Lte V2

Security Level:
By Abid Jameel
a00711490
www.huawei.com
LTE Radio Interface Procedures
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Contents
1- FAQs
2- Reselection
Frame Structure//Throughput Calculations etc
3- SIBs
3- Registration
4-Paging IDLE Mode
5-Handover
6-DL Power
Control
7-DL Connected Mode
Scheduling
8-ANR Self Optimization
9-ICIC Network
10-MRO
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FAQs
Frame Structure (FDD)
elated Concept
Radio Frame
Subframe(TTI)
Slot
Subcarrier
Resource Block (Scheduling Minimum Unit)
Resource Element
Channel RB Subcarrier
BW (MHz) Number Number
1.4 6 72
3 15 180
5 25 300
10 50 600
15 75 900
20 100 1200
Downlink Calculation
ximum throughput = Number of RB × 12 (Number of Sub-carrier with
Number of Symbols with a Sub-frame) × [ 1 － (RS overhead and PDCCH
Modulation symbols efficiency × MIMO × 1000 (Number of Sub-frame
× Coding rate
DD LTE system 10M, 2 * 2 MIMO, 64QAM, the Coding rate is 1.

downlink physical layer theory rate = 50*12*14*(1-(2/21+1/21))*6*2*1000*1 =82.4Mbps
cludes 12 sub-carrier
me 14 symbol
ach symbol represents 6 bits
00ms
head (total symbol of one RB=12*14=168, RS symbol number=16, 16/168=2/21)
overhead (If downlink sub-frame PDCCH accounted for only a symbol, and the PDCCH symbol is the first
ub-frame, this is the minimal overhead in PDCCH, a downlink sub-frame occupies 8 subcarriers, so the
overhead is 8 symbols, 8 / (14 * 12) =8/168= 1/21.
s is an ideal value, because the SCH, BCH also take up some of the resources, and consider the
the actualHuawei
Downlink peak rate around 70Mbps
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Uplink Calculation
m throughput = Number of RB × 12 (Number of Sub-carrier with one RB) ×
ymbols with a Sub-frame) × ( 1 － RS overhead ) × Modulation symbols efficiency ×
f Sub-frame in one second) × Coding rate
D LTE system 10M, None MIMO, 16QAM, the Coding rate is 1.

hysical layer theory rate = 46*12*14*(1-1/7)*4*1000*1=26.5Mbps
cludes 12 sub-carrier
me 14 symbol
h symbol represents 4 bits
ead
0ms
not support 64QAM and MIMO in uplink, and consider the PUCCH occupied 4RB, the pilot overhe
reach the peak rate 25.6Mbps, in fact should also consider the impact of sounding and PRACH,
peak rate around 25Mpbs
r Frequency EARFCN Calculation(3GPP : 36.104)
Channel raster
Table 5.7.3-1 E-UTRA channel numbers
Downlink Uplink
The channel raster is 100 kHz for all bands, which E-UTRA FDL_low [MHz] NOffs-DL Range of NDL FUL_low [MHz] NOffs-UL Range of NUL
means that the carrier centre frequency must be an Operating
Band
integer multiple of 100 kHz. 1 2110 0 0 – 599 1920 18000 18000 – 18599
2 1930 600 6001199 1850 18600 18600 – 19199
3 1805 1200 1200 – 1949 1710 19200 19200 – 19949
Carrier frequency and EARFCN 4
5
2110
869
1950
2400
1950 – 2399
2400 – 2649
1710
824
19950
20400
19950 – 20399
20400 – 20649
The carrier frequency in the uplink and downlink is 6 875 2650 2650 – 2749 830 20650 20650 – 20749
designated by the E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency 7 2620 2750 2750 – 3449 2500 20750 20750 – 21449
Channel Number (EARFCN) in the range 0 - 65535. 8 925 3450 3450 – 3799 880 21450 21450 – 21799
9 1844.9 3800 3800 – 4149 1749.9 21800 21800 – 22149
The relation between EARFCN and the carrier frequency 10 2110 4150 4150 – 4749 1710 22150 22150 – 22749
in MHz for the downlink is given by the following equation, 11 1475.9 4750 4750 – 4949 1427.9 22750 22750 – 22949
12 728 5000 5000 – 5179 698 23000 23000 – 23179
where FDL_low and NOffs-DL are given in table 5.7.3-1 and 13 746 5180 5180 – 5279 777 23180 23180 – 23279
NDL is the downlink EARFCN. 14 758 5280 5280 – 5379 788 23280 23280 – 23379
…
FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL – NOffs-DL) 17

18
734
860
5730
5850
5730 – 5849
5850 – 5999
704
815
23730
23850
23730 – 23849
23850 – 23999
19 875 6000 6000 – 6149 830 24000 24000 – 24149
20 791 6150 6150 - 6449 832 24150 24150 - 24449
The relation between EARFCN and the carrier frequency 21 1495.9 6450 6450 – 6599 1447.9 24450 24450 – 24599
…
in MHz for the uplink is given by the following equation
where FUL_low and NOffs-UL are given in table 5.7.3-1 and
33 1900 36000 36000 – 36199 1900 36000 36000 – 36199
NUL is the uplink EARFCN. 34 2010 36200 36200 – 36349 2010 36200 36200 – 36349
35 1850 36350 36350 – 36949 1850 36350 36350 – 36949
36 1930 36950 36950 – 37549 1930 36950 36950 – 37549
37 1910 37550 37550 – 37749 1910 37550 37550 – 37749
FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL – NOffs-UL) 38 2570 37750 37750 – 38249 2570 37750 37750 – 38249
39 1880 38250 38250 – 38649 1880 38250 38250 – 38649
40 2300 38650 38650 – 39649 2300 38650 38650 – 39649
NOTE: The channel numbers that designate carrier frequencies so close to the operating band edges that the carrier
extends beyond the operating band edge shall not be used. This implies that the first 7, 15, 25, 50, 75 and 100
channel numbers at the lower operating band edge and the last 6, 14, 24, 49, 74 and 99 channel numbers at the
upper operating band edge shall not be used for channel bandwidths of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz respectively.
Example
FDL (center Freq) = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL (EARFCN) – NOffs-DL)
Or
NDL (EARFCN)= 10*(FDL (center Freq) - FDL_low ) + NOffs-DL
Say FDL (center Freq) = 1815
NDL (EARFCN)=10*(1815-1805)+1200
NDL (EARFCN)=1300
RS Mapping on different AxA MIMO
It is worth noting that the position of the

reference signals is dependent on the value
of the
Physical Cell ID. As such, the system
performs a calculation (Physical Cell ID mod
6) to
determine the correct offset. Figure A
illustrates two cells, each producing a
different
offset.
Figure A
s for QoS Class Identifier. This is a special identifier defining the quality of packet communication provided b
of the class is from 1 to 9. Each of this class is defined as in the following table (TS 23.203).

