Research Paper

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

8(4): 789-796, July-August (2017)
ISSN: 0976-1675 https:// www.rjas.org DI: 4262-1302-2017-182

Characterization of Brinjal Genotypes for Growth, Yield and Morphological

Traits
Arindam Das, Manas Kumar Pandit, *Saheb Pal, *K Muthaiah and Santanu Layek
Department of Vegetable Crops,
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur - 741 252, West Bengal, India
*Division of Vegetable Crops, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru - 560 089, Karnataka, India
e-mail: arindamdasis01@gmail.com

Received: 13 February 2017; Revised accepted: 18 May 2017

ABSTRACT
For maintaining a healthy germplasm and improvement of any crop, a country needs to document or characterize
the existing local genotypes, landraces, cultivars or farmers’ variety. With these objectives, the present
investigation is carried out to evaluate and characterize twenty one brinjal genotypes during two consecutive
autumn-winter season of 2014-2016. A total of forty seven characters viz. growth, yield and morphological, were
studied and significant variation observed among the genotypes collected across the country. This variation may
be due to the effect of genotype, environment or their interaction. A randomized block design with three
replication has been used for this experiment. Mean data pooled over the years has been furnished and
statistically analyzed for all the characters except number of fruits per plant, weight of fruits, number of seeds per
fruit, yield per plant and yield per hectare. Though genotype BCB-27 followed by BCB-8, is the highest yielder/plant
for two seasons, BCB-8 is superior to any other genotypes in total fruiting period, fruit length and number of fruits
per plant.

Key words: Brinjal, Characterization, Growth, Yield, Morphological, Traits

B rinjal, eggplant or aubergine (Solanum melongena

L.) is the most popular and widely cultivated warm
season vegetable crop in the central, southern and south-east
Asia and in some African countries. De Candolle (1886)
regarded brinjal as the native of Asia and the crop is
extremely variable in India; Vavilov (1928) regarded the
crop as being of Indian origin. India is the one of the largest
brinjal producing countries in the world covering an area of
0.71 million hectares with a production of 13.56 million
tonnes (NHB 2015). Main use of brinjal in India is as
cooked vegetable or mixed with other vegetables in fish
curry, sambhar, mashed, fried, grilled and stuffed with
spices and then fried (varta). Brinjal fruits are fairly good
source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins mainly B
group. But local germplasms of brinjal are degrading, which
needs serious attention for its conservation (Sharma et al.
2016). There is ample scope for this vast resource to be
identified and improved. The seeds of different varieties or
cultivars of brinjal in our country are readily available and
cheap and could be preserved by the farmers themselves
thus reducing their cost of production. Many local varieties
or cultivars are well known among the farmers but their
improvement is still needed. Being the centre of origin,
India is the place of great genetic variation and vast diversity
of brinjal with regard to vegetative and fruit morphology,
yield and yield components. So, keeping in view the vast
opportunity for improvement of brinjal local genotypes we
conducted this research programme with the objective to
characterize brinjal genotypes with respect to vegetative,
morphological and yield attributing features.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present experiment was conducted during autumn-
winter seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. The field
experiment was carried out at the AB Seed Farm of Bidhan
Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani Simanta, Nadia,
West Bengal. The farm is situated at 23⁰ N latitude and
89⁰ E longitude with an average altitude of 9.75m above
mean sea level. Average temperature and relative humidity
of first year were 25.3°C and 72.94% and in second year it
was 25.7°C and 76.44%. Twenty one brinjal genotypes
including hybrids, local and open pollinated cultivars were
used for this experiment and their name is mentioned in
(Table 1). The present investigation was carried out in a
randomized block design with three replications. Plot size is
3m × 2.5m. The spacing followed was 75 × 75 cm and 12

