Tarrant Blementary School - Tarrant City, AL | Assessing Outdoor ‘tps: /www3.epa,gov/airsal/Tarrant Ele tm 106 on nove ora SEAS ‘Assessing Outdoor Air Near Schools Tarrant Elementary School - Tarrant City, AL Fests one ols of PAs mortorng [PA ales stor nant case is loctdrara.coke lr wha ow of eos enn. Computer models era to dating eh ‘esa ray bo rca data nina ute nrrerthesoho. Thee nade rower a ans plant aeecrteg nth ate lant opersons,elwing Deere anc ans bere, Ub rate a aaah choo ane proses SPR et sa elas et my Be coo, Fees [ee egh a erase one eisai ano aa ov an Fe ern ean penn rc gears assoc wth cepa eens, cio Denne ake ar becdacng St esr erase eores0n strates nr ne 8 aha uses een alae eto omer. 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J: Artes ato noum srhaneceur st potas, ae ples oan a Suen ue ate nies heh ec, 2: Ys Te Cea At rr ZPAo nt tn oie ron es tices ait mgt. Se 60, Ape han ttenergutions comers 174 cogent trae rar naar often ern 9, Penn ato on rao Oe he ‘Stace cane ane patel poi wh at nts enews omes Ww uta ak Mare tt Between 1602 200 eros aca aca by pert eit ot EFA rept ad ate locl propane EPA criss io ‘cto reps emt anes enssuns ton shal utruneoLs- AEs cn econ Moat Soom Sy enw re! aa ovina mele ‘Patoten cr fonds hanes sth atusranne EPA ia hand rags redic tole eines tm eb cuca cht 3 2of3 3/17/16, 8:33 AMoun SAT Initiative: Tarrant Elementary School (Birmingham, AL) ‘This document describes the analysis of aic monitoring and other da collected undec EPAs Snititive to assess potentially elevate ar toxics levels at some of our nation's schools. The ‘document has been prepared for technical zudiences (e.g. rsk assessors, meteorologists) and thei management. I intended t describe the technical analysis of data collected for this school i clear, but generally technical, terms, A summary ofthis analysis is preseoted on the ‘page focused on this schoo! on BPA's website (www ega navischoolai) 1. Executive Summary 1D Aix monitoring has been conducted at Tarrant Elementary School as pat of the FPA. Initive to manitor specifi ac toxis inthe outdoor ait around peiorty schools in 22 states and 2 teibal areas. EPA also evaluated thee other schools (Riggins School, North Birmingham Elementary School, and Lewis Elementary School) inthis area Birmingham, Alabama); these schools are discussed in a separate report. 1D. This school was selected for monitoring tased on information indicating the poteatial for levated ambient concentrations of lead end pollutants associed with coke plant ‘operations, including benzene, arsenic, xd benzo(a)pyrene, in air outside the «choo! ‘Thal information included significant emissions of these pollutants in EPA’s 2002 [National Seale Air Toxies Assessment (NATA) for a nearby coke plat Air amnitoring was performed from Angust 5,209 to November 24,2009 for lea in total suspended particles (TSP); benzene end other volatile organic compounds (VOCS); arsaic and other melas in pariclate tater less than 10 microns (PM) 6 ‘benzo(a)pyrene and other polyeyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS). Meso lls of ead CSD, a pola oe we en sani os bien ai, are below the level of the national standard for protection of pablic heath 1D. Levels of pollutants associated with coke plant emissions including benzene, arsenic (PMo), and benzo(a)pyrene and associ longerteem concentration estimsics Were not as high as suggested by the information available prior a monitoring. While the oy pollutants were Sieatified based on emission information from coke plants, additions! sources ofthese pollutants exist, such as motor vehicles and gas stations which could be contributors to the measured concentrations of sr toxics, depending on proximity of the sources monitored, Although the Key pollutants were below the levels of significant concer tat had been suggested by the modeling information, these results indicate the fnfueace ofthese pollutants exited froma nearby source. (Based on the analysis described hese, EPA will not extend sic toxies monitoring wt this ‘school, EPA remains concerned about emissions from sources of ar toxics and continves to work to reduce these emissions across the country, throagh national rales end by providing ‘information end suggestions ( asist with reductions in local areas, These rules may be found at this website, huplvww epa govitn/atwieparales himeu 1D The Jefferson County Department of Hceth (ICDB) will continue to overs