Isothermal Reaction kinetics in a Batch Reactor

Summary

The purpose of the experiment is to study the saponification reaction of

sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate in a batch reactor at constant temperature
and determine the rate constant of the reaction. The main equipment used
Batch reactor set up, Beakers and weighing balance. The main conclusion is
the rate constant of reaction was calculated to be 0.0195 L/mol.s. As time
progresses the concentration of reactant decreases and the conversion
increases till the maximum value.

Introduction

The purpose of the experiment is to calculate the rate constant of the

saponification reaction of Ethyl Acetate and sodium hydroxide in a batch
reactor at constant temperature.

Apparatus

Batch reactor set up, Beakers and weighing balance.

Procedure

First, 500mL, 0.1M of sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate solutions were
prepared separately. Then we switched on the power of the unit and filled
the reactor with the preheated solutions. After that, we switched on the
agitator and set the speed to 200 rpm. Then, we recorded the conductivity
value every 0.5 min until we got three same consecutive reading. Finally, we
turned off the agitator, drained the solution and cleaned the reactor by
distilled water. After that, switched off the main power of the unit.

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
Data and Results

Table 1: Reaction Temperature = _____Room temperature_______C

Time, t, Conductivity Concentration, CA 1/CA

% Conversion
(s) (mS) (Molarity) (mole/litre)
0 9.4 0.05 0 20

30 8.8 0.0473 5.3% 21.27

60 8.4 0.0452 9.6% 22.22

90 8.1 0.0436 12.8% 23.25

120 7.8 0.0419 18% 24.39

150 7.5 0.0405 20% 25

180 7.3 0.0393 22% 25.64

210 7.1 0.0382 24% 26.31

240 6.9 0.0371 26% 27.02

270 6.8 0.0366 28% 27.77

300 6.6 0.0355 30% 28.57

330 6.6 0.0355 30% 28.57

360 6.4 0.0344 32% 29.41

390 6.3 0.0339 32.4% 29.58

420 6.2 0.0334 33.4% 30.03

450 6.1 0.0328 34.4% 30.48

480 6.0 0.0323 35.6% 31.05

510 6.0 0.0323 35.6% 31.05

540 5.8 0.0312 38% 32.5

600 5.8 0.0312 38% 32.5

630 5.8 0.0312 38% 32.5

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
Computation

4. Rate Constant from (1/CA Vs Time) plot (slope) = 0.0195 L/mol.s

Attach Graphs:
Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
 Plot in one graph %Conversion (in y-axis) vs time (x-axis)
1
 Draw a plot of vs t . From the plot, slope will be the rate constant
CA

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
 Discussions

1. Comment on the change in percentage conversion as time progresses.

From the graph the relationship between time and percentage conversion is
incremental, but not linear. As time increases the percentage conversion
increases, but at time 540s the percentage conversion stabilized to 38% that
means reaction reached maximum conversion.
The concentration of reactant stabilized too so, no more reactant was
consumed.

Conclusion

The saponification reaction was studied in a batch reactor and the rate
constant was found to be _0.0195__ L.mol-1.s-1

As time increases in the reaction the concentration of reactant decreases and

the percentage conversion increases until it reaches maximum value.

Isothermal reaction kinetics in a CSTR

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
Summary
The purpose of the experiment is to determine the rate constant of the saponification of
Ethyl Acetate with NaOH in a continuous stirred tank reactor. The main equipment used is
CSTR set up, beakers and weighing balance. The main conclusion is

Introduction

The aim of the experiment is determine the rate constant of the saponification of Ethyl
Acetate with NaOH.

Apparatus

CSTR set-up, Beakers, and weighing balance.

Procedure

First we prepared 0.1 M of NaOH and ethyl acetate solution. Then poured NaOH solution
to tank 1 and Ethyl Acetate solution to tank 2. Then, we switched on the main switch of
CSTR panel and set the flow rate by using the regulator knob of the dosing pump to 3lph.
After that, we pressed start button of both dosing pumps at the same time. We waited till
the reactants filled the reactor to1800mL. Then, product stream started to come out. We
monitored the conductivity reading until reached steady state and then recorded the
reading. Finally we repeated the steps for 7 lph and 9 lph.

