BUILDING

REGULATIONS &
DESIGN
GUIDELINES MEP
Building Regulations &
Design Guidelines - MEP

Department of Planning and Development - TRAKHEES

Ports, Customs & Free Zone Corporation
Government of Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Building Regulations & Design Guidelines - MEP
Second Edition-2014

BUILDING
REGULATIONS &
Prepared & Issued by:
DESIGN GUIDELINES
MEP
Department of Planning and Development - TRAKHEES
Ports, Customs & Free Zone Corporation, Government of Dubai
P.O. Box17000
Dubai,United Arab Emirates
Email: Accreditation@trakhees.ae
Website: www.trakhees.ae

2nd Edition

This edition issued in November, 2014

Dubai,United Arab Emirates

All rights reserved to Department of Planning and Development - TRAKHEES - Ports, Customs & Free Zone Corporation
(PCFC) Government of Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in Department of Planning and Development - TRAKHEES
any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or Ports, Customs & Free Zone Corporation
otherwise, without the prior consent of the copyright owner. These regulations and guidelines have been established
to be applied within Trakhees - PCFC Jurisdiction. Implementation of these regulations out of Trakhees jurisdiction is Government of Dubai, United Arab Emirates
the sole responsibility of the concerned parties, whereby the local authority regulations shall be precedent and govern.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Publication of this book could not have been possible without the
valuable efforts put in by a number of individuals working in the Department
of planning and Development - TRAKHEES.

We would like to thank Dubai Municipality and to other National and

International Organizations in the field of Construction whose publications
and articles in terms of local and international standards are frequently
used.

In Addition, our sincere thanks to all those who contributed their comments,
feedback, and suggestions, which have been all considered in this edition.
As there is always room for improvement, Trakhees will continuously
welcome comments/suggestions on this book, and will consider all that
are received. Your comments will continue to improve this book leading to
its ultimate acceptance. As always, it has been a great joint effort.

Mr. Arif Obaid Al Dehail

Chief Executive Officer
Trakhees – Ports, Customs & Free Zone Corporation

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 contents contents
SECTION 3:. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
. 2. 3.1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................80
PART-1
. 2. 3.2 MODE OF POWER SUPPLY.............................................................................. 81
GENERAL . 2. 3.3 PERMANENT POWER REQUIREMENT............................................................... 81
1.1.SCOPE.................................................................................................................. 12 . 2. 3.4 TEMPORARY POWER REQUIREMENT...............................................................82
1.2.INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 12
. 2. 3.5 ADDITIONAL POWER REQUIREMENT...............................................................82
1.3.DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................ 12
. 2. 3.6 EMERGENCY: GENERAL...................................................................................84
1.4.GENERAL CONDITIONS......................................................................................... 13
1.5. STANDARDS AND REFERENCES............................................................................ 16 . 2. 3.7 MAIN DISTRIBUTION BOARDS (MDBS), SUB DISTRIBUTION BOARDS,
1.6. MATERIAL SELECTION AND SUBSTITUTIONS........................................................ 20 . (SMDBS) AND DISTRIBUTION BOARDS (DBS)................................................85
1.7. OPERATIONAL AND FIELD PERFORMANCE TESTING.............................................. 23 . 2. 3.8 LOW VOLTAGE CONTROL SYSTEM................................................................ 112
1.8. OPERATIONAL AND FIELD PERFORMANCE TESTING.............................................. 23
SECTION 4:. MEP INSTALLATION GENERAL NOTES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
1.9. BUILDING OPERATIONAL RECORDS...................................................................... 23
1.10.DUTIES AND POWER OF AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (AHJ)........................ 27 2. 4.1 GENERAL...................................................................................................... 146
2. 4.2 PIPING .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
2. 4.3 PLUMBING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
PART-2 2. 4.5 FIRE PROTECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

MEP SYSTEMS
PART-3
SECTION 1:. HVAC SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. 2.1.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 33
CONTROL ENERGY
. 2. 1.2 DESIGN CRITERIA...................................................................................... 34
SECTION 1: . INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 158
. 2. 1.3 INDOOR AIR QUALITY................................................................................ 35 1 GENERAL.....................................................................................................158
. 2. 1.4 SYSTEM SELECTION ................................................................................. 37 2 DOCUMENTATION AND CALCULATION ....................................................... 163

. 2. 1.5 ELEMENTS OF DESIGN............................................................................... 37 SECTION 2: . MICROCLIMATE AND OUTDOOR COMFORT ................................................. 166
. 1 MICROCLIMATE AND OUTDOOR COMFORT................................................. 187
. 2. 1.6 VENTILATION AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY.................................................. 44
. 2. 1.7 PRESSURIZATION AND SMOKE.................................................................. 46
SECTION 3: . VENTILATION AND AIR QUALIT....................................................................... 168
1 VENTILATION AND AIR QUALITY...................................................................168
. 2. 1.8 NOISE CRITERIA......................................................................................... 47 2 THERMAL COMFORT....................................................................................174
. 2. 1.9 ENERGY CONSERVATION........................................................................... 50 3 ACOUSTIC COMFORT ..................................................................................175
4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.............................................................................176
. 2. 1.11 HVAC EQUIPMENT SELECTION; TECHNIQUES AND EFFICIENCY................. 60 5 DAY LIGHTING AND VISUAL COMFORT.........................................................177
. 2. 1.12 AUTOMATIC CONTROL AND BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM............... 62 6 WATER QUALITY..........................................................................................178

. 2. 1.13 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING............................................................... 64 SECTION 4: . RESOURCE EFFECTIVENESS: ENERGY .................................................. 180
1 CONSERVATION AND EFFICIENCY: BUILDING FABRIC...................................180
. 2. 1.14 HVAC NOC DESIGN APPROVAL SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS................... 65
2 CONSERVATION AND EFFICIENCY: BUILDING SYSTEMS...............................185
SECTION 2:. PLUMBING SYSTEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 APENDEX A ......................................................................................................................................205
2. 2.1.CODES AND STANDARDS............................................................................ 67 APENDEX B ...................................................................................................................................... 215
2. 2.2.DRAINAGE SYSTEM..................................................................................... 67
2. 2.3.DOMESTIC WATER SYSTEM......................................................................... 73

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 1
PART

GENERAL

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PART 1 GENERAL
Dubai has a natural environment of outstanding visual quality that
contributes to a high quality of life and to property values. These
standards exist to ensure buildings integrate with the natural
environment, to protect and enhance land and property, to maintain
the values created in the community, and to promote the health, safety
and general welfare of the community. Building Services in particular
have a pronounced effect on the environment and should be designed
so as to minimize adverse effects and promote people and environment
friendly systems.
1.1 SCOPE
The guidelines shall be read in conjunction with the other local
regulations and applicable international standards, and TRAKHEES,
CED regulations namely, “BUILDING REGULATIONS & DESIGN
GUIDELINES”, “MARINAS AND SMALL CRAFT HARBOUR REGULATIONS
& DESIGN GUIDELINES”, and “CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND
QUALITY CONTROL GUIDELINES”. ..Etc.
1.2 INTRODUCTION
These regulations are intended to provide minimum services design
requirements for all buildings.
Ports, Customs and Free Zone Corporation / TRAKHEES reserves the
right to change any of these regulations and it shall be the duty of
consultants, contractors & developers etc, to ensure that they possess
the latest updates.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 The “Authority” or “Authority have jurisdiction (AHJ)“, shall mean
TRAKHEES, Civil Engineering Department of the Ports, Customs
and Free Zone Corporation, Jebel Ali.
1.3.2 The “Developer” “shall mean the lessee or his authorized Agent
who submits an application to the “Authority” on behalf of the
lessee or owner of the plot of land.
1.3.3 The “Project” means the construction of a permanent building or
any other permanent or temporary structure on a leased property
including any modifications or installations in existing facilities.
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PART 1 GENERAL
1.3.4 “Permanent building” means a building designed and constructed
with reinforced concrete, or steel with block or metal cladding or
other durable material.
1.3.5 “Temporary Building” means a building used as a site office or
to house construction equipment during the construction period.
1.3.6 “The Consultant” means a registered Engineer with CED holding
a valid Consulting Engineers’ license from the Dubai Economic
Department,
1.3.7 “Regulations” mean these and other Regulations and or
Guidelines issued by the “Authority”.
1.3.8 The “Contractor” means a registered Contractor holding a valid
Contracting license from the Dubai Economic Department and
registered with CED.
1.4 GENERAL CONDITIONS
1.4.1 Description
Refer to the following General Conditions/definitions of guidelines for
order of precedence of the scope of applications.
1.4.1.1 The guidelines given in one section shall apply to other
sections unless otherwise stated.
1.4.1.2 Where, in any specific case, different sections of these
guidelines specify different materials, methods of construction
or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
Where there is a conflict between a general requirement
and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall be
applicable.
1.4.1.3 Relevant entities shall provide and do everything necessary for
the proper execution of the Works according to the intent and
meaning of the local regulations and applicable international
standards.
1.4.1.4 The work to be performed under this guidelines, but is not
necessarily limited to, the furnishing of all supervision, labour,
materials, temporary works, false work, plant, machinery,
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PART 1 GENERAL
equipment, parts, tools, supplies, transportation, utilities,
construction facilities, incidentals and logistic support
necessary for the performance and maintenance of the Works,
accomplished in a professional and workmanlike manner.
1.4.1.5 Provide the administrative and supervisory personnel
necessary for Project coordination, construction, completion,
commissioning and maintenance.
1.4.1.6 All work shall be executed by skilled tradesman who shall be
thoroughly acquainted with all aspects of their trade including
any special local customs and modes of operation.
1.4.1.7 Workmanship of the highest standard only will be accepted.
1.4.1.8 Contractor/ consultant shall be deemed to have:
A. Based their design and construction on the information in
respect of hydrological, physical and climatic conditions of
the UAE / Emirate of Dubai.
B. Inspected the site and its surroundings and satisfied
himself of all conditions before start commence of works...
1.4.1.9 The authority have jurisdiction and any person authorized by
the Authority shall at all times have access to the Works and
to the Site and to all workshops, stores and places associated
with the Works.
1.4.1.10 The Contractor shall maintain access to the Site at all times
and he shall take all necessary steps to ensure the safety of
persons on the Site.
1.4.1.11 Contractor shall be responsible for safeguarding all other work
sites in the development which are in the vicinity of the Site.
A. Shall ascertain from the public utility authority positions
of all existing underground services.
B. Shall maintain and protect or divert them as required.
1.4.1.12 The Contractor has to coordinate with all local authorities for
obtaining all necessary NOC’s for the proper and safe execution
of the works. components.
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PART 1 GENERAL
1.4.2 Duties and Coordination: The consultant and contractor shall:
1.4.2.1 Coordinate construction activities included under various Sections
of these Guidelines to assure efficient and orderly installation of
each part of the Works.
1.4.2.2 Coordinate construction operations included under different
Sections of the Guidelines that are dependent upon each other for
proper installation, connection, and operation.
A. Where installation of one part of the Work is dependent on
installation of other components, either before or after its
own installation, schedules detailed design and construction
activities in the sequence required to schedule the best results.
B. Where availability of space is limited, coordinate installation
of different components to assure maximum accessibility for
required maintenance, service and repair.
C. Make adequate provisions to accommodate items scheduled
for later installation.
D. Where necessary, prepare memoranda for distribution to
each party involved outlining special procedures required for
coordination. Include such items as required notices, reports
and attendance at meetings.
E. Administrative Procedures
Contractor must allow for the above Sub-Clause and for
coordinating work as necessary to cause minimum disruption.
1.4.2.3 Co ordinate scheduling and timing of required administrative
procedures with other construction activities to avoid conflicts and
ensure orderly progress of the work.
1.4.2.4 Prepare and submit coordination drawings where close and careful
coordination is required:
A. Installation of products
B. Materials fabricated off site by separate entities
C. Where limited space availability necessitates maximum
utilization of space for efficient installation of different
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PART 1 GENERAL PART 1 GENERAL

1.4.2.5 Drawings shall indicate: • Relevant IEC / BS Codes and Standards for the Electrical
A. Interrelationship of components detailed on separate shop Works.
drawings. • DEWA Regulations - latest edition.

B. Required installation sequences. Other Guidelines/Regulations

• Dubai – Etisalat / ’du’ Regulations,
1.5 STANDARDS AND REFERENCES • Dubai – Road and Transport Authority (RTA) Regulations.
1.5.1 Standards • Dubai Civil Aviation Authority (DCA) Regulations.
Referenced Standards and Regulations • Dubai Municipality (DM) Regulations
Work and materials shall be in full accordance with the latest rules AABC Associated Air Balance Council
and regulations of the following generic Standards, Handbooks ADC Air Diffuser Council
and Guides for information purposes. Their amendments and AFI Air Filter Institute
addenda should be used during the development process. AIMA Acoustical & Insulating Materials Association.
HVAC AIEE American Institute of Electrical Engineering
• DM Regulations AMCA Air Moving & Conditioning Association
• ASHRAE Handbooks ANSI American National Standards Institute
• SMACNA ARI Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute
• IMC (International Mechanical Code) ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
• CIBSE Guidelines and Air Conditioning Engineers
• DW 142 & 144 ASSE American Society of Sanitary Engineering
Plumbing and Drainage ASTM American Society for Testing & Materials
• DM Regulations AWS American Welding Society
• DEWA Regulations AWWA American Water Works Association
• IPC (International Plumbing Code) BRI Building Research Institute
• UPC (Uniform Plumbing Code ) BS British Standard
• NPC (National Plumbing Code) BSCP British Standard Code of Practice
• CIBSE Guidelines BS EN European Standards
• The Institute of Plumbing Guide BSI British Standards Institution
• BS-EN Standards CDA Copper Development Association
Fire Protection CEE international Commission on Rules for Approval
Please refer to EHS Guidelines and Dubai Civil of Electrical Equipment (Europe)
Defence Regulations CSI Construction Specifications Institute
Electrical CTI Cooling Tower Institute
• IEE Wiring Regulations for Electrical Installations - latest revisions. DEWA Dubai Electricity and Water Authority

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PART 1 GENERAL PART 1 GENERAL

DM Dubai Municipality TIMA Thermal Insulation Manufacturers Association

DIN Deutsche Institute for Normung, Germany UPC Uniform Plumbing Code
ETISALAT Emirates Telecommunications Corporation
1.5.2 References
IEC Int’l. Electro-technical Commission
A. Comply with all codes, regulations, specifications and
IEE Institute of Elect. Engineers of London
standards referred to throughout the guidelines.
IEEE Institute of Elect.& Electronics Engineers
B. All references to codes, regulations, specifications and
IES Illuminating Engineering Society
standards referred to in the Guidelines shall, unless otherwise
ISA Instrument Society of America stated, mean the latest edition, amendment or revision of
ISO International Organization for Standardization, such reference standard in effect as of the date of building
Switzerland permit submission.
MSSVFI Manufacturers Standardization Society of C. Equivalent standards acceptable.
the Valves and Fittings Industries
1. Reference to standards is made throughout the guidelines
NAFM National Association of Fan Manufacturers
to establish a standard of quality required a procedure
NAPF National Association of Plastic Manufacturers to be followed, etc. The reference to one particular
NBHA National Builders Hardware Association standard is not intended to prohibit the use of any other
NBS National Bureau of Standards internationally recognized standard, which achieves the
NEC National Electrical Code (NPFA No.70) same level of quality, or requirement as those specifically
mentioned herein.
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NEMI National Elevator Mfg. Industry, Inc. 2. The guidelines and standards referenced in this code
shall be considered part of the requirements of this code
NFC National Fire Code
to the prescribed extent of each such reference. Where
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
differences occur between provisions of this code and
NSC National Safety Council referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this
NSF National Sanitation Foundation code shall apply.
NWC National Water Council, UK
1.5.3 Government Bodies
OSHA Occupational Safety & Health Administration
All works shall be carried out in strict accordance with all relevant
PDI Plumbing & Drainage Institute, USA current codes, regulations, local and administrative orders,
SDI Steel Door Institute specifications and standards of all Government bodies whether
SIGMA Sealed Insulating Glass Manufacturers listed herein or not. The provisions of these guidelines shall not
Association. be deemed to nullify any provisions of local and /or federal law.
SJI Steel Joint Institute
SMACNA Sheet Metal & Air Conditioning Contractors
National Association
SSPC Steel Structure Painting council