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 Das et al. 2017 Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8(4)
plants were maintained for each genotype in each yield per plant and yield per hectare. Mean sum of square is
replication. calculated for both the years and the higher value has been
divided by the lower one. If this value (Fcal) remains lower
Table 1 Name and source of the genotypes than the F tab value, it indicates sufficient homogeinity
Symbol Name Source between two seasons and the pool data have been furnished.
BCB- 1 Sada local Banamalipara, Nadia, West Bengal If Fcal > Ftab, then there is significant difference between
BCB- 2 Makra Kanthaltala, Nadia, West Bengal the seasons and the data of two different years have been
BCB- 3 Makra mid-long Madanpur, Nadia, West Bengal furnished separately.
BCB- 4 Daab begun Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal
BCB- 5 Thubi Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal
BCB- 6 Bhangar Ghoragacha, Nadia, West Bengal RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
BCB- 7 Gola Chakdaha, Nadia, West Bengal Growth characters
BCB- 8 Hajari Tekkali, Andhra Pradesh Plant height: The analyzed data on plant height at first
BCB- 9 Debgiri Barasat, North 24 Parganas, W.B. flower opening revealed that the genotype, BCB-16
BCB- 10 Simanta Bhootta bazaar, Kalyani, Nadia, W.B. produced the maximum plant height (108.49cm). The
BCB- 11 Sada lamba Bangaon, N-24 Pgs, West Bengal second highest was BCB-10 (74.80cm) and was
BCB- 12 Kranti New Delhi significantly lower than BCB-16. The genotype BCB-1
BCB- 13 Anubhav New Delhi
BCB- 14 Tara New Delhi
recorded the minimum plant height (41.47cm) followed by
BCB- 15 Purushottom Raipur, Chattishgarh BCB-12 (43.70cm), BCB-21 (44.69cm) and BCB-22
BCB- 16 Purple round New Delhi (46.20cm). BCB-1 is significantly different with BCB-22
BCB- 17 Kooli Balagarh, Hooghly, West Bengal but not with others. Similar trend was also noted by Kumar
BCB- 18 Utkal Bhubeneswar, Odissa et al. (2011), Ahmed et al. (2014).
BCB- 21 Jhuri Basantapur, Nadia, West Bengal
BCB- 22 Makra mid Haringhata, Nadia, West Bengal Plant circumference: There was significant difference in the
BCB- 27 Kalyani Kalyani market, West Bengal plant circumference of different genotypes. The maximum
(285.69 cm) was recorded in BCB-16. BCB-10 (276.25cm)
Randomly five plants were taken for recording was in 2nd position followed by BCB-7 (273.45cm) and
observations in each replication per genotype. Fertilizers BCB-3 (268.96cm). The genotype BCB-1 produced the
are applied as per the University recommendation. Mean minimum plant circumference (163.47cm) followed by
data pooled over the years has been furnished and BCB-22 (167.46cm) and BCB-21 (167.70 cm) and they,
statistically analyzed for all the characters except number of however, had no significance difference. Kumar et al.
fruits per plant, weight of fruits, number of seeds per fruit, (2011) noted lesser plant circumference of 69.43-106.47 cm.

Table 2 Growth characters of brinjal genotypes

Plant Plant Number of Thickness of
Leaf Blade Leaf blade Petiole Plant spread Plant spread E-
Genotype height circumference primary terminal shoots
length (cm) width (cm) length (cm) N-S (cm) W (cm)
(cm) (cm) branches (cm)
BCB-1 41.47 163.47 4.02 2.08 10.40 7.95 1.47 70.52 71.75
BCB-2 59.84 240.32 2.97 2.21 17.39 12.95 4.50 103.04 88.11
BCB-3 55.94 268.96 4.02 1.94 14.56 11.36 4.58 81.67 104.75
BCB-4 63.58 185.54 2.89 2.44 19.88 14.38 4.32 65.02 73.46
BCB-5 60.98 199.86 2.81 2.17 12.59 8.66 3.25 110.30 92.31
BCB-6 52.35 223.70 3.70 2.14 13.90 10.26 4.26 96.98 103.16
BCB-7 62.62 273.45 3.61 2.31 15.17 10.61 5.34 87.70 88.34
BCB-8 56.11 228.08 4.29 1.89 17.65 11.36 5.57 96.20 96.39
BCB-9 59.10 224.32 3.64 2.23 15.28 10.63 5.50 76.37 111.98
BCB-10 74.80 276.25 4.45 2.37 15.09 11.39 4.83 111.40 120.71
BCB-11 64.14 256.25 6.34 2.23 16.95 12.31 4.35 121.63 116.71
BCB-12 43.70 198.78 6.07 2.09 7.96 5.17 2.34 76.23 74.41
BCB-13 69.65 241.69 4.02 2.28 14.12 11.96 4.06 114.09 92.37
BCB-14 60.13 229.20 3.62 2.08 14.50 10.43 4.85 111.41 98.26
BCB-15 58.70 193.48 5.26 2.04 15.10 11.27 3.66 101.29 78.64
BCB-16 108.49 285.69 4.07 2.22 19.74 12.75 3.84 82.46 108.11
BCB-17 66.08 233.50 4.28 2.06 16.37 10.24 3.90 102.74 106.61
BCB-18 64.70 217.38 3.53 1.99 8.80 5.81 2.51 77.07 66.70
BCB-21 44.69 167.70 3.39 1.89 11.20 7.81 2.96 73.18 79.28
BCB-22 46.20 167.46 6.57 1.94 12.45 7.94 3.94 71.91 70.87
BCB-27 59.26 215.21 6.78 2.05 14.47 8.25 3.90 100.41 101.12
SEm(±) 1.49 4.95 0.26 0.05 0.46 0.41 0.18 3.54 3.82
CD(0.05) 4.17 13.86 0.71 0.14 1.29 1.16 0.49 9.91 10.69

