1. Determine what fuel grade is required for your aircraft.

2. Determine how much fuel is required.

3. Connect the ground wire to the aircraft.
4. For high wing aircraft put ladder in front of the fuel cap on the furthest fuel tank.
5. Drag out fuel hose, for as far as you need it.
6. Remove fuel cap.

MAKE SURE THE AREA AROUND THE AIRCRAFT IS SAFE BEFORE YOU START A
REFUEL/DEFUEL PROCEDURE. IN THIS SAFE AREA, DO NOT LET PERSONS: -
SMOKE - MAKE SPARKS OR FIRE - USE ANY EQUIPMENT WHICH IS NOT
APPROVED FOR THE TASK. AIRCRAFT FUEL IS FLAMMABLE. WARNING: MAKE
SURE THAT THE SAFETY DEVICES AND THE WARNING NOTICES ARE IN POSITION
BEFORE YOU START A TASK ON OR NEAR: - THE FLIGHT CONTROLS - THE FLIGHT
CONTROL SURFACES - THE LANDING GEAR AND THE RELATED DOORS -
COMPONENTS THAT MOVE. MOVEMENT OF COMPONENTS CAN KILL OR CAUSE
INJURY TO PERSONS AND/OR CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT.
WARNING: MAKE SURE THAT THE WHEEL CHOCKS ARE IN POSITION.
MOVEMENTS OF THE AIRCRAFT COULD BE DANGEROUS.

A. Safety Precautions WARNING: MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE THE CORRECT FIRE
FIGHTING EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE. WARNING: WHEN YOU DO WORK ON THE
FUEL SYSTEM WIRING, YOU MUST USE TEST EQUIPMENT THAT IS APPROVED
(REFER TO INTERNATIONAL OR NATIONAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR INTRINSICALLY
SAFE TEST EQUIPMENT: EN50020, UL913 OR EQUIVALENT). TEST EQUIPMENT
THAT IS NOT APPROVED CAN CAUSE FIRE OR AN EXPLOSION. WARNING: YOU
MUST WEAR SAFETY BREATHING EQUIPMENT WHEN YOU DO WORK IN A FUEL
TANK. THE TANKS CAN CONTAIN AIR FROM THE TANK INERTING SYSTEM. AIR
FROM THIS SYSTEM HAS A LOW-OXYGEN CONTENT AND CAN CAUSE INJURY
AND DEATH.

(1) Make sure that the aircraft is grounded correctly.

(2) Make sure that the lighting in the work area is sufficient to work safely.

(3) It is recommended that only intrinsically safe test equipment should be used for maintenance
procedures.

(4) Use only the approved spark-proof lamps and torches in the work area.

(5) Make sure that the flow of clean air in the work area is sufficient to work safely.

(6) Before you start the maintenance task make sure that these are available: · the correct fire-
fighting equipment · approved persons to use the fire-fighting equipment.
(7) Be careful when you disconnect fuel pipes and/or remove components from the fuel system.
There can be some remaining fuel in the system.

(8) Do not get aircraft fuel in your eyes, mouth, nose, ears or on your skin.

(a) If you get aircraft fuel in your eyes, mouth, nose or ears: 1 Flush with clean water. 2 Get
medical aid.

(b) If you get aircraft fuel on your skin:

1 Remove any clothing soaked with fuel.

2 Clean the skin with soap and water.

3 Flush the skin with clean water.

4 If the skin is dry, apply an approved cream to it.

(9) Do not get your clothes soaked with fuel.

(10) Use approved protective clothing made from material which will not cause sparks.

(11) Protect your skin with barrier cream.

(12) You must use a respirator if the fuel-gas concentration in the work area is more than 5% of
the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL).

(13) Put "NO SMOKING" WARNING NOTICE(S) around the work area.

(14) In the work area you must not: · smoke · use flames which do not have protection · operate
electrical equipment which is not necessary for the task · operate electrical equipment which is
not approved for the task · pull or move metal objects along the ground · use footwear which has
metal studs or bare steel toe-caps · use hearing-aids or battery-operated equipment which will
cause sparks · have any material which will cause sparks or flames.

(15) You must immediately flush away or remove any fuel leakage.

(16) You must put any material which is used to remove any fuel leakage in special fireproof
containers.

(17) You must do all maintenance tasks in very clean conditions.

(18) Use of metallic wire wool. WARNING: DO NOT USE METALLIC WIRE WOOL IN
FUEL TANKS. (a) You must not use metallic wire wool in a fuel tank.