f Scheduled User in 1 TTI
information is in PDCCH frame.
mber of RE for PDCCH=100(RB for 100Mhz)*12(SC)*3

mber of bits for PDCCH in 1 TTI=100*12*3*Modulation
PSK
QAM
QAM
QI
xample:
er of bits for PDCCH in 1 TTI=100*12*3*6=21600
bits required by each user for scheduling= 17
upport forTECHNOLOGIES
HUAWEI scheuding =21600/17=1270
CO., LTD. Users
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IDLE Mode Behavior
Idle Mode Overview
PLMN Selection
Cell selection & cell reselection
System Information reception
Tracking area registration
Paging monitoring procedure
Idle Mode Overview
at is powered on but does not have an RRC connection to the radio network
ed as being in idle mode. In the case of idle mode management, the eNodeB
onfigurations by broadcasting system information, and accordingly, UEs select
e cells to camp on. Idle mode management can increase the access success rate,
e the quality of service, and ensure that UEs camp on cells with good signal
PLMN Selection
A PLMN identity consists of a Mobile Country Code

(MCC) and a Mobile Network Code (MNC).
When a UE is powered on or recovers from lack of

coverage, after the cell search, the UE first selects
the last registered PLMN and attempts to register
on that PLMN. If the registration on the PLMN is
successful, the UE shows the selected PLMN on the
display, and now it can obtain service from an
operator. If the last registered PLMN is unavailable
or the registration on the PLMN fails, another PLMN
can be automatically or manually selected
according to the priorities of PLMNs stored in the
USIM.
Cell Selection & Reselection P-SCH
Cell search is a procedure in which a UE achieves time and
frequency
synchronization with a cell, obtains the physical cell ID, and learns
the S-SCH
signal quality and other information about the cell based on the
physical cell ID. Before selecting or reselecting a cell, a UE
performs
a cell search on all carrier frequencies.
PCI
In the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, Synchronization
Channels
(SCHs) are specially used for cell search. There are two types of
SCH: Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH) and
Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH).
The cell search procedure on SCHs is as follows:
The UE monitors the P-SCH to achieve clock synchronization
with a
maximum synchronization error of 5 ms. Physical cell IDs have
one-to-one mapping with primary synchronization signals.
Therefore,
the UE acquires the physical cell ID by monitoring the P-SCH.
The UE monitors the S-SCH to achieve frame synchronization,
that is, time synchronization with the cell.
Cell ID groups have a one-to-one relation with secondary
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Cell Selection Criteria
 During cell selection, a UE needs to check whether a cell fulfills the cell selection criteria. The cell selection is bas
ed on the RSRP of the E-UTRAN cell. Before a UE can select a cell to camp on, the RSRP of the cell must be higher
than the user-defined minimum receive (RX) level Qrxlevmin of the cell.
 The formula for cell selection decision is as follows:
 Srxlev > 0
 where Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) - Pcompensation
 Qrxlevmeas is the measured RX level in the cell (RSRP), expressed in decibels with reference to one milliwatt (dB
m).
 Qrxlevmin is the minimum required RX level (set in the eNodeB) in the cell, expressed in units of dBm.
 Qrxlevminoffset is the offset to Qrxlevmin . This offset is taken into account when the UE attempts to camp on a c
ell in a higher-priority PLMN. That is, when camped on a cell in a VPLMN, the UE considers this offset parameter,
which was signaled from the associated cell in the higher-priority PLMN, in the Srxlev evaluation.
 Pcompensation is generated according to the function max(PMax - UE Maximum Output Power, 0). The value is e
xpressed in decibels (dB).
 PMax is the maximum allowed transmit power of the UE in the cell, expressed in units of dBm. It is used in uplin
k transmission.
Cell Reselection
 The signal strength of both serving cell and neighboring cells varies with the m
ovement of UE and so the UE need to select the most suitable cell to camp on.
This process is called cell reselection.
 Cell reselection process:

 Measurement Start criteria
 Cell reselection criteria
Intra frequency
Interfrequency (within LT
InterRAT ( LTE to Other RA
Intra frequency Measurement
 If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is not configured, the
UE performs intra frequency measurements always.
 If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is configured:
 Srxlev > SintraSearch,

 the UE does not perform intra frequency measurement.
 Srxlev <= SintraSearch,

 the UE perform intra frequency measurement.
Srxlev = Smeas - SM
Inter Frequency // RAT Measurement
 For the neighbor with higher priority
 The UE always perform inter frequency / RAT measurement
 For the neighbor with Low or equal priority

 If the threshold is not configured , the UE always perform inter frequency/RAT
measurement
 If threshold is configured:
 When Srxlev > SNonIntraSearch, UE does not perform inter frequency / RAT
measurement
 When Srxlev <=SNonIntraSeach, UE perform inter frequency / RAT
measurement
UE can get the serving cell & inter frequency / RAT neighbors’ priority
h priority cells, UE measure them always, for low priority cells, UE measure them incase of serving cell sign
hold.
equency cells have the same frequency priority, frequencies of different RATs must have different priorities
Intra Frequency//Same Priority Cell Reselection Dec
ision
 A UE makes a cell reselection decision according to cell reselection criteria. When making a decision on reselection to an intra-freque
ncy or equal-priority inter-frequency cell, the UE checks whether the signal quality of a neighboring cell is higher than that of the ser
ving cell. The UE evaluates the neighboring cell only after the cell meets the cell selection criteria.
 The cell-ranking criteria R_s for the serving cell and R_n for neighboring cells are defined as follows:
 R_s = Qmeas,s + Qhyst
 R_n = Qmeas,n - CellQoffset
 where:
 Qmeas,s is the measured RSRP of the serving cell, expressed in units of dBm.
 Qhyst is the hysteresis for the serving cell used in the ranking criteria, expressed in units of dB. It is set in the eNodeB.
 Qmeas,n is the measured RSRP of the neighboring cell, expressed in units of dBm.
 CellQoffset is the offset for the neighboring cell used in the ranking criteria, expressed in units of dB. It is set in the eNodeB.
 According to the cell reselection criteria, the UE should reselect the new cell only if both the following conditions are met:
 The new cell is ranked higher than the serving cell during the cell reselection time.
 More than one second has elapsed since the UE camped on the serving cell.
 During cell reselection, the UE needs to check whether access to that cell is allowed according to the cellAccessRelatedInfo Informati
on Element (IE) in the SIB1. If the cell is barred, it must be excluded from the candidate list, and the UE does not consider the cell as
a candidate for cell reselection. If the cell is unsuitable because it is part of the list of forbidden TAs for roaming or it does not belon
g to the registered PLMN or an EPLMN, the UE does not consider this cell and other cells on the same frequency as candidates for res
election for a maximum of 300 seconds.
Inter-RAT/Inter Frequency High Priority Cell Reselec
tion Decision
 For the high priority cells, the UE perform cell reselection if following condition
s are met:
 In “ reselection time”, “Sxlev” of a neighbor is higher than “ ThreshXHigh”

 More than one second has elapsed since the UE camped on the serving cell.
 Note: If the highest cell is unsuitable because is part of list of forbidden Tac for
roaming or it does not belong to registered PLMN or an EPLMN, the UE does not
consider this cell as candidate for reselection for a maximum of 300 seconds.
Inter-RAT/Inter-Frequency low Priority Cell Reselect
ion Decision
 For low priority cells, the UE perform cell reselection if the following condition
are met:
 No cell on a higher priority frequency meets the criteria