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 Brinjal Genotypes for Growth, Yield and Morphological Traits
Number of primary branches: Number of primary branches
are the highest in BCB-27 (6.78) followed by BCB-22
(6.57), BCB-11 (6.34) and BCB-12 (6.07). The lowest
number of primary branches were found in case of BCB-5
(2.1) followed by BCB-4 (2.86) and BCB-2 (2.97). In both
the cases they were, however, statistically at par. Such
similar range of primary branches per plant has also been
reported by Ahmed et al. (2014), Sanas et al. (2014).
Thickness of the terminal shoot: Maximum shoot tip
circumference or thickness of the terminal shoot was
recorded in BCB-4 (2.44cm) followed by BCB-10 (2.37cm)
and BCB-7(2.31cm). The least circumference (1.89cm) was
observed in both BCB-8 and BCB-21 followed by BCB-3
(1.94 cm) and BCB-22 (1.94 cm). For both the cases they
were, however, statistically at par.
Leaf blade length and width: BCB-4 recorded the maximum
leaf blade length (19.88cm) followed by BCB-16 (19.74cm).
The minimum leaf blade length was observed in BCB-12
(7.96cm) followed by BCB-18 (8.80cm) and there is no
significant difference between those genotypes for both the
cases. It was evident from (Table 2) that BCB-4 showed the
maximum leaf blade width (14.38cm) followed by BCB-2
(12.95cm), BCB-16 (12.75cm) and BCB-11 (12.31cm).
BCB-4 is significantly different from others but BCB-2,
BCB-16 and BCB-11 are statistically at par. The minimum
leaf blade width was observed in BCB-12 (5.166cm)
followed by BCB-18 (5.81cm) and BCB-21 (7.81cm). BCB-
12 is significantly different from BCB-21 but not from
BCB-18. But Begum et al. (2013) reported smaller leaf
length and width in Bangladesh.
Petiole length: The analyzed data of petiole length revealed
that the highest length was observed in the genotype of
BCB-8 (5.57cm) followed by BCB-9 (5.50cm) and they
were, however, statistically at par. The lowest was reported
in BCB-1 (1.47cm) followed by BCB-12 (2.34cm), BCB-18
(2.51cm) and BCB-21 (2.96cm).
Plant spread (North-South/East-West): In North-South
direction the maximum plant spread was observed in BCB-
11 (121.63cm) followed by BCB-13 (114.10cm), BCB-14
(111.41cm) and BCB-10 (111.40cm). In this case, BCB-11
is significantly different from BCB-10 but not with the
others. BCB-4 showed the minimum (65.02cm) plant spread
in North-South direction followed by BCB-1 (70.52cm),
BCB-22 (71.91cm) and BCB-21 (73.18cm). In East-West
direction the maximum plant spread was observed in BCB-
10 (120.71cm) followed by BCB-11 (116.71cm). BCB-18
showed the minimum (66.70cm) plant spread in East-West
direction followed by BCB-22 (70.87cm), BCB-1
(71.75cm), BCB-4 (73.46cm) and BCB-12 (74.41cm). In
both the cases those genotypes were statistically at par. The
present results are in line with that of Uddin et al. (2014).
Pollination-fertilization-fruit set-edible maturity-seed
maturity
791
From the (Fig 1), it can be easily understood that the
time required for pollination to fertilization was 1.34 (BCB-
3) to 4.25 (BCB-17) days. The days required for pollination
to fruit set was the minimum in BCB-14 (3.34 days)
followed by BCB-15 (3.56 days) and the maximum in BCB-
8 (7.37 days) followed by BCB-17 (6.91 days). BCB-14
took minimum days to edible maturity (10.50 days)
followed by BCB-15 (11.06 days) and BCB-6 (11.23 days).
Maximum time required to reach edible maturity was noted
in BCB-4 (19.56 days) followed by BCB-1 (17.66 days) and
BCB-3 (17.42 days). The maximum time required for seed
maturity was noted in BCB-4 (59.86 days) followed by
BCB-5(59.39 days) and minimum in BCB-22 (33.67 days)
and BCB-27 (33.98 days). The present results are with
confirmation with Basavaraj (1986, 1992), Yogeesha et al.
(2008).
Fig 1 Days required from pollination to different stages of fruits