(19) Use only approved cleaning materials.

(20) Make sure that all signs of solvents and cleaning agents are removed from the
equipment/components before they are installed.

(21) Make sure that all electrical circuits in maintenance are isolated before you apply electrical
power to the aircraft.

(22) If possible, safety all components before you place them inside the fuel tank.

(23) Put blanking caps on all disconnected pipes and openings in components and tanks.

(24) Make sure that all the fuel system components have correct electrical bonding.

(25) Do not connect electrical equipment to a power source less than 30 m (98.43 ft.) away,
unless the power source has spark-proof connectors.

(26) During removal and installation of panels and equipment record the position of each bolt.
This prevents damage to structure.

Do not go near the aircraft until the anti-collision lights have been set to OFF. (3) Before you
start the refuel/defuel procedure, make sure that all the electrical circuits in the fuel system are
complete. (4) Do not spill fuel on the engines or the brakes. If you spill fuel on the engines or
brakes that are hot, it can cause fires. WARNING: MAKE SURE THAT YOU BOND THE
FUEL TANKER TO THE AIRCRAFT. IF YOU DO NOT, AN ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE
CAN OCCUR WHICH CAN CAUSE AN EXPLOSION OR FIRE. (5) Obey the local
regulations for grounding (earthing) the aircraft. If you must ground (earth) the aircraft: · Ground
(earth) the fuel tanker and the aircraft correctly (Ref. AMM TASK 12-34-24-860-801) .
NOTE: You must bond the fuel tanker to the aircraft. Obey local regulations for grounding
(earthing). (6) Bond the fuel tanker to the aircraft (Ref. AMM TASK 12-34-24-860-801) . (7)
Move all equipment and material which is not necessary for the refuel/defuel procedure out of
the safety area. (8) On panel 312 VU make sure that the ACCU PRESS on the triple indicator
has sufficient pressure. If necessary, pressurize the Blue hydraulic
system (Ref. AMM TASK 29-00-00-863-802) . (9) On the panel 117VU, make sure that the
PARK BRK is ON. NOTE: Airbus recommends that the park brake is set to ON when possible.
You cannot set the PARK BRK to ON if you have hot brakes. If you cannot set the PARK BRK
to ON, it is possible to continue but you must make sure the chocks are in the correct position.
(10) Make sure that the chocks are in this position: (a) If the ramp does not slope: · move the aft
NLG chocks away from the tires. During the refuel the NLG tires roll aft as the MLG shock
absorber compresses. · make sure that the chocks do not touch the MLG tires. The weight of the
fuel can lower the aircraft and cause the tires to catch the chocks (b) If the ramp slopes: · make
sure that the chocks down from the tires touch the NLG and MLG tires · make sure that the
chocks up from the tires do not touch the NLG and MLG tires. (11) Make sure that no personnel
or equipment is below the aircraft which can cause damage or injury. The weight of the fuel can
suddenly compress the landing gear and lower the aircraft. Compression of the landing gear can
occur during or after refuel for up to 2 hours. Refueling operators must tell personnel working on
or around the aircraft of any pending refuel operation which will cause the aircraft to suddenly
lower. (12) Before you start the refuel/defuel procedure make sure that these are available: · a
fueling supervisor or fueling safety person · the correct fire-fighting equipment · approved
persons to use the fire-fighting equipment. (13) Make sure that the overboard vent lines are not
blocked. If they are blocked, damage to the fuel tanks can occur. (14) Make sure that the fuel
tanker (or hydrant) contains the correct fuel. The correct fuels are shown in the Flight Manual
(Ref. FCOM LIM-FUEL). (15) Make sure that the fuel tanker (or, if you use a hydrant to refuel
the aircraft, the pump unit) is in the correct position. (16) Make sure that, if there is an
emergency, you can move the fuel tanker/pump unit and the support equipment away quickly.
(17) Do not operate the aircraft main engines during a refuel/defuel procedure. NOTE: In an
emergency, you are permitted to refuel the aircraft with one engine in operation (ref. FCOM
PRO-NOR-SUP-FUEL). (18) APU starts or shutdowns are permitted during refuel/defuel
procedures. If it is necessary to operate the APU, the limits that follow apply: (a) An APU start is
not permitted during a refuel/defuel procedure if the APU has failed to start or an automatic
shutdown has occurred. (b) You must complete a normal APU shutdown if a fuel spill has
occurred during the refuel/defuel procedure. (19) Make sure that all electrical equipment you use
will not cause a spark. (20) Do not do a refuel/defuel procedure in bad weather conditions and
electrical storms. Lightning is dangerous. (21) During the refuel/defuel procedure do not operate
the aircraft external lighting. (22) During the refuel/defuel procedure do not fill the oxygen
system or change the oxygen bottles. (23) During the refuel/defuel procedure do only essential
aircraft maintenance and/or servicing that will not cause a spark. (24) Do not refuel the aircraft if
a fire or engine overheat warning is displayed on the flight deck. (25) You are only permitted to