18 19
PART 1 GENERAL
1.5.4 Certificates and affidavits
All works shall be carried out in strict accordance with all relevant current
1.5.4.1 Definitions
A. Certificate indicates test results, component manufacture, or
installation complies with specified standards.
B. Affidavit is a sworn statement by an officer of the company
manufacturing the product indicating that the information on the
certificate is true and accurate.
1.5.4.2 An affidavit shall accompany all certificates.
1.5.4.3 A statement from the consultant, contractor, Subcontractor,
equipment supplier, or agent indicating the product meets the
requirements of the regulations and codes shall not be considered as
a certificate.
A. Such submittals shall not be approved.
B. Corresponding equipment, products, or components shall not be
accepted.
1.6 MATERIAL SELECTION AND SUBSTITUTIONS
1.6.1 Introduction
1.6.1.1 Products specified in project specifications shall be described by
Reference Standards or by description only.
1.6.1.2 If products are specified by naming one or more manufacturers,
only the named manufacturers shall be used.
A. Where the term “or approved equal” is included, the contractor
may submit a request for substitution for any manufacturer not
specifically named.
1.6.1.3 Request for substitution constitutes a representation of a
comprehensive justification and that the Contractor:
A. Has investigated the proposed product and has determined
that it meets or exceeds, in all respects, the specified product.
B. Will provide the same warranty for the substitution as the
specified product.
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PART 1 GENERAL
C. Will coordinate the installation requirements of the
substitution and will make all changes necessary for the
Work to be complete in all respects. Cost of such changes
shall be at the Contractor’s sole expense.
D. Waive claims for additional costs resulting from the
substitution which may subsequently become apparent.
1.6.1.4 Substitutions will not be considered when acceptance will
require substantial revisions to the design intent.
1.6.2 Product Acceptance
1.6.2.1 All products shall be tested as required by local regulations
and applicable international standards:
A. Product testing shall be by an approved independent
laboratory or a recognized testing organization,.
B. Contractor shall be responsible for all costs associated
with product testing including labour, transportation and
the cost of the test itself.
C. Testing samples shall be taken at the place of origin, place
of fabrication or from the site as required authority with
jurisdiction representative and
C.1. Samples that are of value after testing shall remain
the property of the Contractor.
C.2. Samples used for testing may only be incorporated
into the Work with the written approval of the Employer
Representative.
D. Contractor shall provide all necessary facilities required
for on site testing of products.
E. Contractor shall ensure that products are made available
for testing sufficiently in advance of intended use so as to
allow for testing.
1.6.2.2 Prior to final inspection, all components, systems and subsystems,
shall be tested to demonstrate compliance with the specified
performance requirements.
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PART 1 GENERAL
1.6.3 Materials
Provide new mechanical and / or electrical products, free of
defects and harmful deterioration at the time of installation. Do
not use units which have been subjected to destructive testing,
or other high-limits testing except where pre-tested products are
specified. Provide each product complete with trim, accessories,
finish, guards, safety devices and similar components specified
or recognized as integral parts of the product, or required by
governing regulations and as described herein:
1.6.3.1 All materials shall be suitable for the climatic and
environmental conditions prevailing on Site, new, and of the
kinds and qualities described in the regulations and project
specifications.
1.6.3.2 Environmental conditions may be different in different parts of
the Works and materials shall be selected and manufactured
items designed accordingly to withstand the relevant corrosive
elements.
1.6.3.3 All materials and products in contact with sewage or sewage
environment shall be non-biodegradable.
1.6.3.4 Assembly Testing: To the greatest extent possible and unless
otherwise indicated, complete the fabrication, assembly,
finishing and testing of products prior to delivery to the
project.
1.6.3.5 Contractor to obtain written approval from the Employer
Representative approval in writing to material use.
1.6.3.6 Where materials to be used for any component have not been
laid down in the specification: Contractor shall use only those
materials in such compositions as have been proved in actual
service to be the most suitable for the particular purpose.
1.6.3.7 Uniformity: Where multiple units of a generic product are required
for a single major system of the mechanical and /or electrical
work, provide identical products by the same manufacturer.
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PART 1 GENERAL
1.7 OPERATIONAL AND FIELD PERFORMANCE TESTING
1.7.3.1 Limitations: Product/manufacturer uniformity does not apply to
raw materials, bulk materials, pipe tube, fittings (except flanged
and grooved types), insulation, sheet metal, wire, steel bar
stock, welding rods, solder, paint, fasteners, motors for various
manufacturers equipment, and similar items used in the work,
except as otherwise indicated.
1.7.3.2 Except where more stringent requirements are indicated, comply
with the product manufacturer’s installation instructions and
recommendations, including handling, anchorage, assembly,
connections, cleaning, testing, charging, lubrication, start-
up, test operation, and shut-down of operating equipment.
Consult with manufacturer’s technical representatives who are
recognized as the technical experts, for specific instructions on
unique project conditions and unforeseen problems.
1.8 OPERATIONAL AND FIELD PERFORMANCE TESTS
After all construction is complete and before Taking-Over of any part
of the works, the Contractor shall perform operational, field and
performance tests as called for in the regulations and applicable
standards.
A. Contractor shall demonstrate operation of the facilities to the
Authority showing proper sequence of operation as well as
satisfactory performance of the system and individual components.
B. Any improper operation of the system or any improper, neglected or
faulty construction shall be repaired or corrected to the satisfaction
of design intent.
C. Contractor shall make such changes, adjustments or replacement
of equipment as may be required to comply with the specifications,
or replace any defective parts or material.
1.9 BUILDING OPERATIONAL RECORDS
1.9.1 Building Installations and Systems
A. The contractor shall submit Category wise, list of all Mechanical,
Electrical and other Installations, made in the building.
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PART 1 GENERAL
B. The contractor shall also supply a list of all Testing and
monitoring Equipment installed. A plan showing such
installations will be attached.
C. Test Certificates for each installation certifying it has been
successfully installed and tested. The date of testing and
agency carrying out tests will be clearly stated.
D. Diagrammatic drawings of each system indicating principal
items of plant, equipment, valve etc. shall be included.
1.9.2 Testing and Commissioning
A. Testing and Commissioning of each and every Equipment and
Installation shall be done as per Manufacturer’s specifications
and manuals and relevant standards and regulations.
B. A copy of Testing and Commissioning certificates will be
supplied by the contractor to the Employer’s Representative
and Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) within two weeks of
the tests.
C. Tests: Whenever there is insufficient evidence of compliance
with the provisions of these guidelines, or evidence that a
material or method does not conform to the requirements,
or in order to substantiate claims for alternative materials
or methods, the AHJ (TRAKHEES) shall have the authority to
require tests as evidence of compliance to be made at no
expense to the jurisdiction. Test methods shall be as specified
in these guidelines or by other recognized test standards.
In the absence of recognized and accepted test methods,
the AHJ shall approve the testing procedures. Tests shall be
performed by an approved agency. Reports of such tests shall
be retained by the building consultant for the period required
for retention of building records.
1.9.3 Maintenance Schedules
A. Detailed maintenance schedules for each and every equipment
and installation shall be prepared by the Contractor and
submitted with test reports.
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PART 1 GENERAL
B. Maintenance schedules shall include:
1. A list of all bearings with type and period of lubrication.
2. Equipment manufacturers printed data on care and
maintenance of bearings and other parts.
3. System wiring and control diagrams and detailed
description of the operation of control systems.
4. Periodicity/ frequency of maintenance with requirements
of materials and parts required.
5. Details of all lubricating oils and greases required and
filter replacements.
C. Man hour requirements for each of the activity mentioned in
the Maintenance Schedule will also be specified.
1.9.4 Operation and Maintenance Manuals:
A. The Operation and Maintenance Manuals will provide full
information in regard to all Equipments and Installations
provided in each building. These would serve as an
information source and guide to the Owner and end user to
understand the Building, Installations and systems.
B. The operating instructions shall include:
1. A general description of the system, equipment included,
and control operation.
2. Instructions on how to start and stop the plant, noting any
safety and /or sequencing arrangements.
3. A trouble-shooting table, showing where to look for trouble
under various conditions of malfunction.
4. Operating temperatures at critical points in the systems.
5. Manuals will contain clear instructions in regard to the
operation and maintenance of the equipment, Installation
and Systems, which will be adequate to enable the end user
to operate and maintain these facilities safely and effectively.
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PART 1 GENERAL
C. The names, addresses and telephone numbers of the
manufacturer of every item of plant and equipment, type and
model, serial number, duty and rating together with catalogue
list numbers.
D. The format of the Contents Layout for all Operation and
Maintenance Manuals shall be as suggested below:
• Building, System or Plant installed.
• Detailed Description of the system or Plant installed.
• Equipment Schedules.
• General Maintenance Procedures.
• Specific Maintenance instructions.
• System, Plant Commissioning.
• Drawings.
• Parts identification and recommended spares.
• Spares Policy.
• Manufacturer’s literature.
• Warranties as applicable.
E Suppliers and Manufacturers
E.1 Names, addresses, telephone, e-mail and fax numbers of
contractors, sub-contractors, suppliers and manufacturers
responsible for the supply and installation of any
equipment, plant or system, shall be supplied by the
contractor.
E.2 List of suppliers manufactures, who could be alternate
source of supply of spare parts, maintenance services
shall also be supplied by the contractor.
1.9.5 Training
A. The contractor shall be responsible to train adequate number
of Operators or Maintenance Staff deputed by the Employer
Representative. They shall be trained for correct operation,
safety devices, control and maintenance of all air conditioning
and MEP services.
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PART 1 GENERAL
B. The training shall be carried out by the qualified
commissioning staff, for each particular service and shall
continue till the operators or maintenance staff is fully
conversant with aspects of operations.
1.10 DUTIES AND POWER OF AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (AHJ)
1.10.1 Responsibilities and Disputes
1.10.1.1 At the discretion of the Authority the BUILDING PERMIT may be
cancelled or suspended if:
A. Work was carried out in contravention of the conditions of
the BUILDING PERMIT or of any regulations issued by the
Authority.
B. It is subsequently revealed that the BUILDING PERMIT was
issued on the basis of erroneous information supplied by
the developer or his agent.
1.10.1.2 The Authority is empowered to change, amend, replace and/
or update the regulations without notice. It is the developer’s
responsibility to obtain updated regulations and ensure compliance.
1.10.1.3 It is the responsibility of the developer to apply the up-to-date
regulations, TRAKHEES, CED Notices, etc. that may supersede those
mentioned in these regulations.
1.10.1.4 The Authority reserves the right to reject the appointment of
consultants or contractors for particular jobs if they are not deemed
competent enough to fulfil the related responsibilities.
1.10.1.5 The Authority reserves the right to suspend a consultant or a
contractor for non compliance with the regulations, and/ or for the
convenience.
1.10.1.6 Neither the checking of the drawings, nor the checking of the
calculations, nor inspection of the work during the progress of
construction, shall be construed in any way to impose responsibility
and/or liability on the Authority or their agents. The developer
and his agents shall remain entirely responsible for all errors in the
design and execution of the project and for the stability and safety of
construction during the progress of the works and after completion.
27
PART 1 GENERAL PART 1 GENERAL

1.10.1.7 All complaints and disputes concerning BUILDING PERMITS and 1.10.4 Violations
the erection of buildings shall be referred to the Authority. Any
1.10.4.1 Unlawful Acts
financial disputes shall be referred to Dubai Courts
It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect,
1.10.2 Use and Occupancy construct, alter, extend, repair, move, remove, demolish or
occupy any building, structure or equipment regulated by this
1.10.2.1 No building or structure shall be used or occupied, and no
guidelines, or cause same to be done, in conflict with or in
change in the existing occupancy classification of a building
violation of any of their provisions.
or structure or portion thereof shall be made until the
AHJ- TRAKHEES has issued a certificate of occupancy and 1.10.4.2 Notice of Violation
/ or completion. Issuance of such certificates shall not be The AHJ- TRAKHEES is authorized to serve a notice of
construed as an approval of a violation of the provisions of violation or order on the person responsible for the erection,
these guidelines or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction. construction, alteration, extension, repair, moving, removal,
Certificates presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the demolition or occupancy of a building or structure in violation
provisions of this code or other ordinances of the jurisdiction of the provisions of regulations, or in violation of a permit or
shall not be valid. certificate issued under the provisions of AHJ regulations.
Such order shall direct the discontinuance of the illegal action
1.10.3 Service Utilities
or condition and the abatement of the violation.
1.10.3.1 Connection of Service Utilities
1.10.4.3 Violation Penalties
No person shall make connections from a utility, source of
Any person who violates a provision of these guidelines or
energy, fuel or power to any building or system for which a
fails to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who
permit is required until approved by TRAKHEES, CED.
erects, constructs, alters or repairs a building or structure in
1.10.3.2 Temporary Connection. violation of the approved construction documents or directive
TRAKHEES, CED. Shall have the authority to authorize and of the AHJ, shall be subject to penalties as prescribed by law.
approve the temporary connection of the building or system
to the utility source of energy, fuel or power.
1.10.3.3 Authority to disconnect service utilities
TRAKHEES shall have the authority to authorize disconnection
of utility service to the building, structure or system in case of
emergency where necessary to eliminate an immediate hazard
to life or property or when such utility connection has been
made without the approval required by above mentioned
Sections. TRAKHEES shall notify the serving utility and
whenever possible the owner and occupant of the building,
structure or service system of the decision to disconnect prior
to taking such action if not notified prior to disconnection. The
owner or occupant of the building, structure or service system
shall be notified in writing as soon as practical thereafter.

28 29
 2
PART

MEP SYSTEMS

30 31
 1

2.1 SECTION
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS HVAC SYSTEMS

2.1 Section

2.1.1 INTRODUCTION
In the design of all HVAC systems and equipment, energy conservation,
durability and ease of maintenance shall be emphasized consistent
with required performance characteristics.
The general design development shall be based on quality,
performance, function, aesthetic appearance, selection of materials,
equipment, finishes, type of construction and method of construction
to achieve the following advantages:
• Long life time
• Economical Construction
• Low maintenance, easily control quality, and free from climatic
effects.
The engineering techniques should be used to analyze the function (s)
of ietems, products, equipment, processes or procedures to ensure
that all required functions are accomplished at the lowest total cost.
This cost includes initial cost as well as operating and maintenance
costs throughout the life cycle of the project.

32 33
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
2.1.2 DESIGN CRITERIA
2.1.2.1 Outdoor Design Conditions
Summer
North latitude 25° N
Design Temp
Dry Bulb 115 °F – 46 oC
Wet Bulb 85 °F - 29.4oC
Outdoor daily range 25 °F , 13.8oC
Max. Ambient temperature 125 °F
Extend of variation in the temperature on the day of design
(Outdoor Daily Range) 13.8oC
• Units: HVAC systems design to be submitted for approvals
shall be presented in SI units
• Chillers and A/C equipment shall be selected at Max. Ambient
temperature.,
• Fresh air handling unis shall be calculated and selected based
on 31 oC temperature wet.
2.1.2.2 Indoor Design Conditions
Indoor design conditions vary from application to another, so the
ASHRAE Handbook HVAC APPLICATIONS shall be the reference
for all indoor design conditions for all types of applications.
2.1.2.3 Heat Gain And Loss Calculations
Cooling and Heating loads will be estimated using latest HAP
version program, Hourly Analysis program HAP version 4.20, 4.3
or later or any equivalent and load estimate program approved
by TRAKHEES.
2.1.2.4 HVAC Design Parameters
2.1.2.4.1 External Load Parameters
The architectural consultant shall provide the mechanical
engineer with the following parameters for heat load
calculations but not limited to:
a) Building orientation
34
PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS
b) All floor plans
c) Building elevations and sections
d) Doors and windows schedule
e) Construction details (for U-Values calculations)
f) Any special requirements for special applications like
(hospitals, stadiums, education facilities, malls, .....etc)
Mechanical engineers shall coordinate HVAC requirements
with the architectural consultant considering equipments
size and maintenance space required for proper installation.
Coordination for all MEP services will be the main consultant’s
responsibility.
2.1.2.4.2 Internal load Parameters
Occupancy: The total no. of people who will occupy the
building shall be calculated based on the furniture plans and
as per ASHRAE Standard 62 recommendations
b) Lighting: shall be as per ASHRAE Standard 90
recommendations.
c) Miscellaneous loads: shall be as per ASHRAE
recommendation for application type.
d) Infiltration: shall be as per ASHRAE recommendation
2.1.2.4.3 Outside Air load Parameters
a) Ventilation: shall be as per ASHRAE standard 62.1-2007
2.1.3 INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Basics of Indoor Air Quality Control
This guidelines edition does not address investigation and mitigation
of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) problems in existing or new buildings.
However, good HVAC design can help to prevent problems such as sick
building syndrome from arising. Acceptable IAQ should follow where
are these design methods described. However, the designer should
have explicit knowledge of the basic principles that control air quality
and comfort in buildings. In particular, setting up and mandating a
good control system is essential. Reference has been made in earlier
chapters to ASHRAE Standard 62 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air
35
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
Quality. Standard 62 defines acceptable Indoor Air Quality as follows:
Air in which there are no known contaminants at harmful concentrations as
determined by cognizant authorities and with which a substantial majority
(80% or more) of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction..
Standard 62 sets criteria not only for outdoor air ventilation, but also
for control of contaminant sources, system geometry, and maintenance.
Filtration, also an important factor for acceptable indoor air quality, is
covered by ASHRAE Standard 52.2 Method of Testing General Ventilation
Air Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size. The designer
must be familiar with both of these documents because both are
incorporated into most local building codes.
Acceptable indoor air quality begins with maintaining space dry bulb
temperature and relative humidity within the guidelines of ASHRAE
Standard 55 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.
Beyond this, the following principles apply for humid climates:
1. Maintaining positive pressure in the building at all times during
occupancy.
2. Selecting HVAC systems that can maintain average relative humidity
below 60% under all conditions.
3. Ensuring that the building pressure envelope and thermal envelope
coincide and that both are continuous.
4. Ensuring that cabinets or closets containing volatile materials are
properly exhausted to the outside. This is a requirement of many
codes, but where no code requirement exists, the responsibility lies
with the design team.
5. Ensuring that commercial cooking and dishwashing operations
have properly designed hoods in accordance with NFPA 96.
6. Ensuring that processes that may be conducted within a zone have
properly designed exhaust hoods, as described in the Industrial
Ventilation Manual.
7. Ensuring that no mechanical exhaust or outdoor air intake is
operating when a zone is unoccupied and AC equipment is off. This
is a control function.
36
PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS
2.1.4 SYSTEM SELECTION
HVAC system maintains desired environmental conditions in a space.
In almost every application, many options are available to the design
engineer to satisfy a client’s building program and design intent. In
the analysis, selection, and combination of these options, the design
engineer should consider the criteria defined here, as well as project-
specific parameters to achieve the functional requirements associated
with the project design intent.
The design engineer should consider sustainability as it pertains
to responsible energy and environmental design, as well as
constructability of the design. HVAC systems are categorized by the
method used to produce, deliver, and control heating, ventilating,
and air conditioning in the conditioned area. This chapter addresses
procedures for selecting the appropriate system for a given application
while taking into account pertinent issues associated with designing,
building, commissioning, operating, and maintaining the system. It
also describes and defines the design concepts and characteristics
of basic HVAC systems. Chapters 2 to 5 describe specific systems
and their attributes, based on their heating and cooling medium and
commonly used variations, constructability, commissioning, operation,
and maintenance.
These guidelines are intended as a guide for the design engineer,
builder, facility manager, and student needing to know or reference
the analysis and selection process that leads to recommending the
optimum system for the job. The approach applies to HVAC conversion,
building system upgrades, system retrofits, building renovations and
expansion, and new construction for any building:
2.1.5 ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
2.1.5.1 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS CLASSES:
Air conditioning systems can be divided into two classes: chilled
water system and direct expansion system (dx).. For small
residential and commercial systems, chilled water system is
generally impractical. Dx air conditioning may be cost effective,
especially in cold climates.
The basic preliminary design decisions will be as follows:
37
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
Air source or water source units
Split systems or packaged units
Matched air conditioning units of five tons or less are often
designated by equipment manufacturers as residential. However,
such systems are frequently applied to small commercial and
institutional buildings.
2.1.5.1.1 DX Air Source Systems
These systems are most likely to be chosen for cooling the
small residential and commercial systems. Air source refers to
outdoor air as the source for heat or heat rejection, and air
as the heat transfer medium to add or remove heat from the
space. Refrigerant transfers the heat from the space to the
outdoor air.
2.1.5.1.2 Split System or Packaged
Matched split system air conditioners and heat pumps are available
in sizes from 1.5 to 25 tons. Packaged systems, with the evaporator
and condenser in the same housing, can be used where inside
space is unavailable, and can be used on the ground outside, or on
the roof. In either case, the architect must provide the space in the
context of the interior layout or the visual impact on the building
elevations. Preliminary design and planning should not be a time-
consuming or complex task. Its purpose is to coordinate with the
owner and architect to ensure that the HVAC system meets their
requirements and can be incorporated into the building and site. It
will also help the engineer as the project is developed.
2.1.5.1.3 Chilled Water Systems
These systems are most likely to be chosen for cooling large
residential and commercial systems to save energy. These
system can be divided into two major types:
1) Air cooled chilled water system
2) Water cooled chilled water system
For primary systems only: A combination of 2-way and 3-way
control valves or a pressure differential bypass and 2-way
control valve shall be used to ensure proper flow and pressure
in the hydronic cooling and heating system; the engineer of
38
PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS
Figure 1: Duct-work Distribution
record shall determine which engineering solution is used.
For primary/secondary systems only: 2-way control valves
with variable frequency drives on the secondary pump and
by-pass line (de-coupling) shall be used to ensure proper flow
and pressure in the hydronic cooling and heating systems.
A variable volume outside air system utilizing heat recovery
equipment (Sensible/Latent), sized to provide the amount of
outside air required by code shall be considered.
DDC controls shall be installed to control the HVAC systems
including air handling equipment, exhaust fans, pumps,
chillers, etc., to control temperature and humidity and to allow
for remote monitoring.
• All occupied spaces shall be air conditioned.
• All ductwork shall be inside the building when possible.
• All ductwork shall be concealed wherever possible.
• All mechanical systems shall be designed to minimize
the sound levels in occupied spaces. The maximum
acceptable sound levels shall be as data mentioned in
ASHARE applications handbook.
The following table indicated the recommended HVAC systems
for various buildings and applications to comply with energy
saving considerations.
39
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS

Building Total Totalload RECOMMENDED HVAC Outdoor for terminal devices consists of selecting devices that meet the
Type Built-up estimate DX Air design goal under all operating conditions and installing them
Water District Treated
Area (T.R.) properly so that no additional sound is generated. The sound
Cooled Cooled Cooling Fresh air
(M2) power output of a fan is determined by the type of fan, airflow,
Water Water Plant Ventilation
and pressure. Sound control in the duct system requires proper
Chillers Chillers (DCP) with Heat
Recovery duct layout, sizing, and provision for installing duct attenuators,
if required. Noise generated by a system increases with both duct
Private
------ ------ * Optional velocity and system pressure.
Villas
2.1.5.2.2 Testing and Balancing
<6000 m2 Les 300 * * * *
Each air duct system should be tested, adjusted, and balanced.
Residential >8000m2 Above 400 * * *
Detailed procedures are given ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC
High Rise Above 1500 * * * Applications. To properly determine fan total (or static) pressure
<6000 m2 Les 300 * * * * from field measurements taking into account fan system effect.
Offices >8000m 2
Above 400 * * * It is important that system effect magnitudes be known prior to
testing. For TAB calculation procedures of numerous fan/ system
High Rise Above 1500 * * *
configurations encountered in the field, refer to AMCA.
<400 m 2
Les 250 * * * *
Educational 2.1.5.2.3 Duct Design Methods
>1000m2 Above 500 * * *
Duct design methods for HVAC systems and for exhaust systems
<5000m2 Les 250 * * * * * conveying vapours, gases, and smoke are the equal-friction
Hotels
>6000 m2 Above 300 * * * * method, the static regain method, and the T-method. The
<5000m 2
Les 250 * * * * * section on Industrial Exhaust System Duct Design presents the
Hospitals design criteria and procedures for exhaust systems conveying
>6000 m2 Above 300 * * * *
particulates. Equal friction and static regain are non-optimizing
Shopping
>4000m2 Above 300 * * * * methods, and the T-method is a practical optimization method
Malls introduced by Tsal et al. (1988). To ensure that system designs
are acoustically acceptable, noise generation should be analyzed
Table 1: Recommended HVAC Systems for Various Buildings and sound attenuators and/or acoustically lined duct provided
and Applications where necessary.
2.1.5.2.3.1 Equal-Friction Method
2.1.5.2 DUCT DESIGN AND AIR DISTRIBUTION
In the equal-friction method, ducts are sized for a constant
2.1.5.2.1 System and Duct Noise pressure loss per unit length. When energy cost is high and
The major sources of noise from air-conditioning systems are installed ductwork cost is low, a low friction-rate design is
diffusers, grilles, fans, ducts, fittings, and vibrations. Chapter more economical. For low energy cost and high duct cost,
47 of the ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications discusses a higher friction rate is more economical. After initial sizing,
sound control for each of these sources, as well as methods calculate total pressure loss for all duct sections, and then
for calculating required sound attenuation. Sound control resize sections to balance pressure losses at each junction.