Fruit and yield attributing characters
Fruit initiation (Days after Transplanting): As brinjal
flowering is primarily influenced by temperature and
humidity, a particular variety may produce variable number
of clustered fruits in different seasons. But be it spring-
summer or autumn-winter or even rainy season, long styled
flowers set 70-87% fruits (Prasad and Prakash 1968). The
least time required for fruit initiation was in BCB-27 (46.83
DAT) followed by BCB-22 (49.33 DAT) and they were,
however, statistically at par. The maximum days required
for fruit initiation has been reported in BCB-14 (63.50 DAT)
followed by BCB-9 (62.33 DAT), BCB-1 (62.17 DAT) and
BCB-15 (60.50 DAT) and there was no significance
difference among them. This findings can be supported by
finding of earlier workers like Vandana et al. (2014), Sanas
et al. (2014), Dhaka and Soni (2012), Gavade and Ghadge
(2015).
Total fruiting period: BCB-8 showed the highest total
fruiting periods (116.35 days) followed by BCB-12 (126.63
days), BCB-21 (123.62 days) and BCB-27 (120.83 days).
The genotype BCB-2 scored the lowest total fruiting period
(70.80 days) followed by BCB-4 (76.02 days) and there was
no significant difference between them.
Fruit peduncle length: The analyzed data of peduncle length
revealed that the highest length was observed in the
genotype of BCB-15 (6.59 cm) followed by BCB-8 (6.54
 Das et al. 2017
cm), BCB-11 (6.14 cm) and BCB-7 (5.73 cm). BCB-15 and
BCB-8 is significantly different from BCB-7. The lowest
was resulted in BCB-12 (3.63 cm) followed by BCB-1 (3.71
cm) and they were at par. These results are in accordance
with those of Kumar et al. (2013), Vandana et al. (2014).
Fruit length: Analysis of data of length of fruits revealed
that genotype BCB-8 produced fruits of maximum length
(12.39cm) and it is at par with BCB-12 (11.07cm). The
genotype BCB-1 produced significantly lowest value
(5.09cm) in this regard but it was at par with the genotype
BCB-2 (5.34cm). Trend of such variation in fruit weight
have also been reported by Gavade and Ghadge (2015),
Begum et al. (2013), Vandana et al. (2014), Uddin et al.
(2014), Kumar et al. (2011).
Fruit width: There was significant difference in the fruit
width of different genotypes. The maximum fruit width
(8.75cm) was recorded in BCB-4. The next higher width
observed in BCB-13 (7.48cm) followed by BCB-10
(7.38cm) and BCB-2 (7.04cm) and they were, however,
statistically at par. The genotype BCB-21 showed the
minimum fruit diameter (3.50cm) followed by BCB-8
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8(4)
(3.71cm). This result is supported by Ahmed et al. (2014),
Begum et al. (2013), Kumar et al. (2011) but high fruit
width also recorded by Vandana et al. (2014).
Number of fruits per plant: It was evident from (Table 3)
that in the first year BCB-8 produced the highest number
(20.00) of fruits/plant followed by BCB-12 (13.00) and BCB
10 (10.00) but significantly higher than the latter two. The
minimum numbers of fruits were harvested from BCB-2
(2.33) followed by BCB-4 (3.10) and BCB-18 (3.33) and
they were, however, statistically at par. The present results
are in conformity with the findings of Negi et al. (2000),
Vandana et al. (2014). And for the second year BCB-8
showed the maximum fruit production/plant (19.22)
followed by BCB-5 (12.05) and BCB-17 (10.27). The
lowest fruit yield was noted in BCB-4 (2.27) followed by
BCB-2 (2.61), BCB-9 (3.58), BCB-11(4.5) and BCB-
1(4.89). Similar trend is reported by different workers like,
Kumar et al. (2011), Uddin et al. (2014), Vandana et al.
(2014), Ahmed et al. (2014), Khalil et al. (2013), Dhaka and
Soni (2012). But Ghosh et al. (2011), Vidhya and Kumar
(2015) reported as high as 60.24 and 46.50 number of fruits
per plant respectively.

