Counselling provides clients the opportunity to get *emotional Roles of a Guidance Counselor
release from their pent-up frustrations and other personal • Assist the person or persons (clients) in realizing a
issues. change in behavior or attitude, in seeking
achievement of goals, in finding help
• Teach social skills, effective communication, spiritual o Marriage and family counselors
guidance, decision-making, and career choices o Mental health counselors
• Aid in coping with a crisis o Vocational or career counselors
o Addictions and behavioral counselors
*Philippine Republic Act No. 9258 defines a guidance o Genetics counselors
counselor as a natural person who has been professionally
registered and licensed by a legitimate entity and by virtue CODE OF ETHICS*
of specialized training to perform the functions of - states that counselor live and work in accordance with the
guidance and counseling. professional standards of conduct set forth for the practice of
guidance and counseling.
FOUNDATION SKILLS of a GUIDANCE COUNSELOR Principle 1 – Respect for the rights and dignity of the client
o Attending and Listening They respect clients’ rights to privacy, confidentiality, self-
o *Active Listening – listening with purpose determination and autonomy, consistent with the law. to
and responding in such a way that clients are whatever professional action they propose.
aware that they have both been heard and Principle 2 – Competence
understood. They recognize the limits of their expertise, engage in self-
o *Reflective Skills – key skills are restating, care, and seek support and supervision to maintain the
paraphrasing and summarizing standard of their work.
o Probing skills – facilitate going deeper, asking more Principle 3 – Responsibility
directed or leading questions They are aware of their professional responsibility to act
in a trustworthy, reputable, and accountable manner toward
Four (4) Common Skills that Require Studying the clients, colleagues, and the community in which they work and
Curriculum of Accumulated Scientific Knowledge live.
1. Communication skills Principle 4 – Integrity
These include the ability to actively listen, demonstrate They represent themselves accurately and treat others
understanding, ask appropriate questions, and provide with honesty, straightforwardness, and fairness.
information as needed.
2. Motivational skills Three Schools of Thought in Psychology
These skills are the ones that influence a helpee to take 1. Psychoanalysis – Sigmund Freud
action after the helping session or consultation. - draw attention to the darker forces of the unconscious
3. Problem-solving skills and the influence that is has on how we feel about
These include differentiating between symptoms and the ourselves
problem, pinpointing probable causes and triggers for the 2. Behaviorism – BF Skinner
problem, and then generating a range of possible - effects of reinforcement on observable behavior
solutions to the actual problem. 3. Humanistic Perspective – Carl Rogers, Maslow, Kelly
3. Conflict resolution skills - understand the conscious mind, free will, human dignity
These involve learning about styles of conflict resolution and the capacity for self-refection and growth
including recognizing the signs of conflict and learning the
process of conflict resolution. Basic Counseling Approaches
Psychoanalytic Therapy*
Areas of Specialization where Counselor works, Sigmund Freud; human beings are basically determined by
1. Child development and counseling* psychic energy and early experiences
- includes parent education, preschool counseling, early Adlerian Therapy*
childhood education elementary counseling, child Alfred Adler; individual is greatly influenced by his/her pas
counseling and is primarily motivated by social urges
2. Adolescent development and counseling Existential Therapy
Middle and high school counseling Frankl, Maslow, Rollo May; human capacity to define and
3. Gerontology (the aged) shape his/her own life, give meaning to personal
Fastest growing field and essentially involves older circumstances through reflection, decision making and
citizen self-awareness
4. Marital relationship counseling Person-centered Therapy*
Premarital, marriage, family Carl Rogers; non-directive and focused on the client’s self-
5. Health discovery rather than input
Nutrition, exercise, health -*psychological imbalance results from disparity between
6. Career/ Lifestyle conception of self and the real self
Choices and decision-making pertaining to career or Gestalt Therapy*
lifestyle Frederick Perls; encourages clients to confront and
7. College and university experience their feelings rather than to simply talk about
Opportunities for college students them
8. Drugs Transactional Analysis
Substance abuse, alcohol, drugs Eric Berne; emphasis on decisions and contracts that must
9. Consultation be made by the client
Agency and corporate consulting Behavioral Therapy
10. Business and industry Lazarus, Bandura, Skinner et al; targets the overt
Training and development of personnel behavior by specifying treatment goals and making
developing specific treatment plan
Rational-emotive Therapy
CAREER OPPORUTUNITIES FOR COUNSELORS**
o Educational and school counselors
o Rehabilitation counselors
Albert Ellis; cognitively-oriented behavioral therapy and Competence – separates social caregiving from social work
id based on the assumption that human beings are born professional practice
with s potential for both rational and irrational thinking
Reality Therapy* FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WORK
William Glasser; Focuses on the client’s present
circumstances and highlights his/her strengths that can be Consultancy – professional activities through which social
used to target realistic changes in behavior and thus workers and their clients plan, initiates and pursue actions
achieve success. toward desired change
Resource Management – the act of coordinating,
Frank Parsons – Father of Guidance and Counselling systematizing and integrating resources and services needed
*ASCA – American School Counselor Association to support social functioning
ASCA National Model – develop and precede by Education – provision of knowledge and critical information
efforts at delineating the best way to organize and manage necessary for empowerment practice that facilitates informed
professional school counselor’s work decision-making, increased abilities and gain access to
opportunities and resources foe a client
*Ratio of Guidance Counselor and Student
1:250 recommended by ASCA
1:500 recommended by CHED
1:1000 worse situation (Ched Memorandum Order 21, s. 2006)