Primary mineral:
Titanomagnetite
LATERITE IRON DEPOSITS
Laterite iron deposits of The reservation The laterite iron deposits are Pleistocene
the Surigao Mineral comprises the central residual products of chemical
Reservations eastern portion of weathering of serpentinized
Surigao peninsula ultramafic rocks.
(Parcel I) in Limonite is the chief constituent
northeastern Mindanao; of the laterite iron ore while
southern Dinagat, hematite and magnetite occurs
Nonoc, Hinatuan and in subordinate amounts.
Masepelid islands and
lesser isles (Parcel II);
northern Dinagat island
(Parcel III); and Siargao
and Bucas Grande
islands (Parcel IV)
SEDIMENTARY BEDDED IRON DEPOSIT
Camalaniugan Sedimentary Geographical name:
bedded iron deposit Bgy. .Camalaniugan, The deposit formed within a
Aparri, Cagayan (10 km structural basin that probably
south of Aparri ponded into a lake. Iron supplied
Poblacion, Cagayan) into this basin originated from the
Central geographic chemical weathering of
coordinates: 18°18’N, surrounding rocks, which shows
121°37’E evidence of pyritization probably
brought about by dioritic intrusions.
Nickel laterite
LOCATION OPERATOR HOST ROCK AGE
Rio Tub nickel laterite Barangay Rio Tuba, Rio Tuba Nickel Ultramafic Member of thePalawan Late Cretaceous
deposit Bataraza, Palawan Corporation Ophiolite, consisting of the Mt.
(RTNMC) Beaufort ultramafics and the
Espina Formation
Limonite zone. The limonite zone, as the term implies, is composed predominantly of iron clay minerals. It is usually capped by reddish-brown
soil with low nickel content. Most often, this capping, termed as overburden in mining parlance, is low in nickel but rich in iron as manifested by
the presence of iron pisolites or hard caps. As this material progresses downward, the color usually turns into various shades of yellow and
brown (Zone 2, the accumulation zone). It is still rich in iron but the nickel values are now relatively higher than the upper portion. The limonite
zone exhibits plasticity and highly porous. Slightly weathered boulders of the bedrock most often appear in the lower portion of the limonite zone.
Saprolite zone. The contact between the limonite and the saprolite (Zone 4) may be gradational or sharp. Depending on the intensity of
weathering and laterite development, the saprolite may have variable thickness even in one confined area. This thickness range from less than a
meter to more than 8 meters. The saprolite is colored with various shades of green mixed with hues of yellow and brown. It turns into various
shades of blue, gray to black as it approaches the bedrock. The iron content becomes sharply and significantly less than in the limonite zone
while the magnesium content progressively becomes richer at depth. The higher ore grade is believed to be due to the downward migration of
nickel which eventually settles along the numerous cracks in the saprolite. The ubiquitous green coatings along fractures are often due to
garnierite, a high grade
MANGANESE CLASSIFICATION
● a silver-gray, brittle metallic element Primary ( Volcanic-sedimentary) Manganese Deposits
used principally in making alloys Primary manganese deposits of volcanic-sedimentary origin are those deposits associated
● 12th in abundance among elements in with : a) submarine volcanic rocks and chert ; b) tuff and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks and
the earth's crust. some chert ; and c) chert only.
ORE: Rhodocrosite, Franklinite, Psilomelane/
Romanechite, Hausmannite, Braunite, Rhodonite,
Alabandite, Manganite Secondary (Residual) Manganese Deposits
These deposits are formed by the weathering and reconcentration of manganese from
Ukraine primary bedded manganese oxides.
is the world’s leading producer of high-grade
manganese ore, followed by Georgia, South
Africa, Brazil, and Gabon.
Industrial minerals and manufacturing materials including cement raw materials, ceramics and
refractory raw materials are dealt with in this chapter. These minerals and materials are as follows:
ASBESTOS CLASSIFICATION :
-Asbestos though considered ▪ Shingles
a significant industrial mineral ▪ Paper
utilized in fireproofing, ▪ plaster
insulation, brake linings and LOCALITIES
asbestos cement early in
1980’s is now considered non- Bangui and Burgos,
commercial due to its Ilocos Norte; Aguilar and
carcinogenic property. Mangatarem,
Pangasinan; Botolan,
Cabangan, San Felipe
and San Marcelino,
Zambales; Abra de Ilog,
Mindoro Occidental;
Antique; Misamis
Oriental and Bukidnon
▪ refuse grade
▪ Asbestos
▪ Feldspar
▪ Talc
▪ Barite
▪ Gypsum
▪ Cement raw materials
▪ Bentonite
▪ Limestone
▪ Ceramic raw material
▪ Clay
▪ Magnesite
▪ Refractory raw materials
▪ Diatomite
▪ Perlite
▪ Zeolite
▪ Dolomite
▪ Silica
BARITE LOCALITIES
GYPSUM LIMESTONE
Carbonate rocks are extremely common and make
Gypsum is a hydrous calcium sulphate up approximately 15% of the sedimentary
(CaSO4.2H2O) containing 20 percent water. It column. They occur extensively in the Philippine
is obtained either from naturally occurring archipelago and vary in age from Cretaceous to
gypsum-bearing ores or from fertilizer Recent.