industrial Jacilties in the eee through ai permits and other programs, TI. Background on this Initiative ‘As part of an EPA initative ro implement Adciistrator Lise Jackson's commitment ro ascest potentially elevated air oxics levels at some of our nation’s schools, BPA and state and local aie pollution control agencies eared specific (key) ar toxics in the outdoor ai around priority schools in 22 states and 2 tribal areas (hip:/ranw pa. gov/schoolar/schools ha) 1 The Schools selected for monitoring included some schools that ace near large industries Unt are sources of air toxics, and some schools that are in urban areas, where emissions of air toxics come from a mix of lage and sinall industries, cars, trucks, buses and other (1 EPA selected schools based on inforaation available tous sbout air potion inthe ‘vicinity ofthe schocl,inchuding resuls of the 2002 National-Seale Als Toxics, “Assessment (ATA), resis from 2 2008 USA Today analysis on air toxics at schools, ‘and information fom stat and local air agencies. The analysis by USA Today involved use of EPA's Risk Screening Environmental Incicsfors tool and Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) for 2005. = Available information hed saised some questions abont aic quality near these schools that EPA concluded merited investigation. Jn many eases, the informatioa indicated that estimated long-term average concentrations of one or ‘more sir toxics were above the upper end of the range that EPA. generally considers as acceptable (e.g, above 1-in-10,000 cancer risk for carcinogens), Monitors were placed at each school far approximately 60 days, and wok aie semples om atleast 10 diferent days during tat time. ‘The tmaples were analyzed for specifi air toxics identified for monitoring a the scbool Gie., key poDutants)! D These monitoring results and other information collected at caca school during this initiative allow us to: ‘= assess specific ac toxics levels occurring a these sites and associated estimates of longer-term concentrations in light of health risk-based criteria for long-term exposures, ‘~ _etiec understand, in many eases, potential onéribations from nearby sources to key aie toxics concentrations a the schools, = consider what next steps might be appropriate to beter understand and address air toxics atthe school, and = improve the information and methods we will use in the future (e., NATIA) for ‘estimating aie toxics concentrations in communities across the U.S. 2g alain le sarpls fr thee ay pln, camgls ae als being alae fr some anal plats "ha se rosie inti inthe nly! metho fur te key platens. 2enn ‘Assessment of ais quality under this initiative is specie to the ai toxics Wentified for monitoring at each Echool. This initiative ic being implemented in addition to ongoing sate, local and national air quality monitoring and assessment activities, including those focused on criteria pollotams (¢.g, ozone and particulte mater) or existing, more extensive, a toxics programs, Several technical documents prepared for this project provide further details on aspects of monitoring and data interpretation and ae aeilable on the EPA website (c., ‘wusw.epa.covlschoolsic/techinfo.him). The full titles of these documents are provided bere: 1D ‘School Air Tories Arbieat Monitoring Plan 1D Quality Assurance Project Plan For the EPA Schoo] Air Tosics Monitoring Program D Schools Air Toxics Monitoring Activity (2009), Uses of Health Effects Information in Bvaluating Sample Resuls Information on health effects of air ‘oxics being monitored and educational materials describing sk concepts? are also available from EPA's website 11) Basis for Selecting Tarrant Elemeotary and the Air Monitoring Conducted “This scbool was selected for monitoring in conslation withthe local air agency, he Jefferson County Department of Heath (CDH). We were interested a evaluating the ambient concentrations lead (TSP) and pollotant associated with coke pant operations, including Teazene, arsenic PM), und benzo(a)pyrene, siz oulsile Tarant Fementary Schoo) EPA'S 2002 NAT analysis indicated the poteatal fr levels of concer de estimates af ead, benzene, arsenic, and benzo(a)pyrene emissions in the 2002 National Emissions lovntory fora earby coke plat. Monitoring commenced at this school on August 5, 2009 and continued through November 24, 2009. During this period, 19 valid samples were anelyzed for led (TSP), and 21 valid samples ‘of VOCs were