.
5. 6 month old male child is brought to the OPD with h/o cough & fever for 2 days a) hoe is
acute respiratory infection classifies. B)what are the other history u enquire abt?list the
specific examination to b carried out as per IMNC guidelines. C)explain management if the
child is classified as no pneumonia.
6. In a district with 2 lakh population, you are planning to conduct filariasis evaluation
survey.a)calculate the sample size based on hypothetical prevalence.b)briefly discuss the
elements of filarial survey.c)discuss the control measures for filariasis.
7. As a fam physician,hw ll u advice .a)a married man with 2 children who has come after
knowing his hiv status.b)a newly diagnosed pul.TB patient to continue the treatment as per
the regimen.
8. A 12 yr old boy has been bitten on rt. Leg &rt. Thih by a st. dog.wat r te necessary measures
taken to prevent rabies.(m10)
9. Briefly describe te investigations of an epidemic of diarrhea in village.(m09)
10. A village vth a population of 10000 had reported epidemic of cholera during the yr 2008. Hw
ll u investigate the epidemic. Write down the steps in the investigation of epidemics.(n09)

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11. Measures to control the epidemic of chicguengunia fever.(n09)

12. 10 month old female infant is brought to PHC with h/o fever &cough. There is no h/o
vomiting& convulsions or lethargy.RR-52bpm.there is no change in drawing or stridor.a)what
ll u check in dis child. B)classify childs illness and give reason.c)management.(n09)
13. Poliomyelitis(n07)
14. Malaria-role back malaria. Infant parasite rate malaria index(n07)

s.notes:
1) MDRTB(m16)
2) Vaccination strategy in the prevention of Japanese encephalitis(m16)
3) Pulse polio immunization(n15)
4) Control; of neonatal tetanus(n15).
5) Prevention of hep B(n14)
6) Planning for education the population of a subcentre for control of rabies.(n14).
7) Surveillance in malaria(m13)
8) Syndromic approach to control STDs(m13).
9) Tertiary prevention in leprosy(n11)
10) Explain indices now used to measure malaria problems in community(n11)
11) Agricultural and live stock farmers at risk of acquiring leptospirosis(n11)
12) Lymphatic filariasis is an urban problem.mention the control measures.(n11)
13) Significance of rule of halves in epidemiology(m11)
14) Describe the epidemiological impact of HIV and TB coinfection.(m11)
15) Write the treatement schedule fot the folloeing diseases prescribed in national programme
A)category 1 TB patients B)paucibacillary leprosy in adult C)presumptive treatement for
p.vivax.(n10).
16) Different methods of transmission of arthropod born diseases(m09)
17) Classification of acute respiratory infections(m09)
18) Role of DOT agent under RNTCP programme.(m09)
19) Clinical features and control of leptospirosis.(n08, m09)
20) Rehabilitation of leprosy(m09)
21) Syndromic management of STD(N09)

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22) Information educatin communication in early detection of leprosy

23) Benefits in using reduced osmolarity ORS
24) Immunisatin schedule for infants under vip.
25) Y fixed virus used in rabies vaccine.
26) How herd immunity helpful in poliomyelitis.
27) Treatment and surveillance of leprosy under NLEP programme
28) Diagnosis and treatment of severe ARI
29) How do u manage severe dehydration.how nacl and glucose helps in diarrhoel treatment
30) Role of presumptive and radical treatment in control of malaria(m07).
31) Composition of ORS
32) Antiviral drugs in influenza
33) MDT in leprosy
34) Complication of measles
35) Mode of transmission of hep-B
36) Rubella syndrome(n06)
37) Chickwn pox
38) Yellow fever(m06)
39) Guinea worm
40) Dengue infection(n05)
41) Chanders index and its significance in hookworm control.

Epidemiology of chronic non- communicable disease

s.notes:
1. danger signals of cancer(m16)
2. rule of halves in hypertension
3. primary prevention and control of CAD(n15, 12,n09,m07)
4. avodable blindness(m13, n15)
5. screening for CA breast(n14)
6. primordial prevention of CAD
7. risk factors for HTN(m13)
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8. prevention and control of RHD(N12)

9. obesity
10. 30 yrs old DM female weighing 70 kg with height of 160cm a)comment on her BMI b)list
3 other risk factors c)what health education ll u give her(m12)
11. Risk factors nd control measures for CA breast
12. List out the 4 biological agents &4 habits associated with cancer(m11)
13. Role f diet in CAD(n10)
14. Special role of lipoprotein in CHD strategies
15. Risk factors &control of CHD(n08, n10)
16. Prevention of diabetes(m10)
17. Role of dietery fibres in CVD(m09)
18. Advantages &disadvantages of papsmear in control of ca cervix(n09)
19. Steps in planning a programme for control of htn in a community
20. BMI(n08)
21. Risk factor, prevention, control of ca cervix(m07)
22. Preventive measure in RHD(n07)
23. Measures to control the survival cancer in india

Health programmes in India

Essay:

1. Draw the revised national TB control programme(RNTCP) diagnostic algorithm for

pulmonary TB. What are the methods used under RNTCP to ensure completion of full course of
TB treatment. What is DOTS plus?(n14,m07)

Short notes:

1.Biological control of vector(m16)

2.Integrated vector control(n08,15)

3.Role of asha workers(m13,15)

4.With an eg explain integrated vector control. How is it beneficial.(n10).

