Contents
Contributing Authors x
Foreword xvii
Preface xviii
Introduction xix
VOLU.MEONE
PART I: BASICS
SECTION I: Technical Principles
1 Instrumentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
D. SCOT MALAY AND ROBYN WINNER
2 Biomaterials: Metals and Other
N onabsorbables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
SEAN T. GRAMBART AND JEFFREY C. CHRISTENSEN
3 Absorbable Biomaterials .......... 24
ADAMS. LANDSMAN
4 Suture Materials and Needles ...... 37
DANNY R. FIJALKOWSKI
SECTION II: Perioperative
Management
5 Perioperative Evaluation ......... 54
LOPA DALMIA AND ANDREA D. CASS
6 Local Anesthetics ............... 63
MITZI L. WILLIAMS AND DONALD R. GREEN
7 General and Regional Anesthesia . . . 7 3
CONSTANTINE S. KOKENES, JAY D. RYAN,
ALLISON J.A. MENKE, AND DONALD R. POWELL
8 Perioperative Pain Management .... 83
ANDREW J. MEYRAND JOHNS. STEINBERG
9 Perioperative Prophylaxis for
Deep Vein Thrombosis . . . . . . . . . . . 97
JAMES H. MORGAN, JR
10 Perioperative Antibiotics ........ 101
AMANDA MESZAROS
PART II: FOREFOOT SURGERY
SECTION I: Nail Surgery
11 Nail Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
TIMOTHY W. CRISLIP AND JEFFREYS. BOBERG
SECTION II: Morton Neuroma
12 lnterdigital Neuroma (Morton
Neuroma) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
JEFFREYS. BOBERG AND CAMERON L. EILTS
SECTION III: Digital Deformity
13 Lesser Digital Deformities:
Etiology, Procedural Selection,
and Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
JEFFREYS. BOBERG AND JASON J. WILLIS
14 Digital Surgery: Metatarsophalangeal
Joint Release and Proximal
Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis .. 129
ANDREA D. CASS AND JOHN A. RUCH
15 Flail Toe with Bone Graft . . . . . . . 140
KIERAN T. MAHAN
16 Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon
Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
ANNETIE D. FILIATRAULT, JOHN A. RUCH,
AND STEVEN A. WEISKOPF
17 Congenital Overlapping Fifth Toe
Deformity ................... 154
MICHAELS. DOWNEY AND JON M. WILSO N, JR
18 Surgical Repair of Fifth Digit
Deformities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
THOMAS F. SMITH, CARLA. KIHM,
AND KEITH D. PFEIFER
v
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Vl Contents
SECTION IV: Lesser
Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Deformities
19 Plantar Plate Repair of the Second
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ....... 187
CRAIG A. CANIASTA
20 Transverse Plane Digital
Deformities .................. 202
MICHAELS. DOWNEY, MICHAEL C. McGLAMRY,
AND SARAH A. SPIZZIRRI
21 The Weil Lesser Metatarsal
Osteotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
RICHARD J. ZIRM
22 Central Rays: V Osteotomy, DFWO,
Condylectomy ................ 229
WILLIAM D. FISHCO AND JEFFREYS. BOBERG
23 Tailor's Bunion Deformity ....... 235
SEAN PATRICK DUNN AND JANE PONTIOUS
PART lll: FIRST RAY, HALLUX
ABDUCTO VALGUS, AND
RELATED DEFORMITffiS
24 Evaluation and Procedural Selection
in Hallux Valgus Surgery ........ 245
JEFFREYS. BOBERG
25 Anatomic Dissection of the First
Metatarsophalangeal Joint for Hallux
Valgus Surgery ................ 250
JOHN A. RUCH, CHARLES F. PEEBLES, AND
CLAIRE A. HOLI.STROM
26 Hallux Osteotomies . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
THOMAS F. SMITH AND JARED L. MOON
27 Distal Metaphyseal Osteotomies in
Hallux Abducto Valgus Surgery ... 279
THONIAS A. BROSKY II AND PATRICK B. HALL
28 Proximal Osteotomies of the First
Metatarsal ................... 290
ROBB A. MOTHERSHED
29 Offset-V Osteotomy of the First
Metatarsal Shaft in Hallux Abducto
Valgus ...................... 302
GARY R. BAUER AND HAROLD W. VOGLER
30 Z-Scarf Osteotomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
CHARLES J. GUDAS
31 Lapidus Bunionectomy:
First Metatarsal-Cuneiform
Arthrodesis .................. 322
LAWRENCE A. DIDOMENICO AND
MARl WARGO-DORSEY
32 Juvenile Hallux Abducto Valgus
Deformity ................... 331
DONALD R. GREEN, IGERAN T. MAHAN, AND
TRACY L. KLIMAZ
33 Joint Salvage and Preservation
Surgical Techniques for
Hallux Limitus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
ANNALISA Y. CO, THONIAS J. CHANG, AND
CRAIG A. CANIASTA
34 First Metatarsophalangeal
Joint Arthroplasty ............. 362
JOHN V. VANORE, WILLIAM G. MONTROSS,
A. LOUIS JIMENEZ, AND JONNICA S. DOZIER
35 First Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Arthrodesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
THONIAS F. SMITH AND ALLISON J.A. MENKE
36 Complications in Hallux Abducto
Valgus Surgery (Excluding Hallux
Varus) ...................... 417
MOLLY A. JUDGE
3 7 Hallux Varus ................. 461
MOLLY A. JUDGE
PART IV: REARFOOT
SECTION I: Midfoot and Heel
Surgery
38 Common Pedal Prominences ..... 471
THONIAS F. SMITH AND LESLIE B. DOWLING
3 9 Plantar Heel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
JEFFREYS. BOBERG, DAMIEN M. DAUPHINEE,
D. SCOT NIALAY, AND WILLIAM HARRIS IV
40 The Distal Tarsal Tunnel: First
Branch of the Lateral Plantar
Nerve Release................. 505
ROBERT M. GOECKER
41 Plantar Foot Surgery ........... 513
J. MICHAEL MILLER AND SUHAIL B. MASADEH
42 Pes Cavus Surgery ............. 525
CRAIG A. CANIASTAANDANDREAD. CASS

