ACADEMIC OUTCOMES AMONG SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH

OVERSEAS FILIPINO PARENTS IN DLSJBC

S.Y. 2018-2019

A RESEARCH PAPER

Presented to
The Faculty of the
Senior High School Department
De La Salle John Bosco College
Bislig City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the requirement for the Spirit
PRACTICAL RESEARCH

Calusayan, Rechyle M.
Dilan, Beatrice Mae D.
Pabalate, Jubilee Amarie O.
Ranoco, Angeli M.
Velasquez, Geremae M.

July 2018
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

I. RATIONALE

A traditional family composes of a father, mother and the children. Some families comprises

of a single parent and a child. Other family includes the immediate members and some extended

member who comprise the grandparents and/or other relative. However, in the absence of either

or both of the parents due to overseas employment, the grandparents or the closest relative of an

Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) take charge of the children left behind, thus, the studies of these

children might not be properly monitored.

Parents leaving their homes to work abroad becomes a universal experience of many of the

families nowadays primarily due to material poverty. The decision to work away from the family

had reaped both favorable and unfavorable consequences. The first involved financial stability

manifested one luxurious lifestyle after acquiring wealth and properties and being able to put up

own business, while the latter involves the feeling of emptiness and lost time to be close with

another. The difficulties experienced by the families continue to challenge their members not only

to invest their earning to something economically viable but most importantly to hold on to their

family values as much as possible through constant communication and care for each other. After

all, there are realities in life money could not pay.

Parental absence creates “displacement, disruptions and changes in care giving arrangement.”

There is always an emotional aspect that goes along with parents leaving their children, especially

for long periods of time. Nevertheless, it is also a relief to have the extended family looking after
the children left-behind. However, it cannot negate the fact that the children are longing for the

love and care of their biological parents.

II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

General Problem:

To know the academic performance of the children of overseas Filipino workers of the

senior high school students in DLSJBC.

Specific Questions:

1. We would like to know more the student and their parents through this questions:

Respondents Profile (Student)

 Name

 Age

 Gender

 Age as to when their parents left

 Year and Section

Parents of the Respondents Profile

 OFW Parent

 Marital Status

 Work Place

 Duration of employment

 Frequency of visit

2. Being a child of an overseas parent, how did it affect their academic grades?
 3. How the following factors does affects the academic performance of children with OFW

Parents?

 Motivational Support

 Open Communication

 Emotional Support

 Follow-Up

 Reward System

4. How do students with overseas parents cope up with their studies and activities?

III. PURPOSE STATEMENT

This research aims to gather data to determine the factors that influence the academic

performance of Overseas Filipino Workers’ children in DLSJBC particularly the Senior High

School students. Specifically, this study will achieve the following:

 Determine the parental involvement in terms of the roles and degree of performing the

school-related needs of the OFW children.

 Help the personal adjustment of OFW children in terms of their academic performance.

IV. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study will be beneficial to the students, teachers, parents and school administrators.

Students – This study may help them to assess their self if they are really doing well on their

studies. It makes them realize that they should do well on their education, because that’s the main

reason why their mother or father go abroad to work.

Teachers – As the second parent of the children, they can help these students to do well in

achieving well on school. They can guide them and understand the situation of their students.

Parents – They will know the condition of their children after leaving them to work abroad. The

effect towards the academic performance of their children if it is going well or not.

School Administrators – This study will serve as their basis in planning and enhancing possible

programs that will help the children to improve their academic standing.

V. SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This research seeks to determine the academic performance of Overseas Filipino Workers’

children who attended at De La Salle John Bosco College for the school year 2018-2019. It is

expected that within the given time the researcher would collect the answers of respondents

regarding this research work.

VI. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This study which deals the academic performance of the children of overseas Filipino workers

of high school students is based on the concepts and theories made by some authors.

Motivation has been defined as the level of effort an individual is willing to expend toward the

achievement of a certain goal. Biehler and Snowman (1993) state that motivation is typically

defined as the forces that account for the arousal, section, direction, and continuation of behavior.