40 41
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS

2.1.5.2.3.2 Static Regain Method
This design method is only applicable to supply air
systems. The objective is to obtain the same static pressure
at diverging flow junctions by changing downstream duct
sizes.
2.1.5.2.3.3 T-Method
T-method optimization (Tsal et al. 1988) is a dynamic
programming procedure based on Bellman’s (1957)
tee-staging idea, except that phase-level vector tracing
is eliminated by optimizing locally at each stage. This
modification reduces the number of calculations, but
requires iteration.
2.1.5.2.4 Typical Design Velocities for HVAC Components
See Table 8 in Chapter 21 (Duct Design) of the 2009 ASHRAE
Handbook—HVAC Fundamentals.
2.1.5.2.5 Balancing Dampers
Constant-Volume (CV) Systems Dampers should be provided
throughout CV systems. Systems designed using the
2.1.6 VENTILATION AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY
inherently non-self-balancing equal-friction method should
have balancing dampers at each branch throughout the
system, unless sections are resized to balance pressure
losses at each junction. Self-balancing design methods,
such as static regain and the T-method, produce fairly well-
balanced systems and theoretically do not need balancing
self-balancing at design loads and VAV boxes compensate
for inaccuracy in fitting data or data inaccuracy caused by
close-coupled fittings (at design loads) and system pressure
variation (at part loads). Balancing dampers, however, are
required for systems designed using the non-self-balancing
equal-friction method. For systems designed using any
method, dampers should not be installed in the inlets to VAV
boxes.
2.1.5.2.7 Industrial Exhaust System Duct Design
Chapter 30 of the ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications
discusses design criteria, including hood design, for industrial
exhaust systems. Exhaust systems conveying vapors, gases,
and smoke can be designed by the equal-friction or T-method.
Systems conveying particulates are designed by the constant
velocity method at duct velocities adequate to convey particles
to the system air cleaner. For contaminant transport velocities,
see Table 2 in Chapter 30 of the ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC
Applications.
2.1.6.1 Fresh Air Ventilation
Ventilation equipment size is exaggerated here for clarity.
This system is separate from forced-air heating and cooling.

dampers; however, because of the accuracy limitations of ventilation

exhaust
The HRV unit must be accessible for
maintenance and filter replacement.
supply

fitting data (loss coefficients), use of fittings for which no data Master
Balanced heat-recovery
ventilation (HRV) unit.

are available, and effects of close-coupled fittings, dampers

Bath

should be provided.
Master
Bedroom

Bedroom Kitchen

2.1.5.2.6 Variable-Air-Volume (VAV) Systems

Living Room

Bath

Bedroom

VAV systems in balance at design loads will not be in balance ventilation control
ceiling exhaust grilles

at part-load conditions, because there is no single critical path direction of air flow
ceiling supply grilles

in VAV systems. The critical path is dynamic and continually Intermittent

range-hood
ventilation supply ducts

ventilation exhaust ducts

exhaust fan
changing as loads on a building change. In general, balancing
dampers are not needed for systems designed by the static
regain or T-method, because these design methods are

Figure 2: Fresh Air Ventilation

42 43
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
Minimum outdoor fresh air required for varies applications as per
the following Table and as per ASHARE Standard 62-2004.
2.1.6.2 Parking Garages
2.1.6.2.1 Automobile parking garages can be either fully enclosed
or partially open. Fully enclosed parking areas are often
underground and require mechanical ventilation. Partially
open parking garages are generally above-grade structural
decks having open sides (except for barricades), with a
complete deck above. Natural ventilation, mechanical
ventilation, or a combination can be used for partially
open garages. Operating automobiles in parking garages
presents two concerns. The more serious is emission of CO,
with its known risks. The other concern is oil and gasoline
fumes, which may cause nausea and headaches and also
represent potential fire hazards. Additional concerns about
NOx and smoke haze from diesel engines may also require
consideration. However, the ventilation rate required to dilute
CO to acceptable levels is usually satisfactory to control the
level of other contaminants as well, provided the percentage
of diesel vehicles does not exceed 20%. For many years, the
various model Ventilation Requirements and Design ASHRAE
Research Project RP-945 (Krarti and Ayari 1998) found that
the design ventilation rate required for an enclosed parking
facility depends chiefly on four factors:
• Acceptable level of contaminants in the parking facility
• Number of cars in operation during peak conditions
• Length of travel and the operating time for cars in the
garage
• Emission rate of a typical car under various conditions
Contaminant Level Criteria. ACGIH (1998) recommends a
threshold CO limit of 29 mg/m3 (25 ppm) for an 8 h exposure,
and the U.S. EPA (2000) determined that exposure, at or
near sea level, to a CO concentration of 40 mg/m3 (35 ppm)
for up to 1 h is acceptable. For parking garages more than
1000 m above sea level, more stringent limits are required.
44
PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS
The ICC’s (2003a) International Mechanical Code requires
ventilation be provided to limit CO concentrations to 29 mg/
m3 (25 ppm) or below.In Europe, an average concentration
of 40 mg/m3 (35 ppm) and a maximum level of 230 mg/m3
(200 ppm) are usually maintained in parking garages. Various
agencies and countries differ on the acceptable level of CO
in parking garages, but a reasonable solution is a ventilation
rate designed to maintain a CO level of 40 mg/m3 (35 ppm)
for 1 h exposure, with a maximum of 130 mg/m3 (120 ppm),
or 29 mg/m3 (25 ppm) for an 8 h exposure. Because the
time associated with driving in and parking, or driving out of
a garage, is on the order of minutes, 40 mg/m3 (35 ppm) is
probably an acceptable level of exposure. However, Figure 14
provides nomographs for 15 and 25 ppm maximum exposures
as well, to allow the designer to conform to more stringent
regulations.
Number of Cars in Operation. The number of cars operating
at any one time depends on the type of facility served by the
parking garage. For distributed, continuous use, such as an
apartment building or shopping area, the variation is generally
3 to 5% of the total vehicle capacity. The operating capacity
could reach 15 to 20% in other facilities, such as sports
stadiums or short-haul airports.
2.1.6.2.2 Length of Time of Operation
The length of time that a car remains in operation in a parking
garage is a function of the size and layout of the garage, and
the number of cars attempting to enter or exit at a given time.
The operating time could vary from as much as 60 to 600 s,
but on average, it usually ranges from 60 to 180 s. Table 2 lists
approximate data for average vehicle entrance and exit times;
this data should be adjusted to suit the specific physical
configuration of the facility.
45
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
2.1.6.2.3 Car Emission Rate
Operating a car in a parking garage differs considerably from
normal vehicle operation, including that in a road tunnel. Most
car movements in and around a parking garage occur in low
gear. A car entering a garage travels slowly, but the engine
is usually hot. As a car exits from a garage, the engine is
usually cold and operating in low gear, with a rich fuel mixture.
Emissions for a cold start are considerably higher, so the
distinction between hot and cold emission plays a critical role
in determining the ventilation rate. Motor vehicle emission
factors for hot- and cold-start operation are presented in Table 3.
An accurate analysis requires correlation of CO readings with
the survey data on car movements (Hama et al. 1974); the data
should be adjusted to suit the specific physical configuration
of the facility and the design year.
2.1.6.2.4 Refer to page 218
2.1.7 PRESSURIZATION AND SMOKE
The idea of using pressurization to prevent smoke infiltration of
stairwells began to attract attention in the late 1960s. This concept
was followed by the idea of the pressure sandwich (i.e., venting or
exhausting the fire floor and pressurizing the surrounding floors).
Frequently, a building’s ventilation system is used for this purpose.
Smoke control systems use fans to pressurize appropriate areas to
limit smoke movement in fire situations. Smoke management systems
include pressurization and all other methods that can be used singly or
in combination to modify smoke movement.
These guidelines discuss fire protection and smoke control systems in
buildings as they relate to HVAC. For a more complete discussion, refer
to Principles of Smoke Management (Klote and Milke 2002). National
Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 204 provides information
about venting large industrial and storage buildings. For further
information, refer to NFPA Standards 92A and 92B.
The objective of fire safety is to provide some degree of protection
for a building’s occupants, the building and property inside it, and
neighboring buildings. Various forms of analysis have been used to
quantify protection. Specific life safety objectives differ with occupancy;
46
PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS
for example, nursing home requirements are different from those for
office buildings.
Two basic approaches to fire protection are
(1) To prevent fire ignition.
(2) To manage fire effects
Before methods of smoke control were developed, HVAC systems were
shut down when fires were discovered because the systems frequently
transported smoke during fires.
In the early stages of a fire, the HVAC system can aid in fire detection.
When a fire starts in an unoccupied portion of a building, the system
can transport the smoke to a space where people
can smell it and be alerted to the fire. However, as the fire progresses,
the system transports smoke to every area it serves, thus endangering
life in all those spaces. The system also supplies air to the fire space,
which aids combustion. Although shutting the system down prevents
it from supplying air to the fire, it does not prevent smoke movement
through the supply and return air ducts, air shafts, and other building
openings because of stack effect, buoyancy, or wind.
Fire and Smoke Dampers
Openings for ducts in walls and floors with fire resistance ratings
should be protected by fire dampers and ceiling dampers, as
required by local codes. Air transfer openings should also be
protected. These dampers should be classified and labeled in
accordance with Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standard 555.
Figure 11 shows recommended damper positions for smoke
control.
(FIRE AND SMOKE MANAGEMENT) ASHRAE applications to be
applies for this section to calculate the required air flow for
pressurization and smoke evacuation system.
2.1.8 NOISE CRITERIA
2.1.8.1 General
a) Values and ranges are based on judgment and experience, not
on quantitative evaluations of human reactions. They represent
general limits of acceptability for typical building occupancies.
47
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS

Higher or lower values may be appropriate and should be based

on careful analysis of economics, space use, and user needs.
b) When sound quality in the space is important, specify criteria
in terms of RC(N). If sound quality in the space is of secondary
concern, the criteria may be specified in terms of NC or NCB
levels of similar magnitude.
c) An experienced acoustical consultant should be retained for
guidance on acoustically critical spaces (below RC 30) and for
all performing arts spaces.
d) Some educators and others believe that HVAC-related sound
criteria for schools, as listed in previous editions of this table,
are too high and impede learning for affected groups of all
ages. See ANSI Standard S12.60-2002 for classroom acoustics

Buildings / Spaces RC(N) Buildings / Activities RC(N)

Residences,
Performing Arts
Apartments, 25 to 35
Spaces Figure 3: Design Guidelines for HVAC - related Background
ondominiums
Drama theaters, con- Sound in Rooms
Hotels/Motels 25
cert and recital halls
Individual rooms or Music teaching stu-
25 to 35 25 and a justification for lower sound criteria in schools. The
suites dios
HVAC component of total noise meets the background noise
Meeting/banquet
25 to 35 Music practice rooms 30 to 35 requirement of that standard if HVAC-related back- ground
rooms
sound RC 25(N).
Laboratories
Corridors, lobbies 35 to 45 e) RC or NC criteria for these spaces need only be selected for
(with fume hoods)
Testing/research, the desired speech and hearing conditions.
Service/support
35 to 45 minimal speech 45 to 55 2.1.8.2 HVAC Noise Reduction Design Procedures
areas
communication
These HVAC system design procedures address the 63 to 4000
Research, extensive Hz octave band mid frequency range. Although it is desirable
Office Buildings telephone use, 40 to 50 to extend this frequency range down into the 31.5 Hz octave
speech band, acoustical calculations below the 125 Hz octave band
Executive and are not reliable. With a few exceptions, if acoustical design
25 to 35 communication
private offices criteria are met at 4000 Hz, then the 8000 Hz requirements are
also met. Guidelines in this chapter and other guides maximize
Table 4: The minimum Noise criteria recommended by
the probability of meeting acoustical design criteria in the 31.5
ASHARE standards

48 49
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS

to 8000 Hz octave bands. There is reasonable probability that it is also the responsibility of
the acoustical design criteria will be met when the following the HVAC designer to advise
requirements are satisfied: the architect and lighting
• Systems are designed in accordance with the equipment designer regarding the
selection, placement, and integration guidelines in this energy code requirements
chapter, other ASHRAE guides, and manufacturers’ of the building envelope,
application notes and bulletins. lighting, and equipment. This
is because these elements
• Acoustical calculations based on the information included in of the building design are
this chapter and the information provided by the equipment addressed in Standard 90.1
manufacturer indicate that the system will not exceed the and strongly affect the size,
selected acoustical design criteria values in the 63 to 4000 Hz type, and configuration of the
octave band frequency range. HVAC system. This chapter will
The following suggested design procedure uses the NC method, outline the requirements of
which is the most commonly used. Other criteria, such as NCB 90.1, define critical terms, and
or RC, may be used. However, it is often difficult to acquire low Figure 4: Plate Heat Exchanger discuss the implementation of
frequency sound data, and low-frequency acoustical calculations energy efficient design.
for HVAC system components are not reliable. COP. Coefficient of Performance. This is the ratio of heat removed
a. Determine the design goal for HVAC system noise for each or added by the unit, in Btuh to the energy input to the unit in
critical area according to its use and construction. Choose the Btuh.
desirable NC criterion from Table 42, assuming that the RC(N) Electric heaters have a COP of unity because all of the electric
listed are comparable to the NC. energy input appears as heat in the air stream. Reverse cycle heat
b. Select equipment and fittings (e.g., air inlet and outlet grilles, pumps have a COP greater than unity because they transfer heat
registers, diffusers, and air terminal and fan-coil units that from outdoors to indoors. HSPF . Heating Season Performance
radiate sound directly into a room) that will be quiet enough Factor. Basically, the .average COP. for an entire heating season,
to meet design goals. based on a standardized test defined by the Air Conditioning
and Refrigeration Institute (ARI). It is applied to heat pumps with
c. Complete initial design and layout of the HVAC system.
capacity of less than 65,000 Btuh.
Include typical duct lining where appropriate. Provide space
for duct sound attenuators. EER. Energy Efficiency Ratio. This is the ratio of cooling capacity
in Btuh to input energy in Watts. It is applied to cooling units with
2.1.9 ENERGY CONSERVATIONS capacity of 65,000 Btuh or larger. Note that EER is simply COP
multiplied by the factor to convert electric input energy to Btuh(
2.1.9.1 ENERGY EFFICIENT DESIGN 3.14) .
The HVAC designer is responsible for providing the building owner IPLV. Integrated Part Load Value. This is a seasonal .average.
an efficient HVAC system that meets or exceeds ASHRAE Standard EER for units rated commercial. (65,000 Btuh or larger). Lighting
90.1 and local energy codes and LEED certificate (if it is required). Power Density. The total wattage of lighting in a particular space.
In the discussion of HVAC Design Parameters it was noted that Maximum lighting power densities are set forth in Standard

