Chapter 1 – Answers to questions (for in-chapter questions)

1 Magnesia, lime, soda, potash and barytes are all the names of compounds.

2 Any one of H2, N2, O2 or a halogen.

3 Any one of the noble gases.

4 45

5 3

6 3

7 24, 25 and 26

8 The ions represented in Figure 1.6 are formed by the loss of one electron from a
magnesium atom. But, the mass of one electron is negligible compared to the mass of
the whole atom.

9 8:1:1

10 a 12, b 2

11 Cu

12 Because they are relative to the mass of one twelfth of a carbon-12 atom.

13 a 2, b 76.2, c 98.1

14 a 134.5, b 148.3, c 277.9

15 a 0.25, b 0.1, c 0.1

16 a 2.0 × 10–23 g, b 63.5 g, c 51.55 g, d 24.0 g

17 a 0.77 × 1023, b 1.20 × 1023, c 7.22 × 1024

18 a 0.179 g and 0.445 g, b 4.46 × 10–3 mol and 4.63 × 10–3 mol
c 2.68 × 1021 ions and 2.79 × 1021 ions

19 a 28, 29 and 30
92 5 3
b × 28 + × 29 + × 30 = 25.76 + 1.45 + 0.90 = 28.11
100 100 100
c They have slightly different percentages of the three isotopes.

  

Chemistry in Context (Seventh edition) 1 Answers

20 Relative masses C : H = 0.92 : 0.077
0.92 0.077
Relative moles C : H = :
12 1
= 0.077 : 0.077 = 1 : 1
Empirical formula = CH
 
21 a 2Cu + O2  2CuO
b 4K + O2  2K2O
c 2Na + 2H2O  2NaOH + H2
d Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2
e CuO + H2SO4  CuSO4 + H2O
f 2H2 + O2  2H2O

22 a 183.5
b 63.5 g
c 183.5 g CuFeS2 gives 63.5 g Cu
63.5
1000 g CuFeS2 gives × 1000 g
183.5
So, 1000 kg CuFeS2 gives 346.0 kg Cu

23 a 2Fe + 3Cl2   2FeCl3

111.6 g Fe + 213 g Cl2  324.6 g FeCl3
213
 1.86 g Fe reacts with × 1.86 g Cl2 = 3.55 g Cl2
111.6
324.6
b Mass of FeCl3 produced = × 1.86 g = 5.41 g
111.6

24 C11H24 + oxygen  11CO2 + water
 156 g C11H24  
484 g CO2
484
 200 kg C11H24  × 200 kg CO2 = 620 kg CO2 per minute
156

25 Al2O3  2Al + 3/2O2

 102 g Al2
O3 gives 54 g Al
54
 1 kg Al2O3 gives kg Al = 0.53 kg Al
102

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Chemistry in Context (Seventh edition) 2 Answers
26 a 24 000 cm3 of Cl2 is 1 mol
1
 960 cm3 of Cl2 = × 960 mol = 0.04 mol
24000
b 24 dm3 CH4 = 1 mol
1
 144 dm3 
CH4 = ×144 = 6 mol
24
c 24000 cm3 O2 = 1 mol
1
 120 cm 3
 O2 = × 120 mol = 0.005 mol
24000

27 a 5 × 24 dm3 = 120 dm3 hydrogen.

6.4 6.4
b 6.4g O2 = mol O2 = × 24 dm3 = 4.8 dm3 O2
32 32

28 a C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

 dm  3 × 24 dm + negligible vol of liquid

b 24dm3 + 5 × 24 3 3

 1 vol + 5 vol  3 vol

2 dm3 + 10 dm3  6 dm3
So, 2 dm3 propane reacts with 10 dm3 oxygen to give 6 dm3 of CO2.

29 a Mr(CaCl2) = 111.1
22.22 0.2mol
 Concn = mol in 0.5 dm3 = 3
= 0.4 mol dm–3
111.1 0.5dm
b Mr((NH4)2SO4) = 132.1
39.63 0.3mol
 Conc

n
= mol in 0.4 dm3 = = 0.75 mol dm–3
132.1 0.4dm3
c Mr(CuSO4.5H2O) = 249.6
24.96 0.1mol
 Conc

n
= 
mol in 0.25dm 3
= = 0.4 mol dm–3
249.6 0.25dm3

30 a 3 dm3 of 3.0 mol dm–3 NaOH = 9 mol = 9 mol × 40g mol–1 = 360 g
b 200cm3 of 0.2 mol dm–3 H2SO
4
200
= dm3 × 0.2 mol dm–3 = 0.04 mol
1000
Mass of H2SO4 = 0.04 mol × 98.1 g mol–1 = 3.92 g

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Chemistry in Context (Seventh edition) 3 Answers

 50
c 50 cm3 of 2 mol dm–3 K2CO3 = dm3 × 2 mol dm–3 = 0.1 mol
1000
Mass of K2CO3 = 0.1 mol × 138.2 g mol–1 = 13.82 g

31 a Ratio of masses Cu : O= 3.81 : 0.48

3.81 0.48
Ratio of moles Cu : O = : = 0.06 : 0.03 = 2 : 1
63.5 16
 Formula = Cu2O
Equation for the reaction is 4Cu(s) + O2(g)  2Cu2O(s)
 
25
32 25 cm3 N2 = mol
24000
50
50 cm3 O2 = mol
24000
of moles N : O = 1 : 2
Ratio 2 2

 Ratio of moles N : O = 1 : 2

Formula of gas = NO2
Equation is 2NO2(g)  N2(g) + 2O2(g)

18
33 Moles H2SO4 = dm3 × 1.0 mol dm–3 = 0.018 mol
1000
24
Moles NaOH = dm3 × 1.5 mol dm–3 = 0.036 mol
1000
 NaOH react with 1 mol H SO
 2 mol 2 4

Equation is 2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)


34 a Fe(s) + 3Cl2(g)  2Fe3+(Cl–)3(s)
b Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq)  Zn2+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq) + H2(g)
c 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l)  2Na+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) + H2(g)
d 2K+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) + 2H+(aq) + SO42–(aq)  2K+(aq) + SO42–(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Chemistry in Context (Seventh edition) 4 Answers