NZDE Civil Major Courses Lecture Guides Oct 2010

NZDE(Civil) Page 1 Civil Common & Elective courses
Lecturers Guides Post Consultation version – Oct 2010
New Zealand Diploma in Engineering

NZDE(Civil)
Civil Major Courses

(Core Compulsories not included)
LECTURERS GUIDES
Post Consultation version - Oct 2010

New Zealand Diploma in Engineering (Civil)

NZDE (Civil)
LECTURERS GUIDES
CONTENTS
DE4201 MATERIALS (CIVIL) ...................................................................................................................... 3

DE4202 LAND SURVEYING 1 .................................................................................................................... 6
DE5201 STRUCTURES 1 ............................................................................................................................. 9
DE5202 CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DRAWING ............................................................................................ 11
DE5203 HYDRAULICS (CIVIL) ................................................................................................................. 13
DE5204 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 1 ....................................................................................................... 16
DE5205 ENGINEERING SURVEYING ...................................................................................................... 19
DE5206 STRUCTURES 2 .......................................................................................................................... 21
DE5207 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1 ........................................................................................... 23
DE6201 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 2 ........................................................................................... 25
DE6202 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 2 ....................................................................................................... 27
DE6203 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING ............................................................................................................ 29
DE6204 STRUCTURES 3 .......................................................................................................................... 32
DE6205 WATER- AND WASTEWATER SYSTEMS................................................................................. 34
DE6206 WATER- AND WASTE MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................... 36
DE6207 LAND SURVEYING 2 .................................................................................................................. 39
Introductory Note
The Learning Outcomes (LOs) in the Course Descriptors of the unified diploma have been
formulated in broad terms. The purpose of the Lecturers Guides (LGs) is to assist course presenters
in the interpretation of the Course Descriptors. It provides guidance on the depth and extent of
coverage to be achieved in the Learning Outcomes. As such the LGs also provide parameters and
set boundaries for national examiners and moderators.
The LGs must not be viewed as a prescription. It is not an attempt to put any constraints on delivery
models or instructional/learning strategies. There has been some debate about the format of the
LGs., which included a request that we must avoid starting the amplification of the LOs with
prescriptive verbs (eg, explain, define, describe, etc.). The other side of the debate argued that the
depth of cognitive skill inherent in the action verb provides useful guidance on the depth and extent
of knowledge or skill set expected. After careful consideration it was decided to retain the current
format, at least for a trial period. If we find it does not work for us, we can easily change it.
This compilation of Lecturers Guides has been produced and refined following consultation with
prospective providers. The project coordinator has as far as possible incorporated all feedback
received. A judgment call was required in cases where contradictory feedback was received.
Feedback that strayed outside the brief of the LGs could not be accommodated because the the
consultation on LGs did not provide a forum for changes to the Course Descriptors.
The LGs reside in the domain of the Discipline Sub Committee. In future, any recommendations for
additions or amendments to the LGs must be processed through this Committee. Each participating
training provider has a representative on this Committee.
The LGs for the Common Compulsory courses (courses common to the three engineering
disciplines) fall in the domain of the combined Management Committee. The Lecturers Guides for
these courses are published under separate cover.
Many thanks to all the respondents who contributed to this document.
Project Coordinator
DE4201 MATERIALS (CIVIL)
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1. Identify and describe the composition of minerals and rocks, and discuss soil & rock
formation processes
1.1 Describe the common rock-forming minerals and examine the formation and properties of
rocks
1.1.1 Explain the relationship between elements, minerals, & rocks
1.1.2 Discuss the rock cycle
1.1.3 Classify the main rock types and describe their formation
1.1.4 Discuss the main physical properties of rocks.
1.1.5 Describe how clastic (mechanical), organic, & chemically precipitated sedimentary
rocks are formed
1.1.6 Outline the general distribution of the three primary rock groups in New Zealand
1.1.7 Identify the main sources of aggregates and types of rock suitable for earthworks,
roading, concrete, pipe bedding and service protection
1.2 Identify the effects of common geomorphological processes with reference to the work done
by water, ice, wind, mass movement, coastal erosion and deposition.
1.2.1 Describe the processes of mechanical and chemical weathering
1.2.2 Describe the causes of, and various types of landsliding
1.2.3 Describe the erosional and depositional work of rivers and the features produced by
them
1.2.4 Describe the erosional and depositional influence of waves and the coastal features
produced by them. Consider this in conjunction with predictions for sea level rise and
the effects of climate change on wave action.
1.2.5 Describe the main features and deposits formed by past glaciations.
2. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of physical and structural geology and

interpret geological maps
2.1 Describe physical and structural geology and interpret geological maps
2.1.1 Identify folds, faults, joints, & unconformities
2.1.2 Describe how folds, faults, joints, & unconformities are formed
2.1.3 Illustrate the typical symbols for dip and strike, faults,and folds.
2.1.4 Determine outcrop patterns caused by folding, faulting, and unconformities
2.1.5 Deduce geologic history from maps and sections.
3. Describe the causes and effects of earthquakes
3.1 Overview of earthquake terminology, causes, magnitude, plate tectonics, effects of

earthquakes, case studies
4. Describe and evaluate the properties and applications of concrete, steel, timber and new
materials in Civil Engineering
4.1 Describe the properties and applications of concrete in Civil Engineering works
4.1.1 Describe the properties and desirable characteristics of the constituents of concrete
(cement, sand, coarse aggregate, admixtures)
4.1.2 Carry out mix design and conduct testing of concrete
4.1.3 Discuss the properties of concrete (tensile and compressive strength, durability and
soundness)
4.1.4 Describe the effects of a range of admixtures on the properties of concrete, and
identify applications for admixtures
4.1.5 Discuss the effects of, and best practice associated with, cold weather and hot
weather concreting
4.1.4 Discuss the limitations and applications of site and ready mix concrete
4.1.5 Discuss the properties and applications of mortars and grouts
4.1.6 Discuss the properties and applications of special types including fibre reinforced,
lightweight and high density concrete.
4.2 Describe the properties and applications of steel and other metals in Civil Engineering works
4.2.1 Discuss the properties of steel and the uses of steel in Civil Engineering applications
(tensile strength, elastic properties, hardness, fatigue and ductility)
4.2.2 Discuss briefly the properties and applications of other metals used in Civil
Engineering
4.2.3 Discuss briefly the corrosion of metals, how it affects their properties, and protection
measures.
4.2.4 Discuss commonly used jointing methods for metal components.
4.3 Describe the properties and applications of timber in Civil Engineering works
4.3.1 Describe the properties of commonly used timbers (- tensile, compressive-, shear
strength, durability, density)
4.3.2 Moisture states (Fibre saturation point, moisture movement, shrinking, swelling,
equilibrium moisture content, influence of moisture on strength)
4.3.3 Timber Seasoning, conversion, defects, preservation methods, classification
4.3.4 Discuss the properties and applications of preserved timbers
4.3.5 Discuss the properties and applications of other timber products (Glulam, plywood,
board products).
4.3.6 Discuss the problems relating to leaky homes – how this problem was allowed to
occur and how engineers need to prevent similar mistakes being made in future.
4.4 Describe the properties and applications of other materials used in Civil Engineering works
4.4.1 Discuss the properties and applications of recently developed materials
(geosynthetics, plastics, fiberglass, polyethylenes)
LEARNING AND TEACHING RESOURCES

Prescribed Resources :
No Prescribed Resources.
Recommended Resources:
• NZMP 3100 (latest version). NZ Guide to Concrete Construction. Cement & Concrete
Association of NZ & Standards New Zealand.
• BRANZ. (latest version). Selecting Timber, A guide to choosing timber for use in building.
• Buchanan, A. (ed.). (latest version). Timber Design Guide. NZ Timber Industry Federation Inc.
DE4202 LAND SURVEYING 1
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1. Understand basic principles of land surveying and use survey instruments.
1.1 Introduce the principles of land surveying

1.1.1 Describe the different types and orders of accuracy of land surveys, including ,
control, topographical, geodetic and engineering surveys.
1.1.2 Explain the concept of ‘working from the whole to the part’ and the difference
between accuracy and precision.
1.1.3 Explain the importance of redundant measurements and the use of check
procedures.
1.1.4 Identify statutory sources of survey information including LINZ and territorial
authorities.
1.1.5 Describe surveying units of measurement in use in NZ and internationally. (angular,
distance, temperature, pressure, area and volume, slopes, fundamental trig metric
functions, scales)
1.1.6 Explain the general theory of measurement including significant figures and the
rounding of measurement quantities
1.1.7 Explain errors in measurement including random, systematic and gross errors
1.1.8 Understand the qualities and the necessity of good field notes
1.1.9 How to operate safely whilst conducting a survey including hazard identification and
mitigation and an introduction to HSE Act.
1.2 Set Up, Calibration and Care of Survey Instruments and Targets
1.2.1 Survey instruments are set up in accordance with manufacturers’ specifications
1.2.2 Calibration of survey instruments in accordance with manufacturers’ specifications
(automatic level, total station, optical plummet.)
1.2.3 Care and handling of survey instruments in accordance with manufacturers’
specifications
1.2.4 Centre instruments and targets over survey marks
1.2.5 A stable observing platform is provided in accordance with instrument requirements
2. Understand and apply fundamental principles and techniques of levelling, traversing and
co-ordinate calculations, and errors distribution
2.1 Understand levelling fundamentals and associated tasks