SECTION II: Valgus Foot
Deformity
43 Ankle Equinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
MICHAELS. DOWNEY AND JACLYN M. SCHWARTZ
44 Flexible Valgus Deformity ....... 585
KIERAN T. MAHAN AND K. PAUL FLANIGAN
45 Tarsal Coalition ............... 598
MICHAELS. DOWNEY AND ALISON M. DEWATERS
46 Posterior Tibial Tendon
Dysfunction .................. 636
ALAN R. CATANZARITI, ROBERT W. MENDICINO,
AND MICHAEL P. MASKILL
47 Medial Column Fusion.......... 670
THOMASJ.CHANG
48 Arthroereisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7 5
DONALD R. GREEN AND MITZI L. WILLIAMS
PART V: ANI<LE
49 Os Trigonum Surgery , . . . . . . . . . 691
MOLLY A. JUDGE
50 Acute Ankle Conditions ......... 702
MARKA. HARDY AND GINA A. HILD
51 Old Syndesmotic Injuries ........ 710
BRIAN B. CARPENTERAND TRAVIS A. MOTLEY
52 Ankle Replacement Arthroplasty .. 717
JOHN M. SCHUBERTH, JEROME K. STECK,
AND JEFFREY C. CHRISTENSEN
53 Arthroscopy of the Ankle
and Foot .................... 757
JEFFREY C. CHRISTENSEN, MEAGAN M. JENNINGS,
AND JOHN J. STIENSTRA
54 Osteochondroses of the Foot
and Ankle ................... 780
LAWRENCE M. FALLAT,
JEFFREY C. CHRISTENSEN, AND
JACOB A. HORD
PART VI: MIDFOOT JOINT
ARTHRODESIS
55 Principles of Arthrodesis ........ 803
SEAN PATRICK DUNN, JUSTIN T. MEYER,
AND JOHN A. RUCH
Contents
..
vu
56 Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis ...... 810
SHINE JOHN, ALAN R. CATANZARITI,
AND ROBERTW. MENDICINO
57 Trephine Arthrodesis at the
Midfoot ..................... 820
ANNETTE D. FILIATRAULT
58 Triple Arthrodesis ............. 824
JOHN A. RUCH, LOPA DALMIA,
AND PATRICKB. HALL
59 Subtalar Joint Arthrodesis . . . . . . . 843
MARKA. HARDY
60 Talonavicular Fusions ........... 851
WILLIAl\1 D. FISHCO
61 Pantalar Arthrodesis ........... 855
TRAVIS A. MOTLEY AND BRIAN B. CARPENTER
VOLUME TWO
PART Vll: SPECIAL SURGERY:
CONDITIONS
SECTION I: Rheumatoid Foot
andAnlde
62 Rheumatoid Rearfoot........... 863
LINNIE V. RABJOHN AND DANIEL J. YARMEL
63 Pan Metatarsal Head Resection ... 876
DENNIS E. MARTIN
SECTION II: Neurologic Disorders
64 Spasticity and Paralytic
Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 84
R. DAVID WARREN
65 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease ..... 892
ROBERT M. GOECKER, ALAN S. BANKS,
MICHAELS. DOWNEY, AND RICHARD J. ZIRM
SECTION III: Peripheral Nerve
Surgery
66 General Entrapment Syndromes ... 912
D. SCOT MALAY, E. DALTON McGLAMRY,
AND MARIJA UGRINICH
67 Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome ........ 934
MICHAELS. DOWNEY AND DANIEL J. YARMEL
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Vlll Contents