50 51
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
90.1 for various space occupancy categories such as offices,
auditoriums and lobbies. The lighting power density of a space
is required to compute the space design sensible cooling load
and assign a supply air flow. The HVAC designer must review
the lighting plan for code compliance as well as for cooling load
calculations.
2.1.9.2 CONSULTATION WITH OTHER DISCIPLINESS
During the preliminary design phase, the HVAC designer should
advise the architect and lighting designer on the following
energy points Explain to the architect and lighting designer
that reducing lighting power densities below the Standard 90.1
maximum recommendations will have a profound effect on the
size of the HVAC systems, besides reducing energy costs for the
owner. Review the architectural design and advise the architect
of tramp air sources such as gaps in the pressure and thermal
envelopes at eves. Review the proposed building insulation for
code compliance, good practice, and A/C unit size reduction.
Check that the thermal envelope either coincides with or is inside
of the pressure envelope. Notify the designer of problems found.
Advise the building designer regarding glazing, insulation and
tinting . low e, insulated, tinted. Large glass surfaces can cause
occupant discomfort if radiation from the glass is not mitigated
by multi-pane insulation (winter) and tinting (summer).
2.1.9.3 MINIMUM EFFICIENCY
In general, the air conditioning equipment offered by U.A.E.
manufacturers and supplier for approved international
equipments will meet or exceed the requirements of Standard
90.1. While this should be verified, the designer challenge will
be whether to select a unit that exceeds the minimum. Even
though selecting improved efficiency will probably increase
first cost, the owner’s long term objectives are best met by
selecting the highest efficiency unit that will meet satisfy the
project psychrometric requirements. High EER cooling units may
have high sensible heat ratio and poor moisture removal. This
will show up with psychrometric analysis, but should also be
reviewed for off design performance. Heat pipes can mitigate this
problem. ASHRAE tables.
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PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS
2.1.9.4 ENERGY CONSERVATION
(INSULATION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS)
Thermal insulation is commonly used to reduce energy
consumption of HVAC systems and equipment. Minimum insulation
levels for ductwork and piping are often dictated by energy codes,
many of which are based on ASHRAE Standards 90.1 and 90.2. In
many cases, it may be cost-effective to go beyond the minimum
levels dictated by energy codes. Thicknesses greater than the
optimum economic thickness may be required for other technical
reasons such as condensation control, personnel protection, or
noise control. Tables 1 to 3 contain minimum insulation levels
for ducts and pipes, excerpted from ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
90.1-2007, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise
Residential Buildings. Interest in green buildings (i.e., those that
are environmentally responsible and energy efficient, as well as
healthier places to work) is increasing. The LEED® (Leadership
in Energy and Environmental Design) Green Building Rating
System™, created by the U.S. Green Building Council, is a voluntary
rating system that sets out sustainable design and performance
criteria for buildings. It evaluates environmental performance
from a whole-building perspective and awards points based on
satisfying performance criteria in several different categories.
Different levels of green building certification are awarded based
on the total points earned. The role of mechanical insulation in
reducing energy usage, along with the associated greenhouse gas
emissions, can help to contribute to LEED certification and should
be considered when designing an insulation system.
ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 90.2-2007 Energy-Efficient Design of Low-rise
Residential Buildings
ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1-2007 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Lowrise
Residential Buildings
2.1.9.5 DESIGN PROCESS FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT PROJECTS
Consider energy efficiency at the beginning of the building design
process, because energy-efficient features are most easily and
53
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
effectively incorporated at that time. Seek the active participation
of all members of the design team, including the owner, architect,
engineer, and often the contractor, early in the design process.
Consider building attributes such as building function, form,
orientation, window/wall ratio, and HVAC system types early
in the process, because each has major energy implications.
Identify meaningful energy performance benchmarks suited to
the project, and set project-specific goals. Energy benchmarks
for a sample project are shown in Table 1. Consider energy
resources, on-site energy sources, and use of renewable energy,
credits, or carbon offsets to mitigate environmental impacts of
energy use. Address a building’s energy requirements in the
following sequence:
1. Minimize the impact of the building’s functional requirements
by analyzing how the building relates to its external
environment. Advocate changes in building form, aspect
ratio, and other attributes that reduce, redistribute, or delay
(shift) loads. The load calculation should be interactive so
that the effect of those factors can be seen immediately.
2. Minimize loads by analyzing external and internal loads
imposed on the building energy-using subsystems, both
for peak- and part-load conditions. Design for efficient and
effective operation off-peak, where the majority of operating
hours and energy use typically occurs.
3. Maximize subsystem efficiency by analyzing the diversified
energy and power equirements of each energy-using
subsystem serving the building’s functional equirements.
Consider static and dynamic efficiencies of energy conversion
and energy transport subsystems, and consider opportunities
to reclaim, redistribute, and store energy for later use.
4. Study alternative ways to integrate subsystems into the
building by considering both power and time components
of energy use. Identify, evaluate, and design each of these
components to control overall design energy consumption.
Consider the following when integrating major building
subsystems:
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PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS
• Address more than one problem at a time when developing
design solutions, and make maximum use of the building’s
advantageous features (e.g., windows, structural mass).
• Examine design solutions that consider time (i.e., when
energy use occurs), because sufficient energy may
already be present from the environment (e.g., solar heat,
night cooling) or from internal equipment (e.g., lights,
computers) but available at times different from when
needed. Active (e.g., heat pumps with water tanks) and
passive (e.g., building mass) storage techniques may need
to be considered.
• Examine design solutions that consider the anticipated use
of space. For example, in large but relatively unoccupied
spaces, consider task or zone lighting. Consider transporting
excess energy (light and heat) from locations of production
and availability to locations of need instead of purchasing
additional energy.
• Never reject waste energy at temperatures usable for space
conditioning or other practical purposes without calculating
the economic benefit of energy recovery or treatment for
reuse.
• Consider or advocate design solutions that provide
more comfortable surface temperatures or increase the
availability of controlled daylight in buildings where human
occupancy is a primary function.
• Use easily understood design solutions, because they
have a greater probability of use by building operators and
occupants.
• Where the functional requirements of a building are likely
to change over time, design the installed environmental
system to adapt to meet anticipated changes and to provide
flexibility in meeting future changes in use, occupancy, or
other functions. Develop energy performance benchmarks,
metrics, and targets that will allow building owners and
operators to better realize the design intent. Differentiate
between peak loads for system design and selection and
lower operating loads that determine actual energy use.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
Effective control of solar radiation is critical to energy-
efficient design because of the high level of internal heat
production already present in most commercial buildings.
In some climates, lighting energy consumption savings from
daylighting techniques can be greater than the heating and
cooling energy penalties that result from additional glazed
surface area required, if the building envelope is properly
designed for daylighting and lighting controls are installed
and used. (In other climates, there may not be net savings.)
Daylighting designs are most effective if direct solar beam
radiation is not allowed to cause glare in building spaces.
• Design transparent parts of the building envelope to
prevent solar radiant gain above that necessary for effective
daylighting and solar heating. On south-facing facades (in
the northern hemisphere), using low shading coefficients
is generally not as effective as external physical shading
devices in achieving this balance. Consider low-emissivity,
high-visible-transmittance glazings for effective control of
radiant heat gains and losses. For shading control, judicious
use of vegetation may block excess gain year-round or
seasonally, depending on the plant species chosen.
2.1.9.6 LIGHTING
Lighting is both a major energy end use in commercial buildings
(especially office buildings) and a major contributor to internal
loads by increasing cooling loads and decreasing heating loads.
Design should meet both the lighting functional criteria of the
space and minimize energy use. IESNA (2000) recommends
illuminance levels for visual tasks and surrounding lighted
areas. Principles of energy-conserving design within that context
include the following:
• Energy use is determined by the lighting load (demand power)
and its duration of use (time). Minimize actual demand load
rather than just apparent connected load. Control the load
rather than just area switching, if switching may adversely
affect the quality of the luminous environment.
• Consider daylighting with proper controls to reduce costs of
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PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS
electric lighting. Design should be sensitive to window glare,
sudden changes in luminances, and general user acceptance
of daylighting controls. Carefully select window treatment
(blinds, drapes, and shades) and glazing to control direct
solar penetration and luminance extremes while maintaining
the view and daylight penetration.
• Design the lighting system so that illumination required
for tasks is primarily limited to the location of the task and
comes from a direction that minimizes direct glare and
veiling reflections on the task. When the design is based on
nonuniform illuminance, walls should be a light to medium color
or illuminated to provide visual comfort. In densely occupied
work spaces, uniform distribution of general lighting may be
most appropriate. Where necessary, provide supplementary
task illumination. General ambient illumination should not be
lower than a third of the luminance required for the task, to
help maintain visually comfortable luminance ratios.
• Use local task lighting to accommodate needs for higher lighting
levels because of task visual difficulty, glare, intermittently
changing requirements, or individual visual differences (poor
or aging eyesight).
• Group similar activities so that high illuminance or special
lighting for particular tasks can be localized in certain rooms
or areas, and so that less-efficient fixtures required for critical
glare control do not have to be installed uniformly when they
are only required sparsely.
• Use lighting controls throughout so lighting is available when
and where it is needed, but not wasted when tasks are less
critical or spaces are not fully occupied. Also consider user
acceptance of control strategies to maximize energy saving.
• Limit use of lower-efficiency lamps (e.g., incandescent)
to applications where their color, lumens, or distribution
characteristics cannot be duplicated by other sources. Limit
use of extended service incandescent lamps to applications
where fixtures are difficult to reach and/or maintenance costs
for replacing lamps would be excessive.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
• Carry lighting design through the rest of the building’s interior
design. Reduced light absorption may be achieved by using
lighter finishes, particularly on ceilings, walls, and partitions.
• Common areas which are regularly occupied such as corridors
and lobbies, should reduce lighting levels to no more than
twenty five percent (25%) of normal when unoccupied.
• In offices & education facilities all lighting zones must be
fitted with occupant sensor control capable of switching the
electrical lights on & off according to occupancy unless is
required for safety purposes
• In offices, if the average designs lighting power density is less
than six (6) watts per square meter of floor area (GFA) the
control requirements of parts B &C of this regulation need not
apply.
• It is recommended ( optional that, the artificial lighting in
spaces within six ( 6) meters in depth from exterior windows
must be fitted with lighting control incorporating photocells
sensors capable of adjusting the level of electric lighting
to supplement natural daylight only when required. The
combined artificial and daylight must provide an illumination
level at the working plan between four hundred (400) and Five
Hundred (500) lux. When there is hundred percent (100 %)
daylight, the lux levels may exceed five hundred (500) lux.
2.1.9.7 OTHER LOADS
• Minimize thermal impact of equipment and appliances on
HVAC systems by using hoods, radiation shields, or other
confining techniques, and by using controls to turn off
equipment when not needed. Where practical, locate major
heat-generating equipment where it can balance other heat
losses. Computer centers or kitchen areas usually have
separate, dedicated HVAC equipment. In addition, consider
heat recovery for this equipment.
• Use storage techniques to level or distribute loads that vary
on a time or spatial basis to allow operation of a device at
maximum (often full-load) efficiency.
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PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS
2.1.10 HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN; ZONING
• Consider separate HVAC systems to serve areas expected to operate
on widely differing operating schedules or design conditions. For
instance, systems serving office areas should generally be separate
from those serving retail areas.
• Arrange systems so that spaces with relatively constant, weather
independent loads are served by systems separate from those
serving perimeter spaces. Areas with special temperature or
humidity requirements (e.g., computer rooms) should be served
by systems separate from those serving areas that require comfort
heating and cooling only. Alternatively, provide these areas with
supplementary or auxiliary systems.
• Sequence the supply of zone cooling and heating to prevent
simultaneous operation of heating and cooling systems for the same
space, to the extent possible. Where this is not possible because of
ventilation, humidity control, or air circulation requirements, reduce
air quantities as much as possible before incorporating reheating,
re-cooling, or mixing hot and cold airstreams. For example, if reheat
is needed to dehumidify and prevent overcooling, only ventilation
air needs to be treated, not the entire recirculated air quantity.
Finally, reset supply air temperature up to the extent possible to
reduce reheating, re-cooling, or mixing losses.
• Provide controls to allow operation in occupied and unoccupied
modes. In the occupied mode, controls may provide for a gradually
changing control point as system demands change from cooling to
heating. In the unoccupied mode, ventilation and exhaust systems
should be shut off if possible, and comfort heating and cooling
systems should be shut off except to maintain space conditions
ready for the next occupancy cycle.
• In geographical areas where diurnal temperature swings and
humidity levels permit, consider judicious coupling of air
distribution and building structural mass to allow nighttime cooling
to reduce the requirement for daytime mechanical cooling.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
• High ventilation rates, where required for special applications, can
impose enormous heating and cooling loads on HVAC equipment.
In these cases, consider recirculating filtered and cleaned air to
the extent possible, rather than 100% outside air. Also, consider
preheating outside air with reclaimed heat from other sources.
2.1.11 HVAC EQUIPMENT SELECTION; TECHNIQUES AND EFFICIENCY
2.1.11.1 BREIF
• Consider separate HVAC systems to serve areas expected
• To allow HVAC equipment operation at the highest efficiencies, match
conversion devices to load increments, and sequence the operation of
modules. Oversized or large-scale systems should never serve small
seasonal loads (e.g., a large heating boiler serving a summer-service
water-heated load). Include specific low-load units and auxiliaries
where prolonged use at minimal capacities is expected. Select the
most efficient (or highest-COP) equipment practical at both design
and reduced capacity (part-load) operating conditions.
• When selecting large-power devices such as chillers (including
their auxiliary energy burdens), economic analysis of the complete
life-cycle costs should be used. See Chapter 36 of the ASHRAE
Handbook—HVAC Applications for more information on detailed
economic analysis.
• Keep fluid temperatures for heating equipment devices as low as
practical and for cooling equipment as high as practical, while still
meeting loads and minimizing flow quantities.
• HVAC equipment shall be examined through three actual based site
conditions.
2.1.11.2 HVAC EQUIPMENT SELECTION; EFFICIENCY TECHNIQUES:
Energy should be transported as efficiently as possible. The
following options are listed in order of efficiency, from the lowest
energy transport burden (most efficient) to the highest (least
efficient):
1. Electric wire or fuel pipe
2. Two-phase fluid pipe (steam or refrigerant)
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PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS
3. Single-phase liquid/fluid pipe (water, glycol, etc.)
4. Air duct Select a distribution system that complements other
parameters such as control strategies, storage capabilities,
conversion efficiency, and utilization efficiency.
The following specific design techniques may be applied to
thermal energy transport systems:
Steam Systems.
• Include provisions for seasonal or non-use shutdown.
• Minimize venting of steam and ingestion of air, with design
directed toward full-vapor performance.
• Avoid subcooling, if practical.
• Return condensate to boilers or source devices at the highest
possible temperature.
Hydronic Systems
• Minimize flow quantity by designing for the maximum
practical temperature range.
• Vary flow quantity with load where possible.
• Design for the lowest practical pressure rise (or drop).
• Provide operating and idle control modes.
• When locating equipment, identify the critical pressure path
and size runs for the minimum reasonable pressure drop.
Air Systems
• Minimize airflow by careful load analysis and an effective
distribution system. If the application allows, supply air
quantity should vary with sensible load (i.e., VAV systems).
Hold the fan pressure requirement to the lowest practical
value and avoid using fan pressure as a source for control
power.
• Provide normal and idle control modes for fan and
psychrometric systems.
• Keep duct runs as short as possible, and keep runs on the
critical pressure path sized for minimum practical pressure
drop.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
Power Distribution.
• Size transformers and generating units as closely as possible
to the actual anticipated load (i.e., avoid oversizing to
minimize fixed thermal losses).
• Consider distribution of electric power at the highest practical
voltage and load selection at the maximum power factor
consistent with safety.
• Consider tenant submetering in commercial and multifamily
buildings as a cost-effective energy conservation measure. (A
large portion of energy use in tenant facilities occurs simply
because there is no economic incentive to conserve.)
Domestic Hot-Water Systems.
• Choose shower heads that provide and maintain user comfort
and energy savings. They should not have removable flow-
restricting inserts to meet flow limitation requirements.
• Consider point-of-use water heaters where their use will
reduce energy consumption and annual energy cost
• Consider using storage to facilitate heat recovery when the
heat to be recovered is out of phase with the demand for hot
water or when energy use for water heating can be shifted to
take advantage of off-peak rates.
2.1.12 AUTOMATIC CONTROL AND BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Basic HVAC system controls are available in electric, pneumatic,
or electronic versions. Depending on the application, the design
engineer may recommend a simple and basic system strategy as a
cost-effective solution to an owner’s heating, ventilation, and cooling
needs. Chapter 46 of the ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications and
Chapter 15 of the 2005 ASHRAE Handbook— Fundamentals discuss
automatic control in more detail. HVAC system for the project, security should not be overlooked, no matter
The next level of HVAC system management is direct digital control
(DDC), with either pneumatic or electric control damper or valve
actuators. This automatic control enhancement may include energy
monitoring and energy management software. Controls may also
be accessible by the building manager using a modem to a remote
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PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS
computer at an off-site location. Building size has little to no effect
on modern computerized controls: programmable controls can be
furnished on the smallest HVAC equipment for the smallest projects.
Chapter 41 of the ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications covers
building operating dynamics.
Automatic controls can be pre-packaged and prewired on the HVAC
equipment. In system analysis and selection, the design engineer
needs to include the merits of purchasing pre-packaged versus
traditional building automation systems. Current HVAC controls and
their capabilities need to be compatible with other new and existing
automatic controls. Chapter 39 of the ASHRAE Handbook— HVAC
Applications discusses computer applications, and ASHRAE Standard
135 discusses interfacing building automation systems. Using
computers and proper software, the design engineer and building
manager can provide complete facility management. A comprehensive
building management system may include HVAC system control, energy
management, operation and maintenance management, medical gas
system monitoring, fire alarm system, security system, lighting control,
and other reporting and trending software. This system may also be
integrated and accessible from the owner’s computer network and the
Internet. The building management system is an important factor in
choosing the optimum HVAC system. It can be as simple as a time clock
to start and stop equipment, or as sophisticated as a computerized
building automation system serving a decentralized HVAC system,
multiple building systems, central plant system, and/or a large campus.
With a focus on energy management, the building management system
can be an important business tool in achieving sustainable facility
management that begins with using the system selection matrix. Security
should be an integral part of system design and building management.
Hazardous materials and contaminated air can be introduced into the
building through ventilation systems. When recommending the optimum
what the application. Planning in the design phase the early compilation
of record documents (e.g., computer-aided drawing and electronic word
files, checklists, digital photos taken during construction) is also integral
to successful building management and maintenance.
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2.1.13 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING
Commissioning implements a quality-oriented process for achieving,
verifying, and documenting that the performance of facilities,
systems, and assemblies meets defined objectives and criteria. The
defined objectives and criteria are often referred to as the owner’s
project requirements (OPR), which involve achieving, verifying, and
documenting the performance of each assembly or system to meet
the building’s operational needs. The commissioning process uses the
owner’s project requirements as the reference to determine acceptance
of the design. Commissioning includes verifying and documenting that
the project operational and maintenance documentation and training
of operation and maintenance personnel occur. The result should be
fully functional systems that can be properly operated and maintained
throughout the life of the building.
2.1.13.1 Benefits:
The primary benefits of commissioning include improvementsin
all of the following areas:
1. Predesign and design
• Owners develop better understanding of what they want
and need through clear, documented OPR
• Designers understand better what the owner is requesting
• Designers reduce their risk with better communication
and input from the owner
• Owners understand better what designers are proposing
through a clear, documented basis of design
• Experts review and improve commissioning documents
2. Construction (including system and assembly performance)
• Improved specifications and drawings, resulting in
improved coordination between all groups
• Specifying systems that can be properly commissioned
and tested, and are within the owner’s ability to maintain
• Tools to help contractors perform better installations
(e.g., construction checklists)
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PART 2 HVAC SYSTEMS
• Performance accountability through construction
observation, issue management, and testing
• Documented verification of system and assembly
performance thorough training requirements in
construction documents
• Verifying training completion
• Formal acceptance testing at completion
3. Occupancy and operations (including maintenance)
• Thorough documentation in construction documents
• Verifying documentation submittals Commissioning also
reduces potential change orders, contractor callbacks,
and time required to fine-tune and debug systems during
occupancy, and smooths turnover. Building performance
improvements give better building and system control,
enhance indoor environmental quality, and contribute to
increased occupant productivity.
2.1.13.2 Submittals:
Contractor should submit testing and commissioning report for all
MEP systems done by Specialist Company in the same field and
to be accepted and done in the presence of the MEP consultant.
2.1.14 HVAC NOC DESIGN APPROVAL SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS
HVAC or CHVAC system approval shall be submitted by specialist MEP
consultant approved and certified from AHJ (TRAKHEES).
2.1.14.1 General
The submittal shall include but not limited to the followings:
1) U-values calculations (DM sheet)
2) HVAC Design brief report
3) Doors and windows schedule (DM sheet)
4) HVAC summary load (DM sheet)
5) HVAC floor layouts
6) Fresh air calculation and central ventilation calculations
65
 2

2.2 SECTION
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS PLUMBING SYSTEMS

2.2 SECTION

7) HVAC schedule of equipments 2.2.1 CODES AND STANDARDS

8) Air Riser Diagram The plumbing systems shall be designed in accordance with the
requirements of the following codes:
9) Water Riser Diagram
1) DM Local Regulations
10) Pressurization and smoke evacuation layouts and riser
diagrams 2) UPC Uniform Plumbing Code.
11) Ventilation layouts. 3) IPC International Plumbing Code.
12) Schedule of equipments 4) NPC National Plumbing Code.
13) MEP specifications. 5) ASPE Code
14)
MEP Consultant Undertaking Letter for the design 6) NFPA Codes
responsibility.
2.2.2 DRAINAGE SYSTEM
2.1.14.2 Calculations
The following calculations shall be submitted but not limited to
the following:
1) Heat load calculations
2) Garage ventilation calculations
3) Smoke calculations and smoke strategy
4) Stairwell pressurization calculations
5) Elevators pressurization calculations

2.1.14.3 Villas
Compliance with relevant DM circular shall be provided for review
and approval
Figure 5: Central Drainage & Sewage System

2.2.2.1 OVERVIEW
This section addresses drainage systems within and to five feet
beyond building perimeter to be done, designed and calculated
as per the above mentioned Codes and Standards.

2.2.2.2 GENERAL
1. Consultant shall apply for drainage NOC for design purpose
on RTA website and submit it to AJH.

66 67
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS PART 2 PLUMBING SYSTEMS

6. Coordinate location of all plumbing fixtures with structural

members, windows, lower-floor ceilings or other building
components that may interfere with the installation of code
compliant piping. This task shall be accomplished during the
schematic design phase of the Project.

1/2" cold riser

7. Coordinate location of plumbing fixtures on upper levels with
3/4" cold =
kitchen plus
1/2" hot riser spaces below to avoid areas where water leakage would cause
full bath
3 / 4 " hot = kitchen
plus full bath
major property loss or contamination, including but not limited
to substation, LV room Generator room, and Telecommunication
room etc.
8. Do not locate plumbing fixtures above electrical or
Water
Water heater
meter telecommunications rooms.
Water 1/2 " line to
softener hose bibb,
not shared 9. Fixtures shall be mounted at heights recommended by the
with any
Main shutoff
1" municipal
fixtures manufacturer, as required by accessibility standards.
water service
10. Coordinate sink/lavatory types and sizes with other toilet
accessories and casework details to insure proper installation of
Figure 6: District Drainage System fixtures.
11. When developing floor plans, the AE shall coordinate location of
plumbing fixtures with lower floor levels to avoid the need to route
2. FIC location, depth, conditions and restrictions from RTA to be drainage, waste or sanitary vent piping within the ceilings of or
applied. exposed above sensitive equipment or areas where water leakage
could cause.
3. Final selection of plumbing fixtures and trim shall be
determined by close coordination with AE and the Owner’s 12. All plumbing fixtures and trim shall be scheduled on the Contract
Project Manager to determine functionality requirements for Drawings indicating sufficient additional information to allow
selection of appropriate fixture and trim types. Requirements cross referencing to other acceptable manufacturer’s products.
may vary from facility to facility and even from department to Fixtures scheduled on Drawings shall not conflict with specification
department. requirements.

4. AE shall modify Master Construction Specifications as 13. Include a fixture rough in schedule on the Contract Drawings
required to ensure conformity between Drawing schedules identifying minimum service pipe sizes required by code and as
and Specifications. recommended by the manufacturer for all fixtures and trim to be
installed within the Project.
5. Quantities of plumbing fixtures shall be determined by
compliance with the International Building Code requirements 14. Include schedules and/or detail elevations on Contract Drawings
for minimum number of facilities. Consult with Owner to identifying required mounting heights for all fixtures and trim to be
determine additional fixtures . installed within the Project.

