DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
ABSTRAK.................................................................................i
ABSTRACT...............................................................................iii
KATA PENGANTAR.................................................................v
DAFTAR ISI..............................................................................vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR..................................................................ix
DAFTAR TABEL.......................................................................xi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN
I.1 Latar Belakang......................................................................1
I.2 Perumusan Masalah..............................................................5
I.3 Tujuan Penelitian..................................................................5
I.4 Manfaat Penelitian................................................................5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

II.1 Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis)..........................................6
II.2 Minyak Gaharu....................................................................8
II.3 Metode Ekstraksi Konvensional..........................................10
II.3.1 Hydrodistillation.......................................................11
II.3.2 Steam Distillation......................................................12
II.3.3 Steam-Hydrodistillation............................................13
II.4 Metode Ekstraksi dengan Gelombang Mikro ......................14
II.4.1 Microwave hydrodistillation (MHD).........................16
II.4.2 Microwave Accelerated Steam Distillation...............17
II.4.3 Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction (SFME)............19
II.5 Parameter Minyak Atsiri......................................................21
II.5.1 Berat Jenis.................................................................21
II.5.2 Kelarutan...................................................................21
II.6 Penelitian Terdahulu............................................................22

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

III.1 Garis Besar Penelitian........................................................27

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III.2 Bahan dan Alat...................................................................27
III.2.1 Bahan Untuk Distilasi...........................................27
III.2.2 Deskripsi Peralatan Penelitian...............................27
III.2.1 Peralatan untuk Metode MHD..................27
III.2.2 Peralatan untuk MetodeSFME..................29
III.3 Prosedur Penelitian.............................................................30
III.3.1 Metode MHD........................................................30
III.3.2 Metode SFME.......................................................30
III.4 Diagram Alir Penelitian......................................................32
III.5 Kondisi Operasi dan Variabel Penelitian............................34
III.5.1 Kondisi Operasi.....................................................34
III.5.2 Variabel Penelitian.................................................34
III.6 Besaran Penelitian yang Diukur.........................................35

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

IV.1 Proses Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri dari Gaharu.......................36
IV.2 Parameter yang Berpengaruh pada Ekstraksi
Minyak Gaharu dengan Metode MHD dan SFME.............37
IV.2.1 Pengaruh Daya terhadap Yield...............................37
IV.2.2 Pengaruh Lama Waktu terhadap Yield...................41
IV.2.3 Pengaruh Rasio Massa Bahan Baku dengan
Volume Distiller terhadap Yield...........................44
IV.2.4 Pengaruh Rasio antara Massa Bahan Baku
dengan Volume Solvent terhadap Yield...............46
IV.3 Hasil Analisa Properti Fisik dan Kimia ..............................48
IV.3.1 Hasil Analisa SEM Gaharu....................................50
IV.3.2 Hasil Analisa GC-MS Minyak Gaharu..................52
V.1 Kesimpulan..........................................................................58
V.2 Saran .................................................................................59
DAFTAR PUSTAKA.................................................................xii

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar II.1 Tanaman gaharu.............................................7

Gambar II.2 Skema peralatan hydrodistillation..................12
Gambar II.3 Skema peralatan steam-distillation.................13
Gambar II.4 Skema peralatan steam-
hydrodistillation.............................................14
Gambar II.5 Skema peralatan MAE....................................17
Gambar II.6 Skema peralatan MASD..................................19
Gambar II.7 Skema peralatan SFME..................................21
Gambar III.1 Skema peralatan metode MHD.......................28
Gambar III.2 Skema peralatan metode SFME......................29
Gambar III.3 Diagram alir penelitian untuk
ekstraksi minyak gaharu dengan
menggunakan metode MHD...........................32
Gambar III.4 Diagram alir penelitian untuk ekstraksi
minyak gaharu dengan menggunakan
metodeSFME.................................................33
Gambar IV.1 Pengaruh daya microwave terhadap
yield minyak gaharu yang diperoleh
dengan metode MHD.....................................38
Gambar IV.2 Perbandingan yield minyak gaharu
yang diperoleh dengan metode
microwave hydrodistillation
dan solvent-free microwave ...........................39
Gambar IV.3 Skema dari transfer massa
dan panas selama microwave
hydrodistillation dan solvent
-free microwave extraction.............................40
Gambar IV.4 Pengaruh lama waktu terhadap yield
yang diperoleh dengan metode MHD.............42
Gambar IV.5 Pengaruh lama waktu terhadap yield
yang diperoleh dengan metode SFME............43
Gambar IV.6 Pengaruh rasio massa bahan baku distiller
dengan metode SFME....................................45

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Gambar IV.7 Pengaruh rasio massa bahan distiller
dengan metode MHD......................................47
Gambar IV.8 Hasil ekstraksi dengan metode
MHD danSFME...............................................49
Gambar IV.9 Hasil SEM dari gaharu dengan
perbesaran 1.000 kali......................................51

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel II.1 Perbandingan metode ekstraksi

minyak gaharu.....................................................10
Tabel II.6 Penelitian terdahulu.............................................22
Tabel IV.1 Komponen dari minyak gaharu yang
diekstraksi dengan
metode MHD dan SFME.....................................54
Tabel IV.2 Klasifikasi produk mutu gaharu
berdasarkan SNI..................................................55

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