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;b:ox? kbd /fO{, cf]dk|sfz k'g, ljs, s]lk sfˆn], ;f}uft lji6, clgn pBf]udf cfuhgL u/]sf] eGg] jf/bftdf
pdf e'hn ] , df]xg sfsL{, s[i0f wdnf 7fs'/, clht k'g, u+ufyfkf Gof}kfg], cg';Gwfgsf] nflu kqmfp u/L cg';Gwfg
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o nufot ;of}F g]tf– 5ljnfn ljs, of]uG] b| yfkf, cflzif Go'/,] txlssft e}/fv]sf] cj:yfdf o;
sfo{stf{x?nfO{ tTsfn l/xf ug{ sdfgl;+x /f]sf du/, cgGt ltjf/L, cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] @)&% ;fnsf]
;/sf/nfO{ cfXjfg ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . afa'/fd t'Dafkf], k|sfz a:ofn . l/6 g+= )&%–wh–))!* sf] aGbL
@_ ;/sf/ tyf k| z f;gsf k|oIfLs/0fsf] d'2fdf ldlt @)&%–%–!*
lhDd]jf/ sf] xf]nf < C0fdf lnPsf] k};f
o;/L jjf{b kf/]sf] b]Vbf g]kfnL hgtfsf]
d'6' b'Mv]sf] 5 . Pp6f af6f] lgdf{0f ug{
yfn]sf] dlxgf} lalt;Sbf 6'ªu\ f] nufpg
;s]sf] b]lvPgg\ . /]vb]v ug{] afF8kmfF8
u/]/ df}g a;]sf 5g\ . oxL xf] nf]stGq <
ufpFdf l;+xb/jf/ ag]sf] oxL xf] <
nf]stGqsf] ckh oxL xf] <
Pp6f ;fgf] d'ns ' df ;ft k|bz
] ag]sf]
5 . Pp6f k|bz
k'us
] sf nflu rflxPsf] hg;+Vof
] f] 5}g . Pp6f k|bz ] rnfpg ;/sf/;Fu
x'tL 5}g . t/, gf6sLo ¿kdf oL o:tf
a]lyltx¿ b]zdf b]lvPsf] 5 . tna, eQf
uf8L, lgjf;, ljb]z hfg] vr{sf] gfddf
hgk|ltlglwx¿ tyf bh{gf}F dGqLx¿,
;f+;b\x¿ s]Gb| / k|bz ] x¿df /flvPsf] 5 .
ufOhfqf xfd|f] b]zdf b]lvPsf] 5 . w]/}
dGqL / ;f+;b\x¿ 5g\ . ;/sf/L /hfOFdf
ltgLx¿ d:t 5g\ . b]zsf] ljsf; /
hgtfsf] ul/aL;Fu pgLx¿sf] s'g} ;DaGw
5}g . sdfOsf] kvf{Odf dfq ltgLx¿
a;]sf 5g\ . b]zsf] a]lyltaf6 xfdL lgofNg]
xf] < htfaf6 klg xfdL x]g{ ;S5f}F . ;jf/L
;fwgdf r9\bf hyfefjL ef8f dfU5g\,
glbP a]OHht u5{g\ . stfsf nflu uf8Ldf
r9fP/ dfU5g\, k};f y'T5g\ / af6}df
cnkq 5f]85\ g\ . ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ u'gf;f]
ubf{ pN6} y'lglbg] eg]/ ufnL u5{g\ .
hgtfnfO{ s'g} ;xof]u lbg] kIfdf ;/sf/
5}g . ljBfno / sn]hdf cfk"m v';L df]6f]
/sd c;'Ng] u/]sf 5g\ . ljleGg ljifodf
ljBfyL{;uF k};f p7fpg] u/]sf] :ki6 b]Vbf–
b]Vb} klg lhDd]jf/ lgsfo af]Nb}gg\ .
t/sf/L ahf/ hfg';\ dgnfuL efpdf
ut] y'gfaf6 5f8L lbg' eGg] cfb]z
ePnuQ} o; cbfntsf] d'Vo /lh:6«f/sf]
/f]xj/df lghx?nfO{ 5fl8Psf] b]lvG5 .
lgh aGbLåo s[i0fk|;fb wdnf /
df]xgaxfb'/ sfsL{ cfb]z cg';f/ o;
cbfntsf] ldlt @)&%–%–!* sf]
cfb]zn] y'gfaf6 5'6s ] f] nuQ} lghx?nfO{
/fdaxfb'/ lh=;L ;d]tsf] hfx]/Ln] lhNnf
g'jfsf]6 j]nsf]6 u9L, gu/kfnLsf (
gnuf9 l:yt lhlnª hf]8g\ ] d"n ;8sdf
lbge/ sfd ;DkGg eP kZrft kfls{Ë
u/L /fv]sf] af=@ s $*!( / af ! s
^*** g+= sf] :sfe]6/nfO{ cfuf] nufPsf]
eGg] d'2fdf ;f]xL lbg g} kqmfp u/L P]=
!( ut]sf] y'gj' f k"hL{ lbPsf] b]lvG5 .
lghx?nfO{ pQm ldlt @)&%m:–%–!*
ut] kqmfp u/L P]= !( ut] kqmfp k"hL{
lbPkl5 lghx?nfO{ pQm /fdafa' lh=;L=
;d]tsf] hfx]/Ln] oL aGbLx? ;d]t k|ltjfbL
ePsf] :sfe]6/df cfuhgL u/]sf] d'2fdf
lhNnf k|x/L sfo{no, g'jfsf]6 r= g+= $#(
ldlt @)&%–%–!( sf] kqn] ldlt @)&%–
%– !( af6 nfu' x'g] u/L & -;ft_ lbg
y'gfdf /fVg Dofb yk dfu ePsf]df g'jfsf]6
lhNnf cbfntaf6 ;f]xL ldltdf lbg # -
tLg_ / ldlt @)&%–%–@@ ut] # -tLg_
Dofb yk ePsf] b]lvG5 . pQm jf/bftsf]
;DaGwdf gfufh'g{ sG6«S;g sDkgLsf]
tkm{af6 k|ltlglw 8fO/]S6/ /fdafa' hL=;L=n]
ldlt @)&%–$–* ut] lbPsf] hfx]/Ldf s'g}
k|ltjfbLx?sf] gfd ls6fgL u/L pNn]v ePsf]
5}g . ;f]sf] nuQ} k|ltj]bs k|x/L ;xfos
t/sf/L kmnk"mn a]R5g\ . 36L hf]V5g\,
af]Nof] eg] ufnL u5{g\ . k|zf;g x]//]
a:5g\ . nf]stGq eg]sf] n'6tGq xf] . o;df
x/]snfO{ n'6g\ ,] y'Tg], 7Ug], a]OHht ug{,]
xTof ug{] 5'6 /x]sf] 5 . sfg'gL sf/jfxL
s;}nfO{ ul/Fbg} . wd{–sd{ ;a} lalu|of] .
h;n] h] ubf{ eof] . g]kfn s[lif k|wfg b]z
eg]/ lstfadf n]lvPsf] 5 . oL s'/f
ca ;kgfem}+ aGg k'us ] f] 5 . s[lifnfO{
;kfg{] Joj:yf ;/sf/n] ub{g} . v]tL of]Uo
hldg / af/L ;a} dn / l;+rfOsf]
Joj:yfsf] cefjn] afFemf] aGb}5 .
;/sf/nfO{ s'g} dtna 5}g . o;sf] d'Vo
h8 s] xf] eg] b]z /]ld6fG;sf] /sd /
ljb]zLn] lbPsf] eLv jf C0fsf] /sdaf6
/hfO{ ug{ kNs]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L lgsfodf
a;]sf ;a}n] k};f n'6g\ a;]sf 5g\ . unt–
abdf; / 7unfO{ kfn]/ /fv]sf 5g\,
;/sf/n] . ltgLx¿ htfaf6 eP k};f
;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ a'emfpF5g\ . To;sf]
jfkt ltgnfO{ 5'6 lbOPsf] x'G5 . lxGb'
/fi6« g]kfn eg]/ g]kfn ;+;f/el/ lrlgGYof] .
t/, nf]stGqsf ;/sf/n] o'/f]lkog
o'lgogaf6 8n/ vfP/ b]znfO{ wd{lg/k]If
agfof] . b]z / hgtfnfO{ sf}8Lsf] efpdf
a]Rof] . hgtf b'Mv kL8faf6 56\k6\ofpFb}
5g\ . otf ;/sf/ eg] /hfO u/]/ a;]sf
5g\ . nf]stGqn] pAhfPsf s'/f log} x'g\ .
cfdg]kfnL hgtf kxf8sf] eP klg
dw]zsf] eP klg b'MvL 5g\ . g]tT[ j ug{]
g]tfn] 7u], em'SofP / hfndf km;fP .
;a} g]tfx¿ Ps} 6]an' df a:5g\, lrof–
ljo/ ;Fu;Fu} vfG5g\ / hgtfdfly y's/]
a:5g\ . sxfF uP dw]zL, yf¿, hghfltsf
lg/LIfs wgGho ld>fn] ldlt @)&%–$–
( ut] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgdf oL aGbLx?sf]
;+u7g / ;f]sf] k|dv ' x?sf] lgb]z{ gdf
lhNnfdf ;+rflnt of]hgfx?af6 rGbf dfUg]
/ glbPdf of]hgfsf d]lzgx? hnfpg]
nufotsf wDsLx? lbg] u/]sf]df lghx?s}
lgb]z { gdf cfuhgLsf] sfo{ ePsf] egL
pNn]v 5 .
o; k[i7e"ldsf x]bf{, lgj]bsx? v'nf
/fhgLlts g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ cnu
;d"xdf ;+nUg /x]sf] b]lvg cfpF5 . o;}
cfwf/df lgj] b sn] cfk" m x?nfO{
/fhgLlts k"jf{ux| / k|jQ[ wf/0ff /fvL
cfk"mx? ;+nUg g} gePsf] jf/bftsf]
em'7f d'2f l;h{gf u/L d'2f nufPsf] eGg]
lgj]bsx?sf] lhls/ /x]sf] 5 . s'g} klg
/fhgLlts kf6L{ / ;f]sf sfo{stf{n] 8/,
qf; / bafaaf6 rGbf dfUg], c;'n ug]{
/ glbPdf pgLx?sf] wghg Pj+
;DklQnfO{ cf3ft kfg]{ sfo{nfO{ sfg'gn]
cg'dlt glbPsf] x'bF f To:tf sfo{ Pj+
j:t'ut s;'/lj?4sf] cf/f]k tYo Pj+
j:t'ut cfwf/df eO{ k'li6 x'gk' b{5 eg]
csf]t{ km{ s'g} j:t'ut cfwf/lag} ;+ljwfg
adf]lhd /fhgLlts ultljlw ;+rfng
u/]sf /fhgLlts kf6L{sf sfo{stf{nfO{
/fhgLlts k|ltzf]wsf] cfwf/df k|jQ[
wf/0ff /fvL k"jf{ux| L eO{ kmf}hbf/L Pj+
/fHolj?4sf d'2fx? nufO/xg plrt
x'bF g} .
lgj]bsx?nfO{ log} ki7e"ldaf6
nufOPsf] pko{Q' m d'2f?df y'gfdf /fVg
d'2f < hgtfn] s]sf nflu alnbfg lbPsf
lyP < ;a} s'/f ca yGsfOof] . tL s'/f /
jfrfx¿ ca ltgLx¿n] la;{] . o;
cj:yfdf ca g]kfnL hgtfn] s] ug{]
t < s] o;} lklN;P/ dg{] xf] <
hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] bDe ;x]/ al;/xg]
xf] < oL k|Zgx¿ ca xfd|f] cufl8 5 .
hgtfsf b'O{ ljsNk dfq 5g\ . Ps
;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ Pp6f ;do lbP/
;a} ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{] clN6d]6d lbg] .
;'wf/ u5{g\ ls eg]/ kv{/] a:g' k¥of] of
t csf{] ljsNk ;/sf/L lgsfodf a;]/
hgk|ltlglw jf sd{rf/L ;a}nfO{ nv]6g\ ]
jftfj/0f agfpg' k¥of] . o;sf nflu
Pp6f ;+oGq agfpg' cfjZos 5 . lxGb'
/fi6«sf] gfddf Psh'6 x'g] jftfj/0f
;lhnf] 5 . lxGb' /fi6« k'gM 3f]if0ff u/
xf]Og eg] o;sf] lj¿ådf hgcfGbf]ng
g} ug'k{ b{5 . lxGb' /fi6« agfpg g]kfndf
a;f]af; ug{] d'l:nd ;d'bfonfO{ klg
a]kmfObf 5}g . o; ljifodf d'l:ndx¿
klg Psh'6 x'g' kb{5 . xfd|f] vt/f eg]sf]
O;fO wd{ g} xf] . o;sf] lj¿å xfdL lxGb'
/ d'l:nd Psj4 x'g' kb{5 . g]kfndf
lxGb'nfO{ d'l:nd agfPsf] jf d'l:ndnfO{
lxGb' agfPsf] Pp6f pbfx/0f 5}g t/
k};fsf] nf]edf O;fO aGg] wd{ kl/jt{g
ug{] w]/} 5g\ . To;}n] xfdL ;/sf/sf]
lj¿4df xfdL Psh'6 eP/ ;8sdf
plqg' cfjZos 5 . hgcfGbf]ngdf le8\g'
cfjZos 5 . -n]vs M g]kfn nf]stfGqLs
kf6L{ pkfWoIf_
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lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no g'jfsf]6n] Dofb
dfu]sf] / >L g'jfsf]6 lhNnf cbfntn]
Dofb yk ug{s ' f] sf/0f / cfwf/ klg
:ki6 Pj+ kof{Kt dfqfdf v'ns ] f] kfOFbg} .
/fhgLlts k[i7e"ldsf JolQmx?nfO{
kmf}hbf/L s;'/sf] cleof]udf cg';Gwfg
ug{ y'gfdf /fVgsf] nflu kof{Kt cfwf/
/ sf/0f j:t'lgi7 ?kdfg} b]lvg h?/L
x'g hfG5 . lgj]bsx?nfO{ kqmfp
ubf{v/] Lsf] k[i7e"ldb]lv y'gfdf /fVg]
Dofb yksf] cj:yf;Dd kof{Kt cfwf/
/ sf/0fx? :ki6 ?kdf g} v'ns ] f]
gb]lvPsf] lghx?nfO{ k|jQ[ wf/0ff Pj+
/fhgLlts k"jf{u|xsf] cfwf/df g}
kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf] dfWodaf6 lghx?nfO{
kqmg] / y'gfdf /fVg] z[v + nfa4 o'Qm
sfo{ u/]sf] b]lvFbf o:tf] k[i7 e"ld /
k|sl[ tsf] sfd sf/jfxL / ;f] cfwf/df
lghx?nfO{ /flvPsf] y' g fnfO{
sfg'g;Ddt dfGg gb]lvFbf lghx?
u}/sfg'gL y'gfdf g} /x]sf] b]lvg cfof] .
ctM lgj]bsx?nfO{ u}/sfg'gL y'gfdf
/fv]sf] b]lvFbf lgj]bsx? df]xgaxfb'/
sfsL{ / s[i0fk|;fb wdnfnfO{ pQm
u}/sfg'gL y'gfaf6 o; cbfntsf d'Vo
/lhi6«f/sf] /f]xa/df cfh} y'gfaf6 5f8L
;f]sf] lg:;f ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' . k|:t't
l/6 lgj]bgsf] cfb]zsf] k"0f{kf7 tof/
ug{ ;do nfUg] x'bF f of] ;+lIfKt cfb]z
hf/L u/LlbPsf] 5 .