Preparation of 3L of 0.1 M solutions of NaOH and ethyl acetate:

 Amount of NaOH required: m=M*V*MW= 0.1*3*40 = 12 g
 Dilution factor: f=10.2145/0.1=102.145
 Amount of Ethyl Acetate required VEthyl zcetate :
 VEthyl zcetate = V/f = 3/102.145 = 0.029 L=29 mL
 Amount of water required: V- VEthyl zcetate = 3 - 0.029 = 2.9671 L

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
Data and Results

Table 1. Steady-State Data

Concentration of
Conductivity
Flow rate (lph) NaOH (A) Conversio Space
(mS) Rate constant, k
(M) n time, 
XA (L.mol-1.s-1)
(s)
NaOH CH3COOC2H5 Inlet, CA0 Outlet, CAf

1077.8 −1.889
3 3 10.5 0.05 0.0565 -0.13
4 × 10−3

7 7 8.2 0.05 0.0441 0.118 462.72 6.556 × 10−3

9 9 3.5 0.05 0.0188 0.624 360 0.245

Average rate constant = 0.125778 L.mol-1.s-1 ( without the first reading)

Computation
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 0.1
𝐶𝐴,𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.05 𝑀
2 2
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐲 10.5
𝐶𝐴,𝑂𝑢𝑡 = = = 0.0565 𝑀
185.87 185.87

𝑉 = 1.8𝐿

𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐍𝐚𝐎𝐇 + 𝐂𝐇𝟑𝐂𝐎𝐎𝐂𝟐𝐇𝟓 3+3

𝑣= = = 1.67 × 10−3 𝐿/𝑠
3600 3600
𝑉 1.8
𝜏= = = 1077.84 s
𝑣 1.67 × 10−3

𝐶𝐴,𝑂𝑢𝑡 0.0565
𝑋 =1− =1− = −0.13 (𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟)
𝐶𝐴,𝑖𝑛 0.05

1 1
𝑘= (𝐶𝐴,𝑖𝑛 − 𝐶𝐴,𝑂𝑢𝑡 ) = (0.05 − 0.0565 )
𝜏𝐶𝐴,𝑂𝑢𝑡 2 1077.84 × 0.05652

𝐋
𝑘 = −1.889 × 10−3 ( 𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓)
𝐦𝐨𝐥. 𝐬

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
Attach Graph:

 Draw a graph % Conversion vs space-time ()

CONVERSION VS SPACE TIME

0.7

0.6 Conversion XA

0.5

0.4
CONVERSION, XA

Space Conversion
0.3
time, 
(s) XA
0.2
1077.84 -0.13
0.1 462.72 0.118
360 0.624
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-0.1

-0.2
SPACE TIME (S)

Conclusion

The saponification reaction was studied in a CSTR at different flow rates of reactants,
and the average rate constant was found to be ____0.125778 _____ L.mol-1.s-1

At 3 lph the outlet concentration was higher than inlet concentration which results
negative conversion and negative rate constant. This is due to experimental error we took
the conductivity reading in the wrong time.

Rate constant can never be negative, but we got negative due to experimental error.

Isothermal Reaction kinetics in a PFR

Summary
Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
The purpose of the experiment is to find the rate constant at different flow
rates in the saponification reaction of Ethyl Acetate with NaOH and to
determine the average rate constant. The main equipment used in the
experiment is Plug flow reactor set-up and weighing balance. The main
conclusion based on our observation increasing the flow rate would have a
decrease in the conversion since the reactants have less to react.

Introduction

The aim of the experiment is to determine the rate constant at different flow
rates of the saponification reaction of Ethyl Acetate with NaOH and to
calculate the average rate constant.

Apparatus

Plug flow reactor set-up, beakers and weighing balance

Procedure
First we prepared 3L of 0.1 M solutions of NaOH and ethyl acetate. After that,
we poured the NaOH and ethyl acetate solutions to tank 1 and tank 2
respectively. Then, we switched on the dosing pump1 and dosing
pump2.After that, we set the flowrate to (3 lph) by using the regulator knob
of dosing pump1 and 2. Then, we pressed START button of the both pumps.
Then, we observed the conductivity at the reactor outlet, until it reached steady
state. After that, we recorded the conductivity readings of inlet and outlet.
Finally, we repeated the procedure at different flow rates at 5 lph and 7 lph.