Table 3 Fruit and Yield attributing characters of brinjal genotypes

Total Fruit No of Fruit weight Yield/plant Yield/ha
Fruit Fruit Fruit No. of seeds/fruit
fruiting peduncle fruits/plant (g) (g) (tons)
Genotype initiation length width
period length
(DAT) (cm) (cm) Year 1 Year 2 Year 1 Year 2 Year 1 Year 2 Year 1 Year 2 Year 1 Year 2
(days) (cm)
BCB-1 62.17 98.52 3.71 5.09 4.96 7.27 4.89 63.78 64.53 1642.05 1626.53 204.41 317.16 7.42 7.08
BCB-2 57.33 70.80 4.27 5.34 7.04 2.33 2.61 117.30 118.60 1754.11 1720.73 268.82 310.89 8.29 8.43
BCB-3 53.17 104.07 4.14 10.95 5.48 7.67 7.72 194.43 97.27 1246.32 1254.69 1508.79 751.11 22.73 24.29
BCB-4 52.00 76.02 4.82 8.72 8.75 3.10 2.27 280.76 330.66 1156.84 1155.57 471.33 743.82 15.30 17.08
BCB-5 54.33 92.67 4.82 8.65 4.68 8.03 12.05 80.30 96.62 782.88 783.03 331.56 1165.36 10.79 18.64
BCB-6 53.67 94.08 4.59 7.82 6.48 7.97 5.37 134.02 120.73 2074.23 2076.37 554.06 652.54 17.14 13.34
BCB-7 51.00 96.35 5.73 8.34 5.28 9.93 5.39 113.69 124.07 269.75 276.73 568.35 668.17 18.57 16.14
BCB-8 56.33 116.35 6.54 12.39 3.71 20.00 19.22 64.14 70.47 971.73 965.80 1571.62 1359.79 20.61 21.76
BCB-9 62.33 90.17 4.56 7.51 6.25 6.97 3.58 100.61 157.19 694.24 655.70 495.19 563.29 14.63 18.39
BCB-10 51.83 89.67 4.77 8.97 7.38 8.67 5.02 147.11 197.01 448.53 462.03 1442.04 987.00 20.46 20.83
BCB-11 53.67 100.83 6.14 10.52 5.95 8.00 4.50 134.74 99.03 514.36 529.37 1411.92 447.72 17.79 16.42
BCB-12 51.83 113.69 3.63 11.07 4.81 13.00 7.33 83.69 88.00 411.13 417.67 1018.48 649.49 17.35 16.67
BCB-13 58.00 88.57 5.06 7.42 7.48 8.63 7.48 157.07 163.61 1148.01 1146.77 1071.17 1214.55 21.27 19.43
BCB-14 63.50 88.03 4.43 8.72 5.01 7.43 5.37 40.37 38.92 480.80 443.27 820.25 209.39 4.57 4.38
BCB-15 60.50 90.87 6.59 9.31 6.31 7.50 7.78 165.53 166.56 315.18 348.77 1064.56 1297.41 19.86 20.76
BCB-16 51.17 82.97 4.70 6.92 4.48 8.00 7.48 82.30 89.68 1222.29 1220.53 829.14 670.88 11.20 10.73
BCB-17 51.50 95.25 4.91 9.08 4.80 5.67 10.28 80.40 62.63 2114.89 2208.40 344.72 642.53 7.28 10.28
BCB-18 53.67 90.87 4.08 9.14 4.56 3.33 9.54 80.31 95.93 766.48 756.93 244.23 911.14 6.86 14.58
BCB-21 51.83 109.23 4.49 10.84 3.50 9.33 9.11 38.93 40.43 666.03 635.27 562.52 368.08 5.95 5.89
BCB-22 49.33 103.17 4.18 9.47 4.41 7.33 6.97 98.62 116.56 543.39 569.07 471.42 811.89 11.12 12.99
BCB-27 46.83 109.72 4.33 9.64 5.46 10.00 9.89 167.87 176.25 1160.06 1152.03 1756.88 1746.57 26.91 27.94
SEm(±) 1.73 2.07 0.21 0.34 0.17 0.99 0.41 14.85 9.00 29.29 18.30 12.86 79.73 2.24 1.60
CD(0.05) 4.83 5.79 0.59 0.94 0.49 2.84 1.18 42.43 25.71 83.70 52.31 36.76 227.84 6.44 4.60

Fruit weight: The weight of fruits varied significantly for
different genotypes for both the years. In first year, BCB-4
produced the maximum weight of individual fruits (280.76g)
followed by BCB-3 (194.43g), BCB-27 (167.87g), BCB-15
(165.53g) and BCB-13 (157.07g). BCB-21 resulted the
minimum fruit weight (38.93g) followed by BCB-14
(40.37g), BCB-1 (63.78g) and BCB-8 (64.14g) and they
were, however, statistically at par. And for the second year
BCB-4 produced the highest fruit weight (330.66g). BCB-10
(197.01g) was in 2nd position followed by BCB-27