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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
15. Sanitary waste and vent systems shall be provided for all
plumbing fixtures, floor drains, food service fixtures and
equipment, and all other domestic waste producing equipment,
systems and devices that are required by code to discharge
into the sanitary sewer.
16. Waste and vent systems shall be designed using fixture drain
loads established by code and provide proper operation during
periods of peak demand.
17. Main waste and vent stacks shall utilize chases or be located
adjacent to columns where possible for vertical routing to
multiple floor levels.
18. Capped waste and vent connections for future extensions shall
be located accessibly and not extend more than 24 inches from
an active line. Waste and vent connections shall be located at
elevations that will allow future installation of properly sloped
piping without the need to dismantle or relocate installed
ductwork, piping, conduit, light fixtures, etc.
19. The building system is anticipated to flow by gravity to the
exterior municipal sanitary sewer. Sanitary waste serving
fixtures located below the ground level or waste that cannot be
discharged by gravity shall flow into a gas-tight, covered and
vented sump from which the waste shall be lifted by automatic
pumping equipment and discharged into a sanitary waste
drain capable of gravity flow. Sewage ejector pumps shall be
minimum duplex system sized to discharge peak calculated
load with one pump out of service. Pumps shall be connected
to emergency power source. Sumps and ejectors handling
sewage shall not receive storm or subsoil/foundation drainage.
20.
Above ground floor drains, P-traps and first 20 feet of
connected drainage piping receiving condensate shall be
properly insulated to prevent condensation.
21. Provide cleanouts at locations and with clearances as required
by the code, at the base of each waste stack and at intervals
not exceeding 75 feet in horizontal runs. All interior cleanouts
shall be accessible from walls or floors. Provide wall cleanouts
in lieu of floor cleanouts wherever possible. A floor cleanout
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PART 2 PLUMBING SYSTEMS
shall be installed only where installation of a wall cleanout is
not practical. Provide a wall cleanout for each water closet or
battery of water closets. Locate wall cleanouts above the flood
level rim of the highest water closet but no more than twenty
four inches above the finished floor. Coordinate the location of
all cleanouts with the architectural features of the building and
obtain approval of locations from the Project Architect.
22. No buried waste line shall be smaller than 2 inches. No vent line
shall be smaller than 1-1/2 inches. No roof vent terminal shall
be smaller than 3 inches. Waste piping serving water closets
shall not be smaller than 4 inches.
23. Locate all sanitary vent terminals a minimum of 25 feet
horizontally from or 3 feet vertically above all air intakes,
operable windows, doors and any other building openings.
24. Provide floor drains in all toilet rooms designed to be occupied
by more than one user at a time (i.e., containing two or more
water closets or a combination of one water closet and one
urinal).
25. All drain traps shall be properly vented in accordance with the
Uniform Plumbing Code.
26. Provide automatic trap primers for all floor, floor sinks and hub
drains that may be susceptible to trap seal evaporation. Trap
seal guard inserts may be provided in lieu of automatic trap
primers on condition that the inserts are applied in accordance
with the manufacturer’s published product data.
27. Provide submersible sump pump(s) in each elevator pit in
accordance with the edition of ASME A17.1. Pump effluent
shall discharge indirectly into the sanitary waste system. The
elevator pit pumping system shall be designed to prevent
pump effluent, sewage, odors and gases from entering building
spaces and the elevator pit. Provide a sanitary indirect waste
receptor having a capacity greater than the maximum flow
rate discharge of the pump(s). Pump electrical service shall be
connected to emergency power source.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
28. Design and size indirect waste receptors and associated
piping receiving discharge from equipment and relief valves
to evacuate the maximum possible flow.
29. Develop plans, schedules, isometric or flat riser diagrams and
details indicating all information required to clearly illustrate
the intent of system design. All piping shall be located and
sized on the Contract Drawings.
30. Floor plans and riser diagrams shall include, but not be limited
to identification of all sanitary waste piping from fixtures to
connection to exterior sewer, all vent piping from fixtures and
stacks to termination through roof, cleanouts, fixture and
equipment identification, traps and trap primer lines.
31. Invert elevations shall be noted at all Manholes exiting
the building perimeter, connections to exterior sewers,
uppermost point of each main and branch line located below
ground level, and all other points where required to clearly
establish proper slope and coordination with other piping
systems and building components.
32. Graphically identify each stack on plans and riser diagrams.
Stack identification on riser diagrams shall correspond to
stack identification on plans. Graphically indicate floor levels
and floor elevations on riser diagrams.
33. Details shall be provided for, interceptors, cleanouts, roof
penetrations, floor and wall penetrations, sewage ejector
pump systems and all other components that require
installation explanation beyond the information included
within plans and riser diagrams.
34. Schedules shall clearly identify: Capacity, size, model, options
and other requirements for all interceptors and sewage
ejector pump equipment.
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PART 2 PLUMBING SYSTEMS
2.2.3 DOMESTIC WATER SYSTEM
2.2.3.1 OVERVIEW
This section addresses domestic cold and hot water distribution systems
within and to five feet beyond building perimeter. And for any existing services
to be done as per DEWA regulations complying with the following notes:
2.2.3.2 GENERAL
a) Consultant shall apply for Water NOC for design purpose on
DEWA website and submit it to AJH.
b) Domestic daily water required to be calculated as per DEWA
requirements and regulations and to be submitted to AHJ.
c) Water meters room to consider as per DEWA regulations.
d) Domestic water shall be provided for all plumbing fixtures,
equipment, and all other systems, equipment, and devices that
require domestic water supply.
e) Building domestic water distribution systems shall be metered
and isolated from the municipal water supply in accordance with
the municipality’s requirements.
f) The design of building supply and distribution systems shall
provide a volume of water at the required flows, pressures
and temperatures to ensure safe, efficient and code compliant
operation during periods of peak demand. Piping shall be sized
at a velocity not exceeding six feet per second (fps) for cold and
hot water and four fps for hot water return.
g) Main distribution piping risers shall utilize chases within the
building footprint for vertical routing to multiple floor levels
where possible. Accessible shut-off valves shall be provided at
the base of each riser and at each branch connection to risers.
h) Do not locate water piping within stairways, electrical or
telecommunications rooms.
i) Interior cold water piping shall be insulated to prevent
condensation. Interior hot water piping shall be insulated as
required by code and per latest ASHRAE Standard A90.1 Table
7.2.3.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
j) Provide water softener systems to reduce hardness as
required to supply food service equipment, water heating
equipment, pure water production equipment, and other
systems, fixtures and equipment which hard water may
adversely affect operation or longevity..
k) Provide a hose bib with backflow preventer and a minimum
of one floor drain in each mechanical room and roof for
maintenance
l) Provide manufactured water hammer arrestors in water
supply lines in accordance with Standard PDI-WH201.
m) Provide accessible check valves in the individual cold and hot
water fixture supply lines serving mixing valve type faucets
or assemblies having hose connection outlets that are not
equipped with integral check stops.
n) Provide line shut-off valves at locations required for proper
operation, servicing and troubleshooting of the domestic
water distribution system and connected components.
Locations shall include but not be limited to the following;
at each fixture and piece of equipment, at each branch take-
off from mains, at the base of each riser, at each battery of
fixtures, where recommended by equipment manufacturers
and at strategic locations to allow sectional isolation while
limiting disruption of services to large portions of the system.
o) Accessible capped valves shall be provided where required
for future connections.
p) All valves shall be accessible for operation and servicing. Provide
access panels for all concealed valves. Coordinate the location of
access panels with the architectural features of the building and
obtain approval of locations from the Project Architect.
q) Trap Priming devices that rely upon line pressure differential for
activation are not allowed. Each electronic trap primer device
shall be provided with a readily serviceable strainer immediately
upstream of the device solenoid valve.
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PART 2 PLUMBING SYSTEMS
2.2.3.3 SYSTEM PRESSURES
a) System may consist of underground water tank with transfer
pump set to lift the water to roof tank with boosting pump
system to serve first four floors and the other floors to be
served by gravity.
b) Water tanks capacity shall be calculated as per DEWA
requirements and regulations.
c) Lower building levels may utilize municipal water system to
a height allowed by verified available minimum pressure but
shall not serve areas exceeding thirty feet above street grade
elevation.
d) Static pressure shall be limited to 55 psig (preferred), 80
psig (maximum), on each floor level by accessible pressure
regulating valves. Pressure regulating valves shall not be
required for municipal pressurized system unless necessary
for proper operation of individual equipment.
e) Pressure reducing valves shall be duplexed full-size where
located within domestic water lines serving in-patient areas,
critical research areas, and/or any area or equipment where
un-interruptible (24 hour) water service is required.
f) Provide isolation valve, strainer and pressure gauge
immediately upstream of each pressure regulating valve.
Provide pressure gauge and isolation valve immediately
downstream of each pressure regulating valve.
g) Design of pressure regulating assemblies shall incorporate
prevention of over pressurization of downstream piping in the
event of valve malfunction. Utilize pressure relief valves only
where maximum flow discharge can be evacuated without
causing water damage. Automatic solenoid shut-off valves
may be provided in lieu of relief valves where approved by
Owner.
h) Automatic shut-off valves shall be connected to the building
automation system to annunciate activation.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS PART 2 PLUMBING SYSTEMS

2.2.3.4 PRESSURE BOOSTING SYSTEMS

a) Where municipal system pressure is inadequate, a packaged
domestic water booster pump system shall elevate the
incoming water pressure as required to serve fixtures and
equipment. Selection of pumping system type shall be based
upon flow and pressure demand, efficiency of operation, life
expectancy and maintenance requirements of the equipment.
b) Specify variable frequency drives for booster pump systems
requiring five horsepower and greater motors and when
considered applicable by the AE and approved by Owner.
c) Specify constant speed pressure regulated type booster
systems when required pump motors are less than five
horsepower and when considered applicable by the AE and Figure 7: Domestic Water System
approved by Owner.
c) Hot water heating equipment serving areas may be generated
d) Booster pump systems shall be designed to deliver calculated by centralized heaters or point-of-use heaters as determined
peak flow at required pressure with one pump out of service. by economics, space requirements and good engineering
e) Connect booster pump system to emergency power source. practices. All hot water shall be 110 degrees F maximum at
outlets.
2.2.3.5 DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS
d) Where centralized heaters are provided, utilize semi-
a) Domestic hot water systems shall be designed to reasonably instantaneous type with steam to hot water or hot water to hot
assure an expeditious flow of hot water at all outlets within. water double wall heat exchangers. Natural gas fired heaters
Provide pumped circulating systems where required. Electric may be provided where natural gas service is readily available
heat maintenance cable may be utilized only when considered and when considered applicable by the AE and approved by
applicable by the AE and approved by Owner. Owner.
b) In case of central heating system, size of hot water return e) Water heating equipment shall meet latest ASHRAE standard
lines by the heat loss method as outlined in the ASHRAE A90.1 Table 7.2.2.
Guide and Data Book, not to exceed 10 degrees F heat loss.
f) Provide NSF and ASME compliant pre-pressurized steel thermal
Developed length of branch piping from fixture outlet to
expansion tank with membrane on the cold water supply line of
circulated mains shall not exceed 20 feet. C. Water heaters
all water heating equipment where cold water service contains
installed and utilized for food service areas shall comply with
check valves, pressure reducing valves or backflow preventers.
National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Standard Number 5 and
Thermal expansion tanks shall be sized in accordance with
be separate from water heating equipment and piping serving
manufacturer’s published recommendations.
other areas of the building. Hot water serving food service
commercial dishwasher and pot sink shall be 140 degrees F.
All other hot water shall be 110 degrees F maximum at outlets.

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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
2.2.3.6 CONTAMINATION PREVENTION e. Vacuum breakers for hose connections in health care or
a. Design of domestic water systems shall avoid all cross
connections and eliminate the possibility of water
contamination. On each water supply line serving a plumbing
fixture, item of equipment, or other device which has a water
supply discharge outlet below the overflow rim, or where
cross contamination may occur, provide an approved vacuum
breaker or backflow preventer. Location of vacuum breakers
shall prevent any possible backflow through them.
b. Backflow preventers shall be duplex where located within
lines serving in-patient areas, critical research areas, and/or
Figure 8: External Drainage System
any area or equipment where un-interruptible (24 hour) water
service is required.
c. Backflow preventer test ports shall not be located more than
72 inches above finished floor or permanent platform.
d. Pipe relief from backflow preventer indirectly to drain of
sufficient size to evacuate maximum flow discharge.
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PART 2 PLUMBING SYSTEMS
laboratory areas shall not be less than 72 inches above the
floor with the following exceptions:
i. Vacuum breakers integral with faucets or equipment;
ii. Vacuum breakers for bedpan washer hoses shall not be
located less than 60 inches above the floor.
f. Do not install vacuum breakers above ceilings, above
equipment, concealed within walls or any location where
water leakage can cause damage.
g. Vacuum breakers (including vacuum breakers that are integral
with faucets) shall not be installed under exhaust hoods or
similar locations that may contain toxic fumes or vapors.
h. Air chambers, dead-legs, or any other piping arrangement
that may allow water to stagnate shall not be allowed within
domestic water systems.
i. Valves provided for future connections shall not extend more
than 24 inches from an active main.
j. Where permanently disconnecting domestic water supplies
serving fixtures or equipment, remove all associated piping
back to active main to avoid stagnation.
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2.3 SECTION 3 MEP SYSTEMS
2.3 SECTION
2.3.1 INTRODUCTION 2.3.2 MODE OF POWER SUPPLY
Power requirements for all developments are provided by Dubai
Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) and their rules and regulations
have to be complied with in all aspects.
The developer shall confirm maximum installed power capacity in kW,
required for his operations on the property he intends to lease from
JAFZA or other Dubai World Business Units. The above requirements
of electric power shall be duly filled in at the appropriate space on the
lease application form.
CED also requires an NOC (No Objection Certificate) from DEWA’s
Electricity Department before issuing a Building Permit. Similarly DEWA
requires an NOC from CED before supplying power, permanently or
temporarily during the construction process.
Generally all Electrical Installations shall comply with particular
requirements of CED regulations and latest General Guidelines of
local Authority (DEWA). In case of any discrepancy, the same shall be
referred to CED. Following are some of these General Guidelines current
at the time of publication and the developer or his agents are advised
to check any updates to these upon application.
Materials, design and workmanship for all electrical installations shall
be in strict accordance with the current IEE Wiring Regulations and to
acceptable international standards similar to the BS.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
DEWA shall be responsible for providing power connection up to the
consumer metering point located at the plot fence line or within the plot
with full access to DEWA for 24 Hours. Pocket substation (if required)
shall be located within the leased property with full access to DEWA
maintenance personnel.
132kV/11kV distribution network shall be provided by DEWA up to
leased plot and downstream distribution shall be the responsibility of
the Developer. Electricity supply will be provided either at 11kV, 50 Hz
or 400 Volts, 50Hz at the discretion of DEWA.
As per DEWA’s Regulations, a single source of power connection shall
be provided to each plot unless otherwise special arrangements have
been made with DEWA.
Total connected loads equal to or greater than 1000 kVA are generally
provided only through dedicated substations.
2.3.3 PERMANENT POWER CONNECTION
Developer shall liaise directly with DEWA for obtaining permanent
power connections by completing all DEWA formalities as stipulated
in DEWA Regulations. All related permanent power connection charges
due to the Service Authorities shall be borne by the developer /lessee.
Any 11kV switchgear used shall comply with the latest edition of
relevant IEC Standards or equivalent. Generally, switchgear which
is metal clad and utilizes withdrawable circuit breaker trucks having
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

an integral earthling facility with essential foolproof interlocks shall
conform to the requirements of DEWA. The technical specifications
of 11kV switchgear and transformers supplied and installed by the
developer shall be submitted to DEWA for approval prior to installation.
Relay setting calculation shall be submitted for DEWA approval prior to
release of permanent power connection.
The terms and conditions for supply of electricity to the developer’s
premises shall be as stipulated on DEWA’s composite application form.
2.3.4 TEMPORARY POWER REQUIREMENT
Any temporary power supply for site services during construction shall
be the responsibility of the developer.
NOC to DEWA shall be obtained from CED Services. A request which
indicates the Plot Number, Client Name / Project Name, Consultant
Name, Contractor Name and the power requirement in kW shall be sent
via Email to CED Services.
2.3.5 ADDITIONAL POWER REQUIREMENT
Any additional power requirement for existing facilities, the Developer/
lessee shall directly approach DEWA after obtaining CED NOC. A
request for this NOC indicating the Plot number, Client name / Project
name, Consultant name, Contractor name, additional power in kW shall
be sent via Email to CED Services.
2.3.5.1 STANDBY POWER SUPPLY
If Standby Generators are used, they shall be connected to the
electrical distribution system only through an approved electrical
and mechanical interlocking device, to prevent paralleling of
generator supply to incoming mains.
EHS approval shall be obtained prior to the installation of
Generator at site. (Refer to EHS Regulations)
2.3.5.3 LIGHTNING PROTECTION
Suitable lightning protection system shall be designed and
installed as per the latest edition of relevant BS-EN Standards.
2.3.5.4 VECTOR GROUP
The Vector Group of any power distribution transformers used
shall conform to the requirements of the DEWA power system.
2.3.5.5 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION AND UNDER VOLTAGE
PROTECTION
The internal electrical distribution system at the developer’s
premises shall comply with DEWA’s General Guidelines for Power
Factor Correction and Under Voltage Protection.
Harmonic suppression equipment shall be installed at the load
side if the types of load generate more harmonics than that is
allowed as per the standard.
2.3.5.6 LIGHTING
Artificial lighting to habitable rooms shall be to Standards stipulated
in IEE Wiring Regulations. Lighting installations at warehouses/
industrial areas/offices and other common purpose areas shall
comply with the requirements of relevant British Standards
or equivalent Standards approved by DEWA. All external area
lighting shall be controlled via timer & photocell controlled circuit
with over riding facility unless otherwise specified separately.

2.3.5.2 EARTHING
Suitable earthling systems shall be designed and installed as per
latest edition of relevant BS- EN Standards.
Neutral earthling arrangements shall be compatible with the existing
earthling system of the DEWA electrical distribution network