2.1.1 Explain the fundaments of levelling. (reduced level, mean sea level, vertical datum, the
vertical, level line & plane, horizontal line & plane, bench mark, orders of accuracy.)
2.1.2 Describe differential levelling equipment.
2.1.3 Equipment is calibrated and sources of error are identified
2.1.4 Field observations are undertaken and observations are reduced using the rise and
fall, and the Height of Plane of Collimation methods
2.1.5 All calculations are checked in accordance with workplace procedures
2.1.6 Differential levelling mis-closures are calculated and reduced levels are adjusted in
relation to the number of setups
2.2 Understand traversing fundamentals and perform co-ordinate calculations

2.2.1 Elements of two dimensional figures are solved from supplied data in accordance
with industry standards
2.2.2 Closure and adjustment of bearings in multi-line traverses in accordance with survey
industry standards and job specifications
2.2.3 Field measured bearings and distances are combined to create a closed traverse in
accordance with survey industry standards or job specification.
2.2.4 Errors in measurement are recognised and eliminated or measurement repeated.
2.2.5 Traverse mis-closures are adjusted by the Bowditch method
2.2.6 Co-ordinates are calculated for all marks in a closed traverse and for hanging lines.
3. Use equipment and apply techniques for field and distance measurements
3.1 Undertake, record and reduce field measurements using the Rise and/or Fall and Height of
Plane of Collimation methods with an automatic level
3.2 Undertake, record and reduce vertical and horizontal angular field measurements with a Total
Station
3.2.1 Methods of horizontal angular measurement, recording and reducing are selected.
(method of directions, carry the bearing forward method, closing the horizon, method
of rounds.)
3.2.2 Undertake direct angular observations for a link traverse
3.2.3 Undertake direct angular station observations for a loop traverse
3.2.3 Horizontal angular mis-closures are adjusted proportionally in relation to the number
of setups
3.3 Undertake, record and reduce distance measurements

3.3.1 Explain the fundamentals of distance measure. (vertical height, vertical angle, slope
distance, horizontal distance, mean sea level distance.)
3.3.2 Taping measurements and field data are manually recorded and reduced in
accordance with best practice
3.3.3 Understand the concepts of Electromagnetic distance Measurement (EDM). (Phase
Shift and Pulsed Laser methods, pressure & temperature corrections, constant and
systematic errors
3.3.4 Slope and mean sea level corrections are applied to distance measurements.
3.4 An introduction to Global Navigation Satellite Systems

3.4.1 Describe the development of GPS and its impact on surveying
3.4.2 Identify the components / segments of GPS
3.4.3 Explain GPS positioning methods including code ranging and carrier phase
measurements
3.4.4 Identify error sources of GPS including atmospheric, clock, orbit, satellite geometry,
multipath and antennae error

• Uren, J., Price, W.F. (latest version) Surveying for Engineers, MacMillan, London.
• Bannister, A., Raymond, S., Baker, R., (latest version), Surveying, Longman Scientific and
Technical, Harlow, U.K.
• Schofield, W., Breach, M. (latest version). Engineering Surveying. Butterworth-Heinemann,
Oxford, UK
DE5201 STRUCTURES 1
RECOMMENDED PREREQUISITE
DE4101 Engineering Fundamentals
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1. Calculate stresses and strains caused by axial forces, shear forces and bending
moments
1.1 Review simple stress and strain.

1.2 Determine relationship between stress and strain for elastic materials.
1.4 Define proof stress, elastic limit stress and ultimate stress.
1.5 Explain Poisson’s ratio.
1.6 Explain stresses and strains associated with temperature, creep and shrinkage.
1.7 Describe the theory of simple bending.
1.8 Describe direct-, shear-, torsion- and bending stresses and their distribution within the
cross section of a structural element.
1.9 Calculate direct shear and bending stresses for various cross sections.
1.10 Describe the idealised stress and strain relationship for plastic behaviour, and calculate
plastic section modulus for simple steel cross sections.
1.11 Calculate elastic second moment of area and section modulus for simple shapes
2. Analyse simple structural elements and structures
2.1 Analyse statically determinate beams

2.1.1 Define determinacy and indeterminacy, and determine the degree of indeterminacy
of beams
2.1.2 Describe theoretical and actual types of beam support. Be able to classify a support
type from a photo or drawing.
2.1.3 Calculate the support reactions for statically determinate beams
2.1.4 Define shear force and bending moment and describe sign convention.
2.1.5 Calculate shear forces and bending moments and sketch shear force diagrams and
bending moment diagrams for:
- simply supported beams,
- determinate beams with pins, cantilevers and
- determinate beams with applied moments and forces in any direction.
2.1.6 Identify critical sections of the beams in 2.1.5 (locate points of contraflexure and
maximum bending moment).
2.1.7 Define deflection and calculate deflections using standard (supplied) formulae.
2.2 Analyse trusses using method of joints and method of sections.

2.2.1 Define conditions of equilibrium.
2.2.2 Analyse trusses using resolution of forces and method of sections
2.3 Analyse simple columns.

2.3.1 Understand and describe end conditions and determine slenderness ratio
2.3.2 Calculate the Euler buckling loads.
2.3.3 Analyse short columns with uni-axial bending
3. Determine the loads on and design statically determinate steel and timber beams
3.1 Introduction to Loads on structures

3.1.1 Explain permanent actions and short term and long term imposed actions to the latest
versions of AS/NZS1170.0 and AS/NZS1170.1.
3.1.2 Explain load factors and combinations of loads
3.1.3 Calculate permanent and imposed actions for floors and horizontal and sloping roofs
for ultimate and serviceability limit states and draw loading diagrams.
3.2 Design steel and timber beams

3.2.1 Describe Limit State concepts (Strength limit state and Serviceability limit state)
3.2.3 Describe ultimate limit state design philosophy
3.2.4 Evaluate lateral stability of beams
3.1.5 Design a steel beam for Strength and Serviceability Limit States, both with and without
full lateral restraint (Use αs, given αm =1. Use supplied section data).
3.2.6 Design a rectangular timber beam for Strength and Serviceability Limit States, using k1
and k8 factors

Most textbooks dealing with simple structural analysis will contain useful information. Two in the
large range available are listed below, but there are many others.
1. Hibbeler, R.C. (latest version)). Structural Analysis. Prentice Hall, Singapore.
2. Whitlow, R. (latest version). Materials and Structures. Longman Scientific and Technical, London.
3. NZS3603: Timber Structures Standard
4. NZS3404: Steel Structures Standard
5. NZS1170: Structural Design Actions
6. Australian Steel Institute: Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel (Vol 1: Open Sections). Australian
Institute of Steel Construction, Sydney.
DE5202 CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DRAWING
DE4103 Technical Literacy
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1. Produce civil engineering drawings to recognised standards
1.1. Analyse the principles of drawing office practice and drawing management.
1.1.1 Evaluate modern draughting equipment, mediums, drawing standards and plan
reproduction methods. (Accepted drawing office practice, draughting equipment,
mediums and international sheet sizes.)
1.1.2 Plan the layout and sequence of Civil Engineering drawings.
1.2 Produce a Topographical Survey Plan

1.2.1 Evaluate the different methods of plotting survey information from field notes,
sketches, and/or tabulated information.
1.2.2 Apply Survey Regulations to produce a topographical plan. (Traverses, topographical
features, profiles, cross sections, locality and site plans)
1.2.3 Identify the importance of site plans and survey control.
1.2.4 Critically appraise the methods of contouring and rules for plotting. (Layout of
construction drawings. methods of contouring, rules for plotting)
1.2.5 Critically analyse the use of contour maps for siting works.
1.2.6 Develop formation contours and establish batter limits using formation levels.
1.3 Develop a set of Civil Engineering Construction Drawings

1.3.1 Plot horizontal and vertical alignments for road layouts from design data provided,
and complete the drawing to approved standards. (Draughting conventions for, and
the plotting of simple highway circular, transitional and vertical curves.)
1.3.2 Produce long and cross section drawings for waste water drainage and roading
projects. (Determination of areas of plotted figures. Grading problems associated
with roading and drainage projects, volume calculations.)
1.4 Produce a drawing for a simple subdivision development

1.4.1 Produce a subdivision layout which includes provision for roads, water and waste
water services. Standard of drawing should enable the production of a simple
schedule of quantities
2. Produce Structural concrete , steel, and timber drawings to recognised standards
2.1 Produce a structural drawing in concrete to nationally recognised draughting standards

2.1.1 Apply the principles of good draughting practice and standards to reinforced and
prestressed concrete drawings
2.1.2 Detail structural elements such as beams, column connections and anchorages.
2.1.3 Detail and external building element to demonstrate understanding of weather
tightness and control of moisture
2.2 Produce a structural steel drawing to nationally recognised draughting standards.