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 Brinjal Genotypes for Growth, Yield and Morphological Traits
(176.25g). The lowest in weight of fruits was in genotype
BCB-14 (38.92g) followed by BCB-21 (40.43g), BCB-17
(62.63g) and BCB-1 (64.53g) and there was no significant
difference among them. This findings are supported by the
works of Khalil et al. (2013), Vandana et al. (2014), Kumar
et al. (2011) but Dijana et al. (2012) reported 550 g fruit
weight also in brinjal.
Number of seeds per fruit: McGregor in (1976) found that
fruits from insect visited flowers contain more seeds and
artificial pollination contained less seeds than open
pollinated fruits indicating the necessity of insect pollination
to fruit set. In the present experiment the crop was let to set
fruits under open pollination condition. It was evident from
(Table 3) that in the first year BCB-7 produced the least
number of seeds (269.75) per fruit followed by BCB-15
(315.18), BCB-12 (411.13). BCB-7 is significantly different
from BCB-15 but not with BCB-12. The maximum number
of seeds per fruit was observed in BCB-17 (2114.89)
followed by BCB-6 (2074.23) and BCB-2 (1754.11). BCB-
17 is significantly different from BCB-2 but not from BCB-
6. In the second year BCB-7 produced the least number of
seeds (276.73) per fruit followed by BCB-15 (348.77), BCB
12 (417.67), BCB-14 (443.27) and BCB-10 (462.03). BCB-
7 and BCB-15 were significantly different from others. The
maximum number of seeds per fruit was observed in BCB-
17 (2208.40) followed by BCB-6 (2076.37) and BCB-2
(1720.73). All were significantly different from each other.
Jyotishi and Chandra (1969) treated brinjal flowers with 10
ppm of 2,4-D at 10 days interval only to obtain an average
of 10g seeds per fruit, which was much smaller than could
have been obtained by hand pollination. These observations
are also is in close agreement to Kumar et al. (2013), Ghosh
et al. (2011).

Table 4 Plant growth habit, spine and leaf characters of brinjal genotypes
Plant growth Orientation Leaf petiole Leaf petiole Leaf blade Leaf blade Leaf blade Leaf blade
Genotype Spine position Spine colour
habit of leaf colour pubescence colour tip angle lobbing prickliness
BCB-1 Upright Parallel Nil Nil Green Yes Light green Intermediate Intermediate 24 to 26
Lamina, shoot,
Semi Greenish
BCB-2 Prostrate Petiole, Stem, Green Yes Green Acute Strong Nil
drooping brown
Peduncle
BCB-3 Prostrate Parallel Calyx, Petiole Whitish green Greenish violet Yes Dark green Acute Weak Nil
BCB-4 Prostrate Drooping Nil Nil Dark brown Yes Green Obtuse Weak Nil
BCB-5 Intermediate Parallel Peduncle Nil Greenish violet Yes Dark green Very acute Intermediate Nil
BCB-6 Intermediate Parallel Peduncle, Stem Whitish green Green Yes Dark green Acute Intermediate Nil
Brownish
BCB-7 Intermediate Parallel Peduncle Dark brown Yes Dark green Acute Intermediate 2 to 3
white
Leaf lamina,
Greenish
BCB-8 Upright Parallel Calyx, Pedicle, Violet Dark violet Yes Acute Intermediate Nil
violet
Stem, Shoot
BCB-9 Upright Parallel Peduncle, Stem Whitish green Dark brown Yes Dark green Intermediate Intermediate Nil
BCB-10 Upright Semi erect Peduncle, Stem Green Green Yes Dark green Acute Strong Nil
BCB-11 Prostrate Parallel Calyx, Pedicle Whitish green Green Yes Dark green Acute Intermediate Nil
BCB-12 Intermediate Parallel Peduncle, Stem Whitish green Green Yes Green Acute Intermediate Nil
BCB-13 Upright Parallel Nil Nil Green Yes Dark green Intermediate Strong Nil
BCB-14 Upright Parallel Peduncle Violet Green Yes Green Acute Strong Nil
BCB-15 Upright Parallel Nil Nil Green Yes Green Intermediate Intermediate Nil
Leaf lamina,
BCB-16 Upright Erect Calyx, Pedicle, Violet Green Yes Dark green Intermediate Strong Nil
Stem
BCB-17 Upright Semi erect Nil Nil Greenish violet Yes Dark green Acute Weak Nil
BCB-18 Upright Erect Nil Nil Green Yes Dark green Acute Intermediate Nil
Leaf lamina,
Greenish
BCB-21 Prostrate Parallel Calyx, Pedicle, Violet Greenish violet Yes Intermediate Strong 5 to 8
violet
Stem
Leaf lamina,
Greenish
BCB-22 Prostrate Parallel Calyx, Pedicle, Violet Greenish violet Yes Intermediate Intermediate Nil
violet
Stem
Calyx, Pedicle,
BCB-27 Prostrate Parallel Violet. Green Yes Green Intermediate Weak Nil
Shoot