5.Radical treatment of vivax nd falciparum malaria under NMEP program(may 09)

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6.Describe the mother components of RCH programme(m09).

7.Enumerate important 8 national health programmes in India(n06)

8.ICDS(m05).

Demography and family planning

Short notes:

1.Mechanism of action of IUD(m16)

2.Sex ratio(n15,m09,16)

3.OCPs(n15)

4.Stages of demographic cycle(m10,n07,14)

5.Eligible couple(n07,m13)

6.3rd generation IUD( m13)

7.Non contraceptives benefits of ocp(n 12)

8.Unmet need for family planning(m11)

9.What do u understand by the term vital statistics? Explain how birth nd death registration is
carried out in India.(m09)

10.What is demography? What are the process which bring about change in the population?

11. Advantages of female condom

12. Net reproduction rate (n09)

13. Life expectancy

14. Define evaluation.2 methods of evaluation. (n08)

15. Combined ocp (m07)

16. Condom

17. Cafteria approach in family planning (n07)

18. Pearl index

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19. Non hormonal contraceptive

20. Birth control and family planning (n06)

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN OBSTETRICS, PEDIATRICS ND GERIATRICS

Essay:

1.Define perinatal mortality rate. Various causes of perinatal mortality in India and the measures
to reduce the rate (m16)

2.List the indicators of maternal and child health. Causes of maternal mortality in India?
Measures to control maternal mortality in India. (n15)

3.Aims of good intranatal care ? Measures taken to prevent neonatal tetanus. List the danger
signal during the intranatal period. Role of first referral units in intranatal care(n14)

4.List the indicators of maternal nd child health care. Causes of maternal mortality nd it's
prevention(n12)

Objectives of antenatal care. Care to be provided for an antenatal mother at 1st antenatal visits at
16 weeks of regnancy? Risk factors which may be picked up at this stage (n11)

Short notes:

1.Psychological problems of old age population(m16)

2.Healthy school environment(n15)

3.Intranatal care (m13)

4.Health problems of elderly(n12)

5.Objectives of school health services(n11)

6.Mother nd child are considered as one unit. Discuss(m11)

7.Elements of essential new born care

8.Job responsibilities of anganwadi workers

9.Postpartum hemorrhages? Types?

10.As a medical officer of PHC how Ll u manage a patient with PHP.

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11.Infant mortality rate is higher in lowest socio economic class(n10)

12.Recommend a diet suitable for vegetarian sedentary pregnant women

13.Discuss the various causes of infant mortality. How Ll u reduce the infant mortality in an
area(m07,n10)

14.Objectives of postpartum care

15.Objectives of antenatal care and various antenatal services provided to pregnant women(m10)

16.Rooming in

17.APGAR score

18.Small for date babies

May 09

19.Morbidity pattern of school children

20.How growth monitoring helps in child survival

21.Why infant mortality rate is considered as most sensitive health and socio economic
indicators.

22.Define perinatal mortality ratio. What is the perinatal mortality ratio in India.

Nov09

23.Measures to maintain the body temperature in newborn

24.Reference curve in WHO growth chart

25.Integrated approach to maternal nd child health care.

26.Criteria for identifying (at risk infant)

27.What is national health policy 2002 goal for maternal mortality rate. Measures adopted to
achieve this.(n08)

28.Primary prevention of disease in elderly(m07)

Nov 07

29.Preventive paediatrics

30.Under 5 clinics

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31.Content of safe delivery kit

32.Exclusive breast feeding

33.Role of school teacher in school health programmes

34.Social measures for old age problems

Nov 06

35.Juvenile deliquency

36.Menstrual regulation nd menstrual induction

37.Birth control nd family planning

38.Baby friendly hospital

39.Growth nd development nd factors influencing it

40.Geriatric problem

41.Risk approach in pregnancy

NUTRITION AND HEALTH

Essay:

1.The medical officer of PHC wishes to assess the nutritional status of children under 5 yrs of
age in a area.

A) what are the methods that he can use to assess the nutritional status.

B) what is the common nutritional deficiencies in this age group.