 In “ reselection time”, “Srxlev” of the serving cell is lower than “ ThrshServLow”, but “Srxlev” v
alue of the evaluated neighbor cell is greater than “ ThreshXLow”
 More than one second has elapsed since the UE camped on the serving cell.
ystem Information Block Contents
SI Block Content
MIB Downlink bandwidth of a cell, Physical HARQ Indication Channel (PHICH) parameters, and System Frame
Number (SFN)
SIB1 Parameters related to cell access and cell selection and scheduling information of SI messages
SIB2 Common radio parameters used by all the UEs in a cell
SIB3 Common cell reselection parameters for all the cells and intra-frequency cell reselection parameters
SIB4 Intra-frequency neighboring cell list, reselection parameters of each neighboring cell used for cell
reselection, and intra-frequency cell reselection blacklist
SIB5 Inter-frequency E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN) list and reselection
parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
Inter-frequency cell list and reselection parameters of each neighboring cell used for cell reselection
Inter-frequency cell reselection blacklist
SIB6 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) neighboring EARFCN list and
reselection parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
UTRA Time Division Duplex (TDD) neighboring EARFCN list and reselection parameters of each EARFCN
used for cell reselection
SIB7 GERAN neighboring EARFCN list and reselection parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
SIB8 CDMA2000 pre-registration information
CDMA2000 neighboring frequency band list and reselection parameters of each band used for cell
reselection
CDMA2000 neighboring cell list of neighboring frequency band
SIB9 Name of the home eNodeB

SIB10 Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) primary notification
SIB11 ETWS secondary notification
MIB
The MIB is transmitted over the BCH. The scheduling period of the MIB is 40 ms. The first transmission
of the MIB is scheduled in subframe 0 of radio frames for which the SFN mod 4 = 0, and repetitions are
scheduled in subframe 0 of the last three radio frames in each period.
System Information Type-1
Site ID : 0x12519=75033
Cell ID: 02 ( sec-C)
SIB1 is mandatory SIB and send in DL-SCH

The scheduling period of the SIB1 is fixed to 80 ms. The first transmission of the SIB1 is
scheduled in subframe 5 of radio frames for which the SFN mod 8 = 0, and repetitions
are scheduled in subframe 5 of the later radio frames for which SFN mod 2 = 0 in each
period. SIB1 Parameters related to cell access and cell selection and scheduling information of SI messages
System Information (Sib-3)
SIB3 Common cell reselection parameters for all the cells and intra-frequency cell reselection parameters
System Information(Sib-4//Sib-6)
SIB6 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)
neighboring EARFCN list and reselection parameters of each EARFCN
SIB4 Intra-frequency neighboring cell list, reselection parameters of used for cell reselection
each neighboring cell used for cell reselection, and intra- UTRA Time Division Duplex (TDD) neighboring EARFCN list and
frequency cell reselection blacklist reselection parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
Tracking Area Registration
end paging messages to all enodeB in the TA. A TA is identified by
ng area identifier (TAI), which consist of MCC+MNC+TAC
 TAC in SIB1:
 A UE informs the EPC of its Tracking area in 2 ways.

 Attach/Detach
 TA update (Periodic + Normal)
Attach//Detach
 When a UE needs to obtain service from a network but is not registered to the
network, the UE perform an attach procedure for TA registration
 When the UE fails to access the EPC or the EPC doesn’t allow the access of the
UE, a detach procedure is initiated. After the detach procedure, EPC no longer
pages the UE.
TA Update (Periodic + Normal)
 TA update are performed in the following situations:

 The UE detects a new TA
 The periodic TA update timer expires(T3412  54min)
 The UE perform reselection to an E-UTRAN cell from another RAT
 The RRC connection is released because of load balancing
 The information on UE capabilities stored in the ECP changes
 The DRX parameter changes
Paging Monitoring Procedure
y Concept
DefaultPagingCycle (T), DRX Cycle Coefficient.

Paging Frame (PF)
Paging Occasion (PO) Function of IMSI
Paging Parameters in SIB2

N for PF
BCCH-DL-SCH-Message ::= SEQUENCE
N mod T = (T div N) x (UE_ID mod N) +-message ::= CHOICE [c1]
+-c1 ::= CHOICE [systemInformation]
+-systemInformation ::= SEQUENCE
r Subframe PO +-criticalExtensions ::= CHOICE [systemInformation-
e subframe number i_s of a PO is derived from the following formula: r8]
+-systemInformation-r8 ::= SEQUENCE [0]
=Floor (UE_ID/N) mod Ns +-sib-TypeAndInfo ::= SEQUENCE OF
SIZE(1..maxSIB[32]) [1]
| +- ::= CHOICE [sib2]
*Occasion (PO) is a subframe where there may be P-RNTI transmitted on | +-sib2 ::= SEQUENCE [00]
......
PDCCH addressing the paging message.
| | +-pcch-Config ::= SEQUENCE
* Paging Frame (PF) is one Radio Frame, which may contain one or multiple | | | +-defaultPagingCycle ::= ENUMERATED
Paging Occasion(s). [rf128]
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. | | | +-nB
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SFN for PF
Meaning of Parameters
SFN mod T = (T div N) x (UE_ID mod N)
For Subframe PO
The subframe number i_s of a PO is derived from the
following formula:
Cycle i_s =Floor (UE_ID/N) mod Ns
min(T,NB). The NB parameter specifies the number of PO subframes in a DRX cycle. Based on the actual
ation on the eNodeB, NB can be set to 4T, 2T, T, T/2, T/4, T/8, T/16, or T/32.
ax(1,NB/T).
IMSI mod 1024.
SIB-2
Understanding of NB
SFN for PF
Example SFN mod T = (T div N) x (UE_ID mod N)
For Subframe PO
IMSI: IMSI(448835805669362) The subframe number i_s of a PO is derived from the following form
i_s =Floor (UE_ID/N) mod Ns
N=N is min(T,NB)  N=min(T,T)  T=128
Ns =max(1,NB/T)  Ns=max(1,NB/T)
Ns=max(1,T/T)  1
UE_ID is IMSI mod 1024  (448835805669362) mod
1024=1010
d T=(128 div 128) x (1010 mod 128)= 114
or(UE_ID/N) mod Ns= Floor(1010/128) mod 1= Floor(7.890625) mod 1=7 mod 1= 0
11
From calcuation:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 … …. …. 4 … … 123 124 125 126 127 Ns=1
PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF I_S=0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PO
Connected Mode
 Handover
 Power Control (DL)
 Scheduling (DL)
Handover Procedure
Mobility Management Overview

Intra Frequency handover
Inter Frequency handover
Inter RAT handover
obility Management Overview
Handover Procedures Entities
mobility robust optimization

(MRO)
Measurement Triggering
Only voice
Handover Events
Key Concept
Target
Step Direction Message Cell
Memo
1 UE <---> SS < Power On and Registration > Cell 1

C Connection Reconfiguration is use to 2 UE <---> SS < Now UE is in IDLE mode > Cell 1
dify/establish/release RB/to perform 3 UE <--- SS Paging Cell 1
ndover, to setup/modify/release measurement
4 UE ---> SS RRC Connection Request Cell 1
5 UE <--- SS RRC Connection Setup Cell 1
6 UE ---> SS RRC Connection Setup Complete Cell 1
7 UE <--- SS Security Mode Command Cell 1
8 UE ---> SS Security Mode Complete Cell 1
Main IE: 9 UE <--- SS RRC Connection Reconfiguration Cell 1

reactivating default
EPS Bearer
Measurementconfiguration RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplet
10 UE ---> SS Cell 1
Mobilitycontrolinformation e
Measurement
Nas-DedicatedInformation 11 UE <--- SS RRC Connection Reconfiguration Cell 1 Control for Target
RadioResourceConfiguration Cell
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplet
Securityconfiguration 12 UE ---> SS
e
Cell 1
Ue-RelatedInformation 13 UE ---> SS Measurement Report Cell 1