analyzed for benzene and a smal standardized set of additional VOCs. Additionally, 20 valid seamples were analyzed for benzo(a)pyrene and 2 small standardized set of ‘ditional PAHs. Finally, 18 valid semples of ithocne particles were collected using & PMc sampler’ and analyzed for arsenic and a sail standardized set of adelonal nets AIL VOC resolts, with the exception of acrolein, were evelusted for health concems. Results of recent short-term laboratory study have mised questions about the consistency and reliability of ‘monitoring resus of scrolein, As a reult, EPA will not use these acrolen data in evaluating the potential for health concerns from exposure to ai toxics in outdoor air as part ofthe School Air ‘Toxics Monitoring project (SAT) (hiputtew.epa govschoolsivacrobintm)) All sampling Ror ctample; hare cog. aowshoclalolsastn), ian she fear sti em 1 or example, zhnwwepa govistw/3 90022. ape eps gow tate 60 02 tn general, hs sumple oles aor parils wil ade of 10 nscen oF salle, oe of which would be casire to ben the espable mage whi etal the health bead compart level fr aren sed cooun ‘methodologies sre described in EPA's schools sir toxics monitocing plan Cipuilonn. ps goviscboolaiskechingo,htm). IV Monitoring Results and Analysis |A. Background for the SAT Analysis ‘The majority of schools being monitored inthis initiative were selected based on modeling sualyces tha indicated the potenti for annul average ar concentrations of vme specifi (ey) hazardous ais pollutants (HAPs or sc toxics) to be of particu: concem bused on approaches that are commonly used in the air toxics program for considering potenti for long-term risk For example, suck analyses suggested annual average concentrations of some ai toxics were ‘eater than long-term eisk-based concentrations associated with an additonal eancer risk grestex ‘than 10-in-10,000 oF a hazard index on the order of or above 10. To make projections of sir ‘concentrations, the modeling analyses combined estimates of air toxis emissions from industrial, motor vehicle and other sources, With past measorements of winds, and other meteorological factors that ean influence ax conecntations, from a weather siation in the general area. In some cases, the weather station was very Close (Within 2 few miles), but in othe eases, ‘twas much further away (eg, up to 60 miles), which may contribute to quite diferent conditions being modeled than actually exists the school. ‘Tae modeling analyees are iatended tw be used to prioritize locations for Rrtber investigation. ‘The primary objective ofthis inistiveis to investigete - through monitoring sir concenteations of key alr toxics at exch schoo! over &2-3 month period - whether levels measured and sssocited longer-term concentration estimates are of a magnitude, in light of bealth risk-based criteria for which follow-up activities may aced to be considered. To evaluate the monitoring results consistent with this objective, we developed health risk-based air concentrations (the Jong-erm comparison levels summarized im Appendix A) forthe monitored ai toxis Usiag established EPA methodology and practices for health risk assessment” and, in the case of cancer ‘isk, consistent wih the implied level of risk coasidered in deatitying schools for maukoring. ‘Consistent withthe long-term or elzonic focus ofthe modeling analyses, based on which these schools were selected for monitoring, we have analyzed the full record of eonvertrations of ait tries measured at this school, using routine statistical tools, to derive a 95 percent confidence * BPA comet operated te nls aod et the canes and as oe ale ory onde cuit HA. "Te tm bazardas ar polls (commonly alet HAPs rar toi) fers wo paluunts eaten sion 1120 the Cean Air Act whic se the res af eur) ations nwelng sonny soorces esr! by CAA section 112 and a dntngushe fom De si plus fer which ete annual arent us qualty sudrds (NARQS) are develops as cesrited in etion IDS. One of the erteie pian, ed, sso ‘ereentd s lea compounds, x the HAP is “TWh BPA nave wl ely on EPA metodaogy, prutces, assessments ands pale considerations, we recognize that sian sate etd, ete and plies ay ifr and sbsequar alee oF the monoeng au y sate agencies say dea aon or asia oesanit ‘ntervat forthe estimate ofthe longer-term average concentration of each ofthese polutens. In ‘his project, we are reporting all actual numerical vanes foe pollutant concestrations inching any Values helow method