Preparation of 3L of 0.1 M solutions of NaOH and ethyl acetate:

 Amount of NaOH required: m=M*V*MW= 0.1*3*40 = 12 g
 Dilution factor: f=10.2145/0.1=102.145
 Amount of Ethyl Acetate required VEthyl zcetate :
 VEthyl zcetate = V/f = 3/102.145 = 0.029 L=29 mL
 Amount of water required: V- VEthyl zcetate = 3 - 0.029 = 2.9671 L

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
Data and Results

Table 1. Steady-State Data

Concentration of
Conductivity
Flow rate (lph) NaOH (A) Space Rate
(mS) Conversion
(M) time,  constant, k
XA
(s) (L.mol-1.s-1)
NaOH CH3COOC2H5 Inlet Outlet Inlet, CA0 Outlet, CAf

3 3 17 6 0.0914 0.0323 0.65 329.34 0.0608

5 5 19 6.5 0.1022 0.0349 0.66 197.8 0.0971

7 7 20.1 7.2 0.1081 0.0387 0.64 141.4 0.1173

Average rate constant: 0.0917

Computation
Sample for calculation at 3 lph flow rate

𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝟏𝟕
𝐂𝐀𝟎 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟏𝟒𝐌
𝟏𝟖𝟓. 𝟖𝟕 𝟏𝟖𝟓. 𝟖𝟕
𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝟔
𝑪𝑨𝑭 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟑 𝐌
𝟏𝟖𝟓. 𝟖𝟕 𝟏𝟖𝟓. 𝟖𝟕
𝒗𝐍𝐚𝐎𝐇 + 𝐯𝐂𝐇𝟑𝐂𝐎𝐎𝐂𝟐𝐇𝟓 𝟑 + 𝟑
𝒗= = = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝑳/𝒔
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝑽 𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝑳
𝝉= = = 𝟑𝟐𝟗. 𝟑𝟒 𝐬
𝒗 𝟏. 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝑳/𝒔

𝑪𝑨𝑭 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟑
𝑿𝑨 = 𝟏 − =𝟏− = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓
𝐂𝐀𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟏𝟒

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝐋
𝒌= ( − )= ( − ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟖
𝝉 𝑪𝑨𝑭 𝐂𝐀𝟎 𝟑𝟐𝟗. 𝟑𝟒 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟑 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟏𝟒 𝐦𝐨𝐥. 𝐬

Attach Graph:
Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
  Draw a graph Conversion vs flow rate.

Flow rate Vs %Conversion

0.665

0.66

0.655
%Conversion

0.65

0.645

0.64

0.635
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Flow rate (LPH)

Space time Vs %Conversion

0.665

0.66

0.655
%Conversion

0.65

0.645

0.64

0.635
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Space time (s)

Discussion

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
Comment on what happens to conversion with respect to increase/decrease in flow rates,
and the reason behind the behavior.

From the graph, as flow rate increased from 3 lph to 5 lph, conversion increased from
0.65 to 0.66.When flow rate increased from 5lph to 7 lph conversion decrease from 0.66
to 0.64.

At 3 lph conversion 0.65 ( middle conversion )

At 5 lph conversion 0.66 ( highest conversion )
At 7 lph conversion 0.64 ( lowest conversion )

𝑽
𝝉=
𝒗

At 3 lph flow rate, conversion value was in the middle 0.65

At 5 lph flow rate, conversion was the highest x=0.66 . So interaction between molecules is high ,
space time ( residence time ) is high and reactants have more time to react.

When flow rate is too high ( 7 lph), it means the flow is fast so residence time in the
reactor is less. Therefore, there will be less interaction between the molecules so
conversion decreased to (x=0.64). So, we got lowest conversion x=0.64

Conclusion

The saponification reaction was studied in a plug flow reactor (PFR) at different flow
rates of reactants, and the average rate constant was found to be __0.0917__ L.mol-1.s-1

Based on our observation increasing the flow rate would have a decrease in the
conversion since the reactants have less to react.

Isothermal Reaction kinetics in a semi-batch reactor

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
Summary

The purpose of the experiment is to determine the rate constant of the saponification
reaction of ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide in a semi batch reactor at constant
temperature. The main equipment used is CSTR set up, beakers and weighing balance. The
main conclusion is

Introduction

The aim of the experiment is to determine the rate of saponification of ethyl acetate and
sodium hydroxide in a semi batch reactor at constant temperature.

Apparatus

CSTR set up, beakers and weighing balance

Procedure

First we prepared 3L of 0.05 M NaOH and 0.1 M ethyl acetate solution. Then poured NaOH
solution to tank 1 and Ethyl Acetate solution to tank 2. Then, we switched on the main
switch of CSTR panel and switched on dosing pump-2. And set the flow rate of dosing
pump-2. When the reactor was filled to overflow level we switched off dosing pump-2.
Then we switched on dosing pump-1 selected the flow rate and started the stop watch. We
recorded the conductivity reading every minute till the reading stabilized. Finally, stopped
the dosing pumps and cleaned the vessel.