Handover
14 UE <--- SS RRC Connection Reconfiguration Cell 1
Command
15 UE ---> SS PRACH Cell 2
16 UE <--- SS RACH Response Cell 2
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplet
17 UE ---> SS Cell 2 PASS/FAIL
e
18 UE <--- SS ueCapabilityEnquiry Cell 2
19 UE ---> SS ueCapabilityInformation Cell 2
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ulInformationTransfer 41
+ Detach Request Cell 2
Gap Mode (1/2)
A measurement gap is a time period during which Inter-RAT

the UE performs measurements on a neighboring
frequency of the serving frequency. Measurement
gaps are applicable to inter-frequency and inter-
RAT measurements. The UE performs inter-
frequency or inter-RAT measurements only within
the measurement gaps. One UE normally has only
one receiver, and consequently one UE can receive
the signals on only one frequency at a time.
When inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements
are triggered, the eNodeB delivers the
measurement gap configuration, and then the UE
starts gap-assisted measurements accordingly. As
shown above, Tperiod denotes the repetition
period of measurement gaps, and TGAP denotes
the gap width, within which the UE performsTask: Starting Position of the Gap, Gap length
measurements
GAP Mode (2/2)
Microsoft Office
Excel 97-2003 Worksheet
Intra-Frequency handover
ent A3 will be trigger for Intra-frequency handover.
Handover Procedure
A
LTE Vs WCDMA Jargon
RRC Connection Reconfiguration ==
Measurement Control
Measurement Report == Measurement
Report
B
RRC Connection Reconfiguration == Physical
Channel Reconfiguration or ActiveSetUpdate
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete ==
Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete
or ActiveSetUpdateComplete C

'mobilityControlInfo' tells UE about the
frequency of target cell and various
physical channel configuration and
RACH procedure information about the
target cell. In short, this IE
(information element) carries the most
of SIB2 information of target cell.
Connection Reconfiguration == Measurement Contro
Measurement report
RSRP=68-140=-72dbm
RSRQ=(32-40)/2=-4db
Data Forwarding
The data forwarding process is as follows: After the

source eNodeB sends a handover command to the
UE, the UE detaches the connection from the
source eNodeB. The source eNodeB then
forwards the uplink (UL) data that is received
out of order and the DL data to be
transmitted, to the target eNodeB.
Data forwarding prevents a decrease in the data
transfer ratio and an increase in the data transfer
delay that are caused by user data loss during the
handover.
Intra-eNodeB handovers do not require data
forwarding. In the case of inter-eNodeB handover,
the source eNodeB selects a data forwarding path
by using the X2/S1 adaptation mechanism.
RRC Re-establishment
When a handover fails, the UE performs a cell

selection procedure and then initiates a procedure
of RRC connection re-establishment towards the
selected cell. The eNodeB makes a decision based
on whether the context of the UE is present or not.
If the eNodeB accepts the re-establishment
request, the UE accesses the selected cell, thus
avoiding drop of the call caused by the handover
failure.
Inter-Frequency Measurement
Event A2 Triggering Algorithm
overage-based inter-frequency handover, event A2 triggers

frequency measurements. The triggering of this event
ates that the signal quality in the serving cell is lower
a specified threshold.
he measurement result of the serving cell

The hysteresis for event A2
h: The threshold for event A2, it can be
ed separately with RSRP or RSRQ
Event A1 Stop Algorithm
Ms: The measurement result of the serving cell
Hys: The hysteresis for event A1
Event A4 Handover Execution
Mn: The measurement result of the neighboring

cell.
Ofn: The frequency-specific offset for the frequency
of the neighboring cell.
Ocn: The cell-specific offset for the neighboring
cell.
Hys: The hysteresis for event A4
Thresh: The threshold for event A4
Inter-RAT Measurement
Measurement Trigger
Measurement Object
Handover Trigger  B1 Event
Mn: The measurement result of the neighboring

cell
Ofn: The frequency-specific offset for the
frequency of the neighboring cell
Hys: The hysteresis for event B1. The hysteresis
values for inter-RAT handovers to UTRAN,
LTE UMTS PS Handover Flow
Power Control
Classification of Power Control
Downlink Power Control Classification
The configured power must meet the requirements

for the downlink coverage of the cell
wer assignment
er assignment is applicable to the cell-specific
signal, synchronization signal, PBCH, PCFICH, and
H and PDSCH that carry common information of the
configure fixed power based on channel quality.
ured power must meet the requirements for the
overage of the cell.
power control
ower control is applicable to the PHICH and the
d PDSCH that carry dedicated information sent to
mic power control lowers interference, expands cell
and increases coverage while meeting users'
ements. However, these channels can also support
assignment, and in fact, this is our recommendation because the AMC function can also meet the requirement of QoS.
Cell Specific RS Power Setting
The cell-specific reference signal is transmitted in

all downlink subframes. The signal serves as a
basis for downlink channel estimation, which is
used for data demodulation.
The power for the cell-specific reference signal is

set through the ReferenceSignalPwr
parameter, which indicates the Energy Per
Resource Element (EPRE) of the cell-specific
reference signal.
Synchronization Signal Power Setting
The synchronization signal is used for cell search

and system synchronization. There are two types
of synchronization signals, the Primary
Synchronization Channel (P-SCH) and the
Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH).
The offset of the power for the P-SCH and S-SCH

against the power for the cell-specific reference
signal is set through the SchPwr parameter.
PBCH/PCFICH Power Setting
On the PBCH, broadcast messages are sent in each

frame. The messages carry the basic system
information of the cell, such as the cell bandwidth,
antenna configuration, and frame number.
The offset of the power for the PBCH against the

power for the cell-specific reference signal is set
through the PbchPwr parameter.
The PCFICH carries the number of OFDM symbols

used for PDCCH transmission in a subframe. The
PCFICH is always mapped to the first OFDM symbol
of each subframe.
The power for the PCFICH is set through the

PcfichPwr parameter, which indicates an offset of
the power for the PCFICH against the power for the
cell-specific reference signal.
PDCCH/PDSCH Power Setting
Dynamic Power Control - PHICH
Example
the transmit power for the PHICH is periodically

adjusted to adapt to change in path loss and
shadow shading according to the difference
between the estimated SINRRS and SINRTarget.
Dynamic Power Control - PDCCH
When PDCCH carry the following dedicate info,

power control should be performed to ensure the
receive reliability
Uplink scheduling information (DCI format 0)
Downlink scheduling information

(DCI format 1/1A/1B/2/2A)
PUSCH/PUCCH TPC commands

(DCI format 3/3A)
the transmit power for the PDCCH is periodically adjusted

according to the difference between the measured BLER and
BLERTarget. If the measured BLER is greater than BLERTarget,
transmit power is increased. Otherwise, transmit power is
decreased.
PDSCH Power Presentation 1/3
Power control for the PDSCH determines the EPREs
of different OFDM symbols
Regarding power control for the