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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
2.3.6 EMERGENCY: GENERAL e) Main contacts: high quality silver alloy, protected by an
These technical guidelines shall be considered for all Electrical
Installations pertaining to buildings, prefabricated buildings,
temporary constructions, modular buildings for assembly at site and
buildings of the port cabin type. They are to be read in conjunction with
the relevant British Standards & IEC Standards, DEWA Regulations,
EHS Regulations and other CED Regulations.
A. Emergency Generator sets
1. Classification and Ratings:
a) The generator set shall be standby-rated for continuous
duty during the interruption of normal power, 230/400V
alternating current service, three phase at 0.8 power factor
lagging and 50Hz at a speed of 1500RPM.
b) The set shall have an output as indicated.
c) The generator set rating is based on SAE J1349 standard
conditions. These ratings also apply at ISO3046/1, DIN6271
and BS5514 standard conditions.
d) The machine must be capable of operation at ambient
temperature of 55 Deg.C.
e) Efficiency: Not less than 90% at full load.
B. Automatic Load Transfer Switch:
1. Generally
The switch shall be a separate unit, mounted in a cubicle.
2. Switch:
a) Electrically operated, mechanically held, 240/415 V, 4 pole,
4 wire 50Hz.
b) To have a time delay of 6 seconds starting impulse for the
engine.
c) To have forcing terminals with disconnect blocks.
d) Rating shall be shown on the Drawings.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
arching contact, capable of handling both non-inductive
loads and allowing for in-rush current of 2.25 times
continuous rating.
f) Main contacts shall meet with a rolling wiping action.
g) Provision for interface with Building Automation System BAS
2.3.7 MAIN DISTRIBUTION BOARDS (MDBS), SUB DISTRIBUTION BOARDS,
(SMDBS) AND DISTRIBUTION BOARDS (DBS)
2.3.7.1 GENERAL
1. Provide complete distribution equipment which shall
comprise main low tension switch boards, moulded case
circuit breakers (MCCBs), isolators, switch fuses, lighting
contactors etc.
2. The supply and distribution arrangement shall be as indicated
on schematic diagrams in the Drawings and as per DEWA
regulations.
3. Evidence of country of origin should be produced on request.
4. Complete range of switchboards mainly LV PANELS, MDBs,
SMDBs and Motor Control Centres (MCCs) shall totally typed
tested assemblies as per IEC60 439 standards. Comparison
study of proposed switchboards with the type tested
assemblies for all seven type tests specified in IEC60 439 shall
be submitted for approval.
The prototype assemblies shall conform to the following 7 type
test defined in IEC 439-1:-
a) Verification of temperature rise.
b) Verification of dielectric properties.
c) Verification of short circuit with stand strength.
d) Verification of the effectiveness of protective circuit.
e) Verification of clearances and creep age distances.
f) Verification of mechanical operation.
g) Verification of degree of protection.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
2.3.7.2 Main DISTRIBUTION BOARDS (MDBs) 11. The switchboards shall have top or bottom cable entry as
2.3.7.2.1 General
1. The main low tension switch boards shall be of indoor
construction, dead front, metal enclosed multi-cellular cubicle
type, free standing, dust and vermin protected, front operated and
of clean and modern appearances.
2. The switchboards shall be assembled and co-ordinated by one
manufacturer and shall be constructed in accordance with IEC 439
– 1 or BS 5486 Part 1.
3. The switchboards shall be made of folded steel construction;
minimum 1.5mm thickness, fully rust proofed and stove
enamelled.
4. All exposed bolts or screw heads shall be chrome or cadmium
plated.
5. All doors and removable covers or plates shall be provided with
suitable PVC or neoprene gaskets to prevent the ingress of dust,
vermin and insects.
6. The switchboards shall be of IP 54 construction in accordance with
IEC 144 with form 4 degree of separation.
7. Each unit of the switch board shall be housed in its own cell fitted
with a hinged door mechanically interlocked in such a manner that
the cell door can only be opened when the switch is in the “OFF”
position.
8. Switching units shall be arranged in separate compartments or
sections to prevent when handling the elements in the section and
to prevent the spreading of faults from one section to the other.
9. Adequate cableways shall be provided in the switchboard
accessible by hinged lids or removable covers.
10. The equipment in the switch boards shall be accessible with
indicating instruments mounted not higher than 2 m and the
centre lines of operating devices not higher than 1.9 m above
switch boards base. The switchboard shall be properly fixed to
the floor with foundation bolts grouted in the floor or bolted to
channels laid across the cable trench.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
required. Main incoming cables shall be bottom entry,
with necessary cable glands.
12. The switchboards shall contain the air circuit breakers,
bus-bars, bus couplers, MCCBs, instruments, etc., as
specified hereunder with ratings and arrangement as
shown on the Drawings and shall be complete with all-
internal wiring and connections.
13. The switchboards shall be provided with anti-condensation
heaters.
14. Bus-Bar trunking shall be connected with adequate copper
bars purpose made inside the panel, only bus bar insulated
flange and trunking can be outside the panel.
15. The switchboards shall be tested, at the manufacturers’
premises as well as after installation in accordance with
tests stipulated in IEC 439 and witnessed by the Engineer.
Test certificates shall be submitted to the Engineer.
2.3.7.2.2 Bus-bars
1. Bus-bars shall be of electrolytic hard drawn copper, high
conductivity 99.9% purity to B.S. 159. Rating as indicated
on the Drawings, air insulated and rigidly supported by
suitable non-hygroscopic, anti-tracking insulators so as to
withstand forces due to thermal expansion under normal
operating conditions and the fault currents specified and
neatly arranged for 500 V, 50 Hz, 3 phase, 4 wire operation.
The Neutral Bus-bar shall be of the same cross section as
the phase bus bar.
2. A copper Earth Bus-bar sized at least 50% of the phase
Bus-bar or 300 sq mm, whichever the greater, shall be
provided along the full length of the board.
3. Bus-bars shall extend through the length of the board with
the same cross section throughout.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
4. Bus-bars bracing shall maintain the same mechanical
strength and current carrying capacity under normal
operating conditions and fault conditions as indicated on
the drawings for LT SWB bus-bars.
5. Bus-bars shall be housed in separate adequately
ventilated compartment, which shall not contain any
wiring or apparatus other than that required for connection
to bus-bars. Access to bus-bars and bus-bar connections
shall be gained only by removal of covers secured by bolts
or studs. Bus-bars shall be covered with coloured PVC
sleeves or painted for phase identification at the ends.
2.3.7.2.3 Air Circuits Breakers
1. The air circuit breakers shall be of the air break, trip
free, draw out type with the main contacts encased in a
reinforced polyester casing and offer double insulation
from the operators on the breaker front face. The air
circuit breaker shall be fully tropicalized (T2) as defined in
IEC 68.2.30 and shall have salt spray resistance as per IEC
68.2.11. The ACB shall comply with IEC 947.2 utilisation
category B with Ics=Icu=Icw and shall accept reverse
feeding without reduction of performance. The ACB shall
comply with the isolating function requirements of IEC
947.2 section 7.1.2 and shall have minimum 500V 50 Hz
operational voltage, 1000 V 50 Hz rated insulation voltage
and 12kV withstand surge voltage (Vimp). The 3-pole
and 4-pole versions shall have ratings as shown in the
drawings. In the 4-pole version the neutral pole shall have
the same current rating as the other poles from the 800 to
2500A .The ICS breaking capacity shall be minimum 65kA
symmetrical, short time withstand ICW shall be minimum
65kA for 1 seconds. Evidence of the service breaking
capacity (ICS) shall be produced by test certificates
from one of the internationally recognised High Voltage
Laboratories (ASTA, CESI, ESEF/ASEFA, KEMA, PEHLA,
ACAE, LOVAG OR SATS).
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
2. The operating mechanism shall be of the O-C-O stored
energy spring type with a closing time less than or equal
to 80 millisecond. Electrically operated circuit breakers
shall have the spring charging motor connected so
that the springs remain charged always with the motor
disconnected after charging. A standby manual operating
handle for spring charging shall be provided for operating
the circuit breaker in case of power or motor failure. Anti-
pumping function shall be provided by integral devices
to prevent re-closing after a close-open operation if
the closing impulse is maintained after the breaker has
opened.
3. The circuit breaker shall have three positions of the draw-
out mechanism, namely service position where all main
and auxiliary contacts are made, test position where main
contacts are open but auxiliary contacts are closed and
isolated position where all contacts are open. Mechanical
indication on the front of the ACB shall be provided to
indicate a) main contacts closed ‘ON’, b) main contacts
open ‘OFF’, c) springs charged, d) springs discharged e)
service position, f) test position, and g), isolated position
for draw-out mechanism.
4. Any attempt to withdraw or insert the breaker when it is
‘ON’ shall trip the breaker automatically. An interlocking
shall be provided to prevent insertion of a circuit breaker
having a rating higher than the current rating of the ACB
cradle.
5. Insulated safety shutters shall screen all live parts in the
ACB cradle when the breaker is in the isolated or racked
out position.
6. The moving contacts comprising the main and arcing
contacts shall have visual wear indicator and be of the
spring-loaded type. The main contacts and clusters shall
be site replaceable.
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7. The circuit breakers shall have sufficient number of
auxiliary contacts for interlocking system as indicated
and described on the drawings and shall be suitable for
interfacing with building automation system (BAS). It shall
be possible to connect all auxiliary wirings from the front
face of the air circuit breakers and these wirings shall be
taken trough a set of disconnecting contacts, so that all
auxiliary wirings are automatically disconnected in the
isolated and draw-out positions.
8. Protection / Control unit for Air Circuit Breakers
• The control unit shall be interchangeable on site for
adaptation to changes in the installation.
• Sensors shall be non-magnetic or of the Rogowsky
type for accurate current measurements.
• The control unit shall measure the true rms value of the
current.
• The control unit shall comprise a thermal memory to
store temperature-rise data in the event of repeated
overloads or earth faults. It shall be possible to disable
this function if necessary.
2.3.7.2.4 Current Transformers
Current transformer shall be of the bar primary type, air cooled
and suitably insulated. They shall be of Class 1 accuracy for
measurements and of Class 10P10 accuracy for protection
in accordance with IEC 185. The secondary windings shall
be rated at 5A and the rated output shall be suitable for the
burden.
2.3.7.2.5 Instruments
1. The measuring instruments shall include ammeters,
voltmeters, maximum demand indicators/ recorder, P.F.
meter, KWH meter, indicating lamps and selector switches
as indicated on the Drawings.
2. The instruments shall have anti-glare glass fronts, anti-
parallax scales and white faces with black numerals and
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
markings. The length of scales shall not be less than 90
degrees and uniformly divided. The instrument cases
shall be semi-flush mounted and shall be approximately
72 x 72 mm square. Accuracy shall be one per cent of full-
scale values. Moving elements shall be provided with zero
adjustments external to the cases.
3. Ammeters shall be moving iron type, to BS 89 scaled
0-20000 A for main incoming supply.
4. Voltmeters shall be moving iron type to BS 90 scaled
0-500V and provided with 7-position selector switches
allowing off position, reading of line to line and line to
neutral voltages.
5. Maximum demand indictors/ recorder shall be of the
thermal type with a 20-minute time delay.
6. Digital indicators for above mentioned measuring
instruments may be provided subject to the Engineer’s
approval.
2.3.7.2.6 Moulded Case Circuit Breakers
1. The moulded case circuit breakers shall comply with IEC
947-1 and IEC 947-2 standards and shall be of the quick
make and quick break type having free toggle mechanism
ensuring full contact pressure until time of opening,
whether actuated automatically or manually. They shall
be of utilisation category ‘A’ having rated service breaking
capacity (Ics) as indicated in the drawings. The circuit
breakers shall be suitable for isolation as per IEC 947-2
and shall have rated operation voltage of 500V 50 Hz and
the insulation voltage of 750 V, 50 Hz. The breaker shall
be available in 3 or 4 pole version as per the drawing. All
poles shall operate simultaneously for circuit breaker
opening, closing and tripping. The mechanism shall be
completely enclosed in the compact moulded bakelite
case. The moulded case circuit breaker shall provide class
II insulation (according to IEC 664) between the front and
internal power circuits. The breaker shall be designed
for both vertical and horizontal mounting and it shall
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be possible to supply power either from the upstream
or downstream side without any adverse effects on the
electrical performance. Evidence of the service breaking
capacity (Ics) shall be produced by test certificates
from one of the internationally recognised High Voltage
Laboratories (ASTA, ACAE, CESI, ESEF/ASEFA, KEMA,
PEHLA, ACAE or SATS).
2. Breakers contacts shall be made of non-welding and
non-corrodible composition. Circuit breakers shall be
actuated by a toggle or handle that clearly indicates the
three positions ‘ON’, ‘OFF’ and ‘TRIP’ thus indicating
clearly abnormal conditions of the circuit. In order to
ensure suitability for isolation complying with IEC-947-2,
the operating mechanism shall be designed such that the
toggle or handle can only be in OFF position if the power are
all actually separated. The moulded case circuit breakers
shall be able to receive a locking device in the “isolated”
position and there shall be a “push to trip” button in front
to test the operation and the opening of the poles. The
circuit breaker rating, the push to trip button, outgoing
circuit identification and the contact position indication
must be clearly visible and accessible from the front,
through the front panel or the door of the switchboard.
Single pole breakers with a handle tie or a bar equivalent
construction are not acceptable for a multipole breaker.
Moulded case circuit breakers shall be the fixed type. Plug
in type breaker connection are not acceptable.
3. Breakers shall have the ratings and rated service breaking
capacities (Ics) as per IEC 947-2 as indicated in the
drawings. The breakers shall be of current limiting type.
4. Circuit breakers shall have inverse time tripping
characteristic with automatic release secured through
action of a combination of thermal-magnetic or electronic
trip units which shall trip free of the handle and operate in
response to an overload or a short circuit.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
5. It shall be possible to equip the moulded case circuit
breaker with a motor mechanism if needed and closing
of mechanism shall take place in less than 80 ms. The
operating mechanism shall be of the stored energy type
only. The addition of motor mechanism or a rotary handle
shall in no way affect circuit breaker characteristics and
shall not block the device settings.
6. The MCCB’s shall be designed for adding auxiliary contacts
such as shunt or undervoltage releases after installation at
site. The auxiliaries shall be separated from power circuits.
7. It shall be possible to assemble earth fault protection of
MCCB’s by adding a residual current device directly to the
circuit breaker case and it shall operate without an auxiliary
power supply. The add-on RCD’s shall comply with
appendix B of IEC 947-2 standard. They shall be immunised
against nuisance tripping as per IEC 255 and IEC 801-2 to
801-5 standards.
8. MCCB with ratings up to 250A shall be equipped with
thermal magnetic or electronic trip units, which are fully
interchangeable. Minimum frame size shall be 200A. The
breakers with ratings over 250A shall be equipped with
electronic trip units, which shall remain operational for
ambient temperatures up to 60oC. Electronic trip unit shall
comply with appendix F of IEC 947-2 standard. It shall be
possible to fit lead seals to prevent unauthorised access
to the settings of the electronic and thermal magnetic trip
units.
9. MCCB’s equipped with thermal magnetic trip units shall
have adjustable thermal protection and fixed magnetic
protection for current ratings up to 250A.
10. MCCB’s above 250A up to 630A frame size shall be equipped
with electronic trip units shall sense the actual RMS values
for: a) long time protection from 40% to 100% of the trip
unit rating, b) the instantaneous protection shall have the
threshold fixed between 12 and 19 times nominal current,
depending on the rating. c) Short time delayed protection.
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2.3.7.2.7 Current Limiting Circuit Breakers
1. To be similar to moulded case circuit breakers, but shall be
capable of interrupting heavy short circuits current similar
to the cut off characteristic of high rupturing capacity
fuses.
2. To incorporate electromagnetic repulsing mechanism,
shall have a breaking capacity of 100KA @ 415 V and shall
limit the symmetrical fault current to 9.0KA.
2.3.7.2.8 Earth Leakage Relays
2.3.7.2.8.1 General
a. The relay shall comply with IEC 60755 – 1983, should be time
and current selectable.
b. The relays shall be protected against nuisance tripping cause
by switching surges or by lightning surges.
c. The relays shall be of solid state type (mechanical type shall
not be accepted).
d. Self protected from high magnitude earth-faults and
protected against dirt, vibration and moisture.
e. The relays shall be able to operate in the presence of fault
currents with DC components.
f. Each relay shall accept a wide range of auxiliary supply
voltages from 48V to 240V AC and 48V to 300 V DC as per the
requirement in the drawings.
g. The sensitivity of relays shall be as per the requirement in the
drawings from 0.03A to 1A.
h. The size of the relays shall be compact. They shall be suitable
for mounting on a symmetrical rail horizontally or vertically.
i. The relays shall be equipped with one changeover output
contact. The continuity of the measurement circuit shall be
monitored to ensure that the toroid circuit is not open.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
2.3.7.2.8.2 Current Sensors (Toroids)
a. Shall be a rectangular type for busduct feeders
b. Shall be circular/ring type for cable feeders
c. The toroids shall be of the closed type with an inside
diameter ranging from 29mm to 210mm.
d. The toroids shall have cable guides to ensure that
feeder cable is centred within the toroid.
e. The maximum link resistance from the toroid to the
relay must not exceed 3 ohms.
2.3.7.2.8.3 Bus Section Couplers
Bus section couplers shall be air circuit breakers as
specified before but without protection.
2.3.7.2.8.4 Earth Bus-bar
A copper Earth Bus-bar sized at least 50% of the phase
Bus-bar or 50 x 6-mm, whichever the greater, shall be
extending throughout the length of the switchboard and
fixed to brass nuts brazed to the steel members of the
switchboards. The earth bus shall be extended at the
ends for connection to the earth electrodes and shall have
provision for terminating earth continuity conductors.
2.3.7.2.8.5 Circuits and Connections
1. All outgoing circuits shall have separate compartment
and/or be screened so that equipment for any one
circuit can be maintained without risk of contact with
live connections on any other circuit.
2. Feeders for circuits rated up to 63A shall be connected
to terminal blocks located in separate compartments
at top or bottom, conveniently arranged to facilitate
termination of cables and suitably identified.
3. For feeders rated more than 63A copper links shall
be suitably extended, rigidly supported and covered
with coloured PVC sleeves or painting for phase
identification.
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4. All feeders shall be provided with cable lugs and brass
cable glands.
5. Removable gland plates suitable for the glands required
for the specified cables shall be provide. Where cables
are single core, the gland plates shall be of a non-ferrous
metal.
6. All small wiring shall be of stranded copper, not less than
1.5 mm2 with PVC insulation to B.S.231. Small wiring shall
be neatly bunched and cleated in harness form, or shall
be enclosed in purpose made plastic trunking or trough.
Wiring cleated to metal surfaces shall be insulated from
the metal. Where wiring runs through sheet steel panels
holes shall be grommets with suitable grommets.
7. Small wiring associated with external circuits shall be
connected to terminal strips conveniently arranged.
8. Each connection shall have separate incoming and
outgoing terminals and no more than two wires shall be
connected to any terminal.
9. All spare contacts shall be wired to terminal strips
suitably positioned.
10. All wiring shall be identified using plastic ferrules at both
ends.
2.3.7.3 Sub Main Distribution Boards (SMDBS)
2.3.7.3.1 General and the point of entry of bus-duct feeders.
A. Sub-main Switchboard:
1. To be floor standing, totally enclosed, cubicle type,
dust protected and vermin proof, containing the main
components shown on the drawings and/or specified.
Fabricated to BS 5486: Part 1 and shall be type tested
design. Fault level minimum 35KA along with Switchgear
components.
2. To withstand thermal and mechanical stresses set up
by short circuit conditions from a source fault level as
indicated on drawing.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
B. Cabinet:
1. To be suitable to withstand the fault current stresses
available.
2. To be constructed from sheet metal panels built up on
a substantial rolled steel or folded sheet steel sections
framework.
3. Cabinet shall have stiffeners to ensure a rigid structure.
4. Sheet metal for the build up of large panels shall be not
less than 16 SWG.
5. Switchboard shall be divided integrally with sheet
metal webs to separate low voltage equipment from
instruments and control equipment and to ensure
overheating does not occur.
6. Access doors shall have concealed hinges, stops and
interlocks where required, and a dust excluding gasket
contained in a rebate.
7. Door handles shall be the rotating type closing onto
ramps, of approved pattern, finished in a black, hard
wearing non conductive material.
8. Cabinet shall have adequate means for lifting and
shall be capable of being rolled or moved into the
installation position and bolted directly to the floor.
9. Switchboards shall have necessary cut-outs, drillings
10. After fabrication, steelwork shall be cleaned; zinc
sprayed and stove enamelled with one primer coat,
two undercoats and one finishing coat, the surface
being rubbed down after each coat.
11. Finished colour: light grey.
12. Minimum degree of separation will be Form 2.
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C. Components:
1. Components shall be the product of one manufacturer
for discrimination and coordination between upstream
and downstream level.
2. Switching and protective devices shall have clear on/
off identification.
3. Circuit devices shall be mounted in a cubicle form, front
accessible for installation, adjustment and inspection
and rear accessible for connection with line and load
connection terminals. The operating handles of each
protective device shall project from cut outs in the front
door.
4. Components shall be labelled for easy identification.
D. Internal Wiring:
1. PVC insulated, colour coded cables.
2. Factory installed, neatly bunched and supported
and extended on to labelled terminal boards for the
connection of external services.
3. Terminals: anti-turn solder-less type suitable for cable
sizes shown on the Drawings.
E. Current Limiting Circuit Breakers
1. To be similar to moulded case circuit breakers, but
shall be capable of interrupting heavy short circuits
current similar to the cut off characteristic of high
rupturing capacity fuses.
2. To incorporate electromagnetic repulsing mechanism,
shall have a breaking capacity of 100KA @ 415 V and
shalllimit the symmetrical fault current to 10KA.
F. Non-Automatic Circuit Breaker
Shall be similar to the moulded case circuit breaker in
every respect but without the over-current protection.
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G. Residual Current Circuit Breaker (previously COELCB)
1. RCCB shall comply with CEE 227 pr IEC 1008 standards.
The RCCB shall provide the functions of isolation,
switching and earth leakage protection of electrical
circuits. They shall have a residual current operated
electromechanical release, which operates, without
auxiliary source of supply to an earth leakage fault
between active conductor and earth.
RCCBs shall incorporate a filtering device preventing
the risk of unwanted tripping due to transient voltage.
They shall provide a high degree of protection against
earth faults, fire hazards and electric shock.
2. RCCBs shall be available in 2 and 4 pole versions with
current ratings from 16A to 100A and an earth leakage
trip rating as specified in the schedule of points. They
shall be suitable for operation on 415V, 3 phase, 4
wire, 50 Hz supply. They shall have an operating
temperature from -5 to + 60oC. RCCB shall have a trip
indication on the front face by a red mark. It shall be
possible to achieve vertical discrimination with RCCBs.
3. RCCB alone shall have a short circuit withstand capacity
of minimum 6 KA. RCCB must be protected with short
circuit protective devices installed upstream.
4. RCCB shall consist of the following parts mounted in a
robust body of all insulated material:
a) A current transformer
b) A tripping coil with contact assembly
c) Main supply contact
d) On/off switch
e) A test button
f) A trip free mechanism
5. Where a RCCB is used as a separate item and not
housed within a distribution or switchboard, it shall
be housed in a dust protected enclosure to prevent
accidental contact with live terminals.
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H. Bus Bars:
1. Electro-tinned, hard drawn, high conductivity copper
suitably sleeved for phase identification to BS 159, at
the ends.
2. Rating: as indicated on the Drawings. The Neutral Bus-
bar shall be of the same cross section as the phase bus
bar.
3. To be adequately supported by porcelain or moulded
insulators spaced at suitable centres so that the
complete assembly can withstand the maximum
mechanical stresses to which it may be subjected
under fault conditions.
4. To be enclosed in separate compartments and
arranged so that all conductors can be brought onto
the bars without undue bending.
5. Bus bar compartments shall not be used as switchboard
wiring ways.
6. A copper Earth Bus-bar sized at least 50% of the phase
Bus-bar or 25 x 3mm, whichever the greater, shall be
provided for the full length of each switchboard with
each separate section of the board bonded to it.
2.3.7.3.2 MDBs and SMDBs Installations
1. Install main low-tension board as indicated in accordance
with equipment manufacturer’s written instructions and
with recognized industry practices to ensure that the
equipment fulfils requirements.
2. Provide earthing connections for the main switchboard as
indicated on the drawings. Tighten connections to assure
permanent and effective grounding.
3. Prior of energizing the main switch board, check with
megger tester to ensure requirements of IEE Wiring
Regulations are fulfilled.
4. Frame and mount printed, basic operating instructions
for switch boards, including control and key interlocking
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
sequences, and emergency procedures, fabricate frame of
finished wood or metal and cover instructions with clear
acrylic plastic. Mount on the front of the switchboards.
5. Identify field-installed wiring and components and provide
warning signs as specified and required.
2.3.7.4 Distribution Boards (DBs)
2.3.7.4.1 Description
A. General
1. Submit fully detailed specifications for the enclosures
and components of distribution boards with relevant
sheets of manufacturer’s catalogues.
2. Confirmation that boards offered comply with the
relevant specifications.
B. Products:
1. LIGHTING AND APPLIANCE DISTRIBUTION
BOARDS
A. Distribution Boards feeding lights, fans, sockets
outlets and other appliances:
1. To be totally enclosed, dust protected, vermin
proof, recess mounting type, containing all the
necessary switching and protective devices, bus-
bars and neutral connector block.
2. Lighting Sections of the distribution boards
as shown on drawings shall be provided with
contactors of proper ratings for remote control.
3. Separate neutral and earth link shall be provided
with isolator inside all distribution boards.
B. Cabinet:
1. Construction: robust sheet steel, fully rust proofed
and stove enamelled.
2. Cabinet shall have a hinged door fitted with a lock
and key.
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3. The cabinet shall be constructed so that it is
necessary to open the door to operate miniature
circuit breakers. Access to interior components and
internal wiring shall be gained by dismantling and
removing a separate barrier within the enclosure.
C. Bus Bars:
1. To be of appropriate current carrying capacity
at least equal to the rating of the main incoming
MCCB isolator.
2. To be copper.
D. Moulded Circuit Neutral Connector Block:
To be of ample size to ensure a separate way is available
on the connector block for the neutral conductor of
each circuit.
E. Miniature Circuit Breakers:
1. MCB shall comply with IEC 947-2 or IEC 898 and shall
be symmetrical rail mounted type available in one,
two, three or four poles version.
2. They shall be trip free types with quick make, quick
break mechanism.
3. The rated ultimate breaking capacity (Icu) of the
MCB’s shall be at least equal to the prospective fault
level at the point of the distribution system where
they are installed.
4. The minimum rated ultimate breaking capacity (Icu)
of the MCB shall be 10KA if not indicated on the
drawings.
5. It shall be possible to reverse feed the MCB without
reduction in performance.
6. Trip ratings as indicated on the schedules of points.
7. The MCB shall have thermal overload trip to accept
5% overload and to trip at 30% of rated current as per
IEC 947-2.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
8. The instantaneous magnetic trip shall operate
at 5 to 10 times the rated current for 1P, 2P, 3P or
4P breakers, unless otherwise indicated on the
drawings.
9. It shall be possible to replace 3 single-phase units
with one 3-phase unit.
10. The breakers shall be of DIN type.
11. Evidence of the ultimate breaking capacity (Icu)
shall be produced by test certificates from one of the
internationally recognised High Voltage Laboratories
(ASTA, CESI, ESEF/ASEFA, KEMA, PEHLA or SATS).
12. The operating mechanism shall be mechanically trip
free from the operating handle so as to prevent the
contacts from being held closed against short circuit
and overload conditions. It shall be “automatic
resetting type”.
13. The operating handle shall be of the toggle type with
possibility of padlocking facility and rotary handle.
14. Each pole shall be provided with bi-metallic thermal
element for overload protection and magnetic
element for short circuit protection.
