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EVALUATION OF FIRE HAZARDS IN SITIO STO. NIÑO,

BARANGAY QUIOT, CEBU CITY AS BASIS FOR RECOMMENDATION

A Thesis
Presented to the Department of Civil Engineering
Cebu Institute of Technology University
Cebu City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

by
Icy Antoniette C. Climaco
Melvin Raymund G. Dangin
Benjun A. Dizon
Kristine Jeane G. Gasco
Jasmayne B. Marinay

March 2017
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APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled, “EVALUATION OF FIRE HAZARDS IN SITIO SAN

ISIDRO AND SITIO STO.NIÑO, BARANGAY QUIOT, CEBU CITY AS BASIS
FOR RECOMMENDATION”, prepared and submitted by Icy Antoniette C.
Climaco, Melvin Raymund G. Dangin, Benjun A. Dizon, Kristine Jeane G.
Gasco, and Jasmayne B. Marinay in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering is hereby
recommended for approval.

Engr. Teresa S. Prieto

Adviser
Date: ______________

Engr. Carlos S. Graciosa Engr. Bryan P. Merino

Panelist Panelist
Date: ______________ Date: ______________

This thesis is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.

Engr. Maria Victoria C. Yazar Engr. Suzette B. Pacaña

Thesis Instructor Chair, Civil Engineering Department
Date: ______________ Date: ______________

Dr. Evangeline C. Evangelista

Dean, College Engineering and Architecture
Date: _______________
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This study would have not made possible without the Dizon’s Family and
Novabos’s Family for their consistent accommodation and compassion.

We would like to thank the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) of Region 7

especially Chief Inspector Rogelio Bongabong Jr. for sharing his professional
knowledge to us. And also for being supportive in our study and giving us the
records we needed.

Our deepest thank you to Sitio San Isidro’s Kapilya Alagad, Jonie Dorog,
for accommodating and guiding us during our site visits and to the Barangay
Officials of Quiot, Cebu City for allowing us to conduct our research study in Sitio
Sto. Niño and for giving us the demographics and other data we needed for the
study.

It is our pleasure to thank Engr. Suzette B. Pacaña, Department Chair,

Engr. Felrem G. Lor, Assistant Department Chair and all the faculty member of
the Department of Civil Engineering for sharing us their expertise.

Our sincere thanks to Engr. Maria Victoria C. Yazar for always pushing us
to be excellent, encouraging us to be extra-ordinary, for being patient and
supportive during the first phase of our research study.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our adviser, Engr.

Teresa S. Prieto, for the continuous support that she has given to us, for being
our constant source of encouragement and enthusiasm, and for sharing her
immense knowledge about our research topic.

Our heartfelt gratitude to Engr. Carlos S. Graciosa and Engr. Bryan P.

Merino, our panelist, for imparting their knowledge and helping us refine our
study.

We would also like to convey our deepest appreciation to our family for
their unconditional trust, timely encouragement, and endless patience. Thank you
for your undying love that you have never failed to show.

And most importantly, praises and thanks to our Almighty Father for His
everyday guidance and for giving us strength to get through all the difficulties.
Thank you for the unending love and blessings You have bestowed to us.
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ABSTRACT

Fire is one of the leading causes of loss of properties and lives around the
world. Among those that had experienced this loss is Sitio Sto. Niño in Barangay
Quiot, Cebu City which lost 150 houses amounting to approximately 1 million
pesos in a fire last January 2016. These kinds of disasters happen due to the fire
hazards being unevaluated, unreduced or unremoved.
The study “EVALUATION OF FIRE HAZARDS IN SITIO STO.NIÑO,
BARANGAY QUIOT, CEBU CITY AS BASIS FOR RECOMMENDATION” was
conducted to understand why household fires were massive in the community for
the past years and to propose alternatives on how to reduce the risk of fires in
the area. The aims of this study were to determine the fire hazards in the sitio, to
establish the best possible fire evacuation route, and to design a fire cistern tank.
The researchers conducted ocular visits and surveys to know the top three
(3) fire hazards in the community. Survey results showed that the top fire hazards
are house materials, narrow pathways, close proximity and slow response of
firemen. The researchers also simulated evacuation route models using a crowd
modelling software called MassMotion. For Zone 1, the faster route going to
evacuation area A was route 1. For Zone 2, the faster route going to evacuation
B turned out to be the route 3. For Zone 3, Route 4 which leads to evacuation
area C had the shortest evacuation. Lastly, in Zone 4, route 4 leading to
evacuation area C was the better option.
Finally, the proponents of the study designed a 200 m3 cistern tank for
immediate firefighting need that will be located at one strategic location at the
sitio. The results of the survey, simulation and design are presented such that
they can be used by Sitio Sto. Niño to improve their fire safety condition and be
used as basis for upscaling or replication to other communities.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rationale 1
1.2 Conceptual Framework 2
1.3 Problem Statement 2
1.4 Objectives 2
1.5 Significance of the Study 3
1.6 Scope and Limitations 3
1.7 Definition of Terms 4
Chapter 2 THEORITICAL BACKGROUND
Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design 10
3.2 Research Environment 10
3.3 Research Respondents 11
3.4 Research Instruments 11
3.5 Research Procedures 11
Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Survey 12
4.2 Evacuation Simulation 16
4.3 Cistern Tank 21
Chapter 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion 22
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5.2 Recommendation 22
Chapter 6 PROPOSED ACTION PLAN
BIBLIOGRAPHY 25
Appendix A TRANSMITTAL LETTER 28
Appendix B RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 30
Appendix C RESEARCH COMPUTATIONS 32
Appendix D FIRE CISTERN DETAILS 35
Appendix E STRUCTURAL DESIGN 40
COMPUTATION OF CISTERN TANK
Appendix F PROJECT COST ESTIMATE 52
FOR THE PROPOSED CISTERN TANK
Appendix G TIMETABLE OF ACTIVITIES 71
Appendix H RESEARCH BUDGET 72
Appendix I DOCUMENTATION 73
Appendix J CURRICULUM VITAE 75
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List of Tables

Table Page
4.1 Fire Evacuation Simulation Results 16
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List of Figures

Figure Page
1.1 Map of Sitio Sto. Niño 4
3.1 Map of Sitio Sto. Niño 10
4.1 Frequency of the factors causing 12
fast spread of fire as perceived by respondents
4.2 Resident’s perception on speed of firefighter 13
4.3 Creating Emergency Team 13
4.4 Opinion on Fire Safety 14
4.5 Resident’s knowledge on Sitio’s evacuation 14
4.6 Willingness of residents to participate 15
fire safety seminar
4.7 Willingness of households to participate fire drill 15
4.8 Insight on storing water near the house 15
in case of fire emergency
4.9 Insight on installing fire cistern tank 15
in case of fire emergency
4.10 Approximate members of the community 16
4.11 Evacuation Plan 18
4.12 Strategic Hydrant Location 19
4.13 Location of first hydrant 20
4.14 Location of second hydrant 20
4.15 Location of third hydrant 20