MS2130 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS I

Home Work 6 – Semester I 2015-2016

Due on Monday, November 23, 2015 at 13.00 p.m.

Do all following problems then submit your answers to the Thermodynamic Lab. You have
to do this homework in your groups. Each tutorial group needs to submit one homework
solution. Do not forget to write all the group members’ names and identity numbers on
your homework solution.

1. Steam at 6 MPa and 500oC enters a two-stage adiabatic turbine at a rate of 15 kg/s. Ten
percent of the steam is extracted at the end of the first stage at a pressure of 1.2 MPa for
other use. The remainder of the steam is further expanded in the second stage and leaves
the turbine at 20 kPa. Determine the power output of the turbine for these cases, assuming
(a) the process is reversible, and (b) the turbine has an isentropic efficiency of 88 percent.

2. Liquid water at 200 kPa and 20oC is heated in a chamber by mixing it with superheated
steam at 200 kPa and 150oC. Liquid water enters the mixing chamber at a rate of 2.5 kg/s,
and the chamber is estimated to lose heat to the surrounding air at 25oC at a rate of 1200
kJ/min. If the mixture leaves the mixing chamber at 200 kPa and 60oC, determine (a) the
mass flow rate of the superheated steam and (b) the rate of entropy generation during this
mixing process.

3. Consider the turbocharger of an internal combustion engine. The exhaust gases enter the
turbine at 450oC at a rate of 0.02 kg/s and leave at 400oC. The turbine is utilized to power
an air compressor. Air enters the compressor at 70oC and 95 kPa at a rate of 0.018 kg/s
and leaves at 135 kPa. The mechanical efficiency between the turbine and the compressor
is 95 percent (5 percent of turbine work is lost during its transmission to the compressor).
Using air properties for the exhaust gases, determine (a) the air temperature at the
compressor exit and (b) the isentropic efficiency of the compressor.

4. Consider a steam power plant operates on a simple Rankine cycle and has a net power
output of 45 MW. Steam enters the turbine at 7 MPa and 500oC and is cooled in the
condenser at a pressure of 10 kPa by running cooling water from a lake through the tubes
of the condenser at a rate of 2000 kg/s. The water leaves the condenser as a saturated
liquid. Assume that isentropic efficiency of the pump and the turbine are 95 and 90
percent, respectively. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines,
and determine (a) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, (b) the mass flow rate of the steam,
and (c) the temperature rise of the cooling water.

5. A stasionary gas-turbine power plant operates on a simple Brayton cycle with air as the
working fluid. The air enters the compressor at 95 kPa and 290 K and the turbine at 760
kPa and 1100 K. Heat is transferred to air at a rate of 35,000 kJ/s. If isentropic efficiency
of the compressor and the turbine is 90 and 95 percent, respectively, determine the power
delivered by this plant and its energy efficiency for these two cases: (a) assuming constant
specific heats at room temperature, and (b) accounting for the variation of specific heats
with temperature.

6. An Ericsson power cycle consists of the following four sequential processes: isobaric
heating, isothermal expansion, isobaric cooling, and isothermal compression. Consider an
 ideal Ericsson cycle with air as the working fluid executed in a steady-flow system. Air is
at 27oC and 120 kPa at the beginning of the isothermal compression process, during
which 150 kJ/kg of heat is rejected. Heat transfer to air occurs at 1200 K during the
isothermal expansion process. Determine (a) the maximum pressure in the cycle, (b) the
net work output per unit mass of the air, and (c) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

7. Air is used as the working fluid in a simple Brayton cycle that has a pressure ratio of 12, a
compressor inlet temperature of 300 K, and a turbine inlet temperature of 1000 K.
Calculate the required mass flow rate of air for a net power output of 70 MW, assuming
standard air analysis and both the compressor and the turbine have isentropic efficiency
of (a) 100 percent, and (b) 87 percent.

8. A two-cylinder, four-stroke, 500 cc gasoline engine operates on the Otto cycle with a
compression ratio of 10. The air is at 100 kPa and 60oC at the beginning of the
compression process, and the maximum pressure in the cycle is 8 MPa. The compression
and expansion processes may be modeled as polytropic with a polytropic exponent of 1.3.
Using constant specific heats at 850 K, determine: (a) the temperature at the end of the
expansion process, (b) the net work output and the thermal efficiency, (c) the mean
effective pressure, and (d) the engine speed for a net power output of 12 kW.

9. A air-standard diesel engine has a compression ratio of 22 and uses air as the working
fluid. The state of air at the beginning of the compression process is 95 kPa and 20oC. If
the maximum temperature in the cycle is not to exceed 2300 K, do a cold air-standard
analysis to determine: (a) the thermal efficiency, and (b) the mean effective pressure of
the cycle.

10. Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator as superheated vapor at 0.14

MPa and -10oC at a rate of 0.12 kg/s, and it leaves at 0.7 MPa and 50oC. The refrigerant is
cooled in the condenser to 24oC and 0.65 MPa, and it throttled to 0.15 MPa. Disregarding
any heat transfer and pressure drops in the connecting lines between the components,
show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the
rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input to the compressor,
(b) the isentropic efficiency of the compressor, and (c) the COP of the refrigerator.

11. The liquid leaving the condenser of a 30 kW heat pump using refrigerant-134a as the
working fluid is subcooled by 5.4oC (i.e. is cooled down to 5.4oC below its saturated
temperature). The condenser operates at 1 MPa and the evaporator at 0.4 MPa. How does
this subcooling change the power required to drive the compressor as compared to an
ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle?

12. What is the effect on the compressor power requirement when the vapor entering the
compressor of problem no. 5 is 11.1oC above its saturated temperature and the condenser
operates ideally?

Good Luck in Your Study