2.2.1 Apply the principles of good draughting practice and standards to produce structural
steel drawings showing members, ties, joints, struts, frame connections, columns,
built up members of simple buildings and other structures in plan, elevation and
sections.
2.3 Complete a structural drawing in timber to nationally recognised draughting standards

2.3.1 Apply the principles of good draughting practice and standards to produce timber
drawings, of simple buildings and other structures in plan, elevation and sections.
2.3.2 Detail timber structural elements such as trusses, stands and platforms, frames,
beams, connections and fastenings. Scheduling of hardware and timber.
3. Produce drawings using computer aided draughting (CAD) techniques

Prepare the computer environment and plan drawings using a CAD program. Complete, print
and verify CAD scale drawings for content detailed in Learning Outcomes 1 and/or 2 above and
manage files.
• NZS5902: Part O Building and civil engineering drawing practice. General
• NZS/AS 1100.501 Technical drawing Part 501: Structural engineering drawing
• NZS 3101 Concrete Structures Standard
• NZS 3404 Steel Structures Standard
• NZS 3603 Timber Structures Standard
• NZS 3604 Timer Framed Buildings
• SAA/SNZ HB1: (latest version) Technical drawing for students
DE5203 HYDRAULICS (CIVIL)
Nil
RECOMMENDED CO-REQUISITE
DE4102 Mathematics 1
DE4101 Engineering Fundamentals
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1. Understand and apply the principles of fluid statics and -dynamics
1.1 Define fluid properties and introduce the fundamentals of fluid statics.
1.1 Define the general characteristics of fluids (density, unit weight (specific weight),
specific gravity, viscosity).
1.2 Review the relationship between head and pressure; define and calculate gauge
pressure and absolute pressure
1.3 Determine the magnitude and point of application of the hydrostatic thrust on
submerged surfaces, both on plane and curved surfaces.
1.4 Describe and demonstrate the basic principles of hydrostatics in the application of
manometers.
1.5 Apply the principle of Archimedes in the solution of buoyancy problems
1.2 Define and apply the fundamentals of fluids in motion

1.2.1 Define uniform, non-uniform, steady and unsteady flow
1.2.2 Distinguish between real and ideal fluid flow behaviour
1.2.3 Describe Reynolds’ experiments and use the Reynolds number to distinguish
between laminar, transitional and turbulent flow
1.2.4 Define and apply the principle of continuity
1.2.5 Discuss conservation of energy as applied to fluids in motion and define Bernoulli’s
theorem
1.2.6 Demonstrate/Illustrate typical applications of Bernoulli’s theorem
1.2.7 Describe the momentum principle and demonstrate applications in fluid flow
1.2.8 Apply the momentum principle to determine the thrust on nozzles and bends
1.3. Practical applications: Fluid statics and dynamics
1.3.1 Buoyancy forces in wet wells for sewage pumping stations

1.3.2 Valves: Non-return valves, operation of pressure reducing valves
1.3.3 Surge chambers
2. Analyse pipelines and pipe networks
2.1 Analyse pipe systems and pipe networks for pipelines operating under pressure .
2.1.1 Apply the continuity of flow principle to pipes and conduits.
2.1.2 Apply Bernoulli and continuity equations to series, parallel and branching pipe
systems, including reservoirs.
2.1.3 Use formulae and design aids to determine major (friction) and minor (shock) losses
through pipes
2.1.4 Understand the principles of pipe network analyses, and the use of computer
programmes to assist
2.2 Practical applications: Pipe networks
2.2.1 Typical urban water- and wastewater reticulation: features and layout
2.2.2 Computer modeling. Simple test case (using EPAMOD for example)
3. Analyse uniform and non-uniform open channel flow
3.1 Carry out analysis of uniform and non-uniform open channel flow hydraulics
3.1.1 Apply Manning’s equation to calculate velocity and discharge in rectangular,
trapezoidal and circular channels
3.1.2 Establish suitable channel shape and dimensions to accommodate a given discharge
3.1.3 Define and determine hydraulic “best” sections
3.1.4 Apply partial element graphs to circular conduits flowing partially full
3.1.5 Describe specific energy and critical depth, as well as sub- and supercritical flow
3.1.6 Describe the use of hydraulic jumps as a means of energy dissipation
3.1.7 Define critical depth and Froude Number, and illustrate applications thereof in civil
engineering
3.1.8 Describe and illustrate the nature of surface profiles in the transition between mild a
steep channel slopes
3.1.9 Discuss methods to control scour and erosion in open channels.
3.2 Practical applications: Open channel flow

3.2.1 Practical channel design example
3.2.2 Design a simple drainage network
4. Determine the operating characteristics of pumps and turbines in a range of pipeline

systems
4.1 Determine the operating characteristics of pumps in a range of pipeline systems

4.1.1 Give a brief overview of the types of pumps available to convert electrical/mechanical
power to work including reciprocating, positive displacement and centrifugal systems
4.1.2 Discuss the energy conversion system of turbines in general, and describe the
principles of operation and application of different types including Francis, Kaplan
and Pelton Wheel.
4.1.3 Use system-characteristic curves in conjunction with centrifugal pump characteristic
curves to determine suitable pipe/pump combinations in series and parallel operation
with variable capacity.
4.1.4 Determine NPSH requirements of pumps.
4.2 Practical applications: Pumps

4.2.1 Variable speed pumps: Uses and issues
4.2.2 Control systems and telemetry for pump systems
5. Demonstrate understanding of the operation and application of a range of equipment

used for the measurement of fluid flow in open and closed conduits
5.1 Apply formulae for theoretical and actual discharges using sharp- and broad crested
rectangular, trapezoidal and V-notch weirs, flumes, flow orifices, flow nozzles,
5.2 Describe the use of venturi meters, pitot tubes, electromagnetic, and acoustic meters
in fluid measurement.
5.3 Discuss alternative methods of flow measurement in civil engineering applications

• Hamill, L., (latest version).Understanding Hydraulics, (2nd ed.)., Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave
Macmillan.
• Douglas, J.F. and Gasioreck, J.M. and Swaffield, J.A. (latest version). Fluid Mechanics, Pitman
Publishing, London.
• Douglas, J.F. (latest version). Solving Problems in Fluid Mechanics Vol 1., Longman, England.
• Lomax, W R and Saul, A.J. (latest version). Laboratory Work in Hydraulics, Granada Publishing,
London.
DE5204 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 1
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1. Outline and describe road infrastructure administration agencies, road transportation

funding mechanisms, and the principles of route location
1.1 Overview of road infrastructure in NZ

1.1.1 State highway system; Local roads
1.1.1 Identify the role and responsibilities of various road agencies and road controlling
authorities (eg. Ministry of Transport, NZTA, City and District Councils, Regional
Councils, Roading New Zealand, Austroads, ARRB)
1.1.2 Outline processes involved in prioritising and selecting roading projects – Legislative
and policy framework; Procurement strategies
1.1.3 Identify the management of funding mechanisms and sources of funding for road
construction and maintenance in NZ (Government Policy Statement, Land Transport
management Act, National land Transport Strategy and -Programme, Regional land
Transport Strategies and –Programme, Revenue sources
1.2 Route Location
1.1.4 Describe the principles and factors to be considered during route location
2. Evaluate the properties and testing of road earthworks, pavement and wearing surface
materials and demonstrate knowledge of road construction practice.
2.1 Formation (earthworks)

2.1.1 Discuss site establishment and site clearing requirements
2.1.2 Outline subgrade requirements and -preparation 2.1.2 Describe road formation
construction operations and quality control
2.1.3 Determine areas of plotted figures (regular and irregular).
2.1.4 Evaluate the different methods of calculating earthwork quantities and calculate
earthworks volume
2.1.5 Identify problems associated with balancing cuts and fills, and perform mass-haul
diagram calculations.
2.2 Pavement Materials and Construction