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ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ ===== .
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s0ff{nL c~rn sflnsf]6 lhNnfsf]
dfNsf]6 uflj;df hlGdPsf Ps ul/a
ls;fgsf 5f]/f x'g\ . Tolt dfq xf]Og,
k|sf08 /fHoåf/f ckx]lnt / lje]b
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Ps d]xgtL, nugzLn / OdfGbf/
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ug]{ JolQm eP/} ufpFd} cys d]xgt
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u/]sf lyP . d]xgtL / nugzLntfs}
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hflu/] x'ge' Psf] lyof] . t/ To;a]nfsf
7"nf egfpFbf dflyNnf] hflt egfpFbf
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lbPgg\ . clg ufpF d f 7s' / L
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k|sf/sf xTof, anfTsf/, 5'jf5't
nufotsf h3Go ck/fw z[+vnf
yf]k/] . blnt ;d'bfodfly u/]sf]
cGofo, cTofrf/, zf]if0f, bdg, lje]b
pxfFnfO{ kfRo ePg . ;fob k9]nv ] s] }
x'gfn] pxfFn] klxn]bl] v g} blnt tyf
;du| gful/sdfly x'g,] dlxnfdfly
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ub}{ cfpg'eof] . To:tf] s'/f pxfFn] ;xg
;Sg'ePg . To;kl5 cfk"mnfO{ lg/Gt/
kl/jt{gdf nfu]/ ;dfh ?kdGt/0fsf
cleofgdf vl6g'eof] . cleofgdf
;l/s eP;Fu} :yfoL hflu/nfO{
lgnf~hnL lbg'eof] . hful/ 5f8]/
ul/aL, blnt, dlxnf–afnaflnsf /
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pEofpg'eof] . To;lglDt lg/Gt/
;
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k|r08 / afbn cfh hgo'4sf ltg}
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xTs8L nufpg] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .
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e§/fO{x? cfh sfo/df ?kfl/t ePsf
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cfwf/ Onfsf /f]Nkf, ?s'd / ljz]if
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sfnfkfgL / ;':tf ef/tnfO{ a'emfpg] if8\oGq Û
xfdL b]zb|f]xL bnfnx?n] afF8\g]
kbsdf ax; ul//x]sf 5f},+ pgLx?n]
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sfdsf] ozf] u fg ufO{ / x] s f 5f} + ,
pgLx?n] b]znfO{ ;fd|fHojfbL ;}Go
rqmAo'xleq xfNg] v]n v]ln/x]sf 5g\ .
xfdLn]gful/skgfaf6 tn lu/]/
bnsf] emf]nf af]ls/x]sf 5f},+ pgLx?n]
b]znfO{ ef/tLos/0f ug]{ gful/stf
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b} l gs ?kdf ;txdf cfpg]
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hlGdPsf lhNnf sflnsf] 6 af6
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;Qfsf dflns ePsf 5g\ .
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d pgLx?nfO{ :d/0f u/fpg
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lbPsf] cfZj;gnfO{ ;xL dfgL Hofg–
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6fpsfsf] d"No tf]Sg] b'Zdg tTsfngL
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b'Zdgaf6 arfpg sof} lbg;Dd 3/df
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eGg] ltdL k|r08–afbn g} x'g\ .
clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu cfjZos k/]df
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cem} tfhf 5 . ltdLx? sf] x L
k|wfgdGqL, sf]xL u[xdGqL eof} xf]nf .
t/ s0ff{nLsf hgtfsf ;d:of /
hgo'4n] b]vfPsf] nIo Ho'Fsf To"F
5g\ . b]zdf ;d:of p:t} 5g\ .
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ljsNk 5}g . To;sf/0f b]zdf qmflGt
;DkGg ug{s ' f] klg ljsNk 5}g . of]
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/fd|/L a'em]sf 5g\ .
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clwsf/;lxtsf] /fHo;Qf :yfkgf u5{
eGg]df xfdLnfO{ ljZjf; nfu]sf] 5}g .
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qmflGtdf 5g\ . To;sf/0f qmflGtsf]
cfjfh p7fpg] k|sf08 ck/fwL xf]Ogg\
ls qmflGt / kl/jt{gnfO{ /f]Sg] ltdLx?
rflx+ dxfck/fwL xf} .
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k|sf08 sfo/ / :jfyL{ x'g ;Sb}gg\ .
b]z / k5fl8 kfl/Psf s0ff{nLsf]
blntsf] dlxnfsf] clwsf/sf lglDt
cfˆgf kfF r j6} efO{ hgo' 4 df
kl/jt{gsf nflu xf]ldPsf lyP .
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hgo'4df ;lxb eP . ltdLx?n]
;lxbsf] ;Ddfg ug{ ;s]gf}F . t}klg
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cfGbf]ngsf nflu/x]sf sd{7, ;fxf;L
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;do cfof] – sfnfkfgL If]q / ;':tfsf]
s]xL efu Ol08ofnfO{ a'emfP/ slyt
;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ k|k~r klxNo}
b] l v e} / x] s f] 5 . b] z a] R g]
ck/flwx¿nfO{ afFsL /fVg' x'Gg . o:tf
ck/fwLx¿;+u ef}lts ¿kd}+ jf/kf/
ug]{ kIfdf pleg ;lsPg eg] xfdL
klg gful/sx¿sf] s'g} cy{ /xGg .
b]z a]Rg] dflg; g} ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
ck/flw xf] . o:tfnfO{ Ho"bF f] 5f]8s
] f]
Oltxf; st} 5}g .
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if8oGqx¿ oL x'g ;S5g\–
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u7aGwgdf xfn]/ zq'tf a9fpg] .
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h:tf wf]s]afh / 9fF6'jf xf]Ogg\
k|sf08 . cfh pxfFnfO{ nufOPsf]
xTs8L t'?Gt} vfnL u/ afbn Û of]
sflnsf]6af;Lsf] gd| cfu|x xf] . pxfF
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y' g fd' Q m ug{ cfb] z lbP nuQ}
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oftgf / em'7f d'2f lbof} . lx;falstfa
t /fd|;} uF /fv]s} xf]nf} .
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lstfa ltdLx?;Fu cjZo ug]{ eg]/}
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;fx;L / …axfb'/LÚ 7fGof} xf}nf . bnfn
k'h
F Lkltx?sf akmfbf/L aGof} xf}nf .
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s'/f eP . xfd|f] b'u{d / kxf8sf
ufpF3/df slt 5f}+ Tof] xfd|f] s'/f eof] .
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:jfut ug{, cla/–dfnf klx/fpg
cft'/ 5f}+ . To;f] xf]Og eg] klg s'g}
cGo tl/sfaf6 :jfut ug{ xfdL
tof/Ld} 5f}+ . ;do ldnfO{ jf gldnfO{
hltv]/ cfP klg cfpm, t/ cfpm .
ltdLx?;Fu plrt ;dodf plrt
d"Nodf ;xL lx;fa–lstfa ug]5 { f}+ .
cGTodf Oltxf;nfO{ a'em]/, eljionfO{
;Dem]/ hglk|o g]tf k|sf08nfO{
;Ddfgk"js { l/xf ug{ Psk6s k'gM
dfu ub{5' .
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lad:6]s g} pko'Qm /x]sf] k|rf/ ug{
yfln;s]sf 5g\ .
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ck/flwx¿nfO{ k| o f] u u/] /
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xfdLnfO{ 5fl8lbg';\ xh'/ ;a} x'G5
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s'/fsfgL u5{g\ . cbfntsf] u]6af6} km]l/ r'+7f] k6s kqmfp k5{g k|sf08 .
g'jfsf]6 lhNnf cbfnt lg/Lx ag]/ df}g al;/xG5 . cfk"mnfO{ v/f] nf]stflGqs
eGg] slyt jfDkkGyLx¿ b'O–{ ltxfO{ ax'dt;lxt ;Qf;Lg 5g\ . ;Qf;LgdWo]
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bnfn /fHo:tfsf la?4 n8]sf k|sf08nfO{ k6s k6s lu/ˆtf/ u5{gl:\ .
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dfly cf}+nf] 7l8g] ePg / <
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ubf{ of]Uotf, bIftf / cWoogsf ;l6{lkms]6 gx]g]{, v'? v'? /fhgLlts
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] L GofofwLz eP/ sfd u/]sf] JolQmnfO{
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/fhgLlts sf]6fdf Gofoflwz lgo'lQm u/]/ :jtGq Gofokflnsf sbflk
:yfkgf x'g ;Sb}g . Gofokflnsf :jtGq gx'g] xf] eg] Gofo d5{ . Gofo
d/]sf] b]zdf sf]xL klg gful/s ;'v / cdg rogsf ;fy afFRg ;Sb}gg\ .
To;}n] jt{dfg GofokflnsfnfO{ z'l4s/0f / ;'b9[ Ls/0f u/]/ ;Dej b]lvb}g .
o;df /fhgLlts 5fk k/]sf] cg'et" x'g yfn]sf] 5 . To;dfly klg g]kfnsf]
Gofo k|0ffnL l9nf], ;':t / dxFuf] 5 . of] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'FreGbf aflx/
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Gofofnodf /x]sf] e|:6frf/ / clgoldttfn] Goflos lg?k0fdf a]lylt
;[hgf e}/x]sf] ;fj{hlgs cleJolQm cfO/x]sf 5g\ . Gofo If]qdf /x]sf]
bnfntGqn] ;j{;fwf/0f jfSs lbSs 5g\ .
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cflbnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . To;f] t ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] cjz]ifsf ?kdf /x]sf
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c;fGwle{s /xG5 . :jtGq Gofokflnsf sdhf]/ /x]sf a]nf :yfgLo :t/df
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hgcbfnt a9L k|efjsf/L x'g] b]lvG5 . h;n] l56f], 5l/tf], lbuf], ;'ne /
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gfddf h;/L klg ldnfpg] eGg] gLlt ckgfof] eg] o;n] ;j{;fwf/0fdf
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klg tTsfn ;lqmo x'g ;s] kLl8t hgtfn] Gofosf nflu ljsNksf] vf]hL
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h'g ;a}n] vf]tNg cfaZos 5 . o;df ljåfg, sfg'gsf 1ftf / cg'ejLx?n]
d'v vf]Ng] a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
l9nf] Gofo lbg' klg cGofo ug{' xf] .
sfo{Gjog gx'g] Gofofnosf] km};nfsf] cy{ 5}g .
k};fn] Gofo lsGg] kl/l:ylt ;[hgf x'g' b'Mvb xf] .
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kf6L{sf] cf8df /fi6«sf] c/af}+ k'us ] f] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g]skf_ n] ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j ul//x]sf] 5 . To;}n] ;DklQsf cToGt} nf]eL 5g\ . sxfFaf6
dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb /fVb}df sDo'lgi6 cf]nL g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/nfO{{ bnfn ;/sf/ wg k};f cfpF5 pt} pt} bf}l8G5g\ .
v/af}+ ;DklQ dfly a|Xdn'6 dflgb}g . To;df klg p;n] …hgtfsf] elgPsf] xf] . of] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;/sf/ o; kf6L{ g]tf sfo{stf{x?sf] ;DaGw /
ax' b nLo hgjfbÚ nfO{ { kf6L{ s f] xf] . of] bnfn ;/sf/ k|ltlqmofjfbL n]gb]g t:s/x?;Fu, e|i6rf/Lx?;Fu,
dRrfO/x] s f 5g\ . lghL ufO8nfO{gsf ?kdf /fVg k'us ] f] 5 . ;/sf/ ePs} sf/0fn] qmflGtsf/L sfnfahf/Lofx?;Fu,
;DklQsf cToGt} nf]eL hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfb bfz{lgs sDo'lgi6x? dfly eLif0f bdgrqm sdLzgvf] / x?;F u , z} l Ifs
?kn] ax'njfbL l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t rnfO{/x]sf] 5 . of] kf6L{ / o;sf] ;/sf/ dflkmofx?;Fu, d]gkfj/sf bnfnx?;Fu,
5g\ . sxfF a f6 wg k} ; f ljrf/ z[v + nf xf] . of] ;+;bjfbL Pj+ g]kfnsf bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL k'h F Lklt e|i6 7]sb] f/x?;Fu sfod ub}{ cfPsf
k'h
F LjfbL ljrf/wf/f xf] . hahn] k|:6} ju{ / ;dfGt ju{sf] lgb]{zg / 5g\ . o; kf6L{sf g]tf, sfo{stf{x?n]
cfpF 5 pt} pt} bf} l 8G5g\ . ?kdf eg] s f] ax' d tsf] ;/sf/, v6gk6gdf rNg] ePsf]n] g]kfnL hgtf lghL :s' n , lghL sn] h x?,
o; kf6L{ g]tf sfo{stf{x?sf] cNkdgsf] k|ltkIff . of] ;+;bjfbL dfly r/d pTkL8g bdg / zf]if0f xfO8«fk] fj/x?, a}Íx? htftt}, hxfF–
k'hF LjfbL ljrf/wf/f xf] . of] ;Rrf ul//x]sf] 5 . d"No j[l4 u/fPsf] 5 . hxfF cj;/ ldN5, ToxfF–ToxfF s/f]8f}s + f]
;DaGw / n]gb]g sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf] dfu{bz{g l;4fGt hgtf dfly rsf]{ s/ c;'nL ul//x]sf] z]o/wgL ag]sf 5g\ . 7"nf–7"nf sn]h
geP/ k' F h LjfbL ;+ ; bjfbLx?sf] 5 . cefj tyf j]/f]huf/L ;d:of tyf lghL c:ktfnsf ;~rfns ag]sf
t:s/x?;Fu, e|i6rf/Lx?;Fu, sfnfahf/Lofx?;Fu, dfu{fbz{g l;4fGt xf] . Pdfn]n] klxn]bl] v a9fPsf] 5 . czflGt dRrfO/x]sf] 5 . 5g\ . 7]Ssfk§f pgLx?s} xftdf 5 .