15. Current discriminations tables shall be provided for
each rating of the breaker.
16. The terminals shall be of the tunnel type (IP-20) in
order to minimise the risk of direct contact.
F. Lighting Contactors:
1. To IEC 158.
2. Single coil, electrically operated, mechanically held
type.
3. Positive locking shall be obtained without the use of
hooks, latches or semi-permanent magnets.
4. Contactor rating and number of poles: as shown on
the drawings.
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5. Operating coil; suitable for 240V, 50Hz supply.
6. Main contacts: double break silver to silver type protected
by arcing contacts.
7. Contacts: self-aligning, renewable from the front panel.
8. Solenoids: shaded pole pattern of such construction that
lamination noise is eliminated.
9. Control of contactor: by local or remote switches as
indicated. A manual operating lever shall also be included.
10. Separate bus bar shall be provided in the distribution
boards for the contactors controlling part of the lighting
circuits.
11. Lighting contactors controlling all or part of the lighting
circuits of distribution boards shall be mounted in the
board enclosures.
2. OVER CURRENT PROTECTIVE DEVICE
a. Current Limiting Circuit Breakers:
1 To be similar to moulded case circuit breakers, but shall
be capable of interrupting heavy short circuit current
similar to the cut off characteristic of high rupturing
capacity fuses.
2 To incorporate electromagnetic repulsing mechanism,
shall have a breaking capacity of 100 kA at 415V and shall
limit the symmetrical fault current to 10 kA.
b. Non-Automatic Circuit Breaker
Shall be similar to the moulded circuit breaker but without
over-current protection.
c. Residual Current Circuit Breakers .
2.3.7.4.2 Distribution Board Installation meets specified requirements, is operational within
1. Distribution board shall be flush mounted/surface mounted to
suit the situation and as directed by the Engineer at site. They
shall be installed with the vertical sides plumb and the top of
DB at 180cm above finished floor level or as directed by the
Engineer.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
2. The boards shall be properly earthed by connecting an earthing
conductor from the main distribution earth bus bar to an earth
connector welded to the cabinet and earthing bushings on the
incoming and outgoing feeder circuits.
2.3.7.4.3 Field Quality Control
A. Manufacturer’s Field Services: Arrange and pay for the
services of a factory-authorised service representative to
supervise the pre-testing and adjustment of switchboard
components.
B. Testing Organisation: Arrange and pay for the services of an
electrical testing organisation to perform quality control
electrical testing and calibration, visual and mechanical
inspections, and tests of over-current protective devices
switchboards.
C. Pre-testing: Upon completing installation of the system,
perform the following preparations for tests:
1. Make insulation resistance tests of switchboard buses,
components, and connecting supply, feeder, and
control circuits.
2. Make continuity tests of circuits.
3. Provide set of Contract Documents to test organisation.
Include full updating on final system configuration
and parameters where they supplement or differ from
those indicated in original Contract Documentw.
4. Provide manufacturer’s instructions for installation
and testing of switchboard to test organisation.
D. Quality Control Testing Program: Conform to the following:
1. Program Objectives: To assure switchboard installation
specified tolerances, provides appropriate protection
for systems and equipment, and is suitable for
energising.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
2. Procedures: Make field tests and inspections and
prepare switchboard for satisfactory operation in
accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations
and these specifications.
3. Schedule tests and notify Engineer at least one week in
advance of test commencement.
4. Reports: Prepare written reports of test results
and observations. Report defective materials
and workmanship. Include complete records of
adjustments and remedial efforts.
5. Labelling: Upon satisfactory completion of tests and
related effort. Apply a label to tested components
indicating test results, person responsible, and date.
6. Protective Device Ratings and Settings; Verify indicated
ratings and settings and make the final system
adjustments of Over-current Protection Devices.
E. Visual and Mechanical Inspections: Include the following
Inspections and related work:
1. Inspect for defects and physical damage, testing
laboratory, labels, and nameplate compliance with up-
to-date circuit connections.
2. Verify that potential transformers, including their over-
current protection and current transformers, meet
specified requirements.
3. Perform operational test and exercise of mechanical
components and other operable devices in accordance
with manufacturer’s instruction manual.
4. Check switchboard anchorage, area clearances, and
alignment and fit of components.
5. Check tightness of bolted electrical connections with
calibrated torque wrench. Refer to manufacturer’s
instructions for proper torque values.
6. Clean switchboard interior and exterior-using
manufacturer’s approved methods and materials.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
7. Perform visual and mechanical inspection and related
work for Over-current Protective Devices.
F. Electrical Tests: Include the following items performed in
accordance with manufacturer’s instruction:
1. Insulation resistance test of buses and portions of
control wiring that disconnect from solid state devices
through normal disconnecting features.
2. Ratio and polarity tests on current and voltage
transformers.
3. Ground resistance test on system and equipment
ground connections.
4. Verify appropriate capacity, over-current protection,
and operating voltage of control power elements
including control power transformer and control power
wiring.
5. Check phasing of alternate supply sources to the same
bus.
6. Test over-current protective devices as specified for
compliance.
G. Retesting: Correct deficiencies identified by tests and
observations and retest switchboards. Verify by the
retests that switchboards meet specified requirements.
2.3.7.4.4 Training
Arrange and pay for the services of factory-authorised service
representatives to demonstrate switchboards and train
Owner’s maintenance personnel.
2.3.7.4.5 Earthing
2.3.7.4.5.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE
The Contractor shall comply with the following standards
and regulation:
• BS 7430.
• IEE wiring Regulations
• DEWA Regulations.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
2.3.7.4.5.2 MATERIALS
A. Generally
Products used in the earthing system shall be copper or
an approved copper alloy, unless otherwise specified,
and specifically manufactured for the purpose.
B. Earth Continuity Conductors
1. Sizes shall be as specified by local power-supply
authorities, unless otherwise indicated, but in
no case shall size be less than half that of the
associated phase conductors.
2. Insulation shall be of the same material as
insulation in associated sub-circuits.
C. Main Earth Loops
25 x 3mm tinned copper tape, unless otherwise
indicated.
D. Rod Electrodes:
1. To be the earth rod electrode type, unless
impracticable to drive deep into the particular soil.
2. Earth rod electrodes: 16mm diameter steel core
copper jacketed type, comprising a high strength
steel alloy core with a molten welded copper
covering.
3. To be 3.6m long, in 1.2m sections coupled by strong
bronze couplers.
E. Earth Connectors
For connection of rod electrodes: bolted type.
F. Removable Earth Links
To comprise a bolted copper link fixed on porcelain
insulators and complete with studs, nuts and washers
to take the earth tape and a bolted lug adequately
sized for the final connection of the earth electrode.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
G. Bolts, Washers And Nuts In Bolted Connections
High copper alloy or silicone bronze. Ferrous hardware is
not acceptable.
H. Earth Pit Cover
A. To be of medium duty cast iron cover.
B. To have a recessed lifting hook.
C. To have a brass plate, engraved “Electrical Earth
Below”.
2.3.7.4.5.3 INSTALLATIONS
1. Circuit Wiring
To have a green/ yellow coloured insulated earth
continuity cable connecting the earth bus or earth terminal
in panel boards to the outlet or device earthing lugs.
2. Main Earth Loops
a) Fix in mechanical equipment rooms and other areas
indicated on the drawings, in convenient locations,
allowing two return paths to earth.
b) Fix copper tape to structure with copper or brass
saddles and/or screws. Make tees and straight joints
by riveting and seating, welding or brazing.
c) Make branch connections between main loop and
major equipment, such as switchboards, large motors
and motor control boards, with copper tape of same
size as main loop tape.
d) Make other branch connections to equipment with
copper conductors of size not less than half that of the
relative phase conductor.
3. Removable Earth Links
a) Fix in every main earth lead to enable the electrode
system to be disconnected for testing.
b) Install in an accessible position, above ground as
close as possible to the earth electrode.
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4. Exposed Earth Cables
Install and locate to provide maximum mechanical
protection, utilising ceiling corners, suspended ceiling
and webs of beams as much as possible.
5. Bolted Connections
a) Multiple bolt type.
b) Where bare copper is bolted in connections contact
surfaces shall be silver electroplated.
6. Brazed Connections
Where earthing terminal connections are to be brazed
to equipment, thoroughly clean metal prior to brazing
and repaint impaired surfaces to prevent corrosion.
7. Connections Between Dissimilar Metals Protect by:
a) Painting with a moisture resistant bituminous paint
or compound, or
b) Wrapping with protective tape to exclude moisture.
8. Equipment Earthing
a) Connect all non-current carrying metallic parts
of the electrical/mechanical installation to the
earthing system.
b) Non-current carrying metallic parts of the electrical
installation include:
1. Metal conduit cable armour (steel and
aluminium) raceways, outlet boxes, cabinets,
and the like.
2. Exposed metal parts of apparatus.
3. Enclosures, doors, grilles, barriers and the like
protecting or shielding electrical equipment
from direct access.
4. Series earthing of one piece of equipment to
another is not acceptable.
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9. Fire Fighting Equipment
Earth on a separate ring system.
10. Motors Earthing
a) Connect the motor terminal box to the relative earth
loop. The terminal must be mechanically connected
to the frame or, where this is not feasible.
b) Extend the earthing conductor through an insulated
bushed opening in the connection box and connect
to the frame.
11. Main Switchboards Earthing
a) Connect the special earthing lug or busbars inside
the cabinet to the main earth copper tape.
b) Connect all parts of the switchboard, other than
“live” parts, to the earth bar in the board in an
approved manner.
12. Distribution Boards Earthing
Connect an earthing conductor from the main
distribution earth busbar to an earth connector welded
to the cabinet and earthing bushings on the incoming
and outgoing feeder conduits.
13. Bus-bar Trunking (Busways) Feeders Earthing
Connect the green coded earth bus-bar directly to the
earth bus-bar in main switchboard.
14. Cable Armour Earthing
Connect steel and aluminium armour to the earthing
system.
15. Fountain/swimming pool Earthing
a) Connect all electrical equipment, lighting,
transformers, and accessories to the earthing
system.
b) Bond all metallic parts of the fountain/ swimming
pool and metallic parts of the electric equipments.
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16. Earth Rod Electrodes
a) Drive extensible rods of the same diameter into the
ground, either manually or by power driven hammer, to
a suitable depth to obtain low resistively in the particular
soil.
b) Weld earth connectors to the top of the rods, in sufficient
number to take all incoming cables.
17. Earth Plate Electrodes
a) Use where:
1. Ground resistance is low but increases with depth;
2. Where it is not possible to go deep into soil.
b) Protect terminations against corrosion.
18. Earth Pit
Construct a small concrete pit, complete with removable cast
iron cover with recessed lifting hook, at the head of the earth
rod, to protect the rod and allow access to connections for
testing.
2.3.7.4.5.4 TESTING
A. Test earthling systems by the earth megger test.
B. The resistance of any point in the earth continuity system
to the main earth electrode shall not exceed 1 ohm.
C. Install additional earth electrodes if these figures are not
met.
2.3.8 LOW VOLTAGE CONTROL SYSTEM
2.3.8.1 lighting control
2.3.8.1.1 GENERAL
1. Scope
a) The Electrical Contractor shall furnish, install and connect
the complete Low Voltage Lighting Control System and other
equipment as described herein and shown on drawings.
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b) Equipment manufacturer’s Authorized Representative: test
installed system, instruct Owner’s designated personnel in
operation of the system.
c) The system: a complete functioning apparatus consistent
with the current state of the art practice and including
all components necessary for the operational functions
specified, whether or not each separate device is
specifically mentioned.
d) Attention is called to the requirement to protect control
electronics from momentary voltage changes, which may
be caused by other systems.
2. Standards
a) All Equipment and Work: comply with “Codes and
Standards”.
b) All Equipment: C.E. Listed. Proof of listing shall be provided.
c) All Equipment: the products of one manufacturer or
supplier; complete with all required apparatus, devices,
controls, accessories, etc.
d) System rough in wiring and installation shall be made
according to manufacturer’s instructions and wiring
diagrams.
e) Control wiring for devices using the manufacturer’s
proprietary protocol shall conform to the manufacturer’s
installation and termination instructions in all respects
3. Description Of Work
a) It is the intent of the specification to provide a complete
low voltage control system as specified and enumerated
herein and on the drawings including installation. Include
sufficient quantities and level of control product to satisfy
the operational functions specified.
b) All components, consoles, devices, etc.: complete and
functioning units internally wired complete to numbered
terminal strips to facilitate connection to the building wiring
system.
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4. Proposal Forms
a) Furnish a Bill of Materials and a full description of all
items and devices, which are proposed to be a part of
the total system.
b) Include complete product descriptions including any
changes required in the wiring schematic shown on
the drawings to connect the proposed system into the
building. Provide adequate data for product evaluation
and installation criteria.
5. Submittals
a) Submit complete shop drawings and riser diagrams.
b) In addition to the copies required for general
distribution, submit one set of informational prints
directly to the Consultants. Copies of all shipping
lists, bills of lading, etc., shall be distributed to the
Engineer and Consultant. Nomenclature of items
listed on shipping documents shall be identifiable on
the original Bill of Materials for confirmation of items
received in the field.
c) Provide a written line-by-line review of the specification.
d) Include a complete schematic of the system.
6. Workmanship
a) The fabrication of all equipment: incorporate only
new and unused materials. This includes all metal
components in various shapes required such as plate,
bar, rod, castings, structural, stampings, forgings,
clamps, bolts, and all other accessories not mentioned.
b) The mechanical fabrication and workmanship:
incorporate neat and mechanically acceptable practices
such as clean drilled and punched holes without flash;
hand smooth finish for all sheared, machined, and cut
edges; and proper fit of component and contiguous
parts without irregularity where matching is intended.
Welding shall meet qualifications of AWS Dl.1-81 and
shall be without spatter and other evidence of poor
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practice. All bolts and rivets shall be sized and located
in conformity with minimum acceptable standards as
set forth in the Machinery’s Handbook and all revisions
to date.
c) All moving parts: have acceptable tolerances,
mountings, connections, and accessories coordinated
into the system in a manner approved by the Owner
and Consultant. No wood construction or equipment
shall be incorporated into the system excepting as may
be set forth in the specifications.
d) All electrical and electronic parts and components:
selected and installed consistent with good practice
and conservatively rated in their use in the circuit
design. Each piece of equipment shall meet accepted
basic engineering standards.
7. Field Engineering Service
a) Manufacturer: furnish engineering assistance as
needed during delivery and installation to assist
contractor. A qualified Field Engineer shall check the
installation prior to initial energisation of the system.
The field engineer shall supervise initial turn-on and
shall make or cooperate with the installing contractor
in making any required adjustments or trimming
of components to enable the system to function as
specified.
b) The Field Engineer shall be fully experienced in the
programming requirements of architectural controllers.
c) As a portion of the final inspection, the Field Engineer
will demonstrate the system in the presence of the
Engineer, Owner and/or Consultant, as directed,
proving it to be operating properly and shall provide
instructions in the use and in the Owner performed
maintenance of the system.
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8. Testing
a) Standard factory test of manufacturer shall be
performed and typewritten copies submitted to the
owner for record purposes.
b) The manufacturer shall provide for final adjustments
for systems.
9. Harmonized European Standard
a) All equipment and components: approved and
listed by C.E. where applicable standards have been
established.
b) All equipment: manufactured and tested in accordance
with the applicable portions of the latest editions of
Harmonized European and IEEE standards.
10. Accessories
All loose accessories: delivered to the owner and installed
or stored as directed.
11. Warranty
All systems, including all parts and labour, shall be under
full warranty for a period of not less than two (2) years from
the date of written final acceptance. In the event that any
of the equipment should fail to produce capacities or meet
design characteristics as specified, it shall be replaced with
equipment that will meet requirements without additional
cost. After occupancy, any necessary work performed shall
be done at the convenience of the Owner’s operational
schedule, including overtime, if required.
2.3.8.1.2 PRODUCTS
A. The Low Voltage Programmable Lighting Control System
shall be designed & developed in accordance with the
European Installation Bus (EIB) technology to cover
control of lighting (On/Off and dimming) based on one
or more applications such as time schedules, daylight &
brightness, manual switches, etc.
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B. A two-wire bus cable shall link in parallel all sensors (push
buttons, brightness sensors, timer schedules, etc.) and
actuators (on/off controllers, etc.) to each other. The
bus cable shall be a twisted pair, screened & shielded
with solid conductors and shall be capable of handling
information exchange and supplying power to the bus
devices. Separate power supply to any of the sensors and
actuators shall not be acceptable. The bus cable shall
be laid in the building in the form of a linear, star or tree
structure similar to the power mains. Systems requiring
fixed wiring configurations shall not be acceptable.
C. The system shall be completely de-centralized and
programmable. The programming shall be implemented
via a PC or notebook computer located anywhere in the
system and having access level passwords. Programming
via local system switches or with no password security
shall not be acceptable. Any device in the system shall
be accessed for programming from the PC location without
having to manipulate the device locally.
D. Each device in the system shall be addressable via a
software programmable physical address. Any device in
the system shall communicate with any other device via
software programmable group addresses (telegrams).
Each individual device will respond to only those group
addresses for which they are programmed to do so. There
shall be an EEPROM storing the physical address, group
addresses & other software parameters for every device,
thus making it intelligent. No centralized processors or
centralized memory storage devices shall be permitted.
E. It shall be possible to program any of the devices on-line
at the working site without affecting any of the system
devices or the system operation as well as off-line prior to
dispatch of the material to site.
F. The entire system shall consist of bus lines each consisting
of up to 64 devices. Two consecutive lines shall be
connected to each other via line couplers that act as
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network filters and also provide communication between
devices in different lines. In the event of failure of a device
in one line, only the control functions controlled by that
device shall be affected and all other devices shall continue
to operate as normal. Any system with routers / couplers that
require separate power supply shall not be acceptable.
G. The power supply module feeding power to the network
shall consist of a built in back-up power to compensate
short voltage interruptions of up to 200 ms. This back-up
power shall enable the system to put all actuators in a fail-
safe position (either on or off or as it is) in the event of power
failure.
H. The diagnostic modules shall scan the system for any faults
in the bus wiring and display an alarm LED in the event of
faults in the wiring.
I. Each of the devices shall have a built-in push button along
with a LED. The LED shall lit in the event the push button is
pressed and if there is power to the device, thus depicting
that the device is communicating in the system.
J. In the event of power failure or bus wiring failure each
of the system devices (switching modules etc.) shall be
programmed to attain a fail safe position (controlled circuits
to become “On”, “Off” or “As it is, Last status”)
K. All devices in the system should conform to CE standards
and should be manufactured in accordance with the EMC
guidelines and the low voltage guidelines.
L. The Lighting control System shall be interfaced with the
Building Management System so as to monitor and control
the required circuits from the BMS workstation.
2.3.8.1.3 INSTALLATION
A. It shall be the responsibility of the Electrical Contractor to
notify the Architect/Engineer and Consultant in a timely
manner prior to the execution of the work of any conflict
within the Construction Documents, including the Submittals,
which could affect the execution of the Section of the work.
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B. The Electrical Contractor shall install equipment
per specifications and comply with manufacturer’s
instructions. System shall not be energized except in the
presence of manufacturer’s field engineer. Provide labour
for checkout of system under direction of field engineer.
2.3.8.1.4 COMPLETION
A. Notify Manufacturer four weeks prior to completion of
wiring installation to schedule field engineer for system
turn-on and checkout.
B. Notify Architect/Engineer and Consultant of field
engineering schedule.
C. Deliver system operation manuals and instruction video to
Architect/Engineer for Owner’s use as soon as received.
D. Provide required demonstrations and instruction periods.
E. Provide as-built drawings and full system documentation
and maintenance manuals.
2.3.8.2 VOICE & DATA COMMUNICATION CABLING SYSTEM
2.3.8.2.1 GENERAL
A System Description
1. The proposed cabling system for the UTP and Fibre
network cabling and Fibre Links shall be an open
system and application and vendor independent and
shall be warranted by an International Vendor for a
minimum of 20 years. The contractor Installers (labour)
and engineers must be trained and certified by this
vendor to design and install cabling system and must
be insured as required by UAE labour laws.
2. A Main Distribution Frame (MDF) shall be provided at
the ground level of the Building. Each floor is provided
with one (1) Indipendent Distribution Frame (IDF).
The IDFs are located in Telecommunication rooms
such that the cable run from the IDF to the associated
telecommunication consolidation point / outlet is
limited to 90m.
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3. Wiring system used shall be star topology i.e. each
telecommunication/data outlet and consolidation
point (CP) is connected directly to the associated floor
distributor (IDF).
4. Consolidation points (CPs) shall be connected from the
related IDF on each typical office floor, or as shown,
required and instructed.
5. Transmission Media:
For data:
a) Vertical runs between floors extending from the
MDF to each IDF in a star topology using fibre optic
cables installed on cable trays.
b) Horizontal runs from a telecommunication closet
(IDF) to the data outlets or CP using 4P UTP twisted
pair cables Cat 6. Detail and No. of CP shall be
as shown on the drawings or as instructed during
construction stage.
For voice
Vertical runs between floors extending from the
MDF to each IDF using multi pair CAT 5, 100MHz
cables installed on cable tray.
Horizontal runs from a telecommunication
closet (IDF) to the telecommunication outlet or
consolidation point using 4P UTP twisted pair
cables Cat 6.
6. Data & voice processing system shall be supplied
installed and tested complete in place including but not
in a way of limitation, cables, socket outlets, adapters,
connectors, patch panels, 110 wiring blocks, patch
cords, wire management, floor distributors (racks/
cabinets).
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7. The Cabling System shall be designed using standard,
proven equipment and materials with the latest
Technology version or model. If there is any problem
during warranty period related to the shortage of
Materials, the Contractor shall supply them with no
extra cost to the Project.
8. The design shall fully comply with EIA/TIA 568B & ISO
11801 in a full star topology configuration collapsing in
the MDF.
9. The network data cabling systems support at least
1000 Base-T (Gigabit) Ethernet or faster protocol.
10. The UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) Category 6 cable’s
technical specifications shall be up to the highest
industry standards and should have performance
specifications better than 250 MHz and should exceed
all proposed requirements for data, video & Gigabit
applications.
11. The UTP Category 6 cable’s technical specifications
shall be up to the TIA/EIA-568B.2-1 industry standards
and should have performance specifications better
than 250 MHz and ample margin compared to the
Category 6 Standard for performance in factors such
as NEXT.
12. The cables required from the Telecommunication
Room (TR) to the Telecommunication Outlet (TO) must
be two 4-pairs UTP Category 6 copper cables for data &
voice respectively.
13. Both Data & Voice cables may be drawn through the
same conduits and raceways wherever shown in the
drawings.
14. Both Data & Voice may be terminated in the same dual
faceplates.
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B Scope
1. The contractor shall carefully examine all of the
specifications to ensure that he is fully conversant
therewith and has included for everything necessary
therein, either expressly provided for or as would
normally be expected to be provided for by a reputable
contractor specializing in the type and nature of the
Services described in the Contract.
2. The contractor is advised that items or matters not
specifically provided for, or partially described or
otherwise missing from the specifications, but which
are nevertheless necessary for the execution and
completion of the Services, shall be deemed to have
been included by the Contractor.
3. The contractor shall ensure that all selected
manufacturers of equipment and materials provide
with appropriate warranties and guarantees for their
products.
4. Authorized and certified installers registered with their
respective Manufacturers shall execute the installation
of the Cabling system.
5. The contractor shall also be required to submit, in their
bid, a list of personnel along with their CV, certifying
that the installers it intends to employ on the services
have the necessary training and experience.
6. The LAN cabling system shall meet the emerging
EIA/TIA 568A/B and ISO 11801 Category 6, Class E
specifications and shall support Gigabit Ethernet,
Sonet/asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) at rates
(minimum of) 1 Gbits/seconds and analog broadband
video in addition to existing telecommunication and
multimedia technologies.
7. The voice backbone cabling system shall meet the
EIA/TIA 568A/B-5 and ISO 11801 Category 5, Class D
specifications.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
8. The Contractor shall carry out all the necessary
surveys, design and engineering so as to provide for
the Services, a whole and complete system to ensure
full compatibility of the Services with any of the existing
facilities pertinent to Cabling System applications &
operations.
9. The scope of the Services include the provision of all
material, labour, supervision, construction, equipment,
tools, temporary, test equipment, spares, consumable
and all other things and services required to engineer,
design, supply, install, test and commission the
Cabling System.
10. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to make sure
that the system works at the company environment.
11. The Vendor must provide a list of project references
within the last three years.
12. The Vendor must have completed a project with a
minimum of 1000 points or higher of Category 6
13. The Vendor must have experience with minimum 500
points of fiber installed and terminated.
C Submittals:
1. Product Data: Submit manufacturer’s data on signal
transmission media and components.
2. Shop Drawings: Submit layout drawings of computer
cable distribution system and accessories.
3. Wiring Diagrams: Submit data transmission wiring
diagrams for computer system, including rack and
terminal connections.
D. Quality Assurance:
1. Manufacturer’s Qualifications: Firms regularly engaged
in manufacture of signal transmission media and
accessories of types required, whose products have been
in satisfactory use in similar service for not less than 5
years.
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2. Installer’s Qualifications: Firms with at least 5 years of
successful installation experience with projects utilising
systems and equipment similar to that required for this
project.
3. Co-ordinate with other electrical work including wires/
cables, electrical boxes and fittings, and raceways, to
properly interface installation of data system with other
work.
4. Sequence installation of data system with other work
to minimise possibility of damage and soiling during
remainder of construction.
Gbps EtherNet. The complete system shall guarantee a
minimum of 250 MHz & 100 MHz bandwidth performance
and the products shall be from an internationally reputable
manufacturer. The selection of materials shall be subject to
approval by the company.
5. The cables that are used to complete the installation
shall be Category 6 UTP, capable of carrying high
bit rate signals for extended distances in building
distribution systems over frequency ranges up to and
potentially beyond 250 or 100 MHz, designed to work
on an ISO 11801 Class “E” link.

