9/1/2018 Diagram circuit: Highly Accurate Mains High and Low Voltage Cut OFF Circuit Using IC 324

Low Voltage Cut OFF Circuit Using IC 324 Explained

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THURSDAY, MARCH 7, 2013 BLOG ARCHIVE

▼ 2013 (165)
Highly Accurate Mains High and Low Voltage Cut OFF ► June (3)
Circuit Using IC 324 Explained ► May (5)
► April (14)
▼ March (80)

The article describes how an accurate over and under voltage cut out circuit can Linear Electrical Circuit Theory

be made at home for protecting the domestic appliances from sudden 1992 Dodge w350 Wiring Diagram

dangerous high and low voltage influxes. Electrical Projects House Require

The AC mains high and low voltage cut off circuit explained in this article is very Whistling Kettle

easy to build and yet very reliable and accurate. The circuit utilizes a single IC UPS For Cordless Telephones
LM 324 for the necessary detections and instantly switches the relevant relays Audio Processor Circuit
so that the connected loads are isolated from the dangerous inputs. The circuit Number Tractor Diagram P
also provides visual indications of the respective voltage levels during any Gadgetsnu Drone Aircraftgadgetsnu
instant. Tips and Tricks on Audio Power Amplifier
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9/1/2018 Diagram circuit: Highly Accurate Mains High and Low Voltage Cut OFF Circuit Using IC 324 Explained

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R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 = 4K7,
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9/1/2018 Diagram circuit: Highly Accurate Mains High and Low Voltage Cut OFF Circuit Using IC 324 Explained

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Circuit Description
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THEORY

In one of my previous posts, we saw a very simple yet effective design of a Guitar Wiring Sitehumbucker Works
mains over voltage and low voltage cut off circuit, which is able to switch and cut AMPLIFIER FOR CARS 30 WATT
off the mains power from reaching the connected appliances once the input Home Pageensinandomapa Geral Site
voltage crossed over or below the dangerous thresholds. However due to the Transistor Inverter circuit 12V to 220V
100W
over simplicity of the design, involving just a couple of transistors, the circuit has
its own limitations, the major limitation being less accuracy and considerable Wiring Diagram Cat5e Cable Computer

hysteresis, resulting high threshold gap of more than 60 volts between the high Holmesvans Aircraft

and the low limits. Radio Circuits Long range FM transmitter

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The present design of a high voltage and low voltage cut off circuit is not only
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highly accurate but also provides visual indications regarding the relevant Lightsgeekalerts
voltages insteps. The accuracy is so high that virtually the thresholds can be Parts View Topicvolt Resistor Coil Wiring
separated and sensed within 5 volts range. Diagram
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The incorporation of op amps in the circuit equips it with the above feature and Heater Controller ...
therefore the whole idea become very much reliable.
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Let’s understand the circuit in details: Cross Cable

The op amps, A1, A2, A3, A4 are obtained from a single IC 324, which is a quad How to Make a Simplest 200 VA
Uninterrupted Power ...
op amp IC, means consists of four op amp blocks in one package. The IC is
3 channel Transistor Audio Mixer
outstandingly reliable and easy to configure and hardly poses a problem with its
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functioning, in short it has robust specs and is too flexible with most of the Comments
configurations. Picture Posted Wiring Diagram
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The four op amps are rigged as voltage comparators. The inverting inputs of all Aircraft External Hardpoints Carry Stores
the op amps are clamped to a fixed reference value of 6 volts which is done How to Buy and Use RF Remote Control
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through a resistance/zener network for ech of the op amps discretely.
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9/1/2018 Diagram circuit: Highly Accurate Mains High and Low Voltage Cut OFF Circuit Using IC 324 Explained

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The non-inverting input of A1 to A4 are connected to the power supply of the Marine Tachometer Diesel Alternator
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circuit through a voltage divider network formed by the presets P1, P2, P3 and
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P4 respectively. Ignition Circuit fo...
The presets can be adjusted as desired to flip the outputs of the respective op How to Make a NiMH NiCd Battery
Charger Circuit
amps when the relevant input level crosses the reference level set over the
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inverting inputs of the respective op amps.
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The outputs of A1 to A4 are integrated to LED indicators in a rather special way. Circuit for D...
Here instead of following th conventional method of connecting the LED File Detail Wiring Diagram Cable
cathodes to the ground, it is connected to the output of the preceding io amp’s Difference Between Current and Voltage
output. What is Vol...
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This special arrangement ensures that only one relevant LED is switched ON in Circuit Usi...
response to the rising or falling voltage levels from the op amps. Car Stereo Amplifier using TDA 2040

Two opt couplers are introduces in series with the uppermost and the bottom How to Make Wireless Speaker System
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LEDs so that the optos also conduct with the relevant LEDs during high and low
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voltage levels, specified as dangerous thresholds. Solid Cable
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The conduction of the opto couplers instantly switches the internal transistor
which in turn toggles the respective relay. ► February (63)

The poles of the two relays and the poles of the relays are connected in series
before supplying the output through them to the load. The series connection of ABOUT ME
the contacts ensures that if any one of the relay conducts, cuts of the mains deanvan jov
supply to the load or the connected appliance. Follow 1

At normal levels opamp A1, A2 or even A3 may be conducting because all these View my complete profile
are arranged in an incremental order and go on switching in sequence in
response to gradually rising voltages and vice versa.
Suppose at certain normal levels A1, A2 and A3 are all conducting (outputs
high), and A4 not conducting, at this point only the LED connected to R7 would
illuminate, because its cathode receives the required negative from the output of
A4, whereas the cathodes of the lower LEDs are all high because of the high
potentials from the above op amps. The LED connected to R8 also remains shut
off because A4’s output is low.

file:///D:/raja/AC%20CUT%20OUT%20CKT/Diagram%20circuit%20%20Highly%20Accurate%20Mains%20High%20and%20Low%20Voltage%20Cut%20OFF%20Circuit%20Using%20IC%20324%20Ex… 4/7
9/1/2018 Diagram circuit: Highly Accurate Mains High and Low Voltage Cut OFF Circuit Using IC 324 Explained

The above results appropriately influence the respective opt couplers and the
relays such that the relays conduct only during dangerous low or dangerous
high voltage levels detected by only A1 and A4 respectively.

A Simpler Approach
After some analysis, I realized that the above circuit could be simplified into a
much easier version. Please refer to the diagram given below; its self-
explanatory and very simple to understand.
However if you have problems understanding it, shoot me a comment.

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