PDSCH, the OFDM symbols on one
slot can be classified into two
types. Above table shows the
OFDM symbol indexes within a slot
where the ratio of the EPRE to the
EPRE of RS is denoted by ρA or ρB.
Pb Pa Comments
0 0{Log(1/1)} Re=Rs
1 -3 {Log(1/2)} 2Re=Rs
Microsoft Office
2 -4.77 3Re=Rs PowerPoint 97-2003 Prese
{Log(1/3)}
PDSCH Power Presentation
r 2/3
only AOFDMA symbol
=12*100=1200
wer is 40watt, so each RE will get 40/1200=1/30=33.33mWatt=15.22dBm
nsider BOFDMA symbol

e(AOFDMA symbol) , then power of Non-transmitting RS (due to MIMO) will be
with other REs, then each RE will get ¼ extra power, i.e.
+1/4 RS=5/4 RS
OFDMA) frame= 15.22dBm

BOFDMA) frame=33.33mWatt*5/4=41.666mWatt= 16.19dBm
=15.2dBm
Re(AOFDMA symbol), then power of Non-transmitting RS(due to MIMO) will be

transmitting Rs, So Rs=66.66mWatt=18.2dBm, in this case Re(AOFDMA)=Re(BOFDMA)
e(AOFDMA symbol), Rs=3*33.33=99.99mWatt=20dBm

MA symbol)=3/4Re(AOFDMA symbol)=3/4(33.333)=24.999mWatt=13.9dBm
PDSCH Power Presentation 3/3
　 PRS(dBm) PA(dB) PB
Recommendation 1 15.2 0 0
default value （ Huawei

suggestion ） 18.2 -3 1
recommendation 2 19.9 -4.77 2
recommendation3 21.2 -6 3
Parameter Configuration of PA/PB/PRS When the eNodeB receives a CQI reported by the
UE, it compares the reported CQI with the previous
CQI. If the difference between the two CQI values
is great, the process for re-calculating the PA for
the UE is started.
Scheduling
Scheduling
The eNodeB implements scheduling at the media access control (MAC) layer and provides time-
frequency resources for uplink and downlink through scheduling. On the premise of guaranteed
quality of service (QoS), scheduling aims to transmit data on the channel with better quality and
maximize system throughput by using different channel qualities among UEs.
Scheduling Policies
 Max C/I
 l Round robin (RR)
 l Proportional fair (PF)
 l Enhanced proportional fair (EPF)
Scheduling Policy Effect Factor Scheduling Priority Usage Scenario

Max C/I Channel quality The UE with better channel quality has a higher priority in To verify the maximum system
scheduling. throughput
RR None Each UE has equal opportunity to be scheduled. To verify the upper limit of
scheduling fairness
PF Service rate and channel quality The UE with a small ratio between the service rate and channel To verify the system throughput
quality has a higher priority in scheduling. and fairness
EPF Service rate, channel quality, and QoS Taking all the prior scheme into consideration In operating networks
requirement
Scheduling Scheme
 Semi Persistent
 Dynamic
Semi-Persistent Scheduling
Semi-persistent scheduling is introduced to reduce the overhead of control signaling. Semi-
persistent scheduling is a process where one user uses the same time-and-frequency resources in a
specified semi-persistent scheduling period (20 ms in Huawei eNodeB) until they are released.
Semi-persistent scheduling is mainly used for processing services with a constant rate, regular
packet arrival, and low delay requirements, such as the Voice over IP (VoIP). By adopting semi-
persistent scheduling, VoIP services can save the overhead of control signaling and increase the
VoIP capacity.
Dynamic Scheduling
In dynamic scheduling, scheduling is performed every Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of 1 ms and
all the UEs to be scheduled are notified with the scheduling information through control signaling
within this TTI. Dynamic scheduling has no requirements on the size and arrival time of data
DL Scheduler
Downlink scheduling allocates time-and-frequency
resources at the Physical Downlink Shared Channel
(PDSCH) for transmission of system messages and
downlink data. Downlink scheduling described in
this chapter is based on the EPF scheduling
strategy.
Downlink scheduling calculates available

scheduling resources based on the current
remaining power. In addition, the scheduling
priority and Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)
are determined based on the amount of data at
the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, QoS
requirements of bearers, and UE channel quality. In
downlink scheduling, the UE channel quality
information is obtained through the CQIs reported
by the UE. The prioritization and MCS selection of
scheduling depend on the CQI information.
Therefore, if reported CQIs cannot properly reflect
the actual channel conditions, the downlink
resource efficiency is
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DL Scheduling
VoIP service
The VoIP service experiencing semi-persistent scheduling has
the highest priority. Semi-persistent scheduling is used in the
talk spurts of the VoIP services.
Control-plane data and IMS signaling

Control-plane data consists of common control messages and
UE-level control messages. Common control messages consist
of broadcast messages, paging messages, and random access
response messages. UE-level control messages consist of
Signaling Radio Bearer 0 (SRB0), SRB1, and SRB2.
The scheduling of IMS signaling is the same as that of UE-level
control messages.
HARQ retransmission data
Other initial transmission services

Other initial transmission services refer to the initial
transmission services of other QCIs excluding VoIP services and
IMS signaling.
VOIP
Control-Plane Data and IMS Signaling
The scheduling priority of control-plane data is only lower than that of VoIP services. Control-
plane data is subject to dynamic scheduling. Control-plane data consists of common control
messages and UE-level control messages. The scheduling of IMS signaling is the same as that
of UE-level control messages. Handover and Power control is also UE-Level Control messages.
HAQR Retransmission Data
The HARQ retransmission (both urgent and non

urgent) with longer waiting time has a higher
scheduling priority. If all the retransmissions have
the same waiting time, a retransmission is
randomly selected.
Total Process of Other Services Prioritization
*UEs that experience semi-persistent scheduling in the current
TTI
*UEs that experience HARQ retransmission scheduling in the
current TTI
*UEs that run out of HARQ process numbers
*UEs that enter the measurement gap
*UEs that enter the DRX dormant period
Rate*UEs
of non-GBR service
that stay out of>synchronization
Min_GBR (DLMINGBR)
and have failed radio links
Within Time T:
Rate of GBR service > T*{Maximum number of DL-SCH
transport block bits received within a TTI}
Prioritization of Remaining Services
oritization of Non-GBR Service
CQI
The service with higher spectral efficiency of the corresponding
wideband CQI has a higher priority.
Average rate of non-GBR services

The non-GBR service with a larger average rate has a lower priority.
UE differentiation factor
The UE differentiation factor reflects the priority of UEs of different
levels. The UE with a higher level set by operators has a higher
priority in scheduling.
Weight factor {Service Type(Bit Torrent Vs Non-Bit Torrent)

And/Or QCI}
Weight factors in downlink scheduling are classified into QCI class
weight factors and service type-based weight factors. Huawei eNodeB
can distinguish between Bit Torrent (BT) and non-BT services using a
switch under the DlSchSwitch parameter.
Larger weight factor leads to higher
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Prioritization of GBR
oritization of GBR Service
Channel quality
The instantaneous channel quality of the UE is taken into account.
The UE with better instantaneous channel quality has a higher
priority. In the case of the same channel quality, the GBR service
with QCI of 1 has a higher priority than other GBR services.
Delay
The closer the waiting time of the first packet in the buffer is to
the Packet Delay Budget (PDB), the higher the priority is. The PDB
value depends on the QCI.
Relative priority
The prioritization of GBR services is different from that of non-GBR
services. This factor is added to compare the priority of GBR
services with that of non-GBR services.
MCS Selection & Resource Allocation
CQI  ITBS RBs  IMCS
Calculation of Throughput based on MCS
 If you know the MCS index, you can calculate the throughput for that specific MCS index as follows:
 Calculation Procedure for downlink(PDSCH) is as follows :
 i) refer to TS36.213 Table 7.1.7.1-1
 ii) get I_TBS for using MCS value (ex, I_TBS is 21 if MCS is 23)
 iii) refer to TS36.213 Table7.1.7.2.1
 iv) go to column header indicating the number of RB Microsoft Office
 v) go to row header ‘21’ which is I_TBS Excel 97-2003 Worksheet
 vi) you would get 51024 (if the number of RB is 100 and I_TBS is 21)
 vii) (This is Transfer Block Size per 1 ms for one Antenna)
 If we use 2 antenna, it is 51024 bits * 2 Antenna * 1000 ms = about 100 Mbps
 Calculation Procedure for uplink(PUSCH) is as follows :
 Same as the downlink as above except that you have to refer to 36.213 Table 8.6.1-1 at step i)
 Uplink Analysis Parameter Calculation
CQI Adjustment
The CQI report period is far greater than the

scheduling period, which leads to deviation
between the CQI at the reported time and CQI in
scheduling. Therefore, the CQI adjustment
algorithm, based on the ACKs and NACKs to initial
transmissions, should check the deviation between
the reported CQI and the actual channel quality
and provides an adjusted CQI for scheduling.
The UE is scheduled according to the reported CQI,

and the IBLER target value of the UE is 10%. In
actual system, however, the IBLER target value
may reach 20% to maximize system capacity. In
this case, the CQI reported by the UE fails to reflect
iAdjAlgoSwitch the actual channel quality because the IBLER
If this switch is set to On, the CQI adjustment algorithm is enabled.
target value ofInthe
theUE
case, the eNodeBwith
is inconsistent would
that of
adjust the UE-reported CQI based on the IBLER. If thistheswitch is set to Off, the CQI adjustment algorithm
eNodeB.
is disabled. In this case, the eNodeB would not adjust the UE-reported CQI based on the IBLER.
SON
1-Automatic Neighbor Relation

2- ICIC
3-MRO
Automatic Neighbor Relation
self-optimization function. It automatically maintains the integrity and effectiveness of neighbor cell lists (N
handover success rates and improve network performance. In addition, ANR does not require manual interv
duces the costs of network planning and optimization.
Neighbor relations are classified into normal and abnormal neighbor relations. Abnormal neighbor
relations exist in the cases of missing neighboring cells, unstable neighbor relations, PCI
collisions, and abnormal neighboring cell coverage. ANR automatically detects missing
neighboring cells, PCI collisions, and abnormal neighboring cell coverage and maintains neighbor
relations.
ANR classifications
Concepts Related to ANR
-NCL (Neighbor Cell List)
-NRT (Neighbor Relation
Table)
-TempNRT (Temporary NRT)
-BlackList
-HO Black List
-X2 Black List
-WhiteList
-HO White List
-X2 White List
-PCI Collision
-Abnormal Neighbor Cell
coverage
NCL
 An NCL of a cell contains the information about the neighboring cells of a cell. Unless
otherwise stated, neighboring cells mentioned in this document exclude intra-eNodeB
neighboring cells. NCLs are classified into intra-RAT NCLs and inter-RAT NCLs. Each cell
has one intra-RAT NCL and multiple inter-RAT NCLs.
 An NCL includes the ECGIs (for E-UTRAN cells) or CGIs (for inter-RAT cells), PCI
s, and EARFCNs of the neighboring cells.
 The eNodeB adds newly detected neighboring cells to the NCL. The NCL is used as a ba
sis for creating neighbor relations. Neighboring cells in the NCL can be automatically
managed (for example, added, deleted, or modified) by ANR. They can also be manage
d manually.
of a cell contains the information about the neighbor relations between a cell and its neighboring
classified into intra-RAT NRTs and inter-RAT NRTs. Each cell has one intra-RAT intra-frequency NR
a-RAT inter-frequency NRT, and multiple inter-RAT NRTs. The intra-RAT intra-frequency NRT and in
quency NRT are referred to as the intra-RAT NRT in this document.
n example of the NRT. The information in this table is for reference only.
1 An example of the NRT
SN LCI Local Cell PLMN TCI No Remove No HO
1 LCI#1 46001 TCI#1 TRUE TRUE
2 LCI#1 46001 TCI#2 FALSE FALSE
3 LCI#1 46001 TCI#3 TRUE TRUE
TempNRT
A TempNRT is a temporary NRT. It has the same data

structure as the NRT. Each cell has an intra-RAT intra-
frequency TempNRT and an intra-RAT inter-frequency
TempNRT but does not have an inter-RAT TempNRT. The
Intra-RAT intra-frequency TempNRT and intra-RAT intra-
frequency TempNRT are referred to as the intra-RAT
TempNRT in this document. After detecting a new intra-
RAT neighbor relation, the eNodeB adds it to the intra-
RAT TempNRT. Then, the eNodeB regularly maintains
the neighbor relation in the TempNRT. If the new
neighbor relation is normal, the eNodeB adds it to the
Blacklist
HO Blacklist
An HO blacklist contains the information about neighbor
relations that cannot be used for a handover or removed
automatically from the NRT by ANR. The neighbor
relations in the HO blacklist must meet the following
conditions:
NO Remove = TRUE
NO HO = TRUE
A neighbor relation can be added to the HO blacklist
manually.
X2 Blacklist
Whitelist
HO Whitelist
An HO whitelist [1] contains the information about
neighbor relations that can be used for a handover but
cannot be removed automatically from the NRT by ANR.
The neighbor relations in the HO whitelist must meet the
following conditions:
NO Remove = TRUE
NO HO = FALSE
A neighbor relation can be added to the HO whitelist
manually.
PCI
A PCI is the identifier of a physical cell. A maximum of 504
PCIs are supported, according to reference document.
Therefore, PCI collisions occur inevitably. PCI collisions
negatively affect handover performance and the handover
success rate. For details about PCI collision handling,
The PCI of an E-UTRAN cell corresponds to:

The primary scrambling code (PSC) of a UTRAN FDD cell
The cell ID of a UTRAN TDD cell
The base transceiver station identity code (BSIC) of a
GSM/EDGE radio access network (GERAN) cell
The pseudo number (PN) offset of a CDMA cell
e (also called cross-cell coverage) refers to the coverage of a
ted by a UE in the serving cell. The eNodeB regards this cell
to add the neighbor relation to the NRT,. The signals of an a
he success rate of handovers to this cell is low. The coverage
enarios:
nges because of improper installation or a natural phenome
mbrella cell cover lower cells.
Classification of ANR
 Intra-RAT ANR
 Intra-RAT Fast ANR
 Inter-RAT ANR
 Inter-RAT Fast ANR
Intra-RAT ANR
1. The source eNodeB delivers the intra/inter-frequency
measurement configuration to the UE and requests the UE to
measure intra-frequency neighboring cells that meet the
measurement configuration. Source Neighbor
2. The UE detects that the PCI of cell B meets the measurement
configuration and reports it to the source eNodeB. Then, the source
eNodeB checks whether the intra/inter-RAT NCL of cell A includes
the PCI of cell B. If yes, the procedure ends. If no, the following steps
continue.
3. The source eNodeB instructs the UE, using the newly

discovered PCI as a parameter, to read the ECGI, Tracking Area Code
(TAC), and PLMN ID list of cell B.
4. The source eNodeB schedules appropriate idle periods to allow

the UE to read the ECGI, TAC, and PLMN ID list of cell B over the
broadcast channel (BCH).
5. The UE reports the detected ECGI, TAC, and PLMN ID list of cell
B to the source eNodeB.
The source eNodeB adds the newly detected neighboring cell of cell B to the
Intra-RAT Fast ANR
Before a UE performs handovers, the eNodeB can obtain the information about all neighboring cells
with the signal quality reaching or exceeding certain RSRP (it is specified by the FastAnrRsrpThd
parameter) based on the reporting of periodic UE measurements. This reduces the impact of event-
triggered UE measurements on handover performance when the UE performs handovers.
Inter-RAT ANR
1. The source eNodeB delivers the inter-RAT measurement
configuration (including target RATs and EARFCNs) to the UE,
activates the measurement gap mode, and instructs the UE to
measure the neighboring cells that meet the measurement
configuration.
2. The UE detects that the PCI of cell B meets the
measurement configuration and reports it to cell A. If the
source eNodeB detects that its NCL does not include the PCI
of cell B, it proceeds to the following step.
3. The source eNodeB instructs the UE, using the newly

discovered PCI as a parameter, to read other parameters of
cell B, such
4. The as CGI.
source eNodeB schedules appropriate measurement gaps to
allow the UE to read the CGI and other parameters of cell B over the
BCH.
5. The UE reports the source eNodeB the CGI and other parameters of
cell B.
The source eNodeB adds the newly detected neighboring cell to its
inter-RAT NCL and adds the neighbor relation to the inter-RAT NRT.
Inter-RAT Fast ANR
After inter-RAT fast ANR is activated, the eNodeB delivers the inter-RAT measurement configuration to
the UE and instructs the UE to detect neighboring GERAN, UTRAN, and CDMA cells by using periodic
measurements.
The principles of inter-RAT fast ANR are the same as those of intra-RAT fast ANR
PCI Collision Handling
A PCI collision occurs if two cells in an NCL have the same

PCI but different ECGIs. PCI collisions may be caused by
improper network planning or abnormal neighboring cell
coverage (also known as cross-cell coverage). If two intra-
frequency neighboring cells have the same PCI,
interference will be caused.
When a PCI collision occurs, the eNodeB cannot determine
PCI reallocation is a process of allocating a new PCI to a cell whose PCI collides with the PCI of
another cell. This aims to eliminate PCI collisions.
the target
If Optimization cell
Analysis for a
Mode is handover. This deteriorates
set to Immediate or Scheduled, the
the M2000 triggers
reallocation in the mode specified by the value of Optimization Analysis Mode. The M2000 also
PCI
handover
provides performance
suggestions and
on PCI reallocation upon reduces
receiving the alarm.
a PCI collision handover success
rate. Therefore, eliminating PCI collisions is an important
issue in network optimization.
After a PCI collision is eliminated, the PCI is unique in the
ICIC
Overview ICIC
ICIC
All physical resource blocks (PRBs) occupied by user
equipment (UEs) in a cell are mutually orthogonal in the
frequency domain; therefore, intra-cell interference is
very low. However, inter-cell interference is relatively DL UL
high because the frequency reuse factor is 1, in which
case every cell can provide services over the entire
system band. For cell edge users (CEUs), the impact of Static Dynamic Static Dynamic
the inter-cell interference is especially severe. Therefore,
to increase the cell capacity and CEU throughput, inter-
cell interference must be mitigated.
ICIC is a technology that collaborates with power control and media access control (MAC)
scheduling technologies to mitigate inter-cell interference. ICIC divides the entire system band
into three frequency bands and uses different frequency bands at the edge of neighboring cells.
CEUs, which cause high interference or may be sensitive to interference, are preferentially
scheduled in the cell edge bands to mitigate inter-cell interference. The interference mitigation
enhances the network coverage and improves the CEU throughput
Technical Principles of ICIC
Key Concept:
A3 Event for ICIC
CEU/CCU
Power Control
MAC Scheduling
The relationships between the key techniques are

described as follows:
i) CEU/CCU identification is a technique of
identifying the UE type (CEU or CCU) based on
event A3.
ii) Edge band mode assignment is a technique of
allocating different edge bands to neighboring
cells. Edge band adjustment is a technique of
expanding or shrinking the edge band of a cell
based on inter-cell interference and the cell load.
Edge band mode assignment and edge band
adjustment collaborate to determine the edge
band of each cell.
iii) Power control and MAC scheduling collaborate
to allocate PRBs to UEs based on cell edge bands
and UE types. PRBs in edge bands are mainly
HUAWEI
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CEU/CCU Identification
Principles
When initially accessing a network, a UE is recognized as
a CCU by the serving cell; after a handover, the UE is
recognized as a CEU by the target cell. After a short period
following the initial access or handover,
eNodeBs identify CEUs and CCUs based on ICIC event A3 as
the eNodeB starts
to use event A3 for ICIC (referred to as ICIC event A3 in
follows:
i) If an ICIC event A3 report contains the measurement result
thisabout
only document) toa UE,
the serving cell of determine whether
the eNodeB treats the UE as the UEs are CEUs or
a CCU. An example of this is when the UE moves from the cell
CCUs.
edge to the cell center.
ii) If an ICIC event A3 report contains the measurement result
about at least one neighboring cell, the eNodeB treats the UE as
a CEU.
ICIC Event A3 Based on RSRP Measurement
Entering Condition for ICIC Event A3
Leaving Condition for ICIC Event A3
More Parameter of ICIC Event A3
Edge Band Mode Assignment
Edge band mode assignment is a technique of
allocating different edge bands to neighboring
cells. There are three edge band
modes: MODE1, MODE2, and MODE3, which
represent low-, medium-, and high-frequency
bands, respectively. The bandwidth of each band is
about 1/3 of the physical downlink shared channel
(PDSCH) or physical uplink shared channel
(PUSCH) bandwidth. The PRBs available to CEUs in
a cell using a specific edge band mode correlate
with the ICIC policy and system bandwidth. The
policy can be either dynamic ICIC or static ICIC.
If there are three cells per eNodeB, as shown in
Figure , neighboring cells use different edge band
modes so that CEUs in the cells are served by
different frequency bands in the system band.
Theoretically, the use of three edge band modes
can eliminate inter-cell interference in the
frequency domain.
Edge Band Adjustment (Only in Dynamic ICIC)
There are two ICIC policies: static ICIC and dynamic ICIC.
The difference between them is that only dynamic ICIC
adjusts edge bands.
i) Edge band expansion condition

The current cell expands its edge band if its edge band is
heavily loaded
ii) Edge band shrinking while the edge bands in its neighboring
condition
cells are lightly loaded. Figure is used as an example to
− Active shrinking: The current cell actively shrinks
its edge band if its edge load is relatively low.
describe
− Passive edge
shrinking: Whenload evaluation:
the neighboring cell Yellow grids for the current
expands its actual edge band within the edge band
cell represent
defined in static ICIC, the the
currentPRBs defined
cell shrinks its in static ICIC, and green
edge band if the PRBs used by the current and
grids
neighboringwith Y denote
cells collide. Figure the
shows PRBs that CEUs in the current cell
an example
actually use beyond the edge band defined in static ICIC.
of passive shrinking.
In this situation, the current cell determines that the

Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO)
 Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO) is a feature that is applicable to the Self-Orga

nizing Network (SON). It enables automatic optimization of handover-related paramet
er settings. Through handover scenario identification and handover measurements in
the scenarios, the MRO feature optimizes the handover-related parameter settings bas
ed on the measurement results.
 MRO is aimed at minimizing handover failures, service drops, and undesirable handov
ers such as premature handovers, delayed handovers, and ping-pong handovers. It he
lps resolve problems such as deteriorated user experience and avoids a waste of netw
ork resources caused by incorrect parameter settings.
Overview of MRO
 1. Handover scenario identification
The characteristics of abnormal handovers are analyzed, and the scenarios for premature handover
s, delayed handovers, and ping-pong handovers are defined. During a handover, the MRO feature id
entifies the handover scenario.
 2. Handover scenario handling
Within an MRO period, the eNodeB measures the number of abnormal handovers that are identifie
d in the handover scenario identification process. When an MRO period arrives, the eNodeB determ
ines how to modify the parameters based on the number of abnormal handovers and the threshold
for the number of abnormal handovers.
 3. Result monitoring
After the parameters are modified, the handover-related counters are monitored. If the handover p
erformance improves, the parameter settings are not rolled back during the next MRO period. If the
handover performance deteriorates, the parameter settings are rolled back during the next MRO pe
riod.
Intra-RAT MRO
 Intra-Radio Access Technology (RAT) MRO is a process in which the LTE parameters related to intra-fre
quency or inter-frequency handover are optimized. An intra-frequency handover is triggered by event
A3, and an inter-frequency handover is triggered by events A2 and A4. Therefore, the parameters to b
e changed are the Cell Individual Offset (CIO) for event A3, CIO for event A4, and threshold for event
A2
 Scenario: premature, delayed, or ping-pong handover
Premature Handover
 Scenario 1: After receiving a handover command, a UE experiences a radio link failure (RLF) during
the handover to the target cell. Then, the UE is handed over back to the source cell or other cells du
ring radio resource control (RRC) connection reestablishment. This indicates that the UE was mistak
enly handed over to the target cell because the signal quality of the source cell was still satisfactory
for the UE or the handover conditions were easily met in the target cell.
 Scenario 2: After receiving a handover command, a UE camps on the target cell for a short period b
efore an RLF occurs. When the RLF occurs, the RRC connection is reestablishment in the source cell
or other cells for the UE. This indicates that the UE was mistakenly handed over to the target cell be
cause the signal quality of the target cell fluctuated significantly or the handover conditions were ea
sily met in the target cell.
 The number of premature handovers increases by one for the corresponding neighboring cell pair i
n the neighbor relation table (NRT) in either of the scenarios.
ameter: Lower CIO for Event

Delayed Handover
A delayed handover is a process in which an RLF occurs in

the source cell and the RRC connection is reestablished in
a non-source cell before the UE receives a handover
command. In a delayed handover, the UE moves out of
the source cell.
Handovers in the LTE system are classified into intra-

frequency and inter-frequency handovers. An intra-
frequency handover is triggered by event A3, and an inter-
frequency handover is triggered by events A2 and A4.
Event
ameter: A2 determines
Increase CIO for Event whether to deliver inter-frequency
measurement reports. If the parameters related to event
Ping-Pong Handover
shows the ping-pong handover decision. When the ping-

pong handover decision is performed, period 2 is
compared with the threshold for the ping-pong handover
period. If the value of period 2 is smaller than the value of
the threshold PingpongTimeThd, a ping-pong handover
occurs. A ping-pong handover indicates that cell B has
poorer signal quality than cell A and therefore is not
qualified as the target cell for the handover.
arameter : decrease CIO for both cells
Thank you
www.huawei.com
Copyright©2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements
regarding the future financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number
of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the
predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose only and constitutes neither an
offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.

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LTE Radio Interface Procedures

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

DD LTE system 10M, 2 * 2 MIMO, 64QAM, the Coding rate is 1.

D LTE system 10M, None MIMO, 16QAM, the Coding rate is 1.

FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL – NOffs-DL) 17

FDL (center Freq) = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL (EARFCN) – NOffs-DL)

NDL (EARFCN)= 10*(FDL (center Freq) - FDL_low ) + NOffs-DL

Say FDL (center Freq) = 1815

It is worth noting that the position of the

information is in PDCCH frame.

mber of RE for PDCCH=100(RB for 100Mhz)*12(SC)*3

bits required by each user for scheduling= 17

A PLMN identity consists of a Mobile Country Code

When a UE is powered on or recovers from lack of

 where Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) - Pcompensation

 Cell reselection process:

 Srxlev > SintraSearch,

 Srxlev <= SintraSearch,

 For the neighbor with Low or equal priority

 In “ reselection time”, “Sxlev” of a neighbor is higher than “ ThreshXHigh”

 No cell on a higher priority frequency meets the criteria

SIB9 Name of the home eNodeB

SIB1 is mandatory SIB and send in DL-SCH

 A UE informs the EPC of its Tracking area in 2 ways.

 TA update are performed in the following situations:

DefaultPagingCycle (T), DRX Cycle Coefficient.

Paging Parameters in SIB2

Example SFN mod T = (T div N) x (UE_ID mod N)

Mobility Management Overview

mobility robust optimization

1 UE <---> SS < Power On and Registration > Cell 1

Main IE: 9 UE <--- SS RRC Connection Reconfiguration Cell 1

Ue-RelatedInformation 13 UE ---> SS Measurement Report Cell 1

A measurement gap is a time period during which Inter-RAT

ent A3 will be trigger for Intra-frequency handover.

The data forwarding process is as follows: After the

When a handover fails, the UE performs a cell

overage-based inter-frequency handover, event A2 triggers

he measurement result of the serving cell

Ms: The measurement result of the serving cell

Hys: The hysteresis for event A1

Mn: The measurement result of the neighboring

Mn: The measurement result of the neighboring

The configured power must meet the requirements

The cell-specific reference signal is transmitted in

The power for the cell-specific reference signal is

The synchronization signal is used for cell search

The offset of the power for the P-SCH and S-SCH

On the PBCH, broadcast messages are sent in each

The offset of the power for the PBCH against the

The PCFICH carries the number of OFDM symbols

The power for the PCFICH is set through the

the transmit power for the PHICH is periodically

When PDCCH carry the following dedicate info,

Uplink scheduling information (DCI format 0)

Downlink scheduling information

PUSCH/PUCCH TPC commands

the transmit power for the PDCCH is periodically adjusted

Regarding power control for the

2 -4.77 3Re=Rs PowerPoint 97-2003 Prese

nsider BOFDMA symbol

OFDMA) frame= 15.22dBm

mber of RE for PDCCH=100(RB for 100Mhz)12(SC)3