Blower/Fan Applications
Figure 1, Showing Equal Air Pressure Figure 2, with Exhaust Fan running
inside and outside the building. Here Inside Air is lesser than Outside Air.
no exhaust fan running
2 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Basic Terms in Fan Application
• Flow (Q)
Point to remember
3 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Basic Terms in Fan Application
4 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Types of Fans
5 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Types of Fans
• Centrifugal Fan
6 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Classification of Centrifugal Fans
7 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
• Outlet Dampers
Points to Remember:
System Curve
The System Curve is added to the Fan Fan Curve
Curve
Operating
This shows the requirement of the vent
Point
system from the fan to overcome losses
and produce an air flow..
Operating Point
The point where pressure and flow
requirement of the system can meet by System Curve
the fan.
Without external influences, the fan will
operate only at this point.
9 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Fan Curve Basics
• BHP Curve
Now the BHP curve is added. BHP
10 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Fan Curve Basics
BHP
• Effect of Resistance to the fan
Fan Curve
11 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
• Outlet Dampers
Pitch Control
13 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Variable Inlet Vane
14 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Variable Pitch Axial Fan
• It has a sophisticated hub which carries the blades. Each blade is
connected to a spindle, which is rotated by a lever. A servo-controlled
hydraulic cylinder moves all the levers simultaneously while the fan
impeller is rotating. This varies the output of the fan.
• The blade/hub assembly is mounted on a shaft which rotates in a
casing, and is then referred to as the rotor.
• The casing may have an open inlet, but more commonly it will have a
right angled bend to allow the motor to sit outside the ductwork. The
discharge casing gently expands to slow down the air or gas flow and
convert kinetic energy into useful static pressure.
Mechanically unreliable
High Electrical Efficiency
15 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Variable Pitch Axial Fan
16 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
AC Drive or VFD
17 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Which the best Regulation Method?
18 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Mathematical Concept
• System Curve Formula; Fan Affinity Law;
Volume Capacity
P = K * Q2 Q1 / Q2 = (n1 / n2) (1a)
19 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Mathematical Concept
• Note that when System Curve Formula and Affinity Law are
combine,
P = K * Q2 ; K = P / Q2
20 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Mathematical Concept
21 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Sample Calculation
22 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Sample Calculation- Outlet Damper
CFM Duty HP Weighted
From Fan Curve HP
100 10% 35 3.5
80 40% 35 14.0
60 40% 31 12.4
40 10% 27 2.7
Total 32.6
23 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Sample Calculation- VFD Regulation
CFM Duty HP Weighted
Using Affinity HP
Law
100 10% 35 3.5
Using Fan Affinity Law;
80 40% 18 7.2
Power versus Speed or Cube Law
HP = n 3 60 40% 7.56 3.02
24 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)
Savings Comparison
Without Regulation Outlet Damper VFD Regulation
25 | Energy Savings
Department on Blowers/Fans
(slide master)