sdLzgvf]/x?;Fu, z}lIfs dflkmofx?;Fu, d]gkfj/sf g} ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{{ :jLsf/]/ cfPsf] hgtfdfly efF8e}nf] dRrfPsf] 5 . of] /fhwfgLnufot 7" n f zx/x?df
xf] eg] Pdfcf]jfbL x'b} dfs]n] klg ;+;bLo o;sf] jf:tljs rl/q xf] . pgLx?s} cflnfg dxnx? ag]sf 5g\ .
bnfnx?;Fu, e|i6 7]s]bf/x?;Fu sfod ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . o; Joj:yfnfO{{ cfTd;ft ub}{ k|ltlqmofjfbL gfd sDo'lgi6sf] lbPsf] 5 . gf/f cfˆgf gftfuf] t f, 3/kl/jf/sf
;+ljwfg agfP/ ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{{ ;dfhjfbfsf] lbg klg k5fl8 k/]sf] dfG5]x?nfO{{ :yfgLo lgsfox?df,
kf6L{sf g]tf, sfo{stf{x?n] lghL :s'n, lghL sn]hx?, alnof] agfpFb} n}hfg] gLlt, l;4fGt / 5}g . t/, sfd / Jojxf/ eg] k'h F Lklt ;+;bdf etL{ u/]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo tx,
xfO8«f]kfj/x?, a}Íx? htftt}, hxfF–hxfF cj;/ ldN5, ToxfF– ljrf/df ;xdt eO;s]kl5 Pdfn]df ju{sf] ul//x]sf] 5 . ;fdGt ju{sf] k/b]z ;efx?, ;+3Lo ;+;b, /fli6«o
ljno x'g k'us ] f] xf] . ul//x]sf] 5 . oL ;a} sf/0fx?n] s] ;efdf cfˆgf] b/;GtfgnfO{,{ cfˆgf]
ToxfF s/f]8f}+sf] z]o/wgL ag]sf 5g\ . 7"nf–7"nf sn]h tyf lghL To;}n] dfn]dfjfbnfO{{ kl/Tofu k'li6 ub{5 } g\ eg] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ sfo{stf{x?nfO{{ etL{ u/]/ bfgfkfgL h'6fO{
u/]/, ;j{xf/fju{nfO{{ kl/Tofu u/]/, -g]skf_ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ xf]Og . bnfn lbg] ynf] agfO/x]sf 5g\ . b]z ljb]zdf
c:ktfnsf ;~rfns ag]sf 5g\ . 7]Ssfk§f pgLx?s} xftdf 5 . g]kfnL qmflGtk|lt u2f/L ub},{ g]kfnL kf6L{ xf] . o;n] hgtfsf] aLrdf uP/ c/af}s + f] /fli6«o ;DklQ log}n]
/fhwfgLnufot 7"nf zx/x?df pgLx?s} cflnfg dxnx? ag]sf hgtfnfO{{ wf]sf lbFb} P]ltxfl;s emfkf sDo'lgi6 ePsf] Jofks e|d l;h{gf e|i6rf/ u/]sf 5g\ . o; k|sf/sf
ljb|fx] sf euf}8f Pdfn]x? / dxfg\ bz u/]/ r'gfjaf6 w]/} dt klg NofPsf] cg}lts, rl/qxLg, e|i6rf/L g]tf
5g\ . cfˆgf gftfuf]tf, 3/kl/jf/sf dfG5]x?nfO{{ :yfgLo jif]{ hgo'4sf euf}8f dfs]x? Ps 5 . sDo'lgi6 ;/sf/ agfPsf] eg]/ sfo{stf{ ePsf] kf6L{ b'lgofFdf sxLF klg
csf]d{ f ljnk eP/ ag]sf] of] lvr8L 7"nf] e|d klg 5l//x]sf] 5 / hgtfnfO{{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ x'bF g} . oxfF d}n] w]/} n]vL
lgsfox?df, ;+;bdf etL{ u/]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo tx, k/b]z gfdsf] kf6L{ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ - 9fF6b} / em'SofpFb} klg cfPsf] 5 . ca /xg kb}g{ , oL d}n] eg]sf ;a} s'/fx?
;efx?, ;+3Lo ;+;b, /fli6«o ;efdf cfˆgf] b/;GtfgnfO{{, g]skf_ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ geP/ ;f];n g]kfnL hgtf o;sf] e"ne"nOofFsf] kl5 lbgsf 3fd h:t} g]kfnL hgtfx?n]
8]df]qm]l6s kf6L{sf ?kdf, a'h'jf nfUg' x'bg} . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ - 5n{Ë b]lv;s]sf 5g\ . o:tf] kf6L{nfO{{
cfˆgf] sfo{stf{x?nfO{{ etL{ u/]/ bfgfkfgL h'6fO{ lbg] ynf] kf6L{sf] ?kdf kl/0ft eO;s]sf] 3f]/ g]skf_ sDo'lgi6 x'g' t w]/} k/sf] s'/f sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ eGg' d"vt{ fafx]s c?
;+;bjfbL kf6L{ xf] . clxn] of] kf6L{;uF xf] of] jfdkGyL;Dd klg xf]Og, oxL s]xL klg x'bF g} .
agfO/x]sf 5g\ . b]z ljb]zdf uP/ c/af}+sf] /fli6«o ;DklQ log}n] sDo'lgi6sf] s'g}, ;fOgf] / gfd tYonfO{{ g]kfnL hgtfn] a'‰g / hfGg oL dflysf tYox?af6 of] k|dfl0ft
e|i6rf/ u/]sf 5g\ . o; k|sf/sf cg}lts, rl/qxLg, e|i6rf/L lgzfgf;Dd 5}g . To;f] eP/ clxn] h?/L 5 . x'G5 ls g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g]skf_
of] s'g} ju{sf] /fhgLlts k|ltgLlwTj sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ g]tf sfo{stf{åf/f sDo'lgi6sf] vf]n cf]9]sf] gSsnL
g]tf sfo{stf{ ePsf] kf6L{ b'lgofFdf sxLF klg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ x'Fb}g . ug]{ kf6L{ klg xf]Og lsgeg] o;n] ;~rflnt x' G 5 . To;sf g] t f sDo'lgi6 xf] / o;;Fu b'lgofFsf ;fd'
;j{xf/f ju{nfO{{ 5f]8/] cfO;s]sf] 5 . sfo{stf{x? ;j{xf/f juL{o b[li6sf]0f / e|d l;h{gf ug{ afx]s csf]{ ljsNk 5}g .
oxfF d}n] w]/} n]vL /xg kb}{g, oL d}n] eg]sf ;a} s'/fx? lbgsf 3fd
h:t} g]kfnL hgtfx?n] 5n{Ë b]lv;s]sf 5g\ . o:tf] kf6L{nfO{{
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ eGg' d"v{tfafx]s c? s]xL klg x'Fb}g .
nfu"cf}ifw ;]jgn] dflg;sf] zf/Ll/s /
sfo{lbzf tyf sfo{qmd / qmflGtsf/L eO;s]sfn] p;n] ;'?df c08/nfO{{ nflu p;n] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb– dfgl;s :jf:Yo lau|G5, wg ;Dkltsf] jjf{b
Jojxf/n] dfq lgwf{/0f ub{5 . cfh g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ /fVof] . Tof] gfd dfcf]jfbnfO{{ cfˆgf] kyk|bz{g ug]{
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g]skf_ hf] 8Aan
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] gfd /fv]sf] 5 /
u/]sf] kf6L{nfO{{ klg lgjf{rg cfof]un]
btf{ gul/ lbPkl5 a|fs]6 g]kfn
dfu{bz{g l;4fGtsf] ?kdf c+lusf/
u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . h:tf] ls cfh
ub{5, o;sf] k|of]uaf6 cfk"m, kl/jf/, ;dfh /
cfk"mnfO{{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ePsf] xNnf
dRofO/x]sf] 5 . sf]i6 aflx/ / sf]i6
leq klg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] gfd /fVb}df
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ cyf{t g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ -g]skf_ gfd /fv]/ lgjf{rg
cfof]un] bn btf{ ul/lbPsf] 5 .
dfS;{jfbn] klxnf] r/0fdf dfS;{jfbsf]
ljsf; ul/ ;s] s f] 5 . ;fy}
dfS;{jfbn] dfS;{jfbsf] u'0ffTds
/fi6«nfO{ g} ck'/0fLo Iflt k'Ug] x'b“ f o:tf kbfy{
Tof] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ eOxfNg] xf]Og .
ctM g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g]skf_
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ gfd /fVb}
cfPsf] g]skf -dfs]_ / g]skf -Pdfn]_
ljsf;sf] bf];f| ] r/0fdf n]lggjfbdf
ljsf; ul/;s]sf] 5 . / dfS;{jfb– b]lv 6f9f /xf}+ .
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ geP/ s] xf] t < ca gfd /fVb} cfPsf] Pdfn] gfdsf kf6L{x? n]lggjfbn] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf]
x]/f}+ . ljZj;j{xf/f ju{sf dxfg\ g]tf g]kfnL hgtfsf aLrdf g/fd|/L abgfd u'0ffTds ljsf;sf] t];f| ] / gofF r/0fdf
n]lggn] Ps 7fpFdf eGg' ePsf] 5– eO;s]sfn] b'j} kf6L{x?sf] gfd abn]/ dfcf]jfbdf ljsf; ul/;s]sf] 5 . ctM
æ;+zf]wgjfbLx? cGttM blIf0fkGyL g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g]skf_ /fVg] cfh o;/L dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–
af6f] x'bF } k|ltlqmofjfbdf k'u/] ktg gf6s u/]sf 5g\ . lsgeg] sf]i6 aflx/ dfcf] j fb qmflGtsf/L sDo' l gi6
x'g k'U5g\ .Æ ctM ljZj;j{xf/fju{sf sf]i6leq Pp6} gfd /fv]/ kf6L{sf] gfd kf6L{ x ?sf] kyk| b z{ s l;4fGt,
dxfg\ g]tf n]lggn] dfly eGg' ePsf] h'/fpg] ufO{hfqf ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . dfu{bz{s l;4fGt aGg k'us ] f] 5 .
s'/f cfh cfP/ g]kfndf ;xL ;fljt Tolt dfq} sxfF xf] / a|fs]6 g]skfn] ;fy} dfn]dfjfb ljZj;j{xf/fju{sf] d'lQm
x'g k'us ] f] 5 . @)@* ;fn h]7 @ b'Ob{ O' j{ 6f kf6L{ cWoIf ;d]t /fv]/ l;4fGt ;d]t aGg k'us ] f] 5 .
ut] lj:kmf]6 ePsf] emfkf ljb|fx] af6 /fk|kfx?nfO{{ ;d]t pl5g]sf] 5 . o;nfO{{ cem} ;/n efiffdf ;a}n]
cufl8 a9]/ g]skf -dfn]_, g]skf - lsgls /fk| k fx?n] cWoIf / a'‰g] u/L o;/L JofVof ug{ ;lsG5
Pdfn]_ x'b} blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbdf ;xcWoIf;Dd /fVb} cfPsf 5g\ . o;n] ls cfh cGt/f{li6«o ;j{xf/fju{sf]
ktg x'g k'us ] f] g]skf -Pdfn]_ / t b'Ob{ O' j{ 6f cWoIf /fv]sf] 5 . o; xftdf Pp6f ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtsf] l;+uf]
@)%@ ;fn kmfNu'0f ! ut]af6 ;'? e} k|sf/sf] g]tf k|wfg kf6L{ sDo'lgi6 cd]B O{sfOsf ?kdf dfS;{jfb–
bz jif{;Dd ;~rfng eP/ zflGt kf6L{ x'g ;St}g . n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb /x]sf] 5 . To;}n]
k|lqmofdf k|bz ] ub}{ g]skff -dfcf]jfbL_, s'g} klg /fhgLlts kf6L{nfO{{ p;n] dfcf] j fbnfO{ { cfhsf] ljZjsf]
g]skf -Pdfcf]jfbL_, x'Fb} g]skf - c+ l usf/ u/] s f] bz{ g , l;4fGt, dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] ?kdf u|x0f
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|_ aGg k'us ] f] g]skf - /fhgLlt, sfo{lbzf, sfo{qmd / gul/sg sf]xL klg ;Rrf sDo'lgi6 g] k fn ;/sf/
dfs]_ gj;+zf]wgfjfbdf ktg eP/
g]skf -Pdfn]_ df ljno x'g k'Uof] .
sfo{of]hgfsf cfwf/df dfq p;sf]
d"Nofªs ul/G5 . xfdL dfS;{jfbLx?n]
aGg ;St}g . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -
g] s kf_ n] dfcf] j fbnfO{ { t s]
;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno
Pdfn] / dfs]sf aLr Ps csf]d{ f
ljno e};s]kl5 o;n] klxn] kf6L{sf]
ljgfk"jf{xu|x h:tfsf] t:t} o; kf6L{sf]
d'Nofªs ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . dfS;{jfbL
dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/fnfO{{ ;d]t
kl/Tofu u/]/ …hgtfsf] ax'bnLo
;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu
 6 @)&% ;fn ebf} #! ut] cfOtaf/
gd]l6Psf lrqx¿ lgofqf ;+ux| df gf/L lrGtgsf] cj:yf
!= ljifo k|j]z
;[li6sf] k|f/Dedf k/d]Zj/n]
cfk"mnfO{ b'O{ efudf af"8s ] f lyP . b'O{
efu dWo] cfwf efu g/ xf] / cfwf
efu gf/L xf] . k/d]Zj/sf] blIf0f
efudf g/¿k / jfd efu gf/L ¿k
eof] eg] zf:qLo dfGotf 5 . wd{
k|f0f ;dfhdf j]b, k'/f0f, :d[lt,
Oltxf; tyf k|frLg ;+:s[ltsf d"No
/ dfGotfsf cfwf/df tyf k|fs[lts
lj1fgsf cfwf/df ;d]t k/d]Zj/sf]
cfwf :j¿k :qLx¿nfO{ cTolws
;Ddfg lbPsf] kfOG5 . gf/Lljgfsf]
3/ 3/ geP/ hËn xf] elgPsf] 5 .