replace or do small maintenance work on radio, radar and electrical equipment during refueling.
(26) You are not permitted to remove, install or test aircraft batteries or related equipment during
refueling. (27) Do not use the microphone on the High Frequency (HF) transmitter during
refuel/defuel or fuel transfer operations. (28) Immediately flush away with water, or remove, fuel
leakage. (29) Obey the safety distances for 60 m (196.85 ft.) from aircraft: (a) Stop the fuel
tanker 60 m (196.85 ft.) from the aircraft nose while the weather radar operates. Do not operate
the fuel tanker/pump unit until you stop operation of the weather radar. (30) Obey the safety
distances for 30 m (98.43 ft.) from aircraft: (a) Aircraft must not be refueled/defueled less than
30 m (98.43 ft.) from radar or HF radio equipment under test or in operation in the aircraft or
ground installation. (31) Obey the safety distances for 15 m (49.21 ft.) from aircraft:
(Ref. Fig. Refuel Safety Area SHEET 1) (a) Put "NO SMOKING" WARNING NOTICE(S)
around the work area not less than 15 m (49.21 ft.) from the refueling/defueling equipment and
aircraft and aircraft tank vents. (b) Do not connect electrical equipment to a power source less
than 15 m (49.21 ft.) away, unless the power source has spark-proof connectors. (c)
Refueling/defueling equipment and aircraft fuel-tank vents must not be nearer than 15 m (49.21
ft.) to a building during refueling/defueling. Make sure the position of the refueling/defueling
area cannot let this occur. Because of the design of some buildings, you can do
refueling/defueling operations nearer than 15 m (49.21 ft.) . Examples of this type of building are
nose loaders and aerobridges. (32) Obey the safety distances for 3 m (10 ft.) from aircraft
(Ref. Fig. Refuel Safety Area SHEET 1) (a) Ground power units (GPU's) can be operated when
they are put not less than 3 m (10 ft.) from the aircraft filling and venting points, hydrant valves
and other refueling/defueling equipment when in use. (b) Photographic flash bulbs or electronic
flash equipment must not be used less than 3 m (10 ft.) from the refueling/defueling equipment
or any filling or venting points of the aircraft. (c) The refueling/defueling zone must be regarded
as extending not less than 3 m (10 ft.) radially from the filling and venting points on the aircraft
and the fueling/defueling equipment and, when applicable, from the hydrant valve in use for
refueling. When defueling is taking place, the vehicle will be venting and will generate a zone
radiating from the tank vent. (d) Inside the 3 m (10 ft.) zone, radios, radio telephones (cell
phones or mobile phones) and pagers as well as the operation of switches on lighting systems of
other than intrinsically safe types are not allowed. Personnel in the refueling/defueling zone and
those employed in refueling/defueling must not carry matches or other means of ignition or foot-
wear with exposed iron or steel studs, nails or tips. Do not go near the aircraft until the anti-
collision lights have been set to OFF. (3) Before you start the refuel/defuel procedure, make sure
that all the electrical circuits in the fuel system are complete. (4) Do not spill fuel on the engines
or the brakes. If you spill fuel on the engines or brakes that are hot, it can cause fires.
WARNING: MAKE SURE THAT YOU BOND THE FUEL TANKER TO THE AIRCRAFT.
IF YOU DO NOT, AN ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE CAN OCCUR WHICH CAN CAUSE AN
EXPLOSION OR FIRE. (5) Obey the local regulations for grounding (earthing) the aircraft. If
you must ground (earth) the aircraft: · Ground (earth) the fuel tanker and the aircraft
correctly (Ref. AMM TASK 12-34-24-860-801) . NOTE: You must bond the fuel tanker to the
aircraft. Obey local regulations for grounding (earthing). (6) Bond the fuel tanker to the
aircraft (Ref. AMM TASK 12-34-24-860-801) . (7) Move all equipment and material which is
not necessary for the refuel/defuel procedure out of the safety area. (8) On panel 312 VU make
sure that the ACCU PRESS on the triple indicator has sufficient pressure. If necessary,
pressurize the Blue hydraulic system (Ref. AMM TASK 29-00-00-863-802) . (9) On the panel
117VU, make sure that the PARK BRK is ON. NOTE: Airbus recommends that the park brake is
set to ON when possible. You cannot set the PARK BRK to ON if you have hot brakes. If you
cannot set the PARK BRK to ON, it is possible to continue but you must make sure the chocks
are in the correct position. (10) Make sure that the chocks are in this position: (a) If the ramp
does not slope: · move the aft NLG chocks away from the tires. During the refuel the NLG tires
roll aft as the MLG shock absorber compresses. · make sure that the chocks do not touch the
MLG tires. The weight of the fuel can lower the aircraft and cause the tires to catch the chocks
(b) If the ramp slopes: · make sure that the chocks down from the tires touch the NLG and MLG
tires · make sure that the chocks up from the tires do not touch the NLG and MLG tires. (11)
Make sure that no personnel or equipment is below the aircraft which can cause damage or
injury. The weight of the fuel can suddenly compress the landing gear and lower the aircraft.
Compression of the landing gear can occur during or after refuel for up to 2 hours. Refueling