Both definitions imply that motivation comes from within a person; therefore, schools’

responsibility is to create the conditions that will enhance students’ motivation to pursue academic

goals actively over a long period of time.

 The behavioral interpretations of motivation rest on B. F. Skinner’s behavioral learning

theories and focuses on the reinforcement of desired behavior through the use of extrinsic reward.

Biehler and Snowman (1993) state that behavioral interpretations of learning help to explain why

some pupils react favorably to particular subjects and dislike others. Social theorists, such as Albert

Bandura, emphasize the impact of students’ identification and imitation of someone, pointing out

their resulting positive academic outcomes. Psychologists have noted that excessive use of

extrinsic forms of motivation such as praise and rewards may lead to resentment, limitation of

transfer, may cause dependency on teachers, the undermining of intrinsic motivation, and viewing

learning as a means to an end. They suggest that to limit the negative effects of extrinsic rewards,

teachers should use extrinsic forms of reward only when correct or desired responses occur.
 VII. Conceptual Framework

Figure 1.1 shows the relationship between the variables.

Factors Affecting the Academic

Performance of Children with
OFW Parents.

 Motivational support Academic Outcomes among

 Open Communication Senior High School Students
 Emotional Support with Overseas Filipino Parents.
 Follow-Up
 Reward System
 Academic Performance

The conceptual framework shows the relationship between the independent variable

(overseas Filipino parents) and the dependent variable (academic outcomes of students), shown in

Figure 1.1. The framework contains six important factors with regard to parental involvement. The

six factors are motivational support, open communication, emotional support, follow-up, reward

system and the academic performance of the students.

Parenting pertains to helping all families to understand the development of both the child

and the adolescent. The basic obligations of parents include responsibilities of families to ensure

children's health and safety; to the parenting and child-rearing skills needed to prepare children for

school; to the continual need to supervise, discipline, and guide children at each age level; and to

the need to build positive home conditions that support school learning and behavior appropriate

for each grade level. It also helps establishing a supportive home environment for children as

students.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

OFW - Overseas Filipino Workers is a Filipino living and working outside of the Philippines who

are in another country for a limited or definite period on a work contract.

Academic Outcomes - Represents performance that indicate the extent to which a person has

accomplished specific goals that were the focus of activities in instructional environments,

specifically in school, college, and university. It is usually expressed as knowledge, skills, attitudes

or values.

Parental Migration – Are parents leaving the country in order to improve their living standards,

as well as to economically support those left behind, who comprise mainly children.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In encouraging their children to do well in school, it is customary for Filipino parents to

say that education is the best legacy they can bequeath to the young ones. When economic

resources constrain parent’s capacity to perform this role, parents may turn to migration to realize

their dreams for their children. The aspiration to provide a better future for their children by

education plays a crucial role in the decisions of Filipinos to work abroad. On the one hand,

remittances are seen as enhancing the children’s well-being, but on the other hand, parental

absence is perceived to deprive children of emotional support and care that are determine

detrimental to the children’s welfare.

Reasons of OFW Parents

According to Jasser Lewin (2013) Better job opportunities and higher pay overseas have

urged many Filipino to work abroad and leave their families for years. In fact, way back in 2006

alone, 1.5 million Filipino workers were deployed to various parts of the globe. So, a number of

children these days experience the absence of fathers or mothers who tend to come home only

once in every two to three years. The situation is far from normal and is more likely to cause a

huge impact on the mental and emotional well-being of the children.

Fortunately, according to surveys, more Filipino children have been able to cope up with

the absence of their fathers, primarily because of the immeasurable love and devotion of their

mothers. Moreover, in some cases the emotional damage is alleviated because most of the Filipino

families are extended. This causes a diversion of attention of the children from their father, to other

relative.
Effects of Parents Working Abroad towards the Child

According to Hearts Apart Focus Group Discussion Research (2012), the departure of one

or two parents leaves an emotional mark on the young children left behind. The children long for

the presence of the migrant parent(s), especially when mothers are away. But the author suggests

that the children are attended to by the family-most the mothers when both parents are out. Despite

the emotional displacement, the children of OFW’s are not disadvantaged vis-à-vis the children of

non-migrant in many dimensions of well-being. Thus, when the family is stable, it can withstand

the separation imposed by migration

In terms of socio-economic variables, the children of workers are markedly better off

compared to the children of non-migrant. Aside from objective indicators of Socio-Economic