gf/L ;fy eP ?v'dg' L a;] klg Tof]
w]/} xf] elgPaf6 klg gf/Lsf] dxŒj
cToGt} pRr /x]sf] :ki6 x'G5 . jt{dfg
;dodf gf/L ;dfgtf, gf/L xs tyf
gf/L :jtGqtfsf s'/f ug]{x¿n]
gf/Lx¿sf] ;Ddflgt / ;' / lIft
hLjgsf] dxj a'‰g g;s]sf] k|tLs
x'G5 . gf/L :jtGqtfsf gfddf xfd|f]
;dfhdf s}of}" gf/Lx¿ xfn c;'/lIft
x' " b } uPsf pbfx/0fx¿ ;~rf/
dfWoddf 5\ofK5\ofKtL k|sflzt ePsf]
b] V g / ;' G g k/] s f] 5 . n} l Ës
;dfgtfsf gfdf / gf/L :jtGqtfsf
gfddf ePsf ljs[lt / pR5[Întfn]
gf/Lx¿ dfq x}g k'?ifx¿ klg lbgfg'lbg
emGemg\ ;d:ofu|:t aGb} uPsf
b] l vG5g\ . k| : t' t n] v df log}
s'/fx¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ gd]l6Psf
lrqx¿ lgofqf ;+ux| df gf/Lx¿sf
ljljw kIfx¿ s] s:tf 5g\ eGg]
ljj]rgf ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
@= dlxnfsf] lzIffsf] cj:yf
gd]l6Psf lrqx¿ lgofqf ;+ux|
ljbzL e"lddf ;+ul| xt lgofqf ;+ux|
xf] . ;dsfnLg ;dodf dlxnfnfO{
lzIff / :jtGqtf lbg] Joj:yf eP
klg k"0f{ ¿kdf :jtGqtf lbg ;s]sf]
kfOb}g . ;fdfGo lzIff u|x0f ug{ kfpg]
s'/fdf Tolt ljjfb ePsf] gb]lvP klg
:jtGq ¿kdf k9\g kfpg] lgz]if
ul/Psf] s'/f Jofks 5 . ;du|df x]bf{
ljb]zdf lzIffsf] cj;/ /fd|f] ePsf]
dflgG5 . g] k fnaf6 klg sof}
dflg;x¿ pRr lzIffsf nflu ljb]lzg]
u/]sf] kfOG5 . lzIffsf nflu /fd|]F
cj;/ eP klg d'l:nd dlxnfx¿sf
nflu eg] lzIffsf] 5'§} Joj:yf u/]sf]
kfOG5 . s'g} s'g} b]zdf dlxnf /
k'?ifx¿ Ps} ;fy a;]/ k9\g kfOPtf
klg Psn] csf{nfO{ x]g{ kfOb}g . d'l:nd
dlxnfx¿nfO{ lzIffsf] 5'§} Joj:yf
u/]sf] kfOG5 . pgLx¿ s]jn ;fIF/
aGgsf nflu o:tf] ePsf] kfOG5 .
jf:tjdf lzIff ;fIf/ x'gsf lglDt
dfq} geO{ lzlIft eO{ cfÎgf] lhljsf]
kfh{g ug{sf nflu lzIff lng cfjZos
dflgG5 . t/ d'l:nd dlxnfx¿sf]
nflu o:tf] lzIff ck3ftsf] ¿kdf
dflgG5 . d' l :nd dlxnfx¿sf
;d:ofx¿ s] s:tf 5g\ egL
kfls:tfgL gf/L dlxnfsf] hLjgaf6
yfxf x'G5 . ef/t ljZjdf cfly{s
¿kdf cufl8 a9\b} uPsf] b]zsf
¿kdf lrlgG5 . To;df ljleGg wd{
dfGg] dflg;x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . ef/tdf
d'l:nd dlxnfx¿ klg 5g\ cGo vf8L
d'ns ' sf dlxnfx¿eGbf s]xL km/s eP
klg dl:nd dlxnfx¿ k"0f{ ¿kdf
:JtGq ePsf kfOb}gg\ . stf/df
;/sf/L ljBfno / dxfljBfnox¿df
hf];s ' n
} fO{ lgMz'Ns cWoog ug{ kfpg]
;'ljwf klg /x]sf] 5 . c? b]zsf] eGbf
cln cln lzIff If]qsf] /Îtf/n]
stf/sf] ;jf{Ë ;'gf}nf] aGb} uPsf]
kfOG5 . gf/Lx¿sf cf"vf 3'D6f]af6
cf]n]{/ cIf/sf v]tx¿df pHofnf]
vf]tNb} 5g\ .
#= dlxnfsf] ;' / Iff cj:yf
/fHosf x/]s If]qsf nflu ;'/Iff
Joj:yf cToGt cfjZos tyf
dxŒjk"0f{ x'g] ub{5 . To;df klg
dlxnfx¿sf] ;'/Iff ljz]if ;+jb] gzLn
dflgG5 . lxhf]cfh oqtq dlxnfx¿
c;'/lIft x'b" } uPsf] rrf{ ;'lgG5 .
dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfO{ kg]{ s'g} klg ;d:of g} xf] . vf;Fu/L vf8L d'n'sdf
ljz]if ;ts{tf ckgfpg' kg]{ Joj:yf dlxnfx¿sf] cfly{s cj:yf Tolt /fd|f]
ul/Psf] 5 . afNosfndf lktfn] dflgb}g . d'VotM d'l:nd O:nfdL
;+/If0f ug{k' g],{ of}jgfj:yfdf kltn] dlxnfx¿df of] ;d:of b]vf k/]sf] 5
;+/If0f ug{k' g]{ / j[4fj:yfdf k'qn] lsgls dl:nd dlxnfx¿n] cfÎgf]
;+/If0f ug{k' g]{ dfGotf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cg' x f/ b] v fpg gkfpg] k| o fM
s;}n] klg s'df/LnfO{, ljjflxtfnfO{ k'?ifx¿;"u afNg gkfO{g] cf"vf 5f]Kg]
jf ljwjfnfO{ anfTsf/ u/]df To;af6 u/L a'sf{ nufpg' kg]{ ePsfn] d'l:nd
p;df kg]{ zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s dlxnfx¿ ;fdflhs ¿kdf b]lvg
cf3ftsf] / u'ds ] f] ;tLTjsf] Ifltk"lt{ jl~rt x' G 5g\ . h;n] ubf{
x'g g;Sg] x'b" f lxGb' k/Dk/fdf :qLsf] dlxnfnx¿n] x]lkPsf] hLjg hLpg'
kg]{ afWotf /x]sf] kfOG5 . ef/tdf
klg of] ;d:of g/x]sf] xf]Og ef/t
cfly{s ¿kdf lgs} ;DkGg dflgPtf
klg dlxnf dfly ul/g] Jojxf/ eg]
c? b] z sf] h:t} /x] s f] 5 .
dlxnfx¿nfO{ vf8L d'ns ' df h:tf] sfd
ug{df aGb]h geP tfklg ef/tdf
klg dlxnfx¿ Tolt w]/} cufl8 a9]sf]
kfOb}g . stf/ klg cfly{s ¿kdf
lgs} ;DkGg b]z dflgG5 t/ Toxf"
klg dlxnfdfly x'g] e]befjdf sld
cfPsf] b]lvb}g . kfls:tfgdf klg
d'l:ndx¿sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] kfOG5 .
dlxnfx¿n] k9\g' x'b" g} eGg] e|dnfO{
s'df/L nIdL hf]zL lrb}{ kfls:tfgdf dnfnfsf] hGd
ePsf] kfOG5 . dlxnf lx+;f lj?4
;'/IffnfO{ cToGt s8f ul/Psf] k|tLt plqg] dnfnf cfk"m Ps ;kmn grf/L
x'G5 . dlxnfnfO{ s8f ;'/Iffdf /fVg' ePtf klg dlxnfdfly x'g] e]befjnfO{
p;nfO{ :jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt ul/Psf] cGTo eg] ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . dlxnfn]
jf :jtGqtf glbOPsf], s'g} klg clk|o lzIff lng'k5{ eGg] cfjfhx¿sf lj?4
36gf x'g gkfcf];\ egL klxn] g} sfg'g kfls:tfgLdf ljBfnox¿df cfqmd0f
d} Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . ePsf] kfOG5 To;}n] kfls:tfgdf klg
d¥ofbfsf] ;Ldfkl/lwdf a:g] dlxnfsf] cfly{s cj:yf ;Gtf]ifhgs
s'/fn] g} ;a}sf] sNof0f ug]{ x'"bf 5 eGg ;lsb}g . ;du|df dlxnfx¿
/fHosf] sfg'g dfg] h:t} dlxnf / k5fl8 kg{d ' f sfg'gL ¿kdf afWo
k'?ifn] klg g}lts d¥ofbfnfO{ dfg]df u/fOPsf] x'G5 . sfg'gdf g} dlxnfx¿n]
;a} ;'/lIft x'g ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu a'sf{ nufP/ lx8\g' kg]{ :ki6 Joj:yf
;fg} b ] l v wfld{ s , ;fdflhs, ul/Psf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ dlxnfx¿
;f+:s[lts, g}lts cflb ;+:sf/ lbg' :jtGq x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o;df
cfjZos 5 . dlxnf / k'?ifsf n}lËs d'l:nd / O:nfdL k'?ifx¿ klg
cj:yfnfO{ dgg u/]/ b'j} y/Lsf dlxnfx¿n] ;lqmo ePsf] rfxb}gg\
nflu cg'zf;gsf] Joj:yf u/L of}g cyjf pgLx¿ klg dlxnfx¿n] sfd
r'/f rf/af6 hf]ufpg k|oTg u/]sf] ug{' x'b" g} cyf{t\ a'sf{ nufP/ lx8\g'
b]lvG5 . stf/df ;/sf/n] hgtf;"u k5{ eGg] dfGotf /fVb5g\ . t/
cfos/ lnb} g . ljB' t , kfgL / k'?ifx¿ eg] cfly{s ¿kdf lgs}
6]lnkmf]gsf] dxz'n ltg{' gkg]{ /x]5 . ;DkGg dflgG5g\ . g]kfnaf6 klg
s'g} klg gful/sn] 3/ lgdf{0f jf xhf/f} g]kfnLx¿ sfdsf] vf]hLdf
ljjfx ug{ cfk"m;"u /sd gePsf] ljb]zlt/ hfg] ub{5g\ . k'?ifx¿ cfk"m
lgj]bg u/]df ;/sf/n] t'?Gt pknAw lgs} d]xg] lt / nugzLn dflgG5g\ .
u/fOlbg] k|rng /x]5 . c:ktfndf s'g} klg If]qkmnn] ;fgf] jf 7"nf]
ljb] z Lx¿nfO{ ;d] t clwsf+ z dflgb}g . cfly{s cj:yf, /xg ;xg,
cf}iflwx¿ lgMz'Ns k|bfg ul/"bf] wd{, ;+:s[lt cflbn] b]zsf] klxrfg
/x]5 . /ftlbg hxf" lx"•'n u/] klg a9fp"b5 .
c;'/Iffsf] e"d/Ldf km:g'kg]{ /x]g5 . %= dlxnfsf] kfl/jfl/s cj:yf
t/ g]kfnLx¿sf] ljb]zdf p:t} xfnt :qL / k'?if k/d]Zj/sf z/L/df
x'G5 cfÎgf] b]zsf gf/Lx¿nfO{ / cfwf cfwf efu x'g\ eGg] s'/f dfly
3/x¿nfO{ a' s f{ s f] vf] n leq g} pNn]v ul/;s]sf] 5 . k'?if /
n'sfpg]x¿ kfOg', gf/Lsf] cl:dtf dlxnf Ps} /ysf b'O{ kfË|f x'g\ .
dfly xft xfN5g\ . l;wf /l ul/aLsf] kfl/jfl/s ¿kdf Tolt e] b efj
k~hfdf km;]sf g]kfnL dlxnfx¿ gePtf klg dlxnfx¿ PSn} aflx/
ef/tLo gfsf x'b" } vf8L /fi6« k'Ub5g\ . lg:sg gkfpg] 3/s} sfddf ;+nUg
Toxf" s f nDk6 k' ? ifx¿ lrnsf] u/fpg], cfÎgf] >Ldfg\ afx]s c?sf]
emD6fOdf hfOnfUb5g\ . pgLx¿sf d'v x]g{ gkfpg] k/Dk/f ljBdfg 5 .
nflu :qL z/L/ eg]sf] ef]Ug] / oftgf dlxnfx¿ clzlIft / cfly{s cj:yf
lbg] j:t' dfq x'g] u5{ . ;fpbL sdhf]/ ePsf] sf/0f bnfnx¿af6
c/]laofdf kTgL afx]ssL gf/LnfO{ a]lrg] u/]sf kfOG5g\ h'g ;d:of
cf"vf nufof] eg] r6fr6 sf6]/ g]kfndf klg /x]sf] kfOG5 . w]/} k};f
d[To'b08 lbOG5 . To;}n] ubf{ k'?ifsf] sdfpg] cf;df ljb]zdf ;lhn} k};f
eGbf a9L dlxnfsf] ;'/Iffdf Wofg sdfpg ;lsG5 eGg] e|d k/]/ so}
lbPsf] k|tLt x'G5 . lg:sfd :qL gf/Lx¿n] zf/Ll/s Pjd\ dfgl;s
anfTsf/sf] l;sf/ ePdf ck/fwLnfO{ oftgfx¿ ef]Ug] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
d[To'b08 lbg] / kLl8tnfO{ ljlwk"js { csf{sf] nxnx}df nfu]/ k};f sdfpg]
k|folZrt u/fP/ z'4 u/fpg] ;d]t cf;df 3/jf/} 5f]8]/ ljb]zLPsf
ljwfg x'gfn] dlxnfnfO{ cGofo gxf];\ kfOG5g\ . t/ pgLx¿nfO{ ljb]zdf
egL k"0f{ ljrf/ k'TofOPsf] b]lvG5 . s] x'G5, s;/L k};f sdfOG5, ljb]z
ctM g} l ts d" N o / dfGotfdf s;/L hfg'k5{ sfg'gL Joj:yf s]
dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf pTs[i6 /x]sf] /x]sf] 5 oL s'/fx¿ ga'emL ;f]h}
s'/f k|rf/df Nofpg cfjZos 5 . bnfnx¿ dfkm{t\ ljb]z hfg] u/]sfn]
$= dlxnfsf] cfly{ s cj:yf ljleGg lsl;dsf b'Mv si6 ef]Ug'
dlxnfsf] cfly{s clwsf/sf] ljifo k/]sf] 5 . O:nfd wd{sf] cg'ofoL
eg]sf] lxhf]cfhf rsf{] cfjfhsf ¿kdf stf/df Ps k'?ifn] rf/j6L :jf:gL
p7fOPsf] ljifo klg xf] . o; ljifodf dfG5];"u lax] ug{ kfpg] ePsfn]
dlxnfnfO{ cfly{s clwsf/ glbPsf] ;Gtfgx¿ w]/} x'g' :jefljs dflgG5 .
eG] bf]iff/f]k0f klg w]/} g} x'g] u/]sf] gf/L x'g' eg]sf] ;dfhsf] gh/df
5 . stf/df k|ltJolQm ;/b/ cfDbfgL glrlgg' / PlSng' xf] eGg] kl/ro
$) xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ /x]sf] kfOG5 . kfOof] /x]5 Toxf" k'?if dlxnf Ps}
stf/sf] d'Vo cfo;|ft] k]6f« l] nod kbfy{ /ysf b'O{ kfË|f x'g' kltkfnL k/Dk/df
ldn]/ a:bf Ps csf{;"u ;Gt'i6
/x"bf 3/df kfOn}lkR5] sNof0f x'G5
eGg] hgljZjf; 5 . cfÎgf 5f]/fsL
cfdfnfO{ t kltn] t kltn] dftf
;/x g} cfb/ ug{'kg]{ s'/f atfPsf]
5 . wd{, cy{,sfd oL ltg k'?iffy{
l;4 ug{ s f nflu kTgL kltgL
;xof]lugL ePsL x'gfn] kltn] kTgLsf]
e/0f' kf]if0f / ;+/If0f ug]{ lhDdf
klg lng' k5{o: . kTgLljgf PSnf]
k'?ifn] b]jtf, lkt[ cltly OToflbsf]
;d]t :jfut ;Tsf/ ug{ g;Sg] x'gfn]
kTgLsf] dxŒj lgs} g} x'G5 eGg]
a'lemG5 .