operators must tell personnel working on or around the aircraft of any pending refuel operation
which will cause the aircraft to suddenly lower. (12) Before you start the refuel/defuel procedure
make sure that these are available: · a fueling supervisor or fueling safety person · the correct
fire-fighting equipment · approved persons to use the fire-fighting equipment. (13) Make sure
that the overboard vent lines are not blocked. If they are blocked, damage to the fuel tanks can
occur. (14) Make sure that the fuel tanker (or hydrant) contains the correct fuel. The correct fuels
are shown in the Flight Manual (Ref. FCOM LIM-FUEL). (15) Make sure that the fuel tanker
(or, if you use a hydrant to refuel the aircraft, the pump unit) is in the correct position. (16) Make
sure that, if there is an emergency, you can move the fuel tanker/pump unit and the support
equipment away quickly. (17) Do not operate the aircraft main engines during a refuel/defuel
procedure. NOTE: In an emergency, you are permitted to refuel the aircraft with one engine in
operation (ref. FCOM PRO-NOR-SUP-FUEL). (18) APU starts or shutdowns are permitted
during refuel/defuel procedures. If it is necessary to operate the APU, the limits that follow
apply: (a) An APU start is not permitted during a refuel/defuel procedure if the APU has failed to
start or an automatic shutdown has occurred. (b) You must complete a normal APU shutdown if
a fuel spill has occurred during the refuel/defuel procedure. (19) Make sure that all electrical
equipment you use will not cause a spark. (20) Do not do a refuel/defuel procedure in bad
weather conditions and electrical storms. Lightning is dangerous. (21) During the refuel/defuel
procedure do not operate the aircraft external lighting. (22) During the refuel/defuel procedure do
not fill the oxygen system or change the oxygen bottles. (23) During the refuel/defuel procedure
do only essential aircraft maintenance and/or servicing that will not cause a spark. (24) Do not
refuel the aircraft if a fire or engine overheat warning is displayed on the flight deck. (25) You
are only permitted to replace or do small maintenance work on radio, radar and electrical
equipment during refueling. (26) You are not permitted to remove, install or test aircraft batteries
or related equipment during refueling. (27) Do not use the microphone on the High Frequency
(HF) transmitter during refuel/defuel or fuel transfer operations. (28) Immediately flush away
with water, or remove, fuel leakage. (29) Obey the safety distances for 60 m (196.85 ft.) from
aircraft: (a) Stop the fuel tanker 60 m (196.85 ft.) from the aircraft nose while the weather radar
operates. Do not operate the fuel tanker/pump unit until you stop operation of the weather radar.
(30) Obey the safety distances for 30 m (98.43 ft.) from aircraft: (a) Aircraft must not be
refueled/defueled less than 30 m (98.43 ft.) from radar or HF radio equipment under test or in
operation in the aircraft or ground installation. (31) Obey the safety distances for 15 m (49.21 ft.)
from aircraft: (Ref. Fig. Refuel Safety Area SHEET 1) (a) Put "NO SMOKING" WARNING
NOTICE(S) around the work area not less than 15 m (49.21 ft.) from the refueling/defueling
equipment and aircraft and aircraft tank vents. (b) Do not connect electrical equipment to a
power source less than 15 m (49.21 ft.) away, unless the power source has spark-proof
connectors. (c) Refueling/defueling equipment and aircraft fuel-tank vents must not be nearer
than 15 m (49.21 ft.) to a building during refueling/defueling. Make sure the position of the
refueling/defueling area cannot let this occur. Because of the design of some buildings, you can
do refueling/defueling operations nearer than 15 m (49.21 ft.) . Examples of this type of building
are nose loaders and aerobridges. (32) Obey the safety distances for 3 m (10 ft.) from aircraft
(Ref. Fig. Refuel Safety Area SHEET 1) (a) Ground power units (GPU's) can be operated when
they are put not less than 3 m (10 ft.) from the aircraft filling and venting points, hydrant valves
and other refueling/defueling equipment when in use. (b) Photographic flash bulbs or electronic
flash equipment must not be used less than 3 m (10 ft.) from the refueling/defueling equipment
or any filling or venting points of the aircraft. (c) The refueling/defueling zone must be regarded
as extending not less than 3 m (10 ft.) radially from the filling and venting points on the aircraft
and the fueling/defueling equipment and, when applicable, from the hydrant valve in use for
refueling. When defueling is taking place, the vehicle will be venting and will generate a zone
radiating from the tank vent. (d) Inside the 3 m (10 ft.) zone, radios, radio telephones (cell
phones or mobile phones) and pagers as well as the operation of switches on lighting systems of
other than intrinsically safe types are not allowed. Personnel in the refueling/defueling zone and
those employed in refueling/defueling must not carry matches or other means of ignition or foot-
wear with exposed iron or steel studs, nails or tips.
Aircraft refueling is one of serious task carried out by trained aircraft mechanics.Refueling an
aircraft is a process where trained personnel carried out task to fill an aircraft with fuel in order
to enable the aircraft to continue its journey.