detection limit (MDL).” Additionally, 2 value of 0.0 s used when 2 ‘measured pollutant bas no value detected (ND). The projected range for the longer-term. concentration estimate for each chemical (most particularly the upper end ofthe range) is ‘compared to the iong-tecm compazison levels. These long-term comparison levels conservatively presume continuous (all-lzy, all-year) exposure over alifetime. The analysis of the air concentrations also includes 2 consideration ofthe potemtial for cumulative xmkple pollotant impacts.” In general, where the monitoring results indicate estimates of longer-terra sxverage concentrations that are above the comparigon levels - i, above the eancer-based ‘comparison levels or notably above the noneancer-based comparison levels - we will consider the need for follow-up actions such as: Additional monitoring of air concentrations andlor meteorology in the area, Evaluation of potentially contributing sources to help us confirm their emissions and demtify what options (regulatory and otherwise) may be available to us to achieve ‘emissions redutions, aod Evaluation of actions being taken or planned nationally, regionally or locally that may achieve emission and/or exposure reductions. An Gxample of this would be the actions taken o address the type of ubiquitous emissions that come from mobile ‘We have further anclyzed the dataset to describe what it indicates in light of some other criteria snd information commonly used i prioritizing state, local end netional sir toxics program sctvilies, State, local and national programs often develop long-term monitoring datasets i ‘order to better character pollutants nese patcules sources, The 2-3 month dataset developed ‘under this initiative willbe helpfal to those programs in setting proces for longer-term ‘monitoring projects. The intent ofthis analysis i to make this 2-3 month monitoring dataset as useful as possible to state, local and national air toxics programs in heir Jongercerm efforts to improve ai quality nationally. To that end, this analysis: * When daa ae slab rely «prion of hepa ofr eg, supe tellers very ay ding ‘hus period, eaten cammomy azn he 99% ecafdenoe interval rnd he cate mean or serge) ia derive conserve kao hom high ol tetra” mean may be. Mare special hs inva isthe "rang in which the mean fre empl period of itr expect fal 996 oe ane (9% omni oemoonly ed by stistican), The interval incloes an egal enone! of quattes above and below the sample ‘atst ean, The interval at nce these quansties clei wing fora hal aks ito cout fe tin ofthe dataset Gn, fe") as wel ast amouet by whe the nda dats wales vary Seo dhe dase ‘bese Ge tbe “stodard devises”). Tis albu is lege condense intervals forse datasets aswel 2 ones widhrae variable cea pois. Fererample «dataset cong (10,30, 20050) semis as mem of 30 sf 5% confidence intval ef 30 4-5 (@-2.0 108.0), For comparison purptcs, «dhe inciding (25,3 ‘nd 35) resin asmeenc€ 30 ane 295% condone intval of 30-12 oe 8104.2). The smal von (Pits hecua in to send sea als aus the sean erties neva ob alle. 5 Mt dein imi ADL) he mine concen of» sane tat ee be mexurd ad ropaced ‘th 99% conidance that he pollu encetraton rei ha zr od i detrmied foe sali of 2 ‘Sipe aves matix covaiing the polltane As this anljis f«2 month boning ase ot intended to te fl i esesset,conidrton of poli endl pollu pscis ay dilleramaag stn, For exh it iastenees whee m0 vial pols 2ppuars tobe present abe is cepa lee, we Wl ao check fr he pretence o mull pollute Teves {is below tht respective conperto levee (veg phx pits nea).ona + Desarbes the air toxics measurements ip terms of potential onger-iecm concentrations, an, as available, compares the measurements at this school to ‘monitoring data ftom nations] monitoring programs + Describes the meveerologleal data by considering conditions on sampling days 2s ‘compared to those overall the days within the 2-3 momth monitoring period and ‘hal conditions migit be expected over the longer-term (a indicated, for example, by infomation from neerby weather station}. — Describes aveleble information regarding activites and emissions at the nearby source(s) of interest, such as that obtzined from public databeses such as TRI and/or ‘consultation with th local ar pollution authority. B. Chemical Concentrations ‘We developed two types of long-term health isk-elated comparison levels (summarized in Appendix A below) t0 address our primary objective. The primary