2.2.1 Define/illustrate the components of a road pavement, and describe the function(s) of
each component
2.2.2 Describe and evaluate the properties and testing of pavement materials (grading,
crushing strength, shape and texture, weathering resistance, sand equivalent, PI, CI,
CBR); reference to relevant materials specifications.
2.2.3 Discuss pavement layer construction procedures and -quality control; reference to
relevant construction specifications; purpose and application of performance based
specifications
2.1.10 Describe stabilisation (lime, cement, bitumen) practices/techniques to improve the
quality of road construction materials
2.1.11 Discuss pavement rehabilitation techniques; re-use and recycling of materials
2.3 Wearing Surface Technology

2.3.1 Outline functions and requirements of a wearing course
2.3.2 List a range of wearing course types, properties and applications (sprayed seals;
asphaltic concrete, OGPA, SMA)
2.3.3 Describe and evaluate the properties and testing of road surfacing materials
(Crushing resistance, weathering resistance, skid resistance, ALD, AGD, size, shape
and cleanliness); reference to materials specifications
2.3.4 Discuss properties and applications of a range a bituminous materials (penetration
grade, cutback, emulsions PMB); Bitumen additives (fluxing agents, adhesion
agents)
2.3.5 Describe sprayed seal (chip seal) construction and quality control, including binder
spray rate determination; reference to construction specifications.
2.3.6 Describe asphalt surface construction and quality control
2.3.7 Discuss the wearing course materials- and construction requirements for unsealed
roads
2.3.8 Environmental impact control: pollution resulting from the use of bituminous
materials; road noise, dust control
3. Demonstrate an understanding of the components, functions and design of surface and

sub-surface drainage for roads
3.1 Evaluate hydrological factors and calculate surface run-off

3.1.1 Identify and explain the key processes of the hydrological cycle
3.1.2 Describe the relationships between depth/duration/frequency and recurrence interval.
3.1.3 Demonstrate how the concepts of probability and Annual Exceedence Probability
(AEP) are used in design affecting a range of structures.
3.1.4 Define a catchment and describe the characteristics of a catchment that have an
impact on time of concentration and surface runoff.
3.1.5 Calculate surface runoff using the Rational formula.
3.2 Identify the sources of water infiltration into road pavements.

3.3 Describe the components of surface, sub-surface and road-side drainage.
3.4 Discuss culvert location-, alignment-, inlet- and outlet requirements
3.5 Perform hydraulic design calculations of road side channels and gutters.
3.6 Perform simple hydraulic capacity calculations for culverts
3.7 Environmental impact control of discharge: Briefly outline the potential sources of pollution and
methods to mitigate the environmental impact of stormwater run-off from roads and road
construction sites
4. Evaluate road maintenance solutions/techniques and develop a simple road

maintenance strategy
4.1 Develop an understanding of pavement rehabilitation design philosophy in terms of the

strength of roads and pavement design approach
4.2 Describe performance of different road types and discuss the types and uses of road
performance data
4.3 Discuss techniques to monitor road condition of a road
4.4 Define the typical modes of distress of sealed pavement surfaces
4.5 Describe the types and causes of primary road defects in sealed pavements and outline the
techniques/procedures to remedy these defects
4.6 Describe the failure modes of unsealed roads in terms of structural and surface defects.
4.7 Identify road maintenance activities
4.8 Understand the life cycle of roads

4.9 Understand the requirements of and draw up a temporary traffic management plan.

• Austroads Guide to Road Design series AGRD Parts 3, 4, and 6
• Austroads Guide to Pavement Technology series AGPT Parts 3, 4, 4A, 4D, 7, 8 and 10
• NZS 4407: (latest version): Methods of sampling and testing road aggregates
• NZTA (latest version) Procurement manual.
• TNZ F/1: (latest version): Specification for earthworks construction
• TNZ B/02: (latest version): Specification for the Construction of Unbound granular
pavement layers
• TNZ M/4 (latest version): Specification for Basecourse Aggregate
• TNZ M/6 (latest version): Specification for Sealing Chip
• SHGDM State Highway Geometric Design Manual (latest version)
• AUSTROADS (latest version): Guide to the selection of road surfacings
• AUSTROADS (latest version): Guide to stabilisation in roadworks
• Chipsealing in New Zealand (latest version). TNZ, Wellington.
DE5205 ENGINEERING SURVEYING
DE4202 Land Surveying 1
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1. Execute survey computations and assess errors, accuracy and probability of survey
data
1.1 Carry out Survey Computations, Errors, Accuracy and Probability.

1.1.1 Survey computation, coordinate manipulation
1.1.2 Civil Design - Horizontal curves, Vertical curves
1.1.3 Calculation of area and volume quantities
1.1.4 Types of error, accuracy and probability analysis.
1.1.5 Computer applications
2. Demonstrate understanding of survey specialisation and methods
2.1 Demonstrate understanding of Survey Specialisation and Methods

2.1.1 Robotic and reflector-less total station use in NZ.
2.1.2 Hydrographic surveys –introduction and review of use in NZ
2.1.3 Photogrammetry and air laser surveys
–introduction and review of use in NZ
2.1.4 Introduction to GIS in NZ
2.1.5 Global Positioning Systems
Field procedures, error sources, planning and uses in NZ
2.1.6 Cadastral Survey in NZ
-types, NZ system overview, standards, government controls, ownership, certificates
of title
2.1.7 Introduction to Subdivision of land in NZ
3. Undertake a range of site- and engineering surveying tasks
3.1 Undertake Topographical/Site Surveying tasks

3.1.1 Site survey control, datums, origins and data standards.
3.1.2 Contours –properties, manual collection drawing
3.1.3 Topographical surveys procedures to produce features and DTM’s
3.1.4 Field procedures for effective topographic data capture and feature coding for spatial
data modelling.
3.2 Undertake Survey Setout of Engineering Works

3.2.1 Setout of earthworks for roads-including horizontal and vertical curves, super-
elevation and earthworks.
3.2.2 Setout of buildings and services including use of lasers.
3.2.3 Survey Mark Protection –NZ legislation requirements and procedures
3.3 Conduct As-built Surveys

3.3.1 Requirements
3.3.2 Survey Options and required outputs
3.3.3 CTV/Testing requirements

3.3.4 Certification
4. Appraise safety requirements in surveying
4.1 Appraise Safety requirements in Surveying

4.1.1 General –field operations
4.1.2 Generic TMP’s
4.1.3 Safety plans for other sites
No Prescribed Resourcess
.Uren, J. & Price, W.F. (latest version). Surveying for Engineers. Macmillan, London.
DE5206 STRUCTURES 2
DE5201 Structures 1
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1. Analyse a range of statically determinate and indeterminate structures and structural

elements.
1.1 Analyse statically determinate 3-pin portals

1.2. Solve problems involving plotting SFD and BMD for multi-span statically indeterminate beams
using moment-distribution method (including provision for foundation settlement)
1.3 Define and use the principle of superposition.
1.4 Analyse beams using computer software. Hand check of output.
1.5 Calculate deflection in beams.
1.5.1 Use either Moment Area or Macaulay’s method
1.5.2 Check results with standard formulae and computer software.
2. Appraise and evaluate the effects of a range of loads (actions) on structures
2.1 2.1.1 Understand Lateral Load resisting mechanisms. such as frame action, cantilevers,
bracing and shear walls. (coverage of NZS3604 is sufficient)
2.1.2 Understand the significance of diaphragms and how they work
2.2 Understand loads according to AS/NZS 1170

2.2.1 Understand the difference between serviceability and limit state
2.2.3 Understand the factors affecting earthquake loads
2.2.4 Understand the factors affecting wind loads
2.2.5 Calculate ultimate and serviceability limit state loadings diagrams for permanent and
imposed actions following a load path
3. Design a range of simple structural elements
3.1 Design Reinforced Concrete Beams

3.1.1 Calculate the nominal and dependable moment capacity of a singly reinforced
concrete section.
3.1.2 Understand the derivation of steel formula for a balance failure and maximum steel.
3.1.3 Calculate maximum and minimum steel given formulae.
3.1.4 Apply code formulae for shear strength at Ultimate Limit States of beams in bending.
3.2 Design steel and timber columns

3.2.1 Understand the stabilising effect of moment reversal. Calculate αm values.
3.2.3 Understand the significance of end restraint and load applied through shear centre
3.2.4 Design a steel column for bending (using αs, and αm ) and axial loads. Using simple
method where Le = 1.1 L.
No Prescribed Resourcess.
Most textbooks dealing with simple structural analysis will contain useful information. Some are
listed below, but there are many others.
• Hibbeler, R.C. (latest version). Structural Analysis. Prentice Hall, Singapore.