^= ;fdflhs cj:yf
o; gd]l6Psf lrqx¿ lgofqf
;+u|xdf ;+u|lxt lgofqfx¿df c?
ljleGg cj:yfdf h:t} ;fdflhs
¿kdf klg gf/LnfO{ ;Ddfg ldn]sf]
b]lvG5 . clxn] eGbf klxnf :qLx¿sf]
cj:yf a9L ;Ddflgt lyof] eGg]
a'lemG5 . g}li7s aXdrfl/0fLx¿sf]
klg ;dfhdf pRr cfb/ x'g] b]lvG5 .
u[x:yf>dsf :qLsf] t klt ;/x g}
;fdflhs :yfg /x]sf] kfOG5 . klt
kTgLdf ;dfgtf gePsf] 3/df t
cnIdLsf] af; x'g] / hLjg ljkmn
x'g] s'/f elgPsf] x'gfn] dlxnf /
k'?ifsf] ;dfgtf x'g} k5{ eGg] s'/f
:ki6;"u a'‰g' kb{5 . o; lgofqf
;+ux| df ;+ul| xt b]zx¿ stf/, OlhK6,
;fpbL c/]loaf, o'gfO6]8, kfls:tfg
/ ef/t b]zx¿sf] rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ .
gf/L x'g' eg]sf] ;dfhsf] gh/df
glrlgg' / PlSng' xf] eGg] kl/ro
kfObf] /x]5 . cf"vf dfq b]lvg] sfnf]
a'sf{ klx/x]sf dlxnfx¿ / ;]tf] a'sf{
klx/x]sf k'?ifx¿sf] lrq0f u/]sf
5g\ . stf/df ;d'Ggt zf;g Joj:yf
eP klg g]kfnLx¿n] eg] w]/} b'Mv
kfPsf] s'/fnfO{ /fd|/L Jol~ht ul/Psf]
5 . ;fpbL c/]laofdf /x]sf cf7 nfv
g]kfnLn] ef]Ug' k/]sf kL8f, of}g zf]if0f,
cflbsf sf?l0fs syfx¿ klg 5g\ .
;fpbL c/]laofsf] wfld{s s6'/tf,
a' s f{ l eqsf gf/Lx¿sf] cj:yf,
ck/fwLnfO{ d[To'b08 lbg] To; 7fp"sf]
;fdflhs k/Dk/fsf] lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ .
&= lgisif{
bfdf] b / k' 8 f;} g L …lszf] / Ú
;dsfnLg g]kfnL sljtf / lgofqfsf
If]qdf ljz]if pNn]vgLo k|ltefsf
¿kdf lrlgG5g\ . pgsf] lgofqf snf
;';Ël7t, ;'?lrk"0f{, lrqfTds ;f}Gbo{
o'Qm b]lvG5 . o; s[ltdf bfdf]b/
k'8f;}gL …lszf]/Ú n] stf/, OlhK6,
;fpbL c/]loaf, o'gfO6]8 c/a,
Ole/]6; \ , kfls:tfg / ef/t e|d0f
ubf{sf cg'ej ;d]6s ] f 5g\ . ljdfgaf6
ofqf u/]/ Ps b]zaf6 csf{] b]z hf"bf
;Da4 b] z sf ljdfg:ynsf,
ljdfgleqsf ;fy} ;Da'4 b]zdf /x]sf
gf/Lx¿sf] cj:yfnfO{ klg pNn]v
u/]sf 5g\ . k/Dk/fdf dlxnfx¿ ;w}
g} ;a} kIfdf ;Ddflgt :yfgdf ePsf]
s' / f ;a} n ] a' ‰ g cfjZos 5 .
Toltv]/sf dlxnfx¿sf] hLjgLaf6
k|/] 0ff lnO{ cfhsf dlxnfx¿ cfTd
;Ddfg / cfTd ljZjf;sf ;fy af"Rg
;Sg] klg b]lvG5 . k'8f;}gL lszf]/n]
o; lgofqf ;+ux| df gf/LjfL lrGtgsf]
cj:yfnfO{ k" 0 f{ ¿kdf ljleGg
kIfx¿af6 pNn] v u/] s f 5g\ .
;dfhdf dlxnfsf] oyf]lrt cfb/,
;Ddfg ;'/Iff, ;dfgtf / dof{lbt
:yfg sfod /fVg'kg]{ s'/f ;a}n]
;r]ttfk"js { a'‰g' cfjZos 5 .
;Gbe{ ;"rL
cfrfo{ , s[ i 0fk| ; fb -@)&)_,
kfZrfTo ;flxTosf] ?k/]vf, nlntk'/
M ;femf k|sfzg .
u'?Ë, ;Demgf -@)&@_, lgofqf
;flxTo / gd] l 6Psf lrqx?,
ck| s flzt :gftsf] Q / zf] w kq,
sf7df8f}F M kßsGof ax'dv ' L SofDk; .
k'8f;}gL, bfdf]b/ …lszf]/Ú -
@)&)_, gd]l6Psf lrqx?, sf7df8f}F
M /Tgk':ts e08f/ .
g aGg' slxNo} k|bz{gsf
cfw'lgs P]gf
/fhafa' >]i7 ‘;fu/’
5fFl6Psf]
a?nL sDd/ eP k'Ubf] /x]5
P lu4]gh/ s]s] b]V5 b]V5 gx]l/sg
sDd/ dfq} sxfF xf]/ Û ;ft} k|bz ] e|d0f u5{
kfkL efjsf] kv]6f xfnL
slxn] b'Ok{ b| z
] aLrsf] r'/k] a{tdf
kfO{nf 6]Sb5 t slxn] rf/sf];]
emf8L rfxf5{g\ .
slt ulx/f]u/L b[i6L k'Ug ;s]sf] xf]
dfOqmf]:sf]k em}F P d]/L af:;} Û
gogn] b]Vg g ;s]sf] s'/f]
pgsf] lu4]gh/sf] dfOqmf]:sf]k
/utsf] 9ndf l5/Ll5/L s] s] 5fDg
Eofpg] Eofpg]
wGo xf} P lu4 xf] .
lu4n] t kmut l;gf] b]Vb 5
p k/ pl8/x]sf] cfsfzaf6
cfP/ cfxf/ ub{5 l;gf]sf]
clg z'4 ub{5 xfd|f] jftfj/0f
t[Kt ePkl5 p k/ xfd|f] b]zsf] :jfledfgsf]
z}ndf pleP/ nfrf/Lsf] dflGrq x]b5 {
d]?b08 efFlrPsf eUgfjz]iflt/ kms]/{
clg lgofNb5 Ps]s u/L cf]xf]bf]x{ / ul//x]sf
cfw'lgs lhpFbf] a'Vofrfx¿ .
t/ csf]y{ l/ lu4 x'bF f]/x]5g\ oxfF t
kmut jftfj/0f cz'4 kfof]{ x'GYof]gL
g:n g} cz'4 kfof]{ o;\ ;[i6Lsf
hxfF b]Vof] a'Vofrf, lu4] s;fOgh/sf]
rfk6n] 6'qm}6q' mf kf/L df;' efu nfpFbf/x]5g\
ufpF3f/, ahf/, ;x/ hxfFsxLF xf];\
a'Vofrfdf ef]ssf] df;' b]V5g\ .
/ t lbgfg'lbg xhf/f}F lgd{nfx¿
;]sj' fk;nsf] ;'O/{ f]sf] ;]sj' f em}F
anTsf/sf] sf]Onfdf kfls/x]sf 5g\
clg csf]y{ l/ lu4x¿ jl/kl/ a;]/
d'vdf ¥ofn r'xfpFb} a;]sf 5g\ o;/L
h;/L bfp/fsf] s'Go'df :ofn
s'v/' fsf] lzsf/ ug{ 9's/] al;/x]sf x'G5g\ .
To;}n] t
P cfw'lgs a'Vofrfx¿ xf] Û ;fawfg Û
ltdLx¿ Ps cd"No u/uxgf xf}
;hfpm cfk"mnfO{ t/ 7fpFdf ;hfpm
dxËf] j:q lsg]/ cfw'lgssf] a'l6sdf
6'qmf6'qmfkf/L tof/ kl/Psf] cfe'if0fdf
s] ltdLx¿ ;Eo b]lvG5 eG7fg]sf 5f} <
xf]Og,
ltdLx¿n] b]vs ] f ;Eoftfsf] P]gdf
csf]y{ l/sf] lu4n] ltdLx¿nfO{
l;gf] b]lv/x]sf 5g\
ltdLx¿ t uxgf xf} uxgf
s] xL/fdf]tL olt ;:tf] 5g\t ahf/df <
5}gg\ <
x] uxgfx¿ xf] Û
cfˆgf] d"No cfˆg} cl:dtfsf] j:qn]
9fs]/ ;'/lIft /fv
g aGg' slxNo} k|bz{gsf] cfw'lgs P]gf
l;;fsf] P]gf s'g} klg avt rls{g ;S5
k"mn hlxNo} klg au}rF fdf k'mNg'
sfF8fsf] b]zdf 8fF8fdf k'mNg] xf]Og .
 @)&% ;fn ebf} #! ut] cfOtaf/
of}g, anTsf/ / xTofdf wd{sf] :yfg
aflnsf lgd{nf kGtsf] anTsf/
/ xTof / To;kl5sf ;a} ultlalwn]
cfhsf] xfd|f] ;dfhsf] oyfy{ :ki6
u/]sf] 5 . Ps vfnsf dflg;n]
of} g nfO{ /x:osf] ?kdf x] 5 { g \ .
;dfhdf Ps vfnsf o:tf dfG5] 5g\
hf] anTsf/df ;Dk"0f{ kIfdf dlxnfsf]
bf]if b]V5g\ . s] anTsf/n] dfG5]
d5{g\ < ;bfrf/, b'/frf/, Jolerf/,
cTofrf/ / ck/fwsf 36gfx?
;dfhdf au|N] tL ePsf 5g\ . oL ;a}
;jfnnfO{ wd{n] s;l/ x]5{ < o;df
wd{sf] e"ldsf s] b]lvG5 < s] eujfg,
tF lhpFb} 5;\ ls dl/;ls;\ < x}geg]
s] x]/]/ a;]sf] 5;\ < :jL:s]/f xfNb}
Ps a[4fn] af]n]sf s'/fn] dg 5f]of] .
;a}h;f] kqklqsfdf cfh of] 36gf
@ dlxgf nfUbf klg rrf{df 5 eg]/
/]l8of]n] ;G;lgk"0f{ agfP/ k|zf/0f
ul//x]sf] 5 . pQm 36gfsf bf]ifL w]/}
e};s], d'Vo bf]ifL cem} kqmfp k/]sf]
5}g . dlxgf};Dd lhNnf aGb eof], !
hgfsf] k|xl/s} uf]nLaf6 Hofg u};Sof]
eg] @ hgfsf] l:ylt uDeL/ 5 .
s/f] 8 f} + ;DklQsf] Iflt e} ; Sof] ,
;/sf/n] bf]ifL k|x/Lsf] s'/f ;'g/] lg0f{o
lng] ubf{ ;a} 5fglag k| l qmof
l9;ld; kfl/of] . lgbf]{ifnfO{ y'Gof] /
ck/flw ;fljt ug]{ b':k|of; u/]
ck/fwL cfkm}n + ] eGg] ;fa{hlgs eof] .
lkl8t kIf t s'/} 5f]8f}+ ;/sf/L pRr
cf] x f] b fsf] JolQm;d] t 5fglag
k|lqmofdf c;'/lIft ePsf] eGb}
/fhLgfdf ul//x]sf 5g\ . ck/flwx?
zlQmzfnL 5g\ / k|fo To:t} x'G5g\
eGg] k|i6 5 . clxn];Dd g} sf]xL
kqmfp k/]sf] hfgsfl/ 5}g .
;dfh s:tf] ag]sf] 5 < sf]xL
zlQmzfnL t sf]xL lg/Lx tyf lgd'vf
ag]sf 5g\ . clxn]sf] ;fdflhs
Joj:yf g} l7s 5}g, k|fo ;a}n]
dxz'; u/]sf] laifo xf] of] . klxnfsf]
;dfhsf dflns, ;fdGtL / kl5Nnf]
;dfhsf k'h F Lklt / 6'Kkfaf6 knfPsf
gjk| l tlqmofjfbLx?sf] af] n jfnf
ePsf] Joj:yf 5 . ;fdflhs
pkl/;+ / rgf, lgod, sfg' g ,
d"NodfGotf / rfnrng klg p:t}
5, wd{df cfwfl/t . lgd'vf, ;f]emf
hgtfnfO{ tx nufpgsf nflu Pp6f
sfNklgs tfgfzfxsf] vfFrf] eP/ ltg}
zf;sx? / zf]ifsx? ldn]/ O{Zj/sf]
;[hgf u/]/ p;}n] agfPsf] lgod eGb}
;a}n] dfGg' kg]{ agfPsf] rng
cBfjlw 5 . ;dfhsf] hLjg Jojxf/
ToxL g} 5 . ToxL cg';f/ ;DklQ
xTofpg] lgod agfPsf x'g\ / zf;sn]
ToxL cg';f/ cfk"mnfO{ O{Zj/sf]
k|ltlglw agfPsf x'g\ . ToxLcg';f/
lgod, sfg'g lgd'vf / lgwf{ hgtfnfO{
nfUg] rng rnfPsf x'g\ . zf;sn]
oxL s'/f s;}n] a'‰g g;Sg] cr]t /
d'v{ agfPsf 5g\ .
zf;sn] ;f]r], ;a} lrh cfˆgf]
nflu . cfˆgf] nflu x'Fb}g eg] s;}sf]
nflu klg gxf]cf];\ eGg] 7fg] . ToxL
eP/ cfk"m d/]kl5 >LdtLnfO{ ;tL
hfg' kg]{ Joj:yf;Dd u/] . zf;ssf
nflu cTofrf/ eGg] s]xL nfu]g .