objective isto investigate ‘hrough the monitoring data collected for key pollutants at he school, whether pollutant levels measured and associated longer-term concentration estentes axe elevated enough in comparison ‘ith health risk-based criteria to indicate that follow-up activites be considered. These comparison levels conservatively presume continuous (allay, all-year) exposure over a ‘ifetime, In developing or identi thse comparison levels, we have given priority to vse af relevant ‘and appropriate air standards and EPA risk assessment guidance and precedents." These levels sxe based pon helt effects information, exposare coneeatrations and rik estimates developed fan assessed by EPA, tbe U.S. Agency for Tori Substaaces al Disease Registry, an the California BPA. Thexe agencies recognize the ned a aocount for potential differences in sensitivity or susceptibility of different groups (¢.g,, asthmatics) or lifestages/ages (¢.g.. young childrea o the elderly) to s pasticaler polutants effect so thi the resaling counparsoa levels are relevant for these potentially sensitive groups as well asthe broader population. ‘In addition to evaluating individual pollutants with regard to their corresponding comparison levels, we also considered the potential for earauative impacts from multiple pollutants in cases ‘where individual polltent eves fal below the comparison levels but where multiple pollutant ‘mean concentrations are within n order of magnitude of their comparison levels, ‘Using the analysis approach described above, we analyzed the chemical concentration data (Tabic | end Figures Le-id) with regard to areas of interest idenifcd below. ° The developmen ofan term compton level wel anvil sme renin Jel esc a dealin Shoals Ai Tees Monrag Activ (208), Uses of Hea ets Infrae in Evauaiog Sample Rens,ont ‘Key findings deawa from the informatica on chemicel concentrations and the considerations discussed below include: 1D The sir sampling data and related longer-term concentration estimates for ead (TSP),a pollutant for which there are national standards for ambient air, are below the national Standard for protection of public health, Levels ofthe monitored pollutants commonly associated with coke plent emissions, including benzene, arsenic (PM), and benzo(a)pyrene, were not as high as suggested by the information available prior to monitoring. While the key pollutants were identified based on emission information from coke plants, additional source of these pollutants exist, suck as motor vehicles and gas stations which could be coniibutars to ‘the measured concentrations of ar toxics, depending on proximity of the sources ‘monitored, Alihoogh the key polivists were below the levels of conczrn that had been suggested by the modeling information, ches resus indicate the influence ofthese pollutants of concer emitted from nearby sources ‘Lead CLSP) key polintant: 1D Do the monitoring data iicete influence from & nearby source? + The measurements a these schools included a few lead (TSP) copcentations that ‘were somewhat higher than the other veld sample measurements taken at the school, Which may indieste that chose samples were collected on days where acarby sources ‘were infloeneing concentrations at this shoal Do the monitoring dat indicate elevatod levels that pose significant long-term health concerns? “> The monitoring data for Jead (TSP) are below the national ambient sir quality standard for protection of public heat fr led. The estimates of longer-term lead (TSP) concentrations (ie. the upper bound of the 95 percent confidence interval om the mean ofthe datas!) at these three schools for each of the 3-month periods in which monitoring ocurred are substantially below the longtere comparison evel (Table 1). The comparison Jevelis the level ofthe national ambient air quality standard, which i for a 3-month aversping period. — In surmmary, the monitoring data do nt indicate concentrations above the national ‘ambient ait quality rtandaeé for protection of public health, "The wpe end of the tev ies a tines mca of he masta dca lee han Sheng termnancances-based compass lev. This comparison vale fr lead ihe level of he Natal Ambient Ai (Qaly Stand, which nia ters oa 3m aterage eve fed is taal sped pari.uu Benzene. Arsenic, and Benzo(a)pyrene, key pollutants (Do the monitoring date indicate influence from a nearby source? + The monitoring data include several benzene, arsenic (PMs)! and