C) explain briefly the programmes / interventions available to control malnutrition in this

group.(n15)

2.List the common nutritional problems in India. Causes, clinical manifestations nd control of
vit-a deficiency in India.(m13)

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Short notes:

1.Management of iron def anemia.(m16)

2.Growth chart.

3.Diet for a 28 yr old sedentary women with a 2 months old breast feeding baby.(n15)

4.Methods of dietary survey.(n14)

5.Prevention of food adulteration act.

6.Endemic fluorosis(m13)

7.Causes nd prevention of nutritional anemia.(n12).

8.Protein energy ratio.

9.Food fortification. 2 eg of fortified food.(m12)

10.Reasons for nutritional anemia in under 5 children in India. Intervention to prevent anemia.

11.Health problems caused by alcohol(n11)

May 11

12.4 important classification of malnutrition in children.

13.Broca's index? Uses?

14.Methods of assessment of nutritional status of a child.

15.Clinical indicators for the assessment of vit a deficiency in children.

16.Nutritional services provided in school children(n10)

17.Define balanced diet (m10)

18.Measures for the prevention of protein energy malnutrition.

Sn:

May 2009

1.explain socio economic cultural factors on the nutritional status of the children

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2. How bottle feeding & commercial weaning foods causes protein engery malnutrition & how to
prevent it

Nov 2009

1. Prevention of vit A deficiency

2. VitA prophylaxis for children

Nov 2008

1.cultural factors influencing malnutrition

Nov 2007

1. Indian reference man

2. Iodine deficiency disorder

Nov 2006

1. Malnutrition & its control

MEDICINE AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

SN

1. role of social cultural factors in health(n-14)

MAY-2013

2.types of families

3. Cultural factors affecting maternal & child health

4. functions of the family(n-12)

MAY-2012
5. social defence
6.Broken family
7. Social mobility
MAY-2011
8.Society

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9.Community
10. Acculturation (M-10)
11.Social stratification
12. Cultural practices in disease occurrence
MAY-2010
13.Socialization
14. Standard of living
NOV-2009
15. Joint family
16.Problem family
17.Role of medical social worker (N-8)
18.social insurance(n-8)
19. Diff b/w social science & income(n-6)

ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH

ESSAY
1.list the diseases caused by using wholesome water. what are the features of a sanitary well?
How can water be purified at home level? Explain the steps in chlorination of a well.(n-15)
2.list of diseases which may be due to poor quality of water used for domestic purpose.give
details of the measures that can be used to improve quality of well water during an epidemic of
diarrhoeal disease(n-10)

SN
MAY-2016
1.air pollutants
2.health hazards of noise pollution(M-9)
NOV-2014
3. residual chlorine

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4.noise induced hearing loss

MAY-2013
5.standards & types of ventilation
6. disinfection of water at household level
NOV-2012
7.on testing water level of hardness present was 280mg/l
a)comment on the level of hardness b) list the 4 compounds causing hardness c) how wil
you remove hardness
NOV-201
8.mention the small soda level purification of water
9.What is meant by sanitary barriers- advantage of water seal latrine & name the sanitary latrines
recommended in rural areas
N-10
10. algae,bacteria & sunlight are essential for functioning of oxidation pond
11. House flies are efficient mechanical spreads of diseases
12. Ortho toludine test(n-10)
MAY-2010
13.Define hardness of water, various measures for removal of hardness
MAY-2009
14.What is meant by sound spectrum
15.What is comfort zone? What is the range of corrected effective temperature for evaluating
comfort zone
16.Various methods of purification of water on small scale, parisgreen(n-9)
17. Principles of chlorination of water, biological control of mosquitoes, effects of relative
humidity on health(n-8)
18. Disease transmitted by culex mosquitoe(n-7)
19.Modern sewage disposal system(n-6)
HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

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SN

1.rehabilitation following a natural disaster (n-14)

2.triage in disaster management (m-11)

3. Triage (n-10)

4. fundamental affects of disaster management (m-10)

5. define disaster (n-3)

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
SN

1. Pre placental examination (m-16,10)

N-15

2. Effect of urbanization on health (n-14)

3. Byssinosis (n-10)

N-14

4. Causes of bagasossis

5. Scope & provisions of factories act (m-13)

N-12

6. Occupational hazards due to physical agents

7. Medical benefits under employee insurance act

N-11

8. Scheme & benefits for 30yr old mill worker covered under ESI who lost his job because
of closure of mill

9. Health safety & welfare measures under factory act

10. Silicosis is a notifiable disease under factory act (m-10,7)

N-10

11. Ergonomics
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12. Farmers lung

13. Bagasossis

M-10

14. Maternity benefit under ESI

15. How will you diagnose & prevent lead poisoning

N_9

16. In which occupation hazard is common & how it can be prevented

M-9

17. Cause & prevention of sickness abstinism

18. Cause & prevention of child labour

N-7

19. Benefits of ESI act

M-7

20. Female factory workers under indian factory act

GENETICS & HEATH

SN

1.role of prospective & retrospective genetic counselling in controlling genetic defects(n-9) 2.