2.3.8.2.2 PRODUCTS Conductor Identification Coloured Code Abbreviation

A. Copper & Fiber Optic Cable And Connectors White – Blue WT – BL
Pair 1 Blue – (White) BL
1. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) copper & fibre optic
cables shall be approved & recommended by component Pair 2 White – Orange WT – OR
Orange – (White) OR
manufacturer. This is to enable the component
manufacturer to give the necessary product and application Pair 3 White – Green WT – GN
Green – (White) GN
warranties for the system.
Pair 4 White – Brown WT – BR
2. Provide unshielded twisted pair copper cable, fibre optic Brown – (White) BR
cable and connectors, in sizes and types as recommended
by the active equipment manufacturer for indicated Table 5: Cable Colour Codes
applications. Mate and match connector materials to
factory installed equipment. Parameter Specifications
3. Computer cabling System Accessories: Provide computer Cable Type Category 6 UTP
accessories, including modular wall and floor jacks,
Conductor Size(mm) 23 or 24 AWG
junction boxes, connecting blocks and pre wired boxes.
4. The selection and type of material required for the Number of Pairs 4
Services shall conform to the specifications given herein Nominal Outer Diameter (mm) 6.0
and items or matters not specified herein shall conform
Impedance(Ohm) 100+/-15
to ISO/IEC 11801, EN 50173 and EIA/TIA 568B Category 6
Standards as applicable. The Contractor shall also ensure Velocity of propagation (% speed of light) 69
that the materials utilized to complete the cabling system Frequency (MHz) 250
installation are capable of supporting the minimum
expected performance requirements for emerging Max. Atténuation @ 250 MHz (dB) 32.1
applications such as ATM services (1.2 GPS), including 10 Worst case NEXT @ 250 MHz (dB) 38.3

Table 6: Specifications Of UTP Cables

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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
6. The cable shall be composed of 23 or 24 AWG bare,
solid-copper conductors. The insulated conductors
shall be twisted into individual pairs and four such
pairs twisted together.
The cables shall be fully colour coded as provided
hereunder, colour contrast being such that each pair
in the cable is easily distinguishable from every other
pair.
B. Horizontal Cabling Distances
1. The maximum horizontal portion of a cabling system
from work area information outlet to a mechanical
termination at the patch-panel in the wiring closets
must not be more than 90 meters. The cable run must
be free of bridges, taps and splices.
2. Both ends of the cable shall be labelled for identification,
i.e., at the patch panel and work area information outlet
according to EIA/TIA 606 administration standards
for the telecommunication infrastructure cabling of
commercial buildings.
3. The horizontal cabling system shall be correctly
designed and the work area outlets in each shown
or required location shall be correctly mapped to an
appropriate wiring closet. The star topology shall
be applicable to every individual unit of the of the
transmission media.
C. Fiber Optic & UTP Cabling
1. The backbone cabling interconnecting distribution
cabinets to the main central distribution cabinet shall
be of multimode fibre cable 50/125 microns; 12-core
cable with colour-coded fibres. All fibre optic cables
shall be laid in straight run without intermediate
splices and all fibres shall be terminated at either end
using suitable fibre cable patch panels mounted on the
wiring closets.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
2. All fibre optic backbone links between the main cross
connect and the Telecommunication rooms have a backup
link using a different route from the main fibre optic link.
Each of these links shall be 12-core fibre optic cable as
described in this document.
3. The Contractor shall be responsible for the supply,
installation, testing and commissioning of the complete
fibre cable backbone interconnection/cross connection
requirements of the “building/complex” LAN Cabling
System.
4. The Contractor shall install suitable fibre optic pigtails/
connectors needed to complete the entire fibre cable
installation as per the manufacturer’s recommendation
and shall ensure that the backbone is capable to handle
the traffic and provide error- free universal data transport
for the foreseeable future.
5. The backbone fibre optic cable shall be run either vertically
between floors or horizontally to connect wiring closets to
the MDF.
6. The 12 core fibre optic cables shall be installed from the
Main Cross-Connect to each telecommunication room.
The cable shall be tied down to the designated area at the
rear side using cable ties around the outer jacket, leaving
2 to 3 meters of excess length of the cables, in addition to
the length required to facilitate the termination process.
7. All of the fibres in the backbone shall be terminated with
LC type connectors at the time of the installation. The
Contractor shall ensure proper testing of the fibres and
make them available whenever they are needed. No fibres
shall be unterminated, all fibres must be terminated. A
document with fibre cable test results for every fibre cable
link shall be provided by the Contractor.
8. The contractor shall observe the manufacturer’s
specifications for maximum tension and minimum bend
radius for each fibre optic cable. The contractor shall
provide a copy of the manufacturer’s specifications to the
company prior to the commencement of the work.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

9. Care must be taken when mechanical pulling devices Parameter Dimension

are used, that maximum tension limits are not Core 50 mm ± 3 mm
exceeded. Minimum bend radius specification shall not Core Non-Circularity: <6%
be violated when the cables are routed through walls Core/Cladding Concentricity Error: <3.0 mm
or around corners. The contractor shall ensure that all Numerical Aperture: 0.200 ± 0.015
installation personnel are aware of these limitations. Cladding diameter: 125 mm ± 1 mm
10. The contractor shall follow an intelligent numbering Cladding Non-Circularity: <2.0%
system based upon the destination and channel number. Coloured Fibre Diameter: 250 mm ± 15 mm
The numbering system shall have a prefix ‘F’ to indicate Buffering Diameter: 890 mm ± 50 mm
it is a fibre optic cable, followed by the destination IDF, Minimum Tensile Strength: 100,000 psi
then a hyphen and the channel within the cable. Fibre Minimum Bending Radius: .75 in. (1.91 cm)
Cable Minimum Bending Radius:
11. 100 pairs UTP shall be installed between the Telephone
During Installation: 20 times cable diameter
MDF and the Voice/Data MDF. This cable shall be
After Installation: 10 times cable diameter
of category 5, 100Mhz and shall be terminated
Operating Temp. Range: 32°F to 122°F (0°C to 50°C)
in a rack mounted patch panels installed in the
Storage Temp. Range: -40°F to 149°F (-40°C to 65°C)
telecommunication closet at the MDF.
Maximum Fibre Loss: 3.5 dB/km at 850 NM
12. Multipair, CAT 5, 100Mhz UTP cable shall be installed 1.5 dB/km at 1300 NM
as backbone between the voice MDF to the IDF in each Minimum Bandwidth: 1500 MHz.km at 850 nm (OFL)
floor/location as indicated in the drawings. 500 MHz.km at 1300 nm (OFL)
2000 MHz.km at 850 nm (DMD,
13. Logical labelling should be as per ANSI/TIA/EIA-606. laser)
Labels should be ring and printed type. No labels 500 MHz.km at 1300 nm (DMD, laser)
should be written by hand.
D. Optical Fibre Cable Technical Specification Table 7: Optical Fibre Cable Technical Specification
1. Fibre optic cables within the premises shall use
multimode, graded-index. E. Data & Voice Outlets
2. Fibres must comply with EIA/TIA 492 specifications and 1 The Contractor shall provide the identification labels at
OM3 fibre specification as in IS 11801 standard. each and every information outlet with clear information
3. Fibres will have dual wavelength capability; transmitting of its connection. (TR, cabinet number, patch panel
at 850 and 1300nm ranges. number and port number). The labelling shall be on the
faceplate of the information outlet according to EIA/TIA
4. All fibres shall be colour coded to facilitate individual 606 Administration Standard.
fibre identification. The coating shall be mechanically
strippable 2. The contractor has to provide clear identification labels
for data & voice.
3. In the process of installing the information outlets, if
the Contractor envisages difficulty in mounting the

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outlet at planned location as indicated in its design/
engineering drawing, the contractor shall notify the
Company of this, the contractor shall not make its own
discretion in modifying or changing any information
provided in the approved design drawings.
4. The type of information outlets shall be of modular
RJ45 of 8 position, 8 conductor designed for high speed
networking applications that use data transmission
rates over frequency ranges up to and potentially
beyond 250 MHz & 100 MHz. The outlets shall be of
insulation displacement connectors type (IDC).
5. Finishes of the outlets shall be as follows:
• Inside offices: White Plastic Range.
• All Public Areas: Decorative metallic range to
Architect approval.
• Service/Plant rooms & external: Metal Clad/
Weather Proof range.
Note: Telephone & Data outlets have to be of the same
product range of other wiring accessories.
6. The 8 position/8 conductor outlet shall meet the
category 6 transmission requirements for connecting
hardware specified in ISO/IEC 11801 and EIA/TIA-
568A/B and Class E design guidelines.
7. The modular outlet shall provide maximum versatility
in designing a premise distribution system. It shall
be designed to snap into modular faceplate. When
the outlet is inserted into the faceplate or frame, it
shall lock into place and shall only be released using
the dual-purpose wire insertion tool. The mounting
and removal system shall allow easy installation and
modification. The faceplate jacks must be shutter
protected and shall include a label window required
to write circuit identification number. Each port must
support a colour icon to identify the port function.
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8. The plastic used to construct the modular data outlet
shall be of high impact, flame-retardant, made of
polypheylene oxide with flammability rating meeting
UL 94V-0UL, the jack wires shall be at least 50 micro-
inch lubricated gold plating over 100 micro-inch nickel
under plate. The connector shall be of copper alloy, at
least 100 micro-inch bright solder over 100 micro-inch
nickel under plate.
9. The insulation displacement connector shall accept
24/23 AWG solid copper wire conductors. The connector
shall have multicolour labels marking wire terminals
with numbers, assuring fast, accurate installation. The
outlet must support wiring configuration as per T568A
and T568B on the same RJ-45 jack
10. The connector shall be wired using the wire insertion
tool (impact tool). The module shall be wired from
the centre to the outside and shall not untwist paired
conductors more than 12.7 mm. In the process of
terminating the cables in patch panels/outlets the
Contractor shall ensure ISO/IEC and TIA/EIA category
5E/6 transmission performance requirements.
F. Data & Voice Outlets
1. The contractor shall supply patch cords for all the
installed points on the network switch side as well on
the workstation side. The cord length shall be of two
different sizes 5-ft. [1.5 m] on the network switches side
and 10 ft. [3.05 m] on the workstation side.
2. The patch cable shall meet the requirements warranted
to meet ISO/IEC 11801, EN 50173 and EIA/TIA 568A/B
category 6 wiring standards capable of connecting
high speed information terminal devices to information
outlets, to interconnect information terminal devices and
8-position modular jack panel applications. The patch
cord shall be designed to provide support for extended
multimedia transmission distance over frequency ranges
up to and potentially beyond 100/250 MHz.
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3. The patch cord shall support the computer networking
applications over frequency ranges up to and potentially
beyond 250 MHz and shall be compatible with voice and
information applications.
4. The construction of the cord shall be of stranded type
cordage tightly twisted, 24 AWG, 8 conductor. The cord
shall be terminated to an 8-position RJ-45 modular plug
on both ends. The cords shall support the transmission
requirements warranted to meet ISO/IEC 11801 Class E,
EN 50173 or TIA/EIA 568B Category 6, Class E component
specifications and standards.
5. The contractor supplied cord shall be of factory crimped
modular plug at both ends.
6. Pre-wired patch cords, 110 to 8 position (RJ45), constructed
of 24 gauge, stranded wire in PVC jacket shall be used to
add modularity to 110 system.
G. Patch Cord Organizer
1. The contractor shall supply and install sufficient patch
cord organizers/interbay patch cord organizers that are
used for routing patch cords in 19-inch (48.3-cm) frames.
The patch cord organizers shall support the requirements
of routing patch cords both at the equipment side as well
as the Category 6-patch panel cabling side at the wiring
closets. These organizers shall be located in the 19-inch
frame inside the wiring closet.
2. The contractor supplied patch cord organizers/interbay
patch cord organizers shall support the requirements of
routing cords in both horizontal and vertical pathways.
H. Patch Panels (Jack Panels)
1. The contractor shall supply and install the modular patch
panels to meet the full cabling system requirement of the
“building/complex”. Every category 6 cables serving the
information outlets at work areas shall be terminated at
the patch panels. The Contractor shall ensure that the
supplied patch panels meet the ISO/IEC 11801, EN 50173
and TIA/EIA 568 warranted component specifications and
standards.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
2. The patch panels shall be of 19-inch rack-mounted
panels. The rear of the panel shall feature connecting
blocks mounted on a printed wiring board. These
connecting blocks shall be capable for use in terminating
category 6 station wires, equipment, or tie cables. The
modular patch panel shall be capable of supporting up
to 24 jack positions (ports) as required by the design
drawings of the voice and data system and shall have
the facility to write the circuit designation details at the
front side of each jack. The contractor shall provide
20% spare capacity for both voice and data.
3. The insulating displacement connector field in the patch
panel shall be made continuous to the 8-pin modular jack
field on front of the panel through printed wiring board
connections to enhance the features to confirm to EIA/TIA
568A/B cabling recommendations.
4. The construction of the modular jack panel shall be
of category 6 – compliant and shall have the stringent
requirements of connecting hardware as specified in EIA/
TIA 568A/B commercial/ residential building Cabling System
standards.
5. When the patch panels are tested in accordance with the
appropriate test methods described in EIA/TIA 568 A/B
and ISO/IEC 11801, EN 50173 Category 6 specifications. The
modular patch panels shall meet the worst-pair near-end
cross talk (NEXT) requirements over the entire frequency
ranges up to and potentially beyond 100/250 MHz on all pair
combinations.
6. Care must be taken to ensure that the cables are terminated
correctly at category 6 cross connect hardware (patch
panels).
7. The pair twist of the cables must be maintained as close
to the termination at the patch panel IDC Modular outlet
as possible. Cables shall not be untwisted for more than
12.7 mm. The cable conductor’s entry shall be at the center
of the IDC module and the module shall be wired from the
center to the outside.
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8. The cable conductors shall be terminated as described
in EIA/TIA 568A/B and ISO/IEC 11801, EN 50173
Category 6, Class E wiring sequence by using the
proper insertion tool (impact tool).
9. When terminating the cables in the insulating
displacement connector field, care must be taken to
ensure that the strip – back is limited only as much
cable jacket as is required to perform connecting
hardware terminations. The cables shall be properly
secure terminations. The cables shall be properly
secured to the 19 – inch rack with cable ties as well as
at the patch panels.
10. The IDC connectors must be colour coded to meet both
T568A and T568B wiring Configuration.
11. Each port of the patch panel must support colour Icon
to identify the port function.
12. Each port must be numbered in sequence with white
printing on black background or other high contrast
colours.
13. Each port on the patch panel must have a label place
holder and for the patch panel number.
14. The IDC connector on the back of the patch panel shall
support 22 to 25 AWG solid conductors’ cables.
15. The package must include frame mounting screws,
labels, cable ties and instruction sheet.
I. Idc Wiring System
1. The IDC blocks shall be used for the voice cross connect
and should be 19” rack mountable type.
2. The IDC blocks shall be capable of terminating up to
336 pairs.
3. Shall be capable to terminate 22-26 AWG solid
conductors or 22-26 AWG stranded conductors.
4. Shall be made of high-impact UL 94V-0 rated
thermoplastic.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
5. Maximum insulated conductor outside diameter 0.05”
6. Complete kit includes connecting blocks, labels and
label holders shall be used.
7. Jumper troughs shall be used to route cable horizontally
and vertically.
J. Cabling Cabinet (Steel Cabinet)
1. The contractor shall supply and install cabling System
Cabinets to house the passive and active network
equipment. The cabinets shall be freestanding types.
2. The 42U free standing cabinet shall be used in the main
computer room 25U freestanding cabinet shall be used
in the IDF. The technical specification is as per the
following:
3. The contractor who supplied Cabling System cabinets
shall meet the requirements of accommodating the
high volume of cabling 19” 24-port patch panels & LAN
Equipment fully assembled with the following items.
(Cabinet dimension 42U 600 mm x 800 mm nominal
width & depth). The cabinets must meet the following
specifications:
• 42U 600 x 800 Ready Rack
• 500 KG load rating
• 42U 600 4mm Safety Glass Door (On the front).
• 42U 600 1.6 mm steel Door (On the rear).
• 600 x 800 side vented top cover.
• Castors heavy duty braked.
• 42U Panel mounting angle kit.
• 600 X 800 thermostat controlled Low Noise Fan
Tray.
A power outlet strip shall have a 2 meter flying lead, (3-
wire extension cord) with a 3 prong British plug with fuse
and shall have 13 amp. 250 volt 3 prong British outlets
with individual on/off switch and indicator light with
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mounting brackets. The AC Mains distribution integral at
the rear pillar of the cabinet should have at least 10 of 13
AMP power outlets. Cable management panel inclusive
of other accessories such as earthling kits, screws,
washers, grip-nuts and a removable shelf, able to resist
a weight of 50 to 60 kgs. The cabinets shall be rugged
and strong and all steel shall be finished scratch proof in
a durable enamel Grey paint on both sides.
The cabinets must include Low Noise Thermostat
controlled fans and shall automatically switch on and
off according to the temperature inside the cabinets,
the temperature range shall be from to 10 to 60 degrees
centigrade. The dimensions of the tray shall be of 600
mm x 800 mm. The fan tray shall have minimum of
four fans 250 Volts AC + 6% 50 Hz. The low noise top
mounted fan tray shall aid the cooling requirement of
the LAN equipment installed inside the cabinets, and
in the process of installing the fan tray on top of the
cabinet it shall not occupy any of the usable U height in
the cabinet.
The front glass door shall have at least 4 mm toughened
& 50 percent light transmission smoked safety glass
able to resist a weight of 80 to 100 Kgs. Placed within
200 mm of the door centre. The door shall be lockable
and shall have a swing handle supplied with 2 keys