k/:qLdfly ef]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/
pgLx?nfO{ dfq} 5 eGg] lgod
pgLx?n] g} agfPsf x'g\ . ;fgf aRrf
ljjfx ug]{, w]/} dlxnf ljx] ug]{,
csf{nfO{ x/0f jf xTof u/]/ >LdtL
vf];/] Nofpg], ;DklQ klg To;}u/L
xTofpg] / cfk"m ;j{>i] 7 clg ;a{dfGo
zf;s aGg] u/]sf x'g\ . ;dfhdf ToxL
rng rnfPsf x'g\ . h] u/] klg
zf;sx? b" / frf/L, Jolerf/L,
cTofrf/L s]xL gx'g] eP . dlxnfsf]
:yfg ;dfhdf l/Qf] agfO{of], blnt
/ >d ug]{ dfG5]x?nfO{ ul/j /
lgd'vf pg}n] agfPsf x'g\ . bf;,
e"bf;, /}tL, ls;fg / sfdbf/nfO{
clwsf/laxLg ltg}n] agfPsf x'g\ .
zf]if0f, pTkL8g, bdg, lje]b /
cGofoL zf;g ltg} zf;sn] u/]sf
x'g\ . oL ;a} sfdsf/jfxLnfO{ wd{sf]
gfd lbP/ k/Dk/f, rng, ;+:sf/sf]
?k lbPsf x'g\ . of] ;+:s[lt xf] o;nfO{
df:g] clwsf/ s;}nfO{ 5}g
eg]/ lg/+s'ztf nfb]sf x'g\ .
cfh;Dd klg zf;sx?n] t
To:t} a'‰g] / ug]{ e}xfn],
bf;tfdf /x]sf dfG5]x?;d]t
ToxL ?kdf a'‰g] ub{5g\ .
zf;safx]ssf dfG5]x?n] a'‰g'
kg]{ s'/f s] 5 eg] dflg;n]
cfˆgf] nflu u/] s f
sfdsf/jfxL / k| o f;af6
ag]sf ;a} s'/f cfˆgf x'g\ .
dflg;n] zf;sx?af6 d'Qm x'g
u/] s f k| o f;x? g} cfˆgf
k/Dk/f, rng / ;+:sf/ x'g\
eg]/ a'‰g' k5{ . dflg;n]
cfˆgf] nflu cfkm}+n] ;a} s'/f
lgdf{0f ul/;s]sf] 5, cfˆg}
;+:s[lt lgdf{0f ul/;s]sf] 5
eg]/ a'‰g' k5{ . clxn]sf r]tgfaf6
x] g ] { xf] eg] zf;sx? ;a}
cTofrf/af6 hlGdPsf ck/flwx?
x'g\ .
k|f0fL hutdf of}ghGo laifo
k|fs[lts s'/f xf] . km/s–km/s k|f0fLdf
km/s–km/s u'0f sfod ePsf] x'G5 .
of}g rfxgf k|foM g} efn] / kf]yLdf
km/s–km/s :jefj x'G5 . dflg;n]
k|of]udf NofO/x]sf 3/kfn'jf hgfa/df
of}g lqmofsnfk dflg; cfkm}n] cEof;
ul//x]sf 5g\ . s'v/' f, afv|f, ufO{ e};+ L,
s's/' cflb ;a}df kf]yLn] rfx]sf] a]nf
efn] nufpg] u/]s} 5g\ ha ls efn]df
cs}{ :jefj b]lv/x]sf 5g\, Pp6f efn]
;Fw}h:tf] cfk"mnfO{ of}gsf nflu
cfk"mnfO{ tof/L cj:yfdf /flv/x]sf]
x'G5 . efn]sf nflu of}g vfgf h:t}
a]nfa]nfdf rflxg] t/ vfgflagf gafFRg]
h:t} x'bF g} . s] eGg ;lsG5 eg] of}g
eg]sf] rfxgf /fVg] t/ geP klg
dl/hfg] k|sl[ tsf] x'bF g} .
dflg; Pp6f k|f0fL xf], of] k|f0fLsf]
of}g k|s[lt klg To:t}–To:t} vfnsf]
x'G5 . dflg;df rflxF oxfF zf;sn]
agfPsf] Joj:yfn] ubf{ cln km/s
xf] ls em}+ efg kfg]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
zf;sn] dlxnfdf rflx+ a9L rfxgf
x'g,] b}lgsh;f] Tof] Joj:yf geP
pgLx? clgolGqt e} x fNg] , :qL
hfltnfO{ k"/} lgoGq0fdf /fVg'kg]{
h:tf s'/fx? Jojxf/df NofPsf x'g\ .
lgoGq0f aflx/ uPsf] axfgfdf
a]Zofsf] bhf{ lbP/ ;hfosf] Joj:yf
u/]sf 5g\ . Ps dfq k'?ifafx]ssf]
;DaGwnfO{ uDeL/ ck/fwsf] bhf{
lbPsf 5g\ . zf;s / dflg;sf]
Jojxf/n] ubf{ cG¥ofn / /x:ox? k]
5 ls eGg] e|ddf dflg;nfO{ k'¥ofPsf
5g\ . ;+ ; f/el/sf ljåfgx?,
/fhg]tfx?, cg';Gwfgj]Qfx?;d]t
of}g lqmofsnfknfO{ /x:osf] laifo
agfP/ cfˆgf cleJolQmx? lbO/x]sf
5g\ . ljZj]Zj/ sf]O/fnfn] o;}
/x:onfO{ d'Vo laifo agfP/ cfˆgf
s}of}+ s[ltx? k|sflzt u/]sf 5g\ .
o;n] 7"n} ahf/ kfPsf] dtnj x'G5
of] e|ddf ljzfn hgdt 5 / Tof]
hgdt ;dfhdf a9L c/fhs
l:yltdf 5 . pgnfO{ >dtLhLn]
af/Daf/ To; dfldnfdf ;hu x'g
;emfPsL l5g\ . o;n] k|i6 u5{ pgL
cfkm} o; dfldnfdf slt c/fhs
lyP . oxfF k|i6 g} 5 ls zf;sLo
:jefj / /x:osf] ?kdf a'‰g]x?sf]
oxfF 7"nf] eL8 5 / t ;dfhdf
c/fhstf / ck/fw km}ln/x]sf] 5 .
o;n] ;a} If]qnfO{ ufFh]sf] 5 /
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf klg ;d:of
ag]/ cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . of}g dfldnf
;Eo, ;+oldt / cg'zfl;t eP/
;dfwfg x'g] laifo xf] t/ oxfF
zf;gJoj:yf / zlQmsf] s]Gb|Ls/0fn]
o;nfO{ ;dfwfg x'g lb+bg} .
s] anTsf/, lx+;f / xTofdf
dlxnfsf] bf]if x'G5 < of] sbflk x'bF g} .
km]l/ klg bf]if t zf;s, zfsLo
:jefj, zlQmsf] cf8, wfld{s k/Dk/f
ljgf]b bfxfn
/ ;+:s[lt, k'/fgf d"No / dfGotf,
;Eotfdf cj/f]w ug]{ zf]ifs ju{ sf]g}
x'G5 jf 5 . dlxnfsf] bf]if b]Vg]
;fdGtL ;f]r / lrGtg xf] / zf;sLo
:jefj xf] . dlxnfnfO{ ;DklQsf]
clwsf/af6 al~rt u/] / clt
lgolGqt bf;tfsf] cj:yfdf
/fVg]x?n] ef]uljnf;sf] ;fwgafx]s
s]xL 7fg]gg\ . To:tfn] of}g rfxgfsf]
h]n leq /x]sf g]skfsf g]tfx?nfO{ v'nfkq
ef}lts z/L/nfO{ h]ndf xfn] klg ljrf/nfO{ s}b ug{ s;}n] ;Sg] 5}gg\
cfb/0fLo sd/]8x?, nfn;nfd
tkfO{x?sf] lu/ˆtf/Ln] s]xL zAb
n]Vg dg nfUof], lkh8fsf] kvf{n;+u
;a{xf/fau{sf] dxfg larf/ em'Sg] 5}g .
;a{xf/fju{sf] Gofosf] af6f] lx8]sf] abnf
tkfO{x?nfO{ lu/ˆtf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
hgtfn] cfˆgf] eljiosf] cfkm} lg0f{o
ug]{ Joj:yf Nofpg tkfO{n F ] v]ns] f]
e"ldsfs} sf/0f tkfO{nF fO{ h]n xflnPsf
;f/f >dhLljx?n] a'em]sf 5g\ . pgLx?
tkfO{Fx?sf] lu/ˆtf/L lj?4 ;a}n]
Gofosf] ax; ul//x]sf 5g\ . hgtfsf]
eljiosf] nflu cfˆgf] hLjgsf] afhL
nufpg] tkfO{x+ ? h:tf of]4fx?nfO{
h]ndf /fv]/ afdk+yL sDo'lg:6
;/sf/n] lgs} tfgfzfxL sbdsf] ;+st]
Nofpb} 5 . hgtfn] k|Zg ul//x]sf 5g\,
Gofosf] cfjfh af]Ng clwsf/sf] dfu
ug{ oxLF ;+ljwfg / dfgjclwsf/sf]
;d]t s'g} k|efx gu/L . oftgf u[xdf
ljleGg d'2f nufO egf{ ;'? ePsf] 5 .
;+u} df]g{ ] ;+u} n8\g] s;d vfPsf xftx?
clxn] Ps cfk;df le8Gt x'bF 5 } .
xftdf xft sfFwdf sfFw ldnfpg] pb\3f]if
u/]sf g]tT[ jx? sf]xL h]n hfbf tfnL
sf]xLn] s';L{ kfpFbf tfnL sf]xLn] g]tf
kfpFbf tfnL ;a} tfnL ahfPs} 5g\ <
oL / o:t} k|Zgn] lgs} ;tfpg] u/]sf]
5 . o;sf] pQ/ lbg] x}l;ot xfdL;Fu
5}g . ;DemFbf cfqmf]; / kL8fn] w8\sg
lgs} a9]sf] a9} 5 . s] ug]{ cfk"mnfO{
sG6«fn] ug{s ' f] ljsNk 5}g . sDo'lg:6
k|fs[lts lgod tf]8]/ dlxnfnfO{
cfqmd0f ul//x] s f 5g\ , k/fk" j {
sfnb]lv g} . zf;s / zf]ifsn]
k|s[ltnfO{ g} r'gf}lt v8f ul//x]sf
5g\ / dlxnfnfO{ bf]ifL
agfO/x]sf 5g\ . anTsf/
s]jn dlxnfnfO{ u/]sf]
cTofrf/sf] laifo ag]sf]
5 . anTsf/ eg] s f]
andfkm{t lgwf{nfO{ ug]{
cTofrf/ xf] . s] anTsf/n]
dfG5] d5{g\ < ;fdfGotof
db}g{ g\ . dflg; t zfl/l/s
cfqmd0fkl5 dfq 3fOt]
x'G5g\ of d5{g\ . jflnsf
anTsf/n] zf/Ll/s ?kdf
cËeË x'g] / /Qm>fjsf]
sf/0f d[To' x'g;S5 . of]
cj:yfsf] anTsf/ h3Go
xf], aa{/ xf] . klxnfsf
zf;s cyf{t Ps k':tf
cufl8sf zf;s / k'?ifn]
o:tf ck/fwx? w]/} u/] . wd{sf
gfddf / j}wflgstfsf gfddf ePsf
To:tf ck/fwsf 36gfx?sf ;fIfLx?
cem} lhpF b } / au| ] N tL 5g\ .
k/Dk/fsf gfddf cem} klg /
cj}wflgs alg;Sbf klg n'lsl5lk
dflg;x? o:tf] Jojxf/x? ul//x]sf
5g\ . dlxnfx?nfO{ ;fd' l xs
anTsf/n] klg To:t} Hofghfg]
;/sf/sf] gfddf htf;'s} cTofrf/ ef]Ug'
eGbf . gem'Sg] a? h]nsf] ;fdgf ug]{
lxDdtk|lt ;j{xf/f ju{n] ;nfd u/]sf]
dx;'; ePsf] 5 . t/, u0ftGqnfO{
ehfP/ sDo'lg:6 ;Qfsf] gfddf ;Qf–
eQf / nQfdf las]sf dfG5]nfO{ 3[0ff
nfu]/ cfp5 . oL b'O{ lbg ;Qf eQfdf
/dfpg'sf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . tkfO{n F ] lxhf]
;Tosf] af6f] slxn] ck'/f] / cw'/f] x'g5] g} .
Ifl0fs ?kdf h]ndf s}b eP klg ;To
k'li6 eP/} 5f]8g\ ] 5 cfb/0fLo sd/]8x?
;a} eGbf axfb'/ / /fhgLlts g]tT[ jdf
x'gk' g]{ u'0f lxhf] klg ;To / ef]nL klg
;To s} /x]g] 5 . ;Tolj?4 hfnem]n
if8\oGq hlt u/]klg s]xL lbgsf] ufOhfqf
dfq xf] .d'Vo s'/f alu{o larf/;+u
Oltxf; agfpg] / alu{o ;Qf :yfkgf
ug{ ;a} ;+3if{ ug{ tof/ x'g] a}1flgs
larf/df h'6g\ ] cfF6 x'gk' 5{ . olb af6f]
;Tosf] xf] eGg] tkfO{s + f] ;TonfO{ b'Or
{ f/
lbg s;}n] ckx/0f u/]klg ljrf/ dfg{
s;}n] ;Sg]jfnf 5}gg\ .
cfb/0fLo sd/]8x?, juL{o gftfn]
d olt a]nf Psbd} efj's lg/fz /
cfFvfaf6 cfFzs ' f wf/f alu/x]sf] x'G5' .
x'g t d s'g} kf6L{sf] sfo{stf{ t xf]Og .