benzo(e)pyzene concentrations that are higher than concentrations commonly observed in other locations nationally, 1D. Do the monioring data indicate clevated levels that pose sigaificent long-term health concerns? > Levels of pollutants sssociated with cate plant emissions, including benzene, arsenic (PM), and benzo(a)pyrene were not as high as sgpested by the information available priar to monitoring. Although they were Below the levels of concern thet had been suggested by the modeling information, these results indicate the influence of these pollutants ofconczrn emitted from nearby sources. The estimate ofonger-term benzene concentration (Le., the upper bound of the 95 percent confidence interval onthe mean ofthe datasct) i below the Jong-term comparison levels (Table 1). ‘These comparison levels are based ‘on considecation of continuous exposare concentrations (24 hours a day, all ‘year, over 2 lifetime) (© The longer-term concentration estimate is approximately 43% the ceancer-based comparison level, indicating the longer-term estimate falls berween continuous (24 hours a day, 7 days a week) lifetime exposure concentrations assorted with {-In-100,000 and 1-in-10,000 seitional cancer risk, © We did not identity any concerns regarding short-term exposures during the four-month sampling period, as each individual measicemect is below the individual sample sereening level for benzene (which is based on consieration of exposure all day, every The nearby inustil facility emitting the Key pollutants into the ai (Aeseribed in section If above) lies less thea one mie west to norhvest ofthe seo. “+ Using the propery boundaces ofthe fll facility (ia iew of information rogarcing the location of specific sources of kad, beazene arsenic, and benzo(a)pyrene emissions 2 the facility), we have Mente: approximate range of wind de=tions wo use ia considering the potential nflence ofthis fact on ir conceatations 2 he schoo! This genera range of wind dietions, fom approximately 236-396 degrees, is referred to here as the expected zone of source influence 20. TT Ondays the ar samples were collected, how often did wind come from direction ofthe rey source? — For lead (TSP), arsenic (PM), and benzo(a)pyrene, there were 14 ot of 21 sarmpling days in which oa-site wind da had « postion of the winds from the 201 (Figures 22, 2c, 2d, Table 2a). For benzene, there Were }2 out of 21 sempling days in which the ‘on-site wind data bad a portion ofthe winds from the ZOL (Figure 25, Table 2). G.Hovr do wind patterns on the air manitoring days compare to those across the complete sampling period and what ait be expected over the longer-term atthe schoo! location? uont + Wind pattems actors the air monitoring days are similar o those observed over record of on-site meteorological daa during the sampling period. + We note that wind pattems atthe nearest NWS station (a! Biringham-Shutlesworth Intersational Aiport) during the sampling period are similar to those recorded atthe [IWS station over the long-term (2002-2007 period; Appendix E), supporting the idea that regional meteorological patterns inthe area during te saraping period were consistent with long-term patters. There is some uncertainty as to whether the sgensral wind patiers at tbe school location for longer periods would be similar to the {general Wind pattems al the Biemingham- Shuttles worth Intecational Airport (see below) low do wind pattems atthe Schoo] compare to those atthe Bizmingham-Shatesworth Intemational Airport NWS sation, particalarly with regard lo prevalent wind directions and the direction ofthe key source? During the sampling period for which dats are available both atthe schoo site and ot the reference NWS station (wpproximately £ routs), prevalent winds atthe school site are predominanty from the north-northeast to soutt-soutbeast, while those at NWS station have stong northern and easter corponeaes with significant ‘contributions from all directions except the 180 ~ 270 degree quacient. The Wwindroses forthe two sites during the sampling period (Figures 2a-2d and Appendix B) show some similarities in wind low patter. ‘Ace there other meteorological pattems that may influence the mearured concentrations ‘tthe eehool mositoring ee? + No, we did not observe other meteorological pattems that may influence the ‘measured concentrations atthe schoo! monitoring sie Key Source Informatioa 1 War the source operating a usual doing the