Preparation of 0.05 M NaOH and 0.1 M of Ethyl acetate:

 Amount of NaOH required: m=M*V*MW= 0.05*3*40 = 6 g
 Dilution factor: f=10.2145/0.1=102.145
 Amount of Ethyl Acetate required VEthyl zcetate :
 VEthyl zcetate = V/f = 3/102.145 = 0.029 L=29 mL
 Amount of water required: V- VEthyl zcetate = 3 - 0.029 = 2.9671 L

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
Data and Results

Conductivity in the
Time, t, NaOH
reactor
(min) Flow rate (lph)
(mS)
0 4 4.8

1 4 4.9

2 4 5.2

3 4 5.2

4 4 5.7

5 4 5.9

6 4 6.2

7 4 6.3

8 4 6.4

9 4 6.7

10 4 6.9

11 4 7.0

12 4 7.1

13 4 7.3

14 4 7.3

15 4 7.4

16 4 7.5

17 4 7.6

18 4 7.7

19 4 7.8

20 4 7.8

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
Computation
𝑉 1.75
𝜏= 𝑣 = = 1575 𝑠
4
3600 3600

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑚𝑠) 4.8

𝐶𝐴0 = = = 0.0258 𝑀
185.87 185.87

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑚𝑠) 7.8

( 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 )𝐶𝐴𝐹 = = = 0.0419 𝑀
185.87 185.87

1 𝐶𝐴0 − 𝐶𝐴𝐹 1 0.0258 − 0.0419

𝑘= ( )= ×( ) = −2.43 × 10−4 𝑠 −1 (𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟)
𝜏 𝐶𝐴𝐹 1575 0.0419

Rate constant cannot be negative, in the experiment we did a mistake that we recorded
the conductivity values from the wrong conductivity meter. The conductivity values
should be decreasing not increasing

Conclusion

The saponification reaction was studied in a semi-batch reactor and the rate
constant was found to be __−2.43 × 10−4 __s-1
In this experiment it was assumed that the concentration of ethyl acetate is
so large that it doesn’t affect the order of reaction so the overall order of
reaction is first order.
−𝑟𝐴 = 𝑘𝐶𝐴

Non-Isothermal Reaction kinetics in a batch reactor

Summary
Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
 The purpose of the experiment is to determine the rate constant of
saponification of Ethyl Acetate with NaOH in a batch reactor at different
temperatures and to calculate the activation energy by using Arrhenius
equation. The main equipment used Batch reactor set up, Beakers and
weighing balance. The main conclusion is that activation energy was found to
be15405.75J/mol

Introduction

The aim of the experiment is to find the rate constant of the saponification of
Ethyl Acetate with NaOH in a batch reactor at different temperatures and to
calculate the activation energy.

Apparatus

Batch reactor set up, Beakers and weighing balance.

Procedure

The experiment was carried at different temperatures 25℃, 30℃ and 50℃

First, 500mL, 0.1M of sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate solutions were
prepared separately. The solutions were preheated to the required temperature.
Then we switched on the power of the unit and filled the reactor with the
preheated solutions. After that, we switched on the agitator and set the speed
to 200 rpm. Then, we recorded the conductivity value every 0.5 min until we
got three same consecutive reading. Finally, we turned off the agitator, drained
the solution and cleaned the reactor by distilled water. After that, switched off
the main power of the unit.

Data and results

From previous isothermal batch experiment (25 ℃)

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
 Time Vs 1/CA
40.000

35.000

30.000

25.000
y = 0.0194x + 21.464
1/CA

20.000 R² = 0.9594
15.000

10.000

5.000

At 30℃
0.000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Time (s)

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
 Time Vs 1/CA
30.000

25.000

20.000
1/CA

15.000 y = 0.0233x + 19.306

10.000 R² = 0.9437

5.000

0.000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Time (s)

At 50℃

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
 Time Vs 1/CA
35.000

30.000

25.000

20.000
1/CA

y = 0.0322x + 21.184
15.000
R² = 0.8831
10.000

5.000

0.000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Time (s)

Computation

Tabulation of the Rate Constant with Corresponding Temperatures

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
 Temperature, Temperature, Rate constant, 1/T
ln(kA)
No T T kA
(-)
(℃) (K) (litre.mol-1.s-1) (K-1)
1 25 298.15 0.0194 0.0034 -3.942
2 30 303.15 0.0233 0.0033 -3.759
3 50 323.15 0.0322 0.0031 -3.436

1/T Vs Ln(K)
0.0031 0.0031 0.0032 0.0032 0.0033 0.0033 0.0034 0.0034
-3.400

-3.500

-3.600
ln(k)