Status (SES), such as home ownership and ownership of durable goods, the children of migrants

also perceive their families as doing well as far as economic status is concerned. This economic

advantage appears to provide the children of migrants with other advantages. More OFW children

are enrolled in private schools and more likely participate in extracurricular activities, such us

camping, field trips, school programs and so forth. Their exposure to these programs not only

broadens their learning, which may have contributed to their overall academic performance.

Moreover, in the study of Jeanilen Salubon (2012) the academic performances of pupils

differ, depending on the kind of environment they are in. one of the factors that the educators

should look into is to fulfill their commitment to the school and society. Teachers should be aware

of socio-economic status of the pupils which is an important aspect in helping the pupils in their

total development. Some school children whose parents are an OFW and the distance from their

parents is a great factor that affects their studies. Pupils come to school also with varied degrees

of intelligence, different environment, exposure and economic backgrounds.

 In the study of Tobin (2011) most affected in such dynamic are the children, who may deal

with the absence of on parent or both parents either positively or negatively. Data from the

UNICEF showed that there are about 3-6 million Filipino children left behind as parents pursue to

work abroad. The figure of affected Filipino children casts a huge shadow when compared with

Indonesia’s one million and Thailand’s half a million. The absence of parent, Tobin noted, creates

“displacement, disruptions and changes in care-giving arrangement.” Such effects are more felt

when it is the mother who works abroad, as families go through adjustments, than it is the father

who goes to work abroad. This is because men do not easily take up care-giving when they assume

the role of the mother.

According to Sam Louise (2013).The family and home are the major factors in student's

learning and achievements. The parents are the provider of the basic needs of the children such as

physical, emotional, social and educational needs. It is likewise the basic unit of the educational

system, for it is in the family where the child starts his or her training in becoming a worthy

member of the family. The first social interaction of every individual is with the family. No matter

what values, behavior and ways of life he may learn in the future, he or she always returns to his

or her roots. In addition, children of migrant workers receive more money and remittances for their

educational expenses.

In connection with her study. Parents strive to provide the best for their children. Some

parents are privileged, some are not and some researchers reveal that the economic status of a

family has an effect on the school attitude of the children. Such situation is indicative of the number

of OFW. Students with the OFW parents are oftentimes devoid of attention and proper guidance

that only parents of intact families can provide. These are inconsistencies in imposing discipline

and lack of moral support from both parents which affect the child's social and emotional
adjustments. Having no proper discipline and guidance, these children may resort to anti-behavior,

thereby serving as threats to society.

From the said findings, the difference with this research may not be viable but certain

effects might also observed from the respondents of this research.

Effects of Parents Working Abroad towards the Academic Performance of their Children

According to Ntitika J.L. (2014) in his study, “The economic status of parents can also be

concluded as to affect the academic performance of some students. This whereby some of the

students who come from families, which are not economically stable, tend to be chased out of

school for fees whereas others are not able to purchase some of the reading materials. This affects

their performance largely. Moreover, poor economic backgrounds limit the parents from sending

their children to schools that have adequate facilities or of high standards simply because they are

not able to meet the educational cost required.”

According to the studies of Arguillas M.J.; Williams L. (2010) “Family structure,

household resources, numbers of siblings competing for those resources, and parents’ own

educational attainment are often important predictors of children’s education outcomes. Overseas

migration of parents from the Philippines has resulted in increasing numbers of long-term

separations of parents from each other and from their children. Western-based analyses might

predict negative education outcomes for children as a result of parental absence. We find that

separations caused by overseas migration often are either neutral or can have positive effects on

schooling outcomes, at least among older children. Girls fare better in terms of educational

attainment than do boys overall. Boys are often more affected by background variables, including

parents’ international migration.”