monitoring period? —+ The nearby source ofthe key pollutants has an operating permit ised by JCDH that fnclades operating exquirernents.”” + During the monitoring months (August - December 2009), the coke plant operated at about 58-60% ofthe level at which it operated during the same months in the years before and after the monitoricg, ie. in 2008 and 2010. Alhough production fll in 2009, by 2010 production at each fciity had upproximately returned the 208 levels > JCDH provided the following regarding coke plant emissions in Jefferson County = Although a Jower production level might inbiively suggest reduced emissions, thats not necessarily the case with the coke plants in Jefferson ‘County. These plants vere designed to operate at fll capacity. Operating at Jower capacity can feed t cracks and warping ofthe plans, and Teas of| pollntans; snd with decreased production there is less coke plant gas to fre ‘oilers and geacrate paver, possibly leading to greater HAP generation # Opeaing permits, which ae sued to pllton sures under the Clean Air Ac are deseribed Ingtear-epganrionapspas 2ent uring & power outage. Its dificult o predict the HAP emissions from the cole pants in Jefferson County dircetly from the production levels, since | about half ofthe HAPS emitted are from cole battery lal (e., daraugh Tae measured levels for lad (TSP), pollatant for waich thee are mational standards for ambient (outdoor, while inicating potential inueace from ‘nearby source are below the stionl imbent si quality sanded for protection of public bath, + The levels of pollutants associated with coke plant emissions, including benzene, ssene and benzo(a)pyrene, and oer moaiored plats are ‘low the levels of concern for lng term exposures “+ EPA remains cgncered about emisions from sources ofc taics and contimes to work o reduce these emisions across the county, Cough ‘ational roles and by roving information and suggestions toast with reductions ia looal areas. These rules might be found at thi website: Inaplivore cpa powfnitw 3. Are there indications, e.g. fom the meteorological or other date, thatthe sample set may not be indicative of longer-term air concentrations? Wobld we expect I higher (or lower) concentrations st other times of year? + The data we have collected appear to reflect si concentrations during the entire sampling perio, with no indications from the on-site meteorological «ata thatthe azmpling day conditions were inconsistent with conditions ‘overall daring this period Bout + Among the data collected for this site, we have none that would indicate ‘gonerally higher (or lower) concentrations during other times of yesr- The ‘Wind flow patteras atthe nearest NWS station during the sampling period Dave some similis to long-term wind flow at that site. The lack of long- ‘erm meteorological dat a te schoo! location limits our ability to confidently predict longer-term wind patterns at the schoo} (which may provide further evidence relevant i concentrations Guring other times) B. Next Steps for Key Pollutants 1, Based op the analysis described hece, EPA will not extend air toxics monitoring a this schoel. 2. EPA remains concerned sbout emissions Som sources of ar conics and ‘continues 10 work to reivce these emissions across the country, through national rues and by providing information and suggestions (0 assist with reductions in ocal areas. These rales mey be found at this website Inpllwww-epa.govitw/atwieparules him. 3. The JCDH will conte to overse industrial facilities in the area through air permits and other programs. VII. Figuresand Tables A. Tables 1 ‘Tarrant Elementary School Key Pollutant Analysis, 2a, Tarrant Elmentary School Key Pollutant Concentrations (Lead (TSP), Arsenic (Mio), and Benzo(a)pyrene) and Meteorological Date 2b, Tarrant Elementary Schoo! Key Pollitent Concentrations (Benzene) and Meteorological Dita B. Figures ‘1a, Tarrant Elementary School —_Key Pollutant (Lead (TSP) Analysis. 1b, Tarant Elementary School Key Politant (Benzene) Analysis le, Terrant Elementary School ~ Key Polltent (Arsenic (PMcc}) Anslysis 14, Tarrant Elementary Schoo! —Rey Pollutant (Benzo(a)pyrene) Analysis, 2a, Tarraot Elementary School (Birmingham, AL) Lead (TSP) Copceatration and ‘Wind Information. 25. Tarrant Blementary School (Birmingham, AL) Benzene Concentration and ‘Wind Information, 2c, Tarrant Elementary School (Birmingham, Al.) Arsenic (PMs) Concentration and Wind Information. 14