Control
Andrew L. Nelson
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Functions
Fuzzy Logic
• A proposition is either True or False
• Fuzzy OR • ABC
• Fuzzy AND
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• Example
Fuzzy Control
• King(Richard) Greedy(Richard)
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Variables
Rules
Evil(Richard)
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Fuzzification
Defuzzification • Richard is either greedy or he isn't:
• Summary
• Greedy(Richard) {0,1}
2/9/2004 Fuzzy Logic 5
Fuzzy Sets
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•
References
Introduction • What if Richard is only somewhat
• Crisp Variables
• Fuzzy Sets
greedy?
• Linguistic
Variables • Fuzzy Sets can represent the degree
• Membership
Functions to which a quality is possessed.
• Fuzzy Logic
• Fuzzy OR • Fuzzy Sets (Simple Fuzzy Variables)
• Fuzzy AND
• Example have values in the range of [0,1]
• Fuzzy Control
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•
Variables
Rules
• Greedy(Richard) = 0.7
• Fuzzification
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Summary
Defuzzification • Question: How evil is Richard?
2/9/2004 Fuzzy Logic 6
Fuzzy Linguistic Variables
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•
References
Introduction
• Fuzzy Linguistic Variables are used to
• Crisp Variables represent qualities spanning a particular
• Fuzzy Sets
• Linguistic
spectrum
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Variables
Membership
• Temp: {Freezing, Cool, Warm, Hot}
Functions
• Fuzzy Logic • Membership Function
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•
Fuzzy OR
Fuzzy AND • Question: What is the temperature?
• Example
• Fuzzy Control • Answer: It is warm.
• Variables
• Rules • Question: How warm is it?
• Fuzzification
• Defuzzification
• Summary
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• Example
Fuzzy Control
• Operate on degrees of membership
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Variables
Rules
in fuzzy sets
• Fuzzification
• Defuzzification
• Summary
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•
Summary
Defuzzification
• (AB = C) (C = 0.75)
2/9/2004 Fuzzy Logic 12
Fuzzy Conjunction
• References
• Introduction • AB min(A, B)
• Crisp Variables
• Fuzzy Sets • AB = C "Quality C is the
• Linguistic
Variables conjunction of Quality A and B"
• Membership A B
Functions
1 1
• Fuzzy Logic
• Fuzzy OR 0.75
• Fuzzy AND
• Example
0.375
• Fuzzy Control
• Variables
• Rules 0 0
• Fuzzification
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•
Summary
Defuzzification
• (AB = C) (C = 0.375)
2/9/2004 Fuzzy Logic 13
Example: Fuzzy Conjunction
• References Calculate AB given that A is .4 and B is 20
• Introduction
• Crisp Variables A B
1 1
• Fuzzy Sets
• Linguistic
Variables
• Membership
Functions
• Fuzzy Logic
• Fuzzy OR 0 0
• Fuzzy AND .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
• Example
• Fuzzy Control
• Variables
• Rules
• Fuzzification
• Defuzzification
• Summary
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• Example
Fuzzy Control
• It depends on the weather.
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• Disjunction of Conjunctions
Variables
• Rules
• Fuzzification
• Defuzzification
• Summary
• Fuzzy Sets
• Linguistic
Variables
• Membership 0
Functions 10 30 50 70 90 110
• Fuzzy OR
• Fuzzy AND
• Example
• Fuzzy Control
• Variables
• Rules
• Fuzzification
• Defuzzification
• Summary
• Fuzzy Sets
• Linguistic
Variables
• Membership 0
Functions 10 30 50 70 90 110
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Fuzzy OR
Fuzzy AND
• Cover: {Sunny, Partly, Overcast}
• Example Sunny Partly Cloudy Overcast
1
• Fuzzy Control
• Variables
• Rules
• Fuzzification
• Defuzzification 0
• Summary 0 20 40 60 80 100
Cloud Cover (%)
• Membership
Functions
• Fuzzy Logic
• Fuzzy OR
• Fuzzy AND
0
• Example 0 25 50 75 100
• Fuzzy Control Speed (mph)
• Variables
• Rules
• Fuzzification
• Defuzzification
• Summary
• Fuzzy Sets
• Linguistic
Variables
• Membership 0
Functions 10 30 50 70 90 110
• Fuzzy OR
• Fuzzy AND
• Example
• Fuzzy Control
• Variables
• Rules
• Fuzzification
• Defuzzification
• Summary
• Fuzzy Sets
• Linguistic
Variables
• Membership 0
Functions 10 30 50 70 90 110
• Linguistic
Variables
• Membership
Functions
• Fuzzy Logic
0
• Fuzzy OR 0 25 50 75 100
• Fuzzy AND
Speed (mph)
• Example
• Fuzzy Control
• Variables
• Find centroids: Location where
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Rules
Fuzzification
membership is 100%
• Defuzzification
• Summary
• Linguistic
Variables
• Membership
Functions
• Fuzzy Logic
0
• Fuzzy OR 0 25 50 75 100
• Fuzzy AND
Speed (mph)
• Example
• Fuzzy Control
• Variables
• Find centroids: Location where
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•
Rules
Fuzzification
membership is 100%
• Defuzzification
• Summary
• Linguistic
Variables
• Membership
Functions
• Fuzzy Logic
0
• Fuzzy OR 0 25 50 75 100
• Fuzzy AND
Speed (mph)
• Example
• Fuzzy Control
• Variables
• Speed = weighted mean
• Rules
• Fuzzification = (2*25+...
• Defuzzification
• Summary
• Linguistic
Variables
• Membership
Functions
• Fuzzy Logic
0
• Fuzzy OR 0 25 50 75 100
• Fuzzy AND
Speed (mph)
• Example
• Fuzzy Control
• Variables
• Speed = weighted mean
• Rules
• Fuzzification = (2*25+7*75)/(9)
• Defuzzification
• Summary = 63.8 mph
2/9/2004 Fuzzy Logic 31
Notes: Follow-up Points
• References
• Introduction • Fuzzy Logic Control allows for the
• Crisp Variables
• Fuzzy Sets smooth interpolation between
• Linguistic variable centroids with relatively
Variables
• Membership few rules
Functions
• Fuzzy Logic
• Fuzzy OR • This does not work with crisp
• Fuzzy AND
• Example (traditional Boolean) logic
• Fuzzy Control
•
•
Variables
Rules
• Provides a natural way to model
•
•
Fuzzification
Defuzzification
some types of human expertise in a
• Summary computer program
2/9/2004 Fuzzy Logic 32
Notes: Drawbacks to Fuzzy logic
• References
• Introduction • Requires tuning of membership
• Crisp Variables
• Fuzzy Sets functions
• Linguistic
Variables • Fuzzy Logic control may not scale
• Membership
Functions well to large or complex problems
• Fuzzy Logic
• Fuzzy OR • Deals with imprecision, and
• Fuzzy AND
• Example vagueness, but not uncertainty
• Fuzzy Control
• Variables
• Rules
• Fuzzification
• Defuzzification
• Summary