68 Complex Regional Pain Syndromes 78 Achilles Tendon Disorders ...... 1181

and Related Disorders ..... . .... 950 JAMES L. THOMAS
JEFFREY C. CHRISTENSEN 79 Plastic and Reconstructive
Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193
SECTION IV: Diabetic Foot TOD R. STORM AND MICHAELS. LEE

69 Evaluation and Management of

the Diabetic Foot Wound ........ 986
JOHNS. STEINBERG AND PAUL J. KIM
70 Charcot Foot and Anlde
Deformity .................. 1008
THOMAS M. ZGONIS, JOHN J. STAPLETON,
AND THOMAS S. ROUKIS
71 Amputations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022
ROBERT P. TAYLOR, JAMES L. BOUCHARD,
AND LINNIE V. RABJOHN
80 Bone Anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1222
THOMAS A. BROSKY II, MICHAEL C. McGLAMRY,
AND MITZI L. WILLIAMS
81 Interpositional Arthroplasty of
the First Metatarsophalangeal
Joint .............. . ....... 1231
CHRISTOPHERF. HYERAND
JAYMES D. GRANATA
82 Lateral Column Arthroplasty . . . . 1234
THOMASJ.CHANG

SECTION V: Congenital PART IX: SPECIAL SURGERY:

Deformities MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

72 Brachymetatarsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036 83 External Fixation of Rearfoot

MICHELLE L. BUTTERWORTH AND and Ankle Arthrodeses ......... 1241
DENNIS E. MARTIN BRADLEY M. LAMM
73 Metatarsus Adductus and Allied 84 Puncture Wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1254
Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056 STEPHEN V. COREY AND MICHELLE L.
PATRICKS. AGNEW BUTTERWORTH

7 4 Clubfoot ................... 1079 85 Lower Extremity Infections ..... 1267

LUKE D. CICCHINELLI, DAVID J. GRANGER, MARK A. KOSINSKI AND WARRENS. JOSEPH
TODD R. GUNZY, TODD B. HADDON,
AND JORGE G. PENAGOS VASQUEZ
86 Osteomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1287
LAWRENCE M. OLOFF AND GEOFFREY S. HEARD
75 Congenital Digital Deformities ... 1097
75.1 Polydactyly 1097 87 Nonunions .................. 1309
ANNETTE D . FILIATRAULT STEPHANJ.LAPOINTE
75.2 Macrodactyly 1 106 88 Orthobiologics ............... 1322
THOMAS A. BROSKY II
D. SCOT MALAY AND WILLIAM HARRIS IV
75.3 Ectrodactyly 1 109
CORNEUUSM.DONOHUE 89 Electrical and Mechanical
75.4 Syndactyly 11 17 Bone Growth Stimulation ...... 1333
CARL R. WAGREICH, RENATO J. GIORGINI, MICHAELS. DOWNEY AND
TARA L. GIORGINI WEN-YIN CHOI WANG