• AS/NZS 1170 – Structural design actions:
• NZS 3404 Steel structures standard (Part 1 and Part 2)
• NZS 3603 Timber structures standard
• NZS 3604 Light Timber Framing standard
• NZS 3101 Concrete Structures Standard (Part 1 and Part 2)
• SESOC Simplified Design Guide
• Australian Institute of Steel Construction A.C.N. 000 937 839 (latest version) Design capacity
tables for structural Steel – Volume 1: Open Sections (latest edition)
DE5207 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1. Describe soil composition and calculate soil phase ratios

1.1 Describe soil formation including modes of transportation
1.2 Describe the origin and properties of “special” soils (Pumice, Peat, Papa, Loess)
1.3 Draw a soil phase diagram and label the components
1.4 Define and calculate engineering properties of soils and soil phase ratios (void ratio, porosity,
degree of saturation, water content, air content, solids density, particle specific gravity)
2. Determine basic engineering properties of soils
2.1 Determine the grading and plasticity characteristics of a soil sample.
2.1.1 Carry out appropriate laboratory testing (as per NZS 4402) to allow engineering
classification of soil and calculation of basic soil properties:
- Particle size distribution (grading) using sieve analysis
- Plasticity characteristics (LL, PL, PI, CPL, SL)
- Sand equivalent
2.1.2 Sedimentation analysis (only a brief overview of principles of hydrometer method and
applications of this test)
2.1.3 Process and evaluate the results of the above soil tests, and identify typical
applications
2.2 Define and evaluate the shear strength parameters of soils

2.2.1 Describe the shear strength mechanisms in soil in accordance with Coulomb’s Law.
2.2.2 Identify methods used to determine shear strength parameters in both granular and
cohesive soils in the laboratory
2.2.2 Describe the shear box test to determine the shear strength parameters of soils.
2.2.3 Calculate the shear strength parameters of soils from the results of shear box test
results.
2.2.4 Discuss applications of the shear vane, and describe methods to determine the in-
situ shear strength of soils
3. Classify soils in the field and from laboratory results
3.1 Describe classification by particle size (MIT classification system)

3.2 Describe field identification of gravel, sand, silt and clay particles (including dilatency
test)
3.3 State the components and basis of classification of the New Zealand version of the
Unified Soil Classification System
3.4 Given the relevant parameters, classify soils using NZ Unified Classification System..
4. Describe and evaluate methods to improve the engineering properties of soils
4.1 Compaction technology

4.1.1 Define compaction, state the effects of compaction on the engineering properties of
soils, and identify factors affecting soil compaction
4.1.2 Describe the concepts maximum dry density and optimum water content, and their
application
4.1.3 Describe and perform compaction testing in accordance with NZS 4402 (NZ standard
compaction, NZ heavy compaction, and NZ vibrating hammer compaction), and
process the results
4.1.4 Draw air voids lines
4.1.5 Calculate total voids, air voids and degree of saturation.
4.1.6 Give an overview of different compaction plant and their application to the
compaction different soil types.
4.1.7 Describe testing required for field control of compaction and calculate results.
Emphasis is to be on use of the nuclear density meter. (Sand replacement method is
discussed only for background purposes)
4.2 California Bearing Ratio (CBR)

4.2.1 Define CBR and describe its applications
4.2.2 Determine CBR in the laboratory
4.2.3 Describe in-situ determination of CBR
4.3 Soil Stabilisation

4.3.1 Discuss soil stabilisation techniques using additives (lime, cement, KOBM, foamed
bitumen)
4.3.2 Evaluate factors affecting choice of stabilising agent
4.3.3 Consider safety aspects associated with stabilisation
5. Plan geotechnical site investigations and interpret the results
5.1 Carry out a preliminary desk study for a site investigation including consideration of health and
safety requirements.
5.2 Study old maps and aerial photos to determine previous land uses and possible existing areas
of fill, instability or contamination.
5.3 Distinguish between, and state typical applications of, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples
5.4 Describe appropriate drilling plant and equipment to prepare soil profiles and to recover soil
samples for laboratory testing.
5.5 Describe appropriate in-situ tests and equipment to conduct in-situ testing.
5.6 Carry out a simple site investigation and present a report.
5.7 Consider safety aspects associated with site investigations

• NZS 4402.Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes.(latest version) Field
Description of soils and rocks in Engineering use – NZ Geotechnical Society
DE6201 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 2
DE5207 Geotechnical Engineering 1
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1. Examine the occurrence and flow of water through soils and discuss the impact soil
water has in engineering practice
1.1 Describe the occurrence and movement of groundwater

1.2 Define permeability and evaluate the factors affecting permeability
1.3 State Darcy’s law and define the symbols used, and discuss applications of Darcy’s law in civil
engineering.
1.4 Perform calculations using Darcy’s law for movement of water through soils
1.5 Describe and/or sketch constant head and falling head permeameter tests; select the
appropriate formula and calculate the coefficient of permeability from test results.
1.6 Describe the procedures used to carry out field permeability tests, and calculate permeability
from field results
1.7 Calculate yield from supply wells in confined and unconfined aquifers
1.8 State the components and function of flow nets
1.9 Use flow nets to estimate seepage losses under structures founded on permeable strata.
1.10 Define and calculate total stress, effective stress and pore water pressure in soils
1.11 Define groundwater concepts and describe applications in civil engineering practice:
(a) Critical hydraulic gradient
(b) Piping
1.12 Understand the function and applications of wick drains, and factors affecting their installation
2. Determine and evaluate the shear strength parameters of soils
2.1 Describe methods used to determine shear strength parameters in both granular and cohesive
soils in the laboratory
2.2 Understand the fundamentals of the triaxial compression test
2.3 Calculate the shear strength parameters of soils from the results of triaxial compression test
results.
2.4 Recommend suitable test procedures to assess the appropriate shear strength parameters of
soils to suit specified field conditions
3. Determine the earth pressure on, and analyse the stability of, earth retaining structures
3.1 Describe a range of retaining walls types and construction methods

3.2 Define and determine active, at rest and passive earth pressure coefficients
3.3 Calculate earth pressures using Rankine’s theory for both cohesionless and cohesive soils,
including allowance for surcharges, stratified soils and water table
3.4 Calculate earth pressures resulting from sloping backfills (this can be done using design
charts)
3.5 Evaluate the stability of retaining walls against overturning, sliding and bearing capacity failure
3.6 Apply NZ Building Code requirements.
4. Analyse the stability of earth slopes
4.1 Describe standard modes of slope failure

4.2 Discuss factors that contribute to slope instability and describe measures that can be
employed to promote slope stability
4.3 Determine slope stability using circular arc analysis for cohesive (φ=0) soils.
4.4 Determine slope stability using design charts (eg. Taylors stability curves, Hoek & Bray charts,
etc) for both cohesive and granular soils.
4.5 Computer simulations of slope stability, and use of computer software package(s) to perform
slope stability analyses.
4.6 Geotechnical monitoring and instrumentation
5. Determine the bearing capacity of shallow & deep foundations
5.1 Describe a range of foundation types.

5.2 Determine the ultimate- and safe bearing capacity of foundations using Terzaghi’s equation
5.3 Determine the bearing capacity of piles
5.4 Apply NZ Building Code requirements
6. Understand the process of consolidation and estimate consolidation settlement.
6.1 Use charts to determine the incremental stress exerted by surface loading (point loads and
UDL) at varying depths in a soil
6.2 Define consolidation and describe the processes of consolidation and settlement.
6.3 Describe the laboratory consolidation test
6.4 Given the applied stress vs void ratio results from a laboratory consolidation test, determine
the coefficient of consolidation and compression index
6.5 Perform simple calculations to estimate the expected settlement of loaded foundations
6.6 Describe engineering measures to control the degree and rate of consolidation settlement.

• NZS 4402 (latest version) Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes
• NZ Building Code: Verification Method B1/VM4
• Braja M. Das. (latest version). Fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering. Thomson
Engineering.
DE6202 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 2
DE5204 Highway Engineering 1
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1 Evaluate the feasibility of roading projects
1.1 Understand the “time-value of money” concept and calculate the present worth of future cost
streams comprising of single payments, uniform series, and arithmetical growth series
1.2 Evaluate factors contributing to the costs and the benefits of roading projects, and calculate
the benefit to cost ratio.
1.3 Identify, and evaluate the impact of, intangible effects and externalities of a roading project.
1.4 Perform project evaluations using NZTA Simplified Procedures.
2 Design the geometrical- and structural components of a road
2.1 Design flexible road pavements.