Retrospective genetic counselling(n-8)

3. Role of genetic counselling in prevention of genetic disorders(n-7)

MENTAL HEALTH

SN-primary prevention of mental illness(m-7)

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HEALTH INFORMATION & MEDICAL STATISTICS

essay- the number of measles cases reported from an area from the year 2006-2010 are
70,72,68,74 &91 respectively. Using the above INFORMATION answer the following questions

a) calculate mean and standard deviation

b) can you conclude thatta an epidemic of measles has occured in the year 2010

C) explain the reasons for your conclusion (NOV-2014)

SN

1.Cluster sampling (May-2016)

2. define sampling & explain various sampling methods (Nov-2015)

3. Census act ( May -2013)

4. Mode (May-2013)

5. Normal distinction (Nov-2012)

6. Mention the formula for (x2) chi square test (May-2011)

7. Mention the various sources of heath information (May-2010)

8. Census (May-2010)

9. Properties of normal curve (Nov-2009)

10. Simple random sampling & stratified random sampling

COMMUNICATION FOR HEATH EDUCATION

ESSAY –

1)describe the different methods that can be used in health communication. Select 1
method giving reasons for explaining how oral rehydration solution should be used (May-2013)

2) You have been asked to give a health talk on personal hygiene to primary school
children. (May-2009)

a) state the health education method you choose to talk

b) reason for your choise

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C) how will you make your talk more effective

SN

1. Commication barriers (M-10,16 N-08)

2. Communication process (N-15 M-10)

3. Explain the characteristics of message necessary for effective health communication (N-
12)

4. Def health education (M-10)

5. Components of communication process(m-10)

6. Principles of health education (n-09)

7. Role of audiovisual aid in health education (n-07)

8. 2 way communication (n-07)

HEALTH PLANNING & MANAGEMENT

SN

1. Health planning cycle (m-16 n-14 n-8)

2. Criminal path method as a management technique (n-14)

3. Network analysis (n-10,12)

4. With an example explain the steps of the planning cycle (n-11)

5. Goals of the 11th 5 year plan (n-11)

6. Advantage of programme evaluation review technique (n-11)

7. Salient features of national health policy(m-10)

8. Cost benefit analysis (m-10)

9. Diff b/w health planning & management (m-9)

10. Role of panchayat raj system in health care (n-08)

11. List the various committee to improve health planning in india(n-07)

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INTERNATIONAL HEALTH

SN

1. Functions of UNICEF (N-10)

2. Functions of WHO (M -10 n-9)

HEALTH CARE OF THE COMMUNITY

SN

1. Principles of primary health care (m-16,10,13 n-15,14,11)

2. Job Functions of health assistant (n-15)

N-12

3. Job description of medical officer in PHC

4. Target under goal 1 millenium developmental goals (n-11)

M-11

5. Population covered by PHC in plained tribal area

6. Bhore committee recommendation in establishing pics

7. 3 tier system of health care

8. Appropriate technology

9. Community health centre(m-9)

10. Multi purpose woke (n-8)

11. Voluntary health agencies (n-6)

DOUBT

ESSAY

1. 500 babies born in PHC were followed up to ascertain their nutritional status. Weaning was
started after 7mnths in 200 babies. Malnutrition among those weaned at 6mths-20. Malnutrition
among those weaned aftr 7mnths -30

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a) what type of study is this? b) calculate possible risk indicators C) explain the importance
of timely Weaning based on above findings (m-13)

2. You are sheduled to give a health talk on primary prevention of dm to secondary high school
students

a) how will you plan b) state the method you would choose & give reasons C) what measure
you would adopt to ensure that your talk is effective(m-12)

3. Give a health talk on effects of heat stress to a group of individual workers

a) how will you plan b) state the method you would choose & give reasons C) measures to
adopt to ensure that your talk is effective (m-11)

4. Anemia in women is common problem in india

a) socio cultral factors related to Anemia in india b) name 2 important message you would
communicate to the population to control this problem.give reason C) what educational methods
would you choose to communicate your message. Give reasons d) how will you motivate the
population to adopt healthy habits (n-10)

SN

1. Central tendency (m-16)

2. Measurement of social well being

N-12

3. Crude birth rate

4. Presumptive coliform test

5. Incidence of thermal comfort (n-10)

6. Dosage shedule at HDCV vampire (m-9)

7. sulivian index (n-9)

8. AEFI

N-8

9. Acute mountain sickness

10. Measures of central tendency

11. Symposium

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N-7

12. GOBI FFF

13. Measures of dispersion

14. Health management & health administration

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