 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The research will make use of a descriptive research approach since the research is all about

the Academic Outcomes of Senior High School students here in De La Salle John Bosco College

whose parent/s is/are working abroad.

Setting

The study was conducted here in De La Salle John Bosco College. The students who has

an OFW parent/s were the respondents of this research.

Sampling Method

Instrumentation

The researchers will make use of this survey with questions to be answered by the selected

Senior High School students here in De La Salle John Bosco College who has parent/s working

overseas. The survey questions are open-ended questions that would allow the respondents to

answer and share their own thoughts.

Data Gathering Method

The type of data gathering method that will be used in this research is the Questionnaire

and Surveys method. This method is used to collect, analyze and interpret the views of a group of

people from a target population.

Data Processing and Analysis

Questionnaire
Academic Outcomes among Senior High School Students with Overseas Filipino
Parents in DLSJBC
This questionnaire is designed for research purpose. The information collected will not be
used for any other purposes. There are no right or wrong answer. Please answer or fill-up the
following justly or properly. We will appreciate your cooperation and help.

Respondent’s Profile (Student):

Name: _________________________________ Gr. & Sec.: __________________________
Age: _________ Gender: Male Female Guardians: __________________________
Age as to when your parents left to work abroad: __________

Parents’ Profile: (Students are allowed to fill-up the following)

OFW Parent: Mother Father Both Marital Status: Single Married
Work Place: _________________________ Duration of employment: ___________________
(City, Country) (Please specify)

Frequency of Visit: Once a year Twice a year Others: _________________

(Please specify)

Directions: Please answer each questions by putting a check mark on the following columns
below. (Answer precisely.)

Remarks:
1 – The question is good
2 – Revise this question
3 – I don’t like this question

Motivational Support Always Sometimes Often Never Remarks

Does your OFW parent/s give you advice
that motivate you in your academic
performances?
Does your OFW parent/s encourage you to
do your tasks in school every day?
Does having an OFW parent/s motivate
you to do well in school?
Do you still feel motivated even though
you encounter a feeling of
incompleteness?
Do you misunderstand the way how your
parent/s motivates you?
Does you OFW parent/s gives you enough
motivation to do the tasks in terms of your
academics?

Open Communication
Do you communicate with your OFW
parent/s?
Are there times you can’t communicate
with your OFW parent/s?
Are there instances that you feel
disappointed when your OFW parent/s fail
to communicate?
Do you feel unusual when you
communicate with your OFW parent/s?
Do you feel happy when you’re able to
communicate with your OFW parent/s?

Emotional Support
Do you feel down when your OFW
parent/s are not there when you have any
health conditions?
Do you feel dissatisfaction when your
OFW parent/s are not around when you’re
experiencing psychological pain?
Are there times that you feel
incompleteness?
Do you feel lonely when you think about
your parent/s being away?
Are there time that you can’t hold your
emotion when you’re missing your OFW
parent/s?

Follow Up
Do you feel jealous of other students
accompanied by parents every family day?
Do you avoid conversations talking about
parents?
Do you feel down whenever there is a
family activities in the school?
Do you feel unimportant because your
parent don’t have enough time to bond
with you?
Do you feel like an outcast because other
students has their parents every family
activities?
Do you feel down whenever you need the
presence of your parents but they’re aren’t
around?

Reward System
Are you satisfied with what your OFW
parent/s send to you like money, gadgets
and etc.?
Do you feel happy when your parent/s
come home even though it’s temporary?
Do you avoid or refuse offer from your
parent/s when they try to make up for their
absence?
Do you feel a bit of completeness when
they come home here?
Is it okay for you when they make you feel
important even though they’re faraway?
Do you still feel uneasy when they are
home after a huge period of time?

Academic Performance
Are you doing well in terms of your
academics?
Is there any difficulties you encounter in
your academics?
Can you focus well in your academics even
if your parent/s are away?
Did you pass all the paper works or
requirements needed in your studies?
Does having an OFW parent/s affect your
academics?
Do you manage your time equally in doing
thing in terms of your academics?