2.1.1 Describe methods of flexible pavement design.
2.1.2 Develop designs for flexible pavements based on standard design charts (CBR-curves)
2.1.3 Define fundamental mechanistic design concepts.
2.1.4 Briefly outline the mechanistic analysis approach to flexible pavement design.
2.1.5 Discuss the information required to determine the design traffic loading of a pavement.
2.1.6 Carry out simple design calculations for flexible pavements based on the mechanistic
characteristics of the subgrade and the pavement layers.
2.2 Design Wearing Surfaces.

2.2.1 Compare different wearing course types, their applications and their performance
expectations.
2.2.2 Design a sprayed seal wearing course given climatic, geographic and material property
parameters.
2.2.3 Outline the design parameters and give a brief overview of AC design methodology
2.3 Geometric design of roads

2.3.1 Identify and understand the role of human capabilities in geometric design
2.3.2 Identify and understand the role of vehicles characteristics in geometric design
2.3.3 Identify horizontal alignment elements of a road
2.3.4 Distinguish between plain circular- and transitioned horizontal curves and their
applications
2.3.5 Define superelevation and determine the required superelevation rate for a given set of
parameters
2.3.6 Develop a horizontal alignment for a road incorporating transition curves
2.3.7 Develop a vertical alignment for a road
2.4 Evaluate the requirements for ancillary services for road networks.
2.4.1 Describe signage types, requirements and location for roads.
2.4.2 Define types, characteristics, requirements and locations of road markings for roads.
2.4.3 Identify types, levels and locations of street lighting.
2.4.4 Describe procedures for protecting, locating and designing street features in
conjunction with utility services
3 Demonstrate understanding and knowledge of asset management and road

maintenance management fundamentals
3.1 Develop an understanding of the essentials of road maintenance management strategies.

3.1.1 Outline the collection of data required in diagnosing road performance
3.1.2 Identify the parameters that that influence road performance while taking account of
all the available information and matters such as drainage
3.1.3 Describe the process of identifying maintenance needs and develop future work
strategies
3.1.4 Describe network and project level management
3.1.5 Determine the costing of life cycle strategies in terms of financial and economic
analysis
3.1.6 Apply prioritising on project and network level
3.1.7 Understand the processes involved in procurement of maintenance work
3.2 Introduce the fundamentals of asset management

3.2.1 Explain the importance of infrastructural asset management and list the benefits of
Asset Management Planning
3.2.2 Outline the Road Asset Management Process

• Austroads Guide to Road Design series AGRD Parts 3, 6
• Austroads Guide to Pavement Technology series AGPT Parts 2, 3, 4B
• NZS 4407:(latest version): Methods of sampling and testing road aggregates
• TNZ F/1: (latest version): Specification for earthworks construction
• TNZ B/2: (latest version): Specification for the Construction of Unbound granular
pavement layers
• TNZ M/4 (latest version): Specification for Basecourse Aggregate
• TNZ M/6 (latest version): Specification for Sealing Chip
• AUSTROADS: (latest version): Guide to the selection of road surfacings
• Chipsealing in New Zealand (latest version). TNZ, Wellington.
• SHGDM State Highway Geometric Design Manual
DE6203 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1 Plan and evaluate a range of traffic surveys
Note: Traffic survey techniques are not an end in themselves. The purpose of this section is to
introduce the fundamental concepts which should then be integrated in appropriate
applications in subsequent sections (e.g. intersection design).
1.1 Evaluate human factors affecting driving behaviour

1.2 Evaluate vehicle characteristics affecting traffic and geometric design
1.3 Define the term traffic studies and discuss the purpose of a traffic studies
1.4 Identify and describe the purpose and methodology of a range of traffic surveys
1.5 Determine traffic growth rates and describe traffic forecast techniques
1.6 Define Road Capacity and Level of Service
1.7 Determine the Level of Service at which a given highway segment operates.
2 Understand and apply the principles of traffic flow theory and traffic management
Note: The fundamentals and techniques introduced in this section are ancillary to intersection
analysis and planning, and hence further preparation for section 3.
2.1 Analyse the characteristics of vehicle traffic flow.

2.1.1 Describe the characteristics of traffic flows
2.1.2 Define measures of traffic flow quantity and understand the relationship between
them (speed, volume, density)
2.1.3 Define and discuss measures of traffic separation and their application (time
headway and space headway)
2.1.4 Evaluate methods of traffic flow modeling
2.1.5 Apply probability distributions in traffic flow modeling (Poisson’s- and Negative
Exponential distribution)
2.1.6 Carry out simple gap acceptance and intersection delay calculations.
.
2.2 Roading hierarchies.
2.2.1 Define and explain the purpose of Road Hierarchy systems, and apply road
classification systems to the design of road links and networks
Topics: - Access vs Movement function
- Level of service
- Top of hierarchy: strategic national network (State Highways)
- Middle of hierarchy: arterial, collector and distributor roads
- Bottom of hierarchy: Local roads, Traffic calming schemes
- Exceptions: situations where departures from hierarchy principles can be
justified
- Central business district planning
2.3 Evaluate traffic management techniques.

2.3.1 Determine traffic generation of adjacent land use developments.

2.3.2 Carry out a traffic impact assessment on a selected small isolated development.
2.3.4 Evaluate a range of traffic calming facilities.
2.4 Parking facilities

2.4.1 Outline methods of conducting parking surveys
2.4.2 Determine on street and off street parking layouts.
2.5 Understand land use planning principles and assessment procedures
[Note: Students need to be conversant with Resource Management Act principles and
procedures, together with the site design issues associated with land use development.
Topics:
- Understand principles of effects-based planning.
- Apply objectives, policies and rules as part of planning assessments.
- Understand and evaluate issues associated with parking, access, servicing and traffic
generation.
- Existing use rights and the permitted baseline test.
- Assessment procedures.
3 Demonstrate knowledge of intersection design fundamentals, and design at-grade

intersections
3.1 Understand factors affecting intersection performance and design: gap acceptance and
Poisson analysis applications
3.2 Evaluate and apply methods of at-grade intersection control and treatment options. Analyse
and design priority-, roundabout- and signal intersections
3.3 Determine at-grade intersection layout. Vehicle characteristics, channelisation principles
3.4 Evaluate performance of layout options.
3.5 Grad separation issues (introduction only).
4 Evaluate and apply road safety analysis principles and procedures.

4.1 Describe the principles and procedures for crash prevention and crash reduction in New
Zealand.
4.2 Analyse the number, location, and types of crashes in accordance with the New Zealand
Transport Agency accident investigation procedures.
4.3 Identify the contributing factor commonalities at a given accident site.
4.4 Determine the primary causes of the crashes at a given accident site.
4.5 Propose remedial measures to address the primary causes of accidents at an accident site.
4.6 Introduction to road safety audits.
5. Understand and appraise the design factors relating to traffic facilities for non-vehicle
road users.
5.1 Types and characteristics of non-vehicle users

5.2 Methods to reduce passenger vehicle road usage
5.3 Sustainable transport modes
5.4 Alternatives to roading
5.5 Advantages and disadvantages resulting from a decrease in vehicle usage

Prescribed Resources:
• AUSTROADS Guide to Traffic Management series Parts 1, 2, 3 ,5, 6, 8, 11, 12:

• Ogden, K.W, and Taylor, S.Y. (latest version), Traffic Engineering and Management, Institute
of Transport Studies, Dept of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
• NZS 4404: (latest version), Code of Practice for Urban Land Subdivision.
• TNZ/MOT (latest version), Policy Guidelines for Traffic Accident Reduction and Prevention.
• TNZ/MOT (latest version), Accident Investigation Procedures.
• Land Transport Safety Authority (LTSA) Road Safety Guideline Publications - Various from
RTS 1 to RTS 17.
DE6204 STRUCTURES 3
DE5206 Structures 2
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1 Analyse a range of statically indeterminate structures.
1.1 Analyse single bay and multi-bay frames including multi-storey frames.
1.2 Analyse frames using computer software.
2 Appraise and evaluate the effects of a range of loads (actions) on structures
2.1 Calculate the non-directional wind actions.