;a}sf] k'a{ sfo{stf{sf] x}l;otn] alu{o
dfof nfu]/ cfpF5 . ;'Gb/ ;+;f/ lgdf{0f
ug]{ c7f]6 u/]sf] k'a{ sfo{stf{sf] x}l;otn]
b'O{ ;Ab JoQm gu/L a:g ;s]g .
hgo'4sf] Ph]G8f :yfkgfsf] ljifo ;+u
hf]l8Psf] ljifo lkh8fdf /fv]/ x'ge] P
cj:yf x'g;S5 . of] klg eDeL/
k|s[ltsf] ck/fw g} xf] . of] cgdQf
/ zlQmzfnL k'?ifx?af6 x'g] ck/fw
xf] . pTkfbgdf x'g] lghL :jfldTjsf]
sf/0f dflg;df zlQm k}bf x'G5 . ToxL
zlQmsf] sf/0f o:tf ck/fw x'g] u/]sf
5g\ . To;}n] pTkfbgsf ;fwgdf
ePsf] lglh:jfldTj x6fP/ dfq o:tf
vfnsf ck/fwnfO{ x6fpg ;lsG5 .
s'g} klg ;r]t dfG5]n] of] laifodf
cfk"mnfO{ cfk"mnfO{ tof/L ub{5 .
dflg; dflg;aLrdf sf]xL zlQmzfnL
x'g] / sf]xL lg/Lx x'g] o:tf] aa{/tfk"0f{
Joj:yfnfO{ x6fpg] ;jfn ;a}
dflg;sf] ;femf laifo xf] .
dfG5] zlQmdf cfpg] / pQm
zlQmnfO{ la:t/ ug]{ sfo{ wd{df
cfwfl/t 5 . wd{nfO{ kG5fP/ zf]if0f,
bdg, pTkL8g, cTofrf/, lae]b,
anTsf/ h:tf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg
e] 6 g ;ls+ b } g . dflg; ul/aL,
ef]sdl/, cefj, c;'/Iff / k5fl8
kfg]{ s'/f zf;gJoj:yf g} xf] / of]
wd{sf] cf9df rnfPsf 5g\ . o;n]
dfgjtfnfO{ Wj:t kf/] s f] 5 /
dflg;nfO{ auL{otfdf 9fn]sf] 5 .
o;}n] dflg;nfO{ ljj]sxLg agfPsf]
5 . ;dfhdf ;a}vfndf ;d:ofx?
oxL ljj]sxLgtfaf6 hlGdPsf x'G5g\,
h;df wd{sf] ;fy;xof]u /x]sf] x'G5 .
To;}n] ;r]t dflg; wd{ la/f]wL x'G5 .
d'Vo g]tT[ jsf] 6fpsf] d'No tf]Sbf klg
xhf/f}+ lkh8fsf] k|vf{n v8f ubf{ klg
Tof] ;Dej ePg .lsg ls xfdL ;+u
a}1flgs larf/ lyof] .
sd/]8x?, xfdLn] Pp6} s;d
vfPsf sf]xL ;+;bLo cEof;df 5f} .
sf]xL cw'/f] qmflGt k"/f ug{ eGb} Gofosf]
d}bfgdf 5f} . kl/jt{gsf] df]rf{df
sdfG8/ eP/ hgo'4 n8\g] 3fOt]
of]4fx? z/L/e/L ad / uf]nLsf kf]sf
af]s/] d?e"lddf e]8fsf] uf]7fnf] nfu]/
z/L/sf c+uaf6 lkk lgrf]b{} u'h/f
ul//x]sf 5g\ . d cfkm} klg hLjg
u'h/fs} nfdf] ;do ljb]zL e"ldd}
To;}u/L kl;gf / cfF;' aufP/ kmls{Psf]
x'F . clxn] klg !@ 3G6f >d u/]/
aNntNn afRg ;s]sf] 5' . g]kfnd}
;'Gb/ ;+;f/ b]vs ] f o'jfx? ljb]zdf
cfˆgf] eljio b]Vg' kg]{ u0ftGqdf
Joj:yf elgPsf] 5 .
;lxb kl/jf/ a]kQf kl/jf/df
lrGtf rf;f] / lg/fzf 5fPsf] 5 .
lsgeg] u0ftGq Nofpg]x? clwsf/
dfUg]x? Gofosf] cfjfh af]Ng]x?nfO{
h]ng]n x'ge] P, xfd|f 5f]/f5f]/Ln] aufPsf]
/ut s] sf] nfuL lyof] eGg] efj's
k|:g p7]sf] 5 . tkfO{xF ?sf] lu/ˆtf/Ln]
;lxb kl/jf/nfO{ yk kL8f ylkPsf]
5 . cfb/0fLo sd/]8x?, tkfO{s F f] 3fOt]
z/L/ lkh8fleq latfpg lgs} g} si6
ePsf] xf]nf Oltxf;n] ;a}sf] ;lx
d'Nof+sg ug]5 { . larf/ s;}sf] u'6
7
ljZjJofkL ?kdf anTsf/sf
36gfx? sxflnnfUbf / aa{ /
cj:yfdf 5 . xfdLn] oxfF 36]sf
36gfx? x]bf{ h] b]V5f}+ / eofgs
?kdf ;'G5f},+ ljZjdf Tof] :yfg Psbd
kl5Nnf] l:yltdf 5 . zlQmsf] ;+:sf/
JofKt ePsf] k'FhLjfbL ;dfhdf
dlxnfx? hxfF PSn} e]6\of] ToxfF
cfqmd0f ul/xfNg] ;d:ofn] k'?ifnfO{
ldysx?df kfOg] /fIf;sf] eGbf S¿/
?kdf lrq0f ub{5 . cd]l/sfdf ^
dWo] Ps dlxnf ck/fwsf] a}wflgs
s/0fLdf k/]sf] tYofÍ ;fa{hlgs 5 .
o;sf] dtnj x'G5 k'FhLjfb aa{/
zf;g Joj:yf xf] . o;nfO{ x6fpg'
clxn]sf] ljZjJofkL cfjZostf xf] .
;dfhjfbL /fHoJoj:yf g} ;a}
;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgsf] Psdfq ;dfwfg
xf] . dfgjn] g} Wj:t kf/]sf] dfgj
;Eotf ;dfhjfbn] lgdf{0f ug{;S5 eGg]
s'/f :yflkt dfGotf e};s]sf] 5 . ;a}
;dfhnfO{ Ps}k6sdf ;dfhjfbdf
k|jz] u/fpg' ;Dej x'bF g} . k'h
F L lgdf{0f
x'g g;Sg] s}of}+ ;dfhdf hgjfbsf]
r/0fb]lv g} ;dfhjfbsf] hu a;fNg'kg]{
x'G5 . xfd|f] g]kfnL ;dfh hgjfbL
huaf6 p7\g' k5{ . xfd|f cfˆgf gLlt
sfo{qmd / of]hgf hgjfbsf] hu
a;fNg] / cl3 a9\g] vfnsf] x'gk' 5{ .
clxn] b]lvPsf ;a} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg
To;}leq n'ss ] f] 5 .
xf]Og .larf/ s;}sf] kb xf]Og . larf/
;a{xf/fju{ ;DklQ xf] ;a}n] hf]ufP/
/fVg' k5{ . tkfO{x+ ?nfO{ lkh8fdf s}b
ul/Psf] 5 ;a{xf/fju{ lkh8f guPklg
lkh8fdf a;]h:t} lhGbuL latfpg
laj; 5g\ . larf/nfO{ JolQmut
hLjgdf hf]8g\ x] ? / gftfafb s[kfjfb
/ s';L{jfbdf laSg] xf] eGg] nfdf]
/fhgLlts Oltxf;sf] s'g} cy{ 5}g .
cfb/0fLosd/]8x?, tkfO{F lu/ˆtf/
x'bF f xfdL w]/} b'vL ePsf 5f} . tkfO{x+ ?sf]
ef}lts z/L/nfO{ h]ndf xfn] klg
ljrf/nfO{ eg] s}b ug{ s;}n] ;Sg]
5}gg\ . d}n] x/]s km]/f x/]s df]8df b'O{
rf/ zAb n]Vg] u/]sf] 5' . x'g t dnfO{
s;}n] /fd|f] dfGb}g rfx] qmflGtsf/L kf6L{
xf];\ rfx] ;+;bLo kf6L{df . lsg ls d}n]
unt lrtsf] tTsfn cfnf]rgf ug]{
ub{5' . ToxL eP/ xf]nf ;fob ;a}n]
dnfO{ ToxL ?kdf lnpg] u/]sf] kfp5' .
cfb/0fLo sd/]8x?, dgdf cg]s
;Ab x'bF f x'bF } klg kqdf JoQm ug{ ;s]g .
w]/} n]Vg] eg]/ ;'? u/]sf] lyPF . t/, xft
sfKof], d'6s ' f] e8\sg a9]/ eGg vf]hs] f]
s'/f klg cg]s ;f]r;+u e'Ng k'u5 ] '.
5f]6f] x/km sf]/] . kqsf] cGTodf 5' .
ax';V+ os hgtfsf] ;'Gb/, ;'vb / ;d[4
;+;f/sf] pbosf] nfuL hlt;'s} h]ng]n
/ oftgfsf] ;fdfgf ug{ k/]kgL larf/
;lx eP ;a} ;Dej x'g5 ] .
kqaf6 labf=========
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;/sf/====
u/] klg jftf{sf cfwf/e"t ljifoj:t'
tof/ kf/]sf] 5}g eg] ljb|fx] L kIfnfO{
jftf{ af/] s'g} cf}krfl/s hfgsf/L
u/fPsf] b]lvFb}g, o;n] klg ;/sf/
jftf{kl| t Tolt uDeL/ ePsf] 5 h:tf]
b]vfpb}g a? jftf{sf] q'k kmfn]/
;/sf/ k"/} bdgsf] tof/Ldf 5 ls
eGg] b]vfpF5 .
-^_ ;/sf/ jftf{ eGb} lxFl8/x]sf]
5 t/ cy{ dGqfno ljb|f]xL zlQmsf
d'Vo g]tf ljKnjnfO{ k|sfp ug{ %)
s/f]8 lgsf;L u/]/ u[xdGqfno
k7fPsf] 5 . o;n] klg ;/sf/ s'g}
cj:yfdf klg jftf{ grfx] s f]
b]vfp5 .
-&_ ;/sf/L g]skfdf klg tLj|
cGt/lj/f]w 5 . k|d s]kL cf]nL /
dfwj g]kfnaLr klg kl5Nnf] ;do
b"/L emg\ a9]sf] 5, t/ k|wfgdGqL
jnLn] g]kfn lgs6 dflgg] kf08]nfO{
jftf{ 6f]nLsf] ;+of]hs agfpg' cfkm}dF f
z+sf:kb / pb]snfUbf] 5 . o;n]
klg ;/sf/ jftf{ grfx]sf] xf] ls
eGg] s'/fsf] k'li6 u5{ .
-n] v sM qmflGtsf/L kqsf/
;+u7g g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf x'g ._
;jf] { R r====
x'Fbf df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] nflu
o; cbfntaf6 Pp6} JolQmsf]
u}/sfg'gL y'gfsf] ;DaGwdf k6s–
k6s cfb]z hf/L ug{' k/]sf] ;Gbe{df
sxL o; cbfntsf] cfb]z lg:t]h
kfg]{ / 5Ng] k|oTg ul/Psf] t xf]Og <Ú
eg]/ ;/sf/dfly ;jf]{Rrn] uDeL/
k|Zg p7fOPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
g]tf df]xgaxfb'/ sfsL{ …hLjGtÚ /
s[i0fk|;fb wdnf …uDeL/ÚnfO{ af6f]sf]
Dofbafx]s @$ 306fleq cbfntdf
lnlvt hjfkm;lxt aGbLnfO{
pkl:yt u/fpg ;jf]R{ r cbfntn]
;/sf/nfO{ cfb] z lbPsf] 5 .
u}/sfg'gL ?kdf lu/ˆtf/ u/L k|x/L
lx/f;tdf y'gfdf /fv]sf] hgfpFb} l/xf
ug{ dfu ub} { wdnf k' q r] t g
zdf{åf/f bfo/ aGbL k|ToIfLs/0f
l/6dflysf] z'qmaf/ ePsf] ax;kl5
GofofwLz bLks/fh hf]zLsf] Psn
Ohnf;n] ;/sf/, u[xdGqfno, bfª
k|x/Lnufot ljkIfLx?sf] gfddf cfb]z
ePsf] xf] . ax; Ps gDa/ Ohnf;df
z'qmaf/ ePsf] lyof] . bf];f| ] k6s klg
;jf] { R rsf] cfb] z df l/xf ePsf
g]tfåonfO{ k|x/Ln] ;jf]R{ r cbfnt
kl/;/af6} lu/ˆtf/ u/L csf] {
cleof]udf bfª k'¥ofP/ lhNnf k|x/L
sfof{no 3f]/fxLdf aGbL agfO/flvPsf]
5 . ToxfF pgLx?dfly ad lj:kmf]6sf]
cleof]u nufOPsf] 5 .
o;cl3 sfe| ] / g' j fsf] 6 df
nufOPsf] …cfuhgLÚ / …;+ul7t
ck/fwÚ cleof]u k|dfl0ft x'g g;s]sf]
7x/ ub}{ l/xf ebf} !* / @% df l/xf
ug{ ;jf]{Rrn] cfb]z lbPsf] lyof] .
t/, nuQ} lu/ˆtf/ ul/Psf] lyof] .
u}/sfg'gL ?kdf lu/ˆtf/ u/L y'gfdf
/fv] s f] eGb} l/xfO{ s f] dfu ub} {
b'j}hgfsf] tkm{af6 wdnfsf 5f]/f
r]tg zdf{n] l/6 btf{ u/]sf lyP .
sfsL{ / wdnf;lxt g]skfsf kfFr
kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o ljleGg lhNnfdf
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If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
kbdaxfb'/ /fO{ …ljsf;Ú / cf]dk|sfz
k'g 5g\ . cGo kfFr s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
klg ljleGg cleof] u df k| x /L
lx/f;td} 5g\ .
g]skfdflysf]=====
Joj:yf ;'b9[ x'g] atfpFb} To;nfO{
/f] S g r' g fj layf] N g] / ljhoL
pDd]bjf/nfO{ tTsfn /fhLgfdf lbg
pbL{ hf/L ug]{ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lyof] .
r'gfjs} a]nf klg pDd]åf/x?nfO{
pDd]åf/L lkmtf{ lng cfu|x ul/Psf]
lyof] . w]/n} ] lkmtf{ ;d]t lnPsf lyP .
g]skf ebf} ! ut]bl] v rf/ dlxg]
;+u7g lj:tf/ tyf ;'b9[ cleofgdf
xf]ldPsf] cj:yf 5 . o;sf] k|efj
b]ze } / tNnf] tx;Dd k/]sf] / ;+u7g
lgdf{0f tyf lj:tf/ / hgk|ltlglwnfO{
/fhLgfdf lbg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{
sfo{qmd rln/x]sf] 5 .
o:t}lardf zlgaf/ sflnsf]6
lhNnfsf] g/xl/gfy ufpFkflnsfsf]
j8f gDa/ ^ / & sf j8f cWoIfn]
:yfgLo txdf l;+xb/af/sf] e|i6 /
sld;gvf]/n] :yfg cf]u6]sf] eGb}
lj/f]w:j?k /fhLgfdf lbPsf 5g\ .
o;/L /fhLgfdf lbg]df j8f g+= ^ sf
t'n/fh ljs …b}n]vLÚ / j8f g+= &
sf bnaxfb'/ ljs …k|sfzÚ /x]sf
5g\ . pgLx?n] /fhLgfdf lbg'sf]
k5fl8 sf/0fx?df ufpFdf 7"nf ;fgf
kbsf ;a} hgk|ltlglwx? e|i6rf/
/ sld;gdf 8' a ] s f] / o;af6
;dfhnfO{ cFWof/f] ;'?ªtkm{ ws]Ng]
sfd ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ .
k"jj{ 8fWoIf ljsåon] s]Gb|bl] v
k|b]z ;/sf/ hgtfsf] Ph]08f /
qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf ;fy} ltgsf
g]tf sfo{stf{ dfly kmfl;i6 tl/sfn]
r/d bdgdf pq]sf]n] g}ltstfsf
cfwf/df /fhLgfdf lbg afWo ePsf]
k|li6s/0f lbPsf 5g\ . v'Nnf ?kdf
/fhgLlts bn vf]Ng kfpg], ljrf/
/ cleJolQm, sfo{qmd hgtfdfem
n}hfg kfpg] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgn] g}
lbPsf]df ;/sf/n] To;ljk/Lt bdg
/ lu/ˆtf/ h:tf u}/sfg'gL /j}of
sfod /fv]sf] pgLx?sf] wf/0ff 5 .