manufacturing, as by-products. At present, the
expanded production capacity of most cement The cement industry is the largest consumer of
plants in the country requires large volume of limestone.
gypsum as cement retarder. Likewise, the
manufacturing industry has greater need for
gypsum in the fabrication of fireproof gypsum
board now proliferating among high-rise malls
and condominiums.
LOCALITIES:
Over the country, the known gypsum
deposits are disposed in four (4) provinces:
Batangas, Albay, Camarines Sur and Negros
Oriental.
CLAY CLASSIFICATION:
The biggest reserves of siliceous clay in the Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Abra, Benguet, Nueva
islands were formed by the residual alteration Ecija, Pangasinan, Zambalez, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna,
of chloritic schists in Siruma, Camarines Sur. Batangas, Quezon, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur,
Sorsogon, Albay, Marinduque, Romblon, Negros
Occidental, Iloilo, Panay, Antique, Surigao del Sur,
Misamis Oriental, Bukidnon and Zamboanga del Sur
and in Zamboanga City.
2. TRANSPORTED
Transported clays are formed by accumulation in
sites such as swamps and basins of clayey
materials transported by water
DIATOMITE FELDSPAR
Feldspar is the general term for the group of rock-
Diatomite or “diatomaceous earth“ consists forming minerals that are essentially anhydrous
mainly of siliceous shells or skeletons of single- aluminum silicates. It is an important material in
celled organisms called diatoms. It is composed the production of glass, fired clay products, and
essentially of hydrated amorphous or opalline enamel paints.
silica with varying amounts of contaminant
materials such as silica sand, clays, salts and
organic matter. Related to intrusions
LOCALITIES:
Diatomite deposits are in Pantabangan and
Caranglan, Nueva Ecija; Basud, Camarines
Norte; Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte; and in
Quezon, Bukidnon.
MAGNESITE PERLITE
Perlite is a hydrated silicic volcanic glass, which
Magnesite, a natural form of magnesium generally has a characteristic “onion-skin” or
carbonate with ideal magnesia content of 47.60 perlitic texture and a pearly luster. When
percent, is an important source of magnesium for expanded or bloated by shock calcination, perlite
industrial purposes. Magnesium is an essential forms an inert mass with an open texture having
element in plant and animal metabolism, and is low bulk density, low thermal conductivity, high
added to animal feeds in the form of caustic- sound absorption and fire-resistance.
calcined magnesia.
LOCALITIES: LOCALITIES:
Lupon, Mati, Puntalinao, and Banay-banay,Perlite deposits are found in Calayan Island, Cagayan;
Davao Oriental; small deposits are in Sibuyan Baao, Camarines Sur; and in Maslog, Taysan,
Island, Romblon. . and Puro, Legazpi City
SILICA TALC
Talc is a layer-lattice mineral with the following
Silica or silicon dioxide (SiO2) commonly occurs composition, Mg3Si4O10- (OH)2. It is the softest
as mineral quartz in varied forms; as veins and common mineral with hardness of one (1) on
lenses of bull quartz, as sand, pebbles, cobbles Moh’s scale of hardness. Its cleavage flakes are
and boulders, and as siliceous clays flexible but not elastic. It occurs in low to medium
metamorphosed basic or ultrabasic rocks and in
About 85% of silica sand are utilized in glass place, constitutes the greater part of the rock,
manufacture producing the material known as steatite or
soapstone.
CLASSIFICATION:
1.Silica in rock form ( Mindoro)
2.Silica in fragmental form ( Tagkawayan LOCALITIES:
Quezon) Abra, de Ilog, Mindoro Occidental; Marangas, Brooke’s
3. Siliceous clays ( Siruma Peninsula, Point, Palawan and in Cabangan, Zambales.
Camarines Sur)
ALUMINUM MOLYBDENUM
LOCALITIES:
These include Batag Island, Hinabangan,
Corcord, Guiuan, and Western Samar, Nonoc
Island, Bucas Grande
MERCURY
The term “native mercury” is used for natural mercury found associated with the mineral cinnabar.
Locality : Central Palawan