2.1.1 Define and calculate ultimate and serviceability wind actions for low rise pitched
roofed buildings
2.1.2 Apply Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State combinations actions in combination
with gravity loads (AS/NZS 1170) for low rise pitched roofed buildings.
2.2 Calculate Equivalent Static earthquake loads in accordance with AS/NZS 1170.5:
2.2.1 Calculate the building weights at floor levels.
2.2.2 Calculate seismic coefficients for specified ductility and fundamental period of
structure.
2.2.3 Distribute equivalent static forces to significant levels of the structure.
2.2.4 Understand seismic torsional effects of low-rise regular structures due to code
prescribed eccentricities of mass and/or specified variations in structural rigidities.
2.2.5 Understand capacity design and failure modes under design earthquake.
2.3 Understand capacity design and failure modes under design earthquake
3 Design a range of structural elements
3.1 Design simple pre-stressed concrete members (Rectangular, “T” and “I” beams).
3.1.1 Explain the purpose of confinement reinforcing in anchorage zones of post-tensioned
members.
3.1.2 Compare the advantages for pre and post tensioning systems including applications
and the sources and magnitude of stress losses.
3.1.3 Determine eccentricity of pre and post tensioning reinforcing for simple members
only.
3.1.4 Sketch internal stress distributions of stressed members.
3.2 Design Reinforced Concrete Beams and columns

3.2.1 Calculate the nominal moment capacity of a singly reinforced concrete T section
3.2.2 Derive the reinforcement for a balanced failure for a rectangular section.
3.2.3 Use common design aids (tables, graphs, formulae and the New Zealand Reinforced
Concrete Design Handbook) to design beams and columns both for size and
principal reinforcement.
3.2.4 Determine the requirements for lateral reinforcing in non-hinging regions of

rectangular columns (size and spacing of ties, and volumetric ratio).
3.2.5 Explain in simple terms the requirements for shear reinforcement in plastic hinge
zones of beams and columns under capacity design.
3.2.6 Determine cut off points of reinforcement from BMD
3.2.7 Understand the principles of capacity design such as moment redistribution and over
strength.
3.3 Design steel work connections.

3.3.1 Design bolt size requirements by calculating shear and tension forces on bolt groups
in steel work connections and compare with tabulated bolt capacities.
3.3.2 Design fillet weld strengths and sizes in steel work connections by calculating direct
and shear forces in weld groups and compare with tabulated weld.
3.3.3 Calculate bolt sizes for simple timber bolted connections with direct forces parallel or
perpendicular to the grain.
3.3.4 Understand the significance of forces applied to a bolt at an angle to the grain.
3.4 Design of composite sections and engineered timber
Most textbooks dealing with simple structural analysis will contain useful information. Two in the
large range available are listed below, but there are many others.
• AS/NZS 1170 – Structural design actions:

• NZS 3404 Steel structures standard (Part 1 and Part 2)
• NZS 3603 Timber structures standard
• NZS 3604 Light Timber Framing standard
• NZS 3101 Concrete Structures Standard (Part 1 and Part 2)
• SESOC Simplified Design Guide
• Australian Institute of Steel Construction A.C.N. 000 937 839 (latest version). Design capacity
tables for structural Steel – Volume 1: Open Sections (latest edition)
DE6205 WATER- AND WASTEWATER SYSTEMS
DE5203 Hydraulics (Civil)
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1 Analyse water supply and demand requirements, and design a small water reticulation
system.
1.1 Analyse Water Supply and Demand requirements

1.1.1 Evaluate a range of reliable sources of surface water supplies including lakes, rivers
and impounding reservoirs.
1.1.2 Calculate safe yield, minimum storage requirements, stream-flow and catchment
characteristics, rainfall intensity and distribution.
1.1.3 Identify and analyse the parameters associated with subsurface water supply
systems.
1.1.4 Discuss geometry limitations, maximum drawdown rates, including monitoring
strategies for subsurface water supplies.
1.1.5 Describe sources and methods of aquifer recharge.
1.1.6 Identify sources of contamination of surface- and subsurface sources, and describe
methods to mitigate the impact/effects of pollution.
1.1.7 Estimate water demand requirements for an urban supply
1.1.8 Evaluate fluctuations in water demand and determine the capacity (discharge)
requirements for the various components of a water reticulation system
1.2 Evaluate the components of a water reticulation system and design small water reticulation
systems.
1.2.1 Identify the function and requirements of all the components of a water reticulation
system
1.2.2 Describe and apply the concept of pressure zones
1.2.3 Evaluate the functions, capacity and requirements of service reservoirs
1.2.4 Develop and design a dead-end pipe network
1.2.5 Design a simple enclosed (ring main) pipe network system.
1.2.6 Briefly discuss computer models available for network analysis and design, and
reinforce importance of model calibration.
2 Evaluate hydrological parameters and design an urban storm water management

system.
2.1 Define a catchment and describe the characteristics of a catchment, and the impact it has on
time of concentration and surface runoff.
2.2 Review hydrological factors and determine the peak stormwater run-off from a rural and an
urban area
2.3 Describe the primary/secondary flow path concept, including risk management considerations
associated with stormwater run-off management
2.4 Identify the various components of a stormwater reticulation system and establish a suitable
layout for a given catchment.
2.5 Analyse the hydraulic capacity and determine conduit size requirements of a stormwater
reticulation system
2.6 Environmental considerations: minimization of impervious surfaces, swales, riparian planting,
flooding, stormwater buffering, stormwater disposal.
3 Determine waste water quantities and design a waste water reticulation system.
3.1 Determine average- and peak waste water discharges from domestic and industrial
sources/catchments.
3.2 Identify the various components of a waste-water reticulation system and establish a suitable
layout for a given catchment; evaluate the requirements for a range of sewer appurtenances
including manholes, flushing tanks, inverted siphons, and pipe materials
3.3 Outline the reasons for, and evaluate methods to control, velocity limits in waste-water
reticulations.
3.4 Specify sewer construction and testing requirements, including trenchless technology and its
variants
3.6 Describe factors affecting sewer corrosion
3.7 Evaluate sewer maintenance and rehabilitation techniques
3.8 Perform hydraulic capacity calculations for urban wastewater reticulation systems
4.Appraise the requirements of water- and waste water pumping installations and optimise design
4.1 Describe the layout and applications of a range of urban waste water pump stations including
submersible pump installations and dry well installations.
4.2 Describe the requirements of pump stations including variable capacity requirements,
pipework, valves, ventilation, safety requirements, etc.
4.3 Evaluate hydraulic capacity requirements of pump stations in relation to NPSH, sump
capacity, cycle times and pump capacity
4.4 Distinguish between water and waste-water pumping requirements
4.5 Discuss multiple (Series-, parallel- and variable) pump operation, variable speed operation
and variable capacity requirements
4.6 Evaluate a pump system (i.e pump, rising main and suction sump) economics and
optimisation
5. Understand integrated water management approaches
5.1 More efficient use of water, including storing stormwater

5.2 Water metering, water separation (eg. blackwater and greywater)
5.3 Recycled wastewater
5.4 Leak detection in waterworks

• Hammer, M. J. & Hammer, M. J. (Jnr), (latest version). Water and Wastewater Technology, (5th
ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA: Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Hamill, L., (latest version) Understanding Hydraulics, Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
DE6206 WATER- AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1. Evaluate and apply drinking water standards and quality parameters
1.1 Outline the Ministry of Health standards relating to the physical, chemical and biological
features of potable water. Refer to and highlight the importance of NZ Drinking Water
Standards
1.2 Evaluate importance of water quality standards.
1.3 Discuss the micro-organisms of interest in drinking water.
1.4 Briefly describe the typical laboratory testing requirements for potable water.
1.5 Evaluate the significance and requirements, with particular reference to water engineering
practice in New Zealand, of the Resource Management Act, the World Health Organisation
recommendations, and the role of The Drinking Water Standards for New Zealand (latest
version).
2. Understand and appraise the principles and practice of water treatment.
2.1 Outline the sequence of processes of a conventional water treatment plant including storage
capacity, sedimentation/clarification; coagulation/flocculation, filtration (slow sand, rapid sand,
micro-strainers, membrane filters); disinfection (chlorination, UV, ozonisation)
2.2 Describe the function and requirements of each of the water treatment processes listed in 2.1
2.3 Discuss the aims and requirements of a range of special water treatment processes, including
desalination, distillation, water softening, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, taste and odour
control, and removal of chemicals from industrial processes.
3. Evaluate and apply wastewater quality parameters.
3.1 Introduce fundamental concepts relating to physical, chemical and biological parameters of
wastewater quality, and outline the significance of wastewater quality parameters including
pH, acidity, alkalinity, metals, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen
demand (COD), nutrients/contaminants, hydraulic & organic loading rates; strength of BOD
and Suspended Solids (SS) of combined domestic and industrial wastewater.
3.2 Outline the typical characteristics of domestic, commercial and industrial waste water
(including the effect of infiltration)
3.3 Discuss the micro-organisms of interest in wastewater.
3.5 Describe the main contaminants (ie biodegradable organics, pathogens, nitrogen
phosphorous, organic compounds, chlorides and heavy metals) of concern in wastewater.
4. Demonstrate knowledge of wastewater- and solid waste treatment and disposal methods
4.1 Understanding of conventional- (centralised) and alternative on-site (decentralised)

