Abbott, P.L., 2011. Natural Disasters. 8th Ed. McGraw-Hill. 512 pp.

Dietrich, W.E., Real de Asua, R., Coyle, J., Orr, B. and M. Trso, 1998 “A validation study of the
shallow
slope stability model, SHALSTAB, in forested lands of Northern California.” UC Berkeley, 59 pp.
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S.M.,
Driskell, S., and A.M. Tavis.
Griswold, J.P., and R.M. Iverson, 2007. “Mobility Statistics and Automated Hazard Mapping for
Debris
Flows and Rock Avalanches.” USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5276.
Iverson, R.M., Schilling, S.P., and J.W. Vallance, 1998. “Objective delineation of lahar-inundation
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zones.” Geological Society of America Bulletin 110: 972-984.
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zones.”
USGS Open-File Report 98-638.

(1) Specifications of Existing Simulation

The software for volcano simulation used in INETER is as follows:
• Lava flow, Pyroclastic flow: "Flow3D" model developed by the University of
Buffalo;
• Ash fall: Volcanic bomb; model developed by UNAM;
• Lahar:: "LAHARZ" model developed by USGS.
The platform of the above software is UNIX, while the hardware and software resources
in INETER are different from the platform. Therefore, INETER has not yet achieved
self-sufficiency in management of all the process of work required for hazard mapping.
Therefore, in the Study, the concepts of the simulation are not referred.
(2) Theoretical Foundation for Numerical Analysis
In order to conduct simulation on volcanic phenomena, following theoretical papers
were referred.
1) Lava Flow
K. Ishihara, et al (1990) Numerical Simulation of Lava Flows on Some Volcanoes in
Japan, J. H. Fink(Ed), Lava Flows and Domes, Springer－Verlag
The Bingham fluid flowing model describes lava flow in this paper.
2) Pyroclastic Flow
Energy cone model
Sheridan, M. F. (1979) Emplacement of pyroclastic flows: A review, Geol. Sc. Am. Special
Paper 180, p.125-136
3) Bomb (ejecta)

M. Iguchi and K. Kamo(1984)On the range of block and lapilli ejected by the volcanic
explosions, Annuals of Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto Univ.,
27 B-1, p.15-27 (in Japanese)
Paper on the ballistic dispersal calculation with wind effect
4) Tephra fall (ash fall)
T. Suzuki (1983)A Theoretical Model for Dispersion of Tephra ,in D., Shimozuru and
Yokoyam, I., ed. Arc Volcanism: Physics and tectonics: Tokyo, Terra Scientific
Publishing Company,
5) Lahar
Software of the empirical model and digital cartographic technique, LAHARZ, described
by Schilling, S.P. (1998) is used.
Schilling, S.P.(1998) LAHARZ: GIS programs for automated mapping of
lahar-inundation hazard zones. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
98-638, p.80.
Iverson, R. M., et al (1998) Objective delineation of lahar-inundation hazard zones. Geol.
Soc. Am. Bull. v.110, no.8, p.972-984
(3) Development of Simulation Models
1) Lava Flow
Simulation is performed based on the open source program provided by Isihara and et al.
(1990).

http://www.aster-indonesia.com

http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Lahars/description_lahars.html.

ER Mapper, 2006. “ER Mapper Professional

Tutorial Version 7.1”. Earth Resource
Mapping Ltd.
[2] Gozzard, J.R., 2006. “Image Processing of ASTER
Multispectral Data”. Geological Survey of
Western Australia.

http://www.alos-restec.jp/aboutalos4_e.html

http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/)

(http://lpdaac.usgs.gov/aster/aster-dem_details.asp)
(http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/aster/ast14dem.asp

http://ims.aster.ersdac.jspacesystems.or.jp/ims/html/UserRegistration/Us
erRegistration_Agreement.htm

Crowley, J.K., Zimbelman, D.R., 1997. Mapping hydrothermally altered rocks on Mount
Rainier, Washington, with airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) data.
Geology 25, 559–562.
Finn, C.A., Sisson, T.W., Deszcz-Pan, M., 2001. Aerogeophysical measurements of
collapse-prone hydrothermally altered zones at Mount Rainier volcano. Nature 409,
600–603.
Google Earth 5.0. 2008.
John, J.A., Sisson, T.W., Breit, G.N., Rye, R.O., Vallance, J.W., 2008. Characteristics, extent
and origin of hydrothermal alteration at Mount Rainier Volcano,Cascades Arc, USA:
Implications for debris-flow hazards and mineral deposits. Journal of Volcanology and
Geothermal Research 175, 289–314.
Libre Map Project. Maps of Peirce county, WA.
<http://libremap.org/data/state/washington/place_name_results>
Reid, M.E., Sisson, T.W., Brien, D.L., 2001. Volcano collapse promoted by hydrothermal
alteration and edifice shape, Mount Rainier, Washington. Geology 29, 779–782.
Schilling, S.P., 1998. LAHARZ; GIS programs for automated mapping of lahar-inundation
hazard zones. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, pp. 98–638.
USGS. DEMs of Washington State. <http://seamless.usgs.gov/website/seamless/viewer.htm>

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 2003. Cascade Range Volcanoes and

Volcanics Maps and Graphics, etc. [online]. Available from:
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Cascades/Graphics/framework2.html [Accessed 18
September 2007].
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 2011. USGS Water Data for Washington
[online]. Available from: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/wa/nwis/nwis [Accessed 8 March 2011].
WOOD, C. A. and KIENLE, J., 1990. Volcanoes of North America: United States and
Canada. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.