PART VIII: SPECIAL SURGERY: 90 Nonosseous Injuries ........... 1350

SOFT TISSUE
7 6 Principles of Muscle-Tendon
Surgery and Tendon Transfers ... 1127
STEPHEN J. MILLER AND MACK JAY GROVES IV
77 Peroneal Tendon Disorders ..... 1165
LAWRENCE A. DIDOMENICO
AND MICHELLE C. ANANIA
KEITH D. COOK
PART X: TUMORS
91 Skin Lesions ................. 1363
D. SCOT MALAY AND MARIJA UGRINICH
92 Soft Tissue Masses ............ 1387
MICHAELS. DOWNEY AND CHRISTA M. GREDLEIN

93 Bone Tumors of the Foot
and Ankle ................. 1413
LAWRENCE S. OSHER, BRYAN D. CALDWELL,
AND HILAREE B. MILLIRON
94 Surgical Management of Bone
Tumors in the Foot and Ankle .. 1474
HILAREE B. MILLIRON, JOSEPH A. FAVAZZO,
AND B. HUDSON BERREY
95 Plantar Fibromatosis ......... 1486
MICHAELS. DOvVNEY AND
RANDALL J. CONTENTO
PART XI: TRAUMA
SECTION I: Acute Trauma
96 Open Fractures ............. 1499
MARK A. HARDY AND JORDAN P. GROSSMAN
97 Complex Soft Tissue Injuries:
Degloving and Soft Tissue Loss
rn·Jurtes
. .................. . 1508
RYAN H. FITZGERALD AND JOHNS. STEINBERG
98 Complications of Internal
Fixation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1523
JOHN V. VANORE AND WILLIAM G. MONTROSS
99 Trauma to the Nail and Associated
Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 5
D. SCOT MALAY AND ROBYN WINNER
l 00 Management of Acute and Chronic
Tendon Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1549
RYAN H . FITZGERALD
101 Achilles Tendon Trauma ...... 1580
ALAN NG AND KEITH L. JACOBSON
l 02 Dislocations of the Foot
and Anlde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1600
GRAHAM A. HAMILTON, LAWRENCE A. FORD,
AND JOHANNA-MARIE RICHEY
103 Digital and Sesamoid
Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1629
MICHAELS. DOWNEY AND
GRETCHEN A. LAWRENCE
Contents ix
l 04 Metatarsal Fractures. . . . . . . . . . 1646
MICHAELS. LEE AND LINDAHO
l 0 5 Midfoot Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . 1662
TRAVIS A. MOTLEY AND BRIAN B. CARPENTER
106 Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc)
Joint Dislocation ............ 1677
LAWRENCE A. DrDOMENICO AND
DAWN Y. STEIN
l 07 Calcaneal Fractures .......... 1685
MEAGAN M. JENNINGS AND
JOHN M. SCHUBERTH
l 08 Talar Fractures .............. 1707
JOHN M. SCHUBERTH, SHANNON M. RUSH, AND
MEAGAN M. JENNINGS
l 09 Ankle Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1739
LAWRENCE M. FALLAT, THOMAS J. MERRILL,
ZEESHAN S. HUSAIN, AND KITTRA T. OWENS
ll 0 Pilon Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1765
GEORGES. GUMANN AND JUSTIN J. FLEMING
Ill Pediatric Foot and Anlde
Fractures ................. . 1786
EDWIN J. HARRIS
SECTION II: Repair of
Posttraumatic Injuries
112 Neglected Calcaneal Fractures .. 1835
GEORGE T. LIU
113 Anlde Malunions . . . . . . . . . . . . 1849
BRADLEY M. LAMM AND JOHN E. HERZENBERG
114 Supramalleolar Osteotomy ..... 1874
SHANNON M. RUSH, AND JOHN M. SCHUBERTH
115 Talar Avascular Necrosis . .... . 1890
CHRISTOPHERF. HYERAND
WILLIAM T. DECARBO
116 Lisfranc Injuries ............. 1914
GEORGE F. WALLACE
117 Fibular Lengthening . . . . . . . . . 1924
BYRON L. HUTCHINSON
Index 1-l