…l;+xb/af/ ufpFufpFdf cfPsf]
gSsnL /x]5, of] Joj:yf ljsf;
vr{d} rsf]{ sldzg, e|i6rf/ / k};f
vfP/ sd{ r f/L egf{ ug] { /x] 5 Ú
/fhLgfdf lbPkl5 bnaxfb'/n] eg]
…hgtfaf6 rsf]{ s/ p7fP/ uf]hLdf
xfNg] sfddf ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf
/ pkfWoIf nfu]kl5 xfd|f] lj/f]wsf
cfjfh sfd nfu]g / of] s8f sbd
rfNg k¥of] .Ú pgLx?n] g]skfdfly
/fHon] hf/L /fv]sf] u}/sfg'gL ?kdf
bdg / x:tIf]k u/]sf]k|lt ;d]t
c;xdlt hgfP . ltgsf g]tf /
sfo{stf{nfO{ v'nf ?kdf /fhgLlt
cleofgdf efu lng lbg'kg]{ atfP .
g] s kfn] u/] s f] hgk| l tlglwsf]
/fhLgfdfsf] cfXjfgkl5 otf
/fhLgfdf lbP/ ljsåon] klxnf] /]s8{
agfPsf 5g\ . /fhLgfdfsf] nx/
casf lbgdf b]ze } / rNg] ljZjf;
g]skfsf g]tfx?n] u/]sf 5g\ . ;fy}
p;n] /fhLgfdf lbP/ /fli6«otf /
hgtfsf] kIfdf / hg3ftL,
e|i6frf/Llj?4 cfk"mnfO{ pEofpg klg
;Dk"0f{ hgk|ltlglwx?nfO{ cfXjfg
u/]sf] 5 . of] /fhLgfdf 36gfnfO{
g]skfsf] /fhgLlts k|efjsf] ?kdf
/fhgLlts j[Qdf x]l/Psf] 5 . g]skfn]
lnPsf] jt{ d fg bnfn ;+ ; bLo
Joj:yfsf] ;f6f] j}1flgs ;dfhjfb
:yfkgfsf] nIonfO{ glhs Nofpg
d2t k'¥ofpg] ljZjf; /fhgLlts
ljZn] i fsx?n] u/] s f 5g\ .
/fhLgfdfsf] 36gf ePsf] If]q g]skf
k|jQmf k|sf08sf] u[x gu/ xf] .
;/sf/sf]=====
utljlw ul//x]sf] 7x/ ub}{ pgnfO{
u}/sfg'gL y'gfdf /fv]/ j}olQms
:jtGqtfsf] xs s'l07t ug]{ clwsf/
;/sf/, ltgsf dftxftsf lgsfo /
lgsfodf sfo{ / t lhDd] j f/
clwsf/LnfO{ gePsf] 7x/ ;d]t u/]sf]
5 . ;a}nfO{ o;k|lt uDeL/ aGg ;d]t
;'/IffsdL{nfO{ ;r]t u/fOPsf] 5 .
cbfntsf] cfb]zsf] kfnfgf ;/sf/n]
gu/]sf] 7x/ ub}{ cfb]zdf elgPsf] 5
cbfntaf6 Pp6} JolQmsf] u}/sfg'gL
y'gfsf] ;Gbe{df sxL o; cbfntsf]
cfb]z lg:t]h kfg]{ / 5Ng] k|oTg
ul/Psf] t xf]Og < eGg] cfz+sfsf]
cfef; ;d]t x'g uPsf] 5 .
To:t} ljlwsf] zf;g ePsf]
nf]stflGqs d'ns ' df cbfntsf] cfb]z
pNn+3g ug{' IfDo x'g g;Sg] km};nf
ub}{ cfb]z kfngf u/fpg ;+ljwfgsf]
!@* -$_ sf] cwLgdf /xL cGo
pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{k' g]{ cj:yf
cfpg ;Sg]tkm{ ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f
u/fPsf] 5 . z'qmaf/ k|sf08sf] aGbL
k|ToIfLs/0f l/6 lgj]bgdfly ePsf]
cfb]zsf] k"0f{kf7M
;jf]R{ r cbfnt, ;+oQ
' m Ohnf;
dfggLo GofofwLz >L clgns'df/
l;Gxf
dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfzdfg
l;+x /fpt
cfb]z )&%–WH–))@*
ljifoM aGbL k|ToIfLs/0f .
v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ k|sf08sf]
xsdf jL/]Gb| ljZjsdf{ ==== lgj]bs
lj?4
k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
sfof{no, sf7df8f}F ;d]t ==== ljkIfL
lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L
k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf
lgj]bssf] tkm{af6 ljåfg\ jl/i7
clwjQmfx? >L r08]Zj/ >]i7, >L
t'n;L e§, >L pk]Gb| s]z/L Gof}kfg],
>L Ps/fh e08f/L, >L z]/axfb'/
s]=;L=, 8f= >L ;'/]Gb| e08f/L / 8f=
>L rGb|sfGt 1jfnL tyf ljåfg
clwjQmfx? >L slknrGb| kf]v/]n,
>L ;'lgn kf]v/]n, >L of]u]Gb|axfb'/
clwsf/L, >L v]dfgGb clwsf/L, >L
lzjs' d f/ ofbj, >L xl/axfb' /
v8\sf, 8f= ;'lgnk|;fb vltj8f, >L
lr/~hLlj 9sfn, >L dw' s ' d f/
rf}nfufO{, >L ljgf]bs'df/ clwsf/L,
>L n]vgfy :j0f{sf/ / ljkIfL g]kfn
;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;xGofofwLjQmf >L
Zofds'df/ e§/fO{n] ug{'ePsf] ax;
;d]t ;'lgof] .
o;df y'gfdf /x]sf v8\uaxfb'/
ljZjsdf{sf] xsdf lghsf efO{ jL/]Gb|
ljZjsdf{n] d]/f] bfh' v8\uaxfb'/nfO{
u}/sfg'gL y'gfdf /fv]sf]n] y'gfaf6
d' Q m ul/kfpF egL aGbL
k|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6 lgj]bg bfo/
ug{'ePsf]df lgj]bsnfO{ bfª lhNnf
t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f
gDa/ % 3 nfOgdf ad ljikmf]6 u/fO{
8\o'6Ldf vl6Psf DofbL k|x/L ljgf]b
rf}w/L ;d]t ( hgf 3fOt] ePsf]df
3fOt] ljgf]b rf}w/Lsf] pkrf/sf]
qmddf d[ T o' ePsf] s;' / sf]
cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf kqmfp u/L bfª,
lhNnf cbfnt b]pv'/Laf6 ldltM
@)&%.%.@) af6 nfu" x'g] u/L klxnf]
k6s lbg * Dofb yk lnO{
| M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
] , b]jLgu/, kmf]gM %!&@^%%
cg';Gwfgdf /x]sf]n] u}/sfg'gL y'gfdf
g/flvPsf] eGg] ljkIfLsf] lnlvt
hjfkm /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
o;df ldltM @)&%.%.!,
@)&%.%.& / @)&%.%.!* ut] log}
lgj] b s ePsf] qmdzM aGbL
k|ToIfLs/0f )&%–WH–)))^, )&%–
WH–)))(, )&%–WH–))!^ ad
l/6 lgj]bgx?df lgj]bsnfO{ y'gfdf
/fVbf afWofTds ?kn] kfngf ug{k' g]{
sfo{ljlw kfng gul/Psf], y'gfdf
/fVg cg'dlt dfUbf / lbFbf s] s'g
k|of]hgsf lglDt y'gfdf /fVg'kg]{ xf] <
;f]sf] cfwf/ / sf/0f vf]nL cfb]z
u/]sf] gkfOPsf] eGg] ;d]t sf/0f
b]vfO{ o; cbfntaf6 k6s–k6s
aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L
ePsf] b]lvof] . xfn bfª lhNnf,
t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+=
% 3 nfOgdf ad ljikmf]6 u/fO{ st{Jo
Hofg d'2fdf ljkIfL lhNnf k|x/L
sfof{no bfªn] ldlt @)&%.%.@)
b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L lx/f;tdf /fvL
cg';Gwfg u/L kfpF egL cg'dlt dfu
u/]sf]df ldlt @)&%.%.@$ df bfª
b]pv'/L lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt
@)&%.%.@& ;Dd klxnf] k6s lbg
* Dofb yk u/]sf] b]lvG5 . oL
aGbLnfO{ ;d]t kqmfp ug{ ldlt
@)&%.%.!( -r=g+= ^!*_ af6 bfª
b]pv'/L lhNnf cbfnt;dIf Onfsf
k|x/L sfof{no t'n;Lk'/ bfªaf6
cfg'dlt dfu u/]sf]df ;f]xL ldltdf
pQm cbfntaf6 lghnfO{ kqmfp
ug{k' g]{ oy]i6 ;a'b k|df0fx? ldl;n
;+nUg /x], ePsf] gb]lvPsf] sf/0f
hgfO{ kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug{ OGsf/
u/]kl5 ;f]xL 36gfsf] ljifodf ldlt
@)&%.%.@) df h?/L kqmfp k"hL{
hf/L u/L l/6 lgj]bsnfO lhNnf k|x/L
sfof{no ef]hk'/sf] ldlt @)&%.%.@)
-r=g+= $)&_ ad] kq;fy Onfsf
k|x/L sfof{no t'n;Lk'/ k7fOPsf] /
ldlt @)&%.%.@$ df @)&%.%.@)
b]lv @)&%.%.@& ;Ddsf] nflu bfª
b]pv'/L lhNnf cbfntaf6 Dofb yk
u/]sf] b]lvP tfklg Dofb yk u/]sf]
cfb]zdf Dofb yk ug{'kg]{ cfwf/ /
sf/0f pNn]v ePsf] b]lvPg . ldlt
@)&%.%.@* b] l v cfh ldlt
@)&%.%.@( ;Dd lbg @ Dofb yk
u/]sf] klg ldl;naf6 b]lvg cfPg .
k6sv:–k6s o; cbfntaf6
cfb]z eO{ aGbLnfO{ 5f8\bf klg tyf
ldlt @)&%.%.!( df kqmfp k"hL{
hf/L ug{ cg'dlt k|bfg gePsf]
cj:yfdf ;d] t lg/Gt/ y' g fdf
/flvPsf] sfo{nfO{ sfg'g;Ddtsf]
y'gf eGg ;lsg] cj:yf /x]sf] dfGg
ldn]g . o;/L sfg'gL k|lqmof g} k"/f
gu/L lgj]bsnfO{ k'gM kqmfp u/L
y'gfdf /fv]sf] sfo{nfO{ sfg'g;Ddt
eGg ldNg] gb]lvFbf lgj]bg dfu
cg';f/ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL,
@)&$ sf] lgod #& -s_ adf]lhd
aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L
x'g] 7x5{ .
oL l/6 lgj]bsnfO{ u}/sfg'gL
y'gfdf /fv]sf] ;DaGwdf o; cbfntn]
ldlt @)&%.%.!, @)&%.%.@& /
@)&%.%.!* df ;d]t u/L tLg
k6s;Dd aGbLnfO{ d'Qm ul/lbg" egL
aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L
u/]kZrft klg cbfnt kl/;/sf]
;]/f]km]/f]af6} tTsfn} oL lgj]bsnfO{
kqmfp u/L y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg]
lgj]bssf] syg /x]sf] b]lvPsf] /
lgj]bsnfO{ lg/Gt/ y'gfdf /fv]sf]
sf= lh=;fn
k|= ebf}
b]lvPsf] kl/k|I] odf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn]
k|Tofe"t u/]sf] j}olQms :jtGqtfsf]
xssf] pkef]u ug{af6 oL lgj]bs
al~rt x'g uPsf] ljifodf of] Ohnf;
;+j]bgzLn ePsf] 5 .
gful/ssf] df}lns xs s'l07t
x'Fbf df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] nflu
o; cbfntaf6 Pp6} JolQmsf]
u}/sfg'gL y'gfsf] ;DaGwdf k6s–
k6s cfb]z hf/L ug{' k/]sf] ;Gbe{df
sxL o; cbfntsf] cfb]z lg:t]h
kfg]{ / 5Ng] k|oTg ul/Psf] t xf]Og <
eGg] cfz+sfsf] cfef; ;d]t x'g
uPsf] 5 . ljlwsf] zf;g ePsf]
nf]stflGqs d'n'sdf o:tf] sfo{
sbflk IfDo x' g ;Sb} g / o;
cbfntn] u/]sf] cfb]zsf] dof{bfsf]
kfngfsf] nflu g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf]
wf/f !@* -$_ sf] clwgdf /xL cGo
pko'Qm cfb]z ;d]t hf/L ug{k' g]{
cj:yf cfpg ;Sb5 . o:tf] cj:yf
cfpg glbg /fHosf lgsfox? cem
a9L uDeL/ / lhDd]jf/ x'g} kb{5 .
gful/ssf] j}olQms :jtGqtfsf]
pkef]usf] ljifodf ;/sf/ tyf
;/sf/ dftxtsf lgsfox?
c;+jb] gzLn / u}/lhDd]jf/ x'g] 5'6sf]
nflu of] cbfnt df}g /xg g;Sg]tkm{
ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;/sf/
dftxtsf lgsfox? / lhDd]jf/
kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;d] t uDeL/
Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsf] 5 . ctM oL
l/6 lgj]bsnfO{ u}/sfg'gL y'gfdf
/fv] s f] b] l vF b f cfh} aGbL
k| T oIfLs/0fsf] cfb] z hf/L x' g ]
7x/] s f] n ] lgh v8\ u axfb' /
ljZjsdf{nfO{ u}/sfg'gL y'gfaf6 o;
cbfntsf d'Vo /lhi6«f/sf] /f]xj/df
5f8L ;f]sf] lg:;f ldl;n ;fd]n
/fVg" . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bssf] cfb]zsf]
k"0f{kf7 tof/ ug{ ;do nfUg] x'bF f of]
;+lIfKt cfb]z hf/L ul/lbPsf] 5 .
GofofwLz GofofwLz
O{lt ;Djt\ @)&% ;fn ebf} @(
ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ ==== .
nkm·f=====
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