wastewater treatment systems.
4.1.1 Describe the phases and associated techniques of a conventional (large scale) waste
water treatment facility including preliminary-, primary-, secondary- and tertiary
treatment processes.
4.1.2 Describe the functions and processes of screening, grit removal, sedimentation,
trickling filters, fixed growth reactors, facultative lagoons (oxidation ponds),
coagulation and flocculation, activated sludge processes and odour control.
Understand the processes in Sequential Batch Reactors (SBR) and Membrane
Bioreactors (MBR).
4.1.3 Describe the issues, functions and processes of sludge treatment (bio-solids)
treatment including, dewatering and stabilisation, sludge/biosolids disposal and
biosolids reuse.
4.1.4 Demonstrate a fundamental understanding of BASIC principles of process design:
(a) Sizing of primary sedimentation tanks
(b) Sizing of secondary treatment processes
(c) Design of facultative pond (oxidation pond) and calculating the coliform count
of improved effluent (after pond treatment)
4.1.5 Describe the function of small scale wastewater on-site treatment systems involving
systems such as septic tanks, recirculation sand filters, evapo-transpiration beds,
marsh or wet-land systems, spray irrigation, biological contactors and filters,
infiltration- and soakage drains.
4.1.6 Evaluate the environmental impact of the abovementioned activities, with particular
reference to the requirements of the Resource Management Act and the current
AS/NZS standard
4.2 Evaluate the nature, quantity and methods of disposal of solid waste generated from
residential and commercial areas.
4.2.1 Discuss and evaluate waste classifications (eg. Clean landfill, municipal solid waste
landfill and/or industrial landfill, hazardous landfill – also known as natural attenuation
landfills, industrial landfills, and bioreactor landfills.,
4.2.2 Discuss and evaluate solid waste disposal concepts including recycling, collection
and transfer, incineration, shredding, pulverising, baling, composting, sorting.
Recyclable materials; source separation, processing and reusing recyclables, zero
waste, waste auditing, waste minimisation and waste hierarchy.
4.2.3 Describe modern landfill construction and operation, including the importance of
leachate collection and management, gas generation, energy recovery, compaction,
capping, etc.
4.3 Re-use and recycling of water and solid waste
5 Critically evaluate environmental impact and Maori cultural values in relation to water
supply and waste management
5.1 Understand the relevant legislation and prepare a basic environmental impact statement for a
small project; RMA(1991); existing waste management practices and their relation to
sustainability criteria.
5.2 Investigate the methods of managing solid waste in New Zealand and overseas including
waste management hierarchy and New Zealand waste policy, public awareness, commercial
and socio-cultural attitudes.
5.3 Integrate Maori cultural attitudes to water usage with other water supply studies
5.4 Learn and appreciate Maori attitudes and values with respect to waste management

• Auckland Regional Council, (latest version). On-Site Wastewater Systems: Design and
management Manual. Technical Publication No. 58. ARC Technical Publication
• Droste, R. L., (latest version). Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment. N.Y.,
John Wiley & Sons.
• Gunn, I., (latest version). Alternative Wastewater Treatment Systems for Small Communities,
Auckland, New Zealand. The University of Auckland.
• Hammer, M. J. and Hammer, M. J. (Jnr.), (latest version) Water and Wastewater Technology,
(6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA: Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Burton, F. Metcalf & Eddy, Tchobanoglous, G., Stensel, H.D., (latest version). Wastewater
Engineering , London, McGraw-Hill.
DE6207 LAND SURVEYING 2
DE4202 Land Surveying 1
INDICATIVE CONTENT
1. Undertake advanced setting out- and levelling tasks
1.1 Survey setout of Engineering Works

1.1.1 Precise control networks for engineering sites
1.1.2 Planning and layout of survey control and structures
1.1.3 Adjustment of control networks
1.1.4 Construction survey machine control methods and implications
1.2 Examine Levelling procedures and techniques

1.2.1 Hierarchy of methods available and LINZ classification
1.2.2 Precise levelling overview
1.2.3 Digital levelling overview
1.2.4 Trigonometrical levelling, uses and application.
1.2.5 GPS Heighting
2. Demonstrate knowledge of the cadastral survey system and land subdivision process in
NZ, and application of GPS in surveying
2.1 Evaluate applications of Global Positioning Systems in surveying

2.1.1 Methods and field procedures
2.1.2 Equipment and accuracies obtainable
2.1.3 Planning and operation alternatives
2.1.4 Errors and optimisation
2.1.5 Correcting of GPS heights with reference to ellipsoid/msl separation
2.2 Outline the Cadastral Survey System in NZ

2.2.1 Standards and LINZ controls
2.2.2 Land tenure and interests in land
2.2.3 Land-on-line overview
2.2.4 Survey types and requirements
2.2.5 New Zealand legislation affecting surveys
2.3 Examine the Land Subdivision Process in NZ

2.3.1 Resource Management and Land Transfer Acts
2.3.2 Typical Subdivision Process
2.3.3 Approvals and hold points
2.3.4 Costs and Case study
2.3.5 Infrastructure design requirements
3. Demonstrate knowledge of survey computations

3.1 Survey Computations
3.1.1 Area from coordinate calculations
3.1.2 Intersection calculations

3.1.3 Free station calculations
3.1.4 Resection calculations
• Uren, J. & Price, W.F. (latest version). Surveying for Engineers. Macmillan, London.

NZDE Civil Major Courses Lecture Guides Oct 2010

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NZDE(Civil) Page 1 Civil Common & Elective courses

Lecturers Guides Post Consultation version – Oct 2010

New Zealand Diploma in Engineering

Civil Major Courses

Post Consultation version - Oct 2010

New Zealand Diploma in Engineering (Civil)

DE4201 MATERIALS (CIVIL) ...................................................................................................................... 3

Many thanks to all the respondents who contributed to this document.

DE4201 MATERIALS (CIVIL)

2. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of physical and structural geology and

3. Describe the causes and effects of earthquakes

3.1 Overview of earthquake terminology, causes, magnitude, plate tectonics, effects of

LEARNING AND TEACHING RESOURCES

DE4202 LAND SURVEYING 1

1. Understand basic principles of land surveying and use survey instruments.

1.1 Introduce the principles of land surveying

2.1 Understand levelling fundamentals and associated tasks

2.2 Understand traversing fundamentals and perform co-ordinate calculations

3.3 Undertake, record and reduce distance measurements

3.4 An introduction to Global Navigation Satellite Systems

LEARNING AND TEACHING RESOURCES

1.1 Review simple stress and strain.

2. Analyse simple structural elements and structures

2.1 Analyse statically determinate beams

2.2 Analyse trusses using method of joints and method of sections.

2.3 Analyse simple columns.

2.3.3 Analyse short columns with uni-axial bending

3.1 Introduction to Loads on structures

3.2 Design steel and timber beams

LEARNING AND TEACHING RESOURCES

1. Hibbeler, R.C. (latest version)). Structural Analysis. Prentice Hall, Singapore.

3. NZS3603: Timber Structures Standard

4. NZS3404: Steel Structures Standard

5. NZS1170: Structural Design Actions

DE5202 CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DRAWING

1. Produce civil engineering drawings to recognised standards

1.2 Produce a Topographical Survey Plan

1.3 Develop a set of Civil Engineering Construction Drawings

1.4 Produce a drawing for a simple subdivision development

2. Produce Structural concrete , steel, and timber drawings to recognised standards

2.1 Produce a structural drawing in concrete to nationally recognised draughting standards

2.2 Produce a structural steel drawing to nationally recognised draughting standards.

2.3 Complete a structural drawing in timber to nationally recognised draughting standards

3. Produce drawings using computer aided draughting (CAD) techniques

LEARNING AND TEACHING RESOURCES

DE5203 HYDRAULICS (CIVIL)

1. Understand and apply the principles of fluid statics and -dynamics

1.2 Define and apply the fundamentals of fluids in motion

1.3. Practical applications: Fluid statics and dynamics

1.3.1 Buoyancy forces in wet wells for sewage pumping stations

2. Analyse pipelines and pipe networks

2.2 Practical applications: Pipe networks

3. Analyse uniform and non-uniform open channel flow

3.2 Practical applications: Open channel flow

4. Determine the operating characteristics of pumps and turbines in a range of pipeline

4.1 Determine the operating characteristics of pumps in a range of pipeline systems

4.2 Practical applications: Pumps

5. Demonstrate understanding of the operation and application of a range of equipment

LEARNING AND TEACHING RESOURCES

DE5204 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 1

1. Outline and describe road infrastructure administration agencies, road transportation

1.1 Overview of road infrastructure in NZ

2.1 Formation (earthworks)

2.2 Pavement Materials and Construction