Ph (1:1, 1:2.5)
Ph
EC (1:2.5)
EC
Exchangeable cations
N
Water soluble cations
P
Organic carbon
K
Free calcium carbonates
Micronutrients
Water Sample Analysis
CARBONATE 0.1 N Sulphuric acid
3 ml of H2SO4 in 1 liter water
50ml water (100ml conical flask) (Use 1000 ml volumetric flask)
Standardize with 0.1 N sodium
Two drop phenolphthalein carbonate
Two drops methyl orange
Titrate with 0.1N H2SO4
Pinkish Red colour change.
SULPHATE
Standard preparation
0.2718 g of K2SO4 dissolved in 1 liter (50 ppm)
From this add 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ml in to a separate 25 ml volumetric flash.
Continue the similar procedure for sulphate
This gives 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 ppm of sulphate respectively.
CALCIUM
10 ml water
10ml of 10 % NaoH 10 % NaoH
Dissolve 100 g of NaOH in 1000 ml
Mureoxide Indicator (pinch) water or
Dissolve 200 g of NaOH in 2000 ml
Titrate with 0.02N EDTA water
(use 1000 ml Beaker)
Colour change (purple – pink)
Murexide Indicator
EC
20 g of soil + 50 ml distilled water
(100 ml beaker)
Allow to stand for half –an –hour
Intermittent stirring
Take reading with out stirring
pH
Same soil suspension
Stir the content and take reading
AVAILABLE NITROGEN
Reagents required
Olsen reagent or 0.5 M sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
42 g of NaHCO3 dissolved in 1 liter of water or
420 g of NaHCO3 dissolved in ten liter of water or
840 g of NaHCO3 dissolved in ten liter of water or
500 g of NaHCO3 dissolved in 11.91 liter of water
Reagent A
12 g of ammonium molybdate dissolved in 250 ml water
0.291 g of antimony potassium tartarate dissolved in 100 ml water
1000 ml of 5N H2S04 (138 ml conc. H2S04 of in 1 liter)
Mix these three and made up the volume to 2 liters.
Reagent B
Dissolve 1.056 g of ascorbic acid in 200 ml of reagent A.
POTASSIUM
Reagents Required
1N Ammonium Acetate:
77 g of ammonium acetate in 1 liter of water or
770 g of ammonium acetate in 10 liter of water or
1540 g of ammonium acetate in 20 liter of water or
Adjust the pH to 7.0 by using ammonia solution or acetic acid.
Standard preparation
1000 ppm of Potassium : 1.907 g of potassium chloride (KCl) in 1 liter.
100 ppm of Potassium : 100 ml 1000 ppm potassium is diluted to 1000 ml.
Serial dilution
10 ppm : 10 ml of 100 ppm diluted to 100 ml
20 ppm : 20 ml of 100 ppm diluted to 100 ml
30 ppm : 30 ml of 100 ppm diluted to 100 ml
40 ppm : 40 ml of 100 ppm diluted to 100 ml
50 ppm : 50 ml of 100 ppm diluted to 100 ml
60 ppm : 60 ml of 100 ppm diluted to 100 ml
70 ppm : 70 ml of 100 ppm diluted to 100 ml
80 ppm : 80 ml of 100 ppm diluted to 100 ml
90 ppm : 90 ml of 100 ppm diluted to 100 ml
100 ppm : as such
Exchangeable cations
10 g of soil sample is soaked with 1N neutral ammonium acetate for overnight.
This is leached with 1N neutral ammonium acetate till free of chloride. Then the volume
is made up to 250 ml using 1N neutral ammonium acetate. This sample solution is
analysed for individual cations viz., calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium as per
recommended procedure.
Reagents required
CALCIUM
10 % NaoH
10 ml water
Dissolve 100 g of NaOH in 1000 ml
water or
10ml of 10 % NaoH
Dissolve 200 g of NaOH in 2000 ml
water
Murexite Indicator (pinch) (use 1000 ml Beaker)
Titrate with 0.02N EDTA 0.02 N EDTA
4g of EDTA dissolved in 1 liter
Colour change (purble – pink) This is standardized with CaCO3
Reagents required
13.1 ml of TEA (tri-ethanol amine), 1.967 g of DTPA and 1.47 g of CaCl2 in 100 ml
water. Wait for some time to dissolve. Dilute this to 900 ml. adjust the pH to 7.3 + or –
0.05 using HCl. Then made up the volume to 1 liter.
ORGANIC CARBON
Regents required
0.5g soil (passed through 0.2 mm sieve)
1N K2Cr2O7
(in 500 ml conical flask)
49.04 g of K2Cr2O7 in 1 liter water
or
10ml of 1N K2Cr2O7 98.08 g of K2Cr2O7 in two liter water
20ml of con.H2SO4 Orthophos[horic acid
stand for 30 minute 0.5N FAS
146 g of FAS dissolved in water
add 200ml H2O add 10 ml of conc H2SO4
make up to 1 liter
or
10 ml ortho Phosphoric acid 392 g of FAS dissolved in water
add 15 ml of conc H2SO4
1ml diphenylamine indicator make up to two liter
titrate with 0.5N FAS
Diphenylamine indicator
Colour change from dull greenish blue to 0.5 g of Diphenyl amine is dissolved in
bright green. 100 ml of conc sulphuric acid.
Run the blank
FREE CALCIUM CARBONATES
10 g soil (100 ml beaker)
50 ml 0.5 N HCl
boil for 5 minutes
filter it
10 ml filtrate (100 ml beaker)
Two drop of phenolphthalein indicator
titrate with 0.25 N NaOH.
Reagents required
0.5 N HCl
44 ml of conc HCl diluted to 1000 ml.
this is standardized with alkali.
0.25 N NaOH
10 g of NaOH dissolved in 1 liter of
water or
20 g of NaOH dissolved in 2 liter of
water
Mechanical Analysis
20 g soil in 500 ml beaker after 4 min - lower the robinson pipette
for 10 cm
60 ml of 6% hydrogen peroxide
pipette out 20 ml suspension
(weighed porcelain basin)
Stir it and keep on water bath for 30 dried (water bath first followed by in a
minutes till frothing ceases oven at 1050 C
after 8 hour, lower the robinson pipette
Add 200ml of N/5 HCL ,stir it and for 10 cm
keep it over night
pipette out 20 ml suspension (weighed
Filter through whatman No.50 filter porcelain basin)
paper dried (water bath first followed by in a
oven at 1050 C
Wash with water
Till free of chloride
(add a drop of filtrate in silver nitrate – Determine the weight.
no white precipitate )
Wash the sediments and decants the
Transfer soil to 500ml beaker supernatant after sand settling
Add 400ml water Add water to height more than 10cm
8ml 1 N NaOH repeat the procedure till all clay and silt
is washed away
Stir for 10 minutes (mechanical stirrer )
transfer the residue to porcelain basin
Transfer to 1000ml measuring cylinder
and made up to 1000 ml dried (water bath first followed by in a
oven at 1050 C
Shake the contents by repeated inversion
using the rubber stopper. sand weight obtained
sand is sieved through series of sieves
and proportion of different sand obtain