Yield per plant: For the first year, BCB-27 was at top for the
highest yield (1756.88 gm) per plant followed by BCB-8
(1571.62 gm) and BCB-3 (1508.79 gm). All were
significantly different. The lowest yield was produced in the
genotype BCB-1 (204.41 gm) followed by BCB-18 (244.23
gm), BCB-2 (268.82 gm), BCB-5 (331.56 gm) and BCB-17
(344.72 gm). BCB-1 is significantly different from others.
BCB-18 and BCB-2 were also found to be significantly
different from BCB-17. In the second year, the maximum
yield was observed in BCB-27 (1746.57 gm) followed by
BCB-8 (1359.79 gm) and BCB-15 (1297.41 gm). BCB-27
was significantly different from others but not the rest two

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 Das et al. 2017 Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8(4)
with each other. BCB-14 produced the lowest fruit yield per are in line with Ghosh et al. (2011), Vandana et al. (2014),
plant (209.39 gm), followed by BCB-2 (310.89 gm), BCB-1 Gavade and Ghadge (2015), Prabhakaran et al. (2015),
(317.16 gm), BCB-21 (368.08 gm) and BCB-11 (447.72 Dhaka and Soni (2012), but Ahmed et al.(2014) got a result
gm). BCB-14 had significant difference with BCB-11 only as high as 5320 gm/plant. Lower yield/plant for some
and rests were, however, statistically at par. These findings genotypes may be because of non-favourable environment.

Table 5 Morphological characters of fruit and seed of brinjal genotypes

Fruiting Fruit Fruit Fruit Fruit Fruit apex Fruit colour Fruit length: Peduncle Flesh Seed
Genotype Seediness Seed size
pattern position curvature shape colour shape distribution breadth prickliness density colour
Milky As long as Light
BCB-1 Solitary Pendent Nil Round Depressed Uniform Nil Compact High Intermediate
white broad yellow
Semi Regular As long as Loose Brown
BCB-2 Solitary Nil Round Green Depressed 8 to 10 High Small
pendent striped broad (crumbly) black
Solitary+ Irregular Slightly longer Medium
BCB-3 Pendent Nil Oval Green Rounded 1o2 Medium Large Brown
Cluster striped than broad compact
Broader than Medium
BCB-4 Solitary Pendent Nil Round Green Rounded Uniform Nil Medium Large Brown
long compact
Semi Light Irregular Twice as long Medium
BCB-5 Solitary Nil Oval Depressed Nil Low Intermediate Brown
pendent purple striped as broad compact
Regular Slightly longer Medium Brown
BCB-6 Solitary Pendent Nil Round Green Depressed Nil Low Large
striped than broad compact black
Semi Regular Slightly longer Medium Brown
BCB-7 Solitary Nil Oval Green Depressed Nil Low Small
pendent striped than broad compact black
Several times
Solitary+ Semi Loose
BCB-8 Nil Long Purple Prostrate Uniform as long as 5 to 7 Low Intermediate Brown
Cluster pendent (crumbly)
broad
Regular Slightly longer Brownish
BCB-9 Solitary Pendent Nil Oblong Green Depressed Nil Compact Low Large
striped than broad yellow
Semi Regular Slightly longer
BCB-10 Solitary Nil Round Green Depressed 1 to 3 Compact Low Large Brown
pendent striped than broad
Milky Regular Twice as long
BCB-11 Solitary Pendent Nil Oblong Rounded Nil Compact Medium Intermediate Brown
white striped as broad
Slightly Regular Twice as long Medium
BCB-12 Solitary Pendent Oblong Green Depressed Nil High Intermediate Brown
curved striped as broad compact
Semi Purple Three times as Medium
BCB-13 Solitary Nil Round Depressed Uniform Nil Low Small Brown
pendent black long as broad compact
Slightly Light Slightly longer Loose Brownish
BCB-14 Solitary Pendent Long Depressed Uniform Nil High Large
curved purple than broad (crumbly) yellow
Semi Regular Broader than Medium Brown
BCB-15 Solitary Nil Oval Green Depressed Nil Medium Large
pendent striped long compact black
Semi Irregular Twice as long Medium
BCB-16 Solitary Nil Round Purple Rounded Nil Low Large Brown
pendent striped as broad compact
Semi Light Irregular Slightly longer Medium
BCB-17 Solitary Nil Oval Depressed Nil Low Large Brown
pendent purple striped than broad compact
Several times
Irregular Medium
BCB-18 Solitary Pendent Nil Oblong Green Depressed as long as Nil High Intermediate Brown
striped compact
broad
Solitary+ Semi Slightly Black Three times as Loose
BCB-21 Long Prostrate Mottled 2 High Small Brown
Cluster pendent curved purple long as broad (crumbly)
Solitary+ Regular Slightly longer Loose
BCB-22 Nil Nil Oval Green Rounded Nil High Large Brown
Cluster striped than broad (crumbly)
Regular Twice as long Loose
BCB-27 Solitary Pendent Nil Oval Green Rounded 1 High Small Brown
striped as broad (crumbly)