-3.700
y = -1852.9x + 2.3078
-3.800 R² = 0.9742

-3.900

-4.000
1/T

𝐸 1
ln 𝑘 = − ( ) + 𝑙𝑛𝐴0
𝑅 𝑇
−𝐸𝑎
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑅 = 8.3144 𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 𝐾 −1
𝑅

−𝐸𝑎 = 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 × 𝑅

−𝐸𝑎 = −1852.9 × 8.3144

𝐸𝑎 = 15405.75 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
Residence Time Distribution studies in a CSTR

Summary

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
The purpose from the experiment is to study the non-ideality of a CSTR and
to find the mean residence time for the tracer and to plot E curve from
experimental results. The main equipment used is CSTR set up, beakers, and
weighing balance. The main conclusion is, the residence time distribution was
studied and mean residence time was found to be 45s.

Introduction

The aim of the experiment is study the ideality if a CSTR and to find the mean
residence time and plot the E curve from the experimental results.

Apparatus

CSTR set-up, beakers and weighing balance

Procedure

First, filled the tank with de-ionized water and switched on the dosing pump
and set the flow rate in range of 5-10 lph. When the reactor reached steady
state 10 ml of NaOH was added by using syringe. The, started the stop watch
and recorded the conductivity every 30s for the first 2 minutes then every
minute till the conductivity value approached zero. Finally, switch off the
dosing pump and discharged the solution from reactor.

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
Data and Results (Done By excel)
Table. Data and results
Time Ct t Ct
t Conductivity Conc. C t E = C/Q
(gmol/litre). (gmol/litre).
(mS) (gmol/litre) (min.) (min-1)
min. sec .min .min2
0.0
0.0 0 0.00000 - - - -

0.5 30 1.8 0.00968 0.5 0.00484 2 0.00242

1.0 60 1.2 0.00646 0.5 0.00323 2 0.00323

1.5 90 1.1 0.00592 0.5 0.00296 2 0.00444

2.0 120 1 0.00538 0.5 0.00269 2 0.00538

3.0 180 0.9 0.00484 1 0.00484 1 0.01453

4.0 240 0.9 0.00484 1 0.00484 1 0.01937

5.0 300 0.8 0.00430 1 0.00430 1 0.02152

6.0 360 0.7 0.00377 1 0.00377 1 0.02260

7.0 420 0.6 0.00323 1 0.00323 1 0.02260

8.0 480 0.6 0.00323 1 0.00323 1 0.02582

9.0 540 0.5 0.00269 1 0.00269 1 0.02421

10.0 600 0.4 0.00215 1 0.00215 1 0.02152

11.0 660 0.4 0.00215 1 0.00215 1 0.02367

12.0 720 0.4 0.00215 1 0.00215 1 0.02582

13.0 780 0.4 0.00215 1 0.00215 1 0.02798

14.0 840 0.4 0.00215 1 0.00215 1 0.03013

15.0 900 0.3 0.00161 1 0.00161 1 0.02421

16.0 960 0.3 0.00161 1 0.00161 1 0.02582

17.0 1020 0.3 0.00161 1 0.00161 1 0.02744

18.0 1080 0.3 0.00161 1 0.00161 1 0.02905

19.0 1140 0.2 0.00108 1 0.00108 1 0.02044

20.0 1200 0.2 0.00108 1 0.00108 1 0.02152

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
Computation

Sample of calculation

At 0.5 min

𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝟏. 𝟖
𝐂= = = 0.00968 𝐌
𝟏𝟖𝟓. 𝟖𝟕 𝟏𝟖𝟓. 𝟖𝟕

∆𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒏

𝑪∆𝒕 = 0.00484 (𝐠𝐦𝐨𝐥/𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐞). 𝐦𝐢𝐧

𝑄 = 𝐶 ∆𝑡 = 0.00484
𝑪 0.00968
𝑬= = =𝟐
𝑸 0.00484

Mean residence time,  

 t C t
i i

 C t i

∑ 𝑡 𝐶 ∆𝑡 = 0.00242

∑ 𝐶 ∆𝑡 = 0.00323

∑ 𝑡 𝐶 ∆𝑡 0.00242
Mean residence time, 𝜽= = = 0.75 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 45 𝑠𝑒𝑐
∑ 𝐶 ∆𝑡 0.00323

Attach Graph:

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018
 E-Curve
2.5

1.5
E min-1

0.5

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time min

Conclusion
Residence time distribution (RTD) in a CSTR was studied, and the mean residence time
() was found to be _45_ seconds

Note: This is done by self-effort for the purpose of studying and I am not
responsible of any mistake in this document.

Pash2018