Generally there two methods of refueling which are

1. gravity refueling
2. pressure refueling.

Usually, pressure refueling is used when it comes to the refueling of large aircraft such as Boeing
747 and gravity fueling is used on small aircraft such as Cessna 172. This essay will describe
process of pressure refueling and there are several steps and precautions that must be done by
responsible personnel.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

 The first precaution that must be done by trained personnel before carrying out the
refueling process is to refer to the specific Aircraft Maintenance Manual.
 Next, this operation must be carried out outside the hangar and should be in a well-
ventilated area only.
 Make sure there are fire extinguishers nearby. Get to know the location and serviceability
of the fire extinguisher.
 know the location of the emergency fuel shut off valve if its available.
 This operation should be conducted by personnel who has the required knowledge. Do
not operate any electrical and radio equipment in this operation. while refueling, do not
connect the external ground power if its not connected before. And do not disconnect the
ground power if its not connected before refueling.
 do not operate of shutdown APU when refueling is being done.
 After that, park the fuel tanker obliquely so that it can be driven away from aircraft in
forward direction in case of emergency.
 check the correct grade of fuel is used.
 Also, ensure there is a proper bonding and groundings between aircraft and tanker,
aircraft and ground, tanker and ground, and nozzle and filler port.
 Do not smoke and no use of naked flame or equipment that can cause spark and ignite
fuel. This operation should be conducted away from any source of fire and if there is an
operation that involve with fire, it must be located 15 meters.
 Finally, warning sign should be displayed and posted 15 meters from the location of
operation.

do not refuel if

 the aircraft Engines are running.

 if you notice electrical storming.
 if oxygen servicing is being perform in the aircraft.
  if any part of the aircraft is over hot.

AIRCRAFT REFUELING PROCEDURE

 There are several steps of aircraft refueling and it starts with the grounding of aircraft and
the fuel tanker. Do not drag the hose along the leading edge.
 Next, connect the fueling nozzle grounding cable to the aircraft grounding receptacle and
immediately remove the filler cap. After that, insert the fuel nozzle into filler cap and
commence fueling which is carried out by the suction method which is provided by the
tanker.
 Stop fueling once the desired fuel quantity has been reached. This can be monitor from
the cockpit gauge reading.
 Once fueling process is done, install and secure the filler cap.
 Remove the fueling nozzle grounding cable from the aircraft grounding receptacle, the
fuel tanker from the aircraft and grounding cable from the aircraft as well as from the
tanker.
 Finally, ensure the fuel does not come in contact with skin, clothes and eyes. Immediately
clean and wash with water and special soap if this happens and also seek for the medical
attention. If there is any spillage of fuel on the ground, clean the spillage.