Yield per hectare: For the first year, BCB-27 produced the
highest yield (26.99 ton) per hectare followed by BCB-3
(23.73 ton), BCB-13 (21.29 ton), BCB-8 (20.75 ton), BCB-
10 (20.57 tons), BCB-15 (19.89 tons) and BCB-7 (18.97
tons). BCB-27 is significantly different from BCB-15 and
BCB-7. The lowest yield was observed in the genotype
BCB-14 (4.89 tons) followed by BCB-21 (5.64 tons), BCB-
18 (6.89 tons), BCB-17 (7.34 tons), BCB-1 (7.62 tons) and
BCB-2 (8.31 tons) and they are however, statistically at par.
In the second year, the maximum yield was noted in BCB-
27 (28.01 tons), followed by BCB-3 (24.29 tons), BCB-8
(21.89 tons), BCB-10 (20.94 tons), BCB-15 (20.79 tons),
BCB-13 (19.83 tons) and BCB-7 (16.15 tons). BCB-7 is
significantly different from all mentioned above except
BCB-13. The lowest yield was recorded in the genotype
BCB-14 (4.63 tons) followed by BCB-21 (5.98 tons), BCB-

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 Brinjal Genotypes for Growth, Yield and Morphological Traits
1 (7.12 tons) and BCB-2 (8.56 tons) and they were however,
statistically at par. This result is in close agreement with
Kumar et al. (2011), Sanas et al. (2014). Lower yield of
some genotypes due to may be environmental effect.
Plant, fruit and seed morphology
Plant growth habit, spine and leaf characters of the
genotypes under study have been summarized in (Table 4).
The growth habit of the genotypes varied from upright to
prostrate with only a few having intermediate growth habit.
For most of the genotypes, leaf orientation is parallel. Spine
position has been reported in different parts of brinjal plants
(viz. Leaf lamina, shoot, stem, peduncle, calyx and pedicle)
with various coloured like green, white, brown and violet.
Sometime spines destruct insects to attack and feed.
Normally leaf petiole colour is green and with presence of
pubescence. Pubescence shows structural defence against
vectors which spreads viral diseases. But violet and brown
coloured petioles also reported. Leaf blade colour varies
from violet, green to dark green. Three types of leaf blade
angle (Acute, obtuse and intermediate) and leaf blade
lobbing (Strong, intermediate and weak) have been reported.
Only three of twenty one genotypes have prickles on leaf.
Morphological characters of fruit and seed have been
mentioned in details on (Table 5). Solanum melongena has
three botanical varieties namely, var. esculentum (round to
oval fruit shape), var. serpentinum (long and slender fruit
shape), and var. depressum (dwarf and oblong fruit shape).
In the present study the experimental materials consisted of
all the three basic types of fruit shapes having a colour range
from milky white to green and from light purple to black
purple. Variation in fruiting pattern (Solitary, cluster and
mixed), fruit position (Pendent and semi-pendent), fruit apex
shape (Depressed, rounded and prostrate), fruit colour
distribution (Uniform, striped and mottled), fruit length:
breadth, flesh density (Compact to crumbly), seediness
(High, medium and low), seed size (Small, intermediate and
large) and seed colour (Yellow to brown to black) has been
observed. Peduncle prickliness is present in six genotypes
namely, BCB-2, BCB-3, BCB-8, BCB-10, BCB-21 and
BCB-27. These differences in morphological features are
due to mainly for varietal and environmental characteristics
which are controlled and expressed by specific gene(s),
climatic factors and their interaction.
From the findings of present investigation it can be
concluded that genotypes of brinjal differed significantly for
most of growth, morphological and yield attributing
characters. The genotype BCB-8 has been found to perform
highly satisfactorily in all the agronomically desired
characters except fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit
and was closely followed by BCB-3, BCB-12 and BCB-27.
BCB-27 and BCB-8 are the high yielder genotypes. These
investigated genotypes in the present study showed higher
level of variability for yield due to variation in yield
contributing parameters. Promising genotypes particularly
BCB-8 and BCB-27 can be used as parents in future
hybridization programmes to develop superior types with
high yield. As high heterozysity remains in local genotypes
or germplasms, more number of local cultivars and
improved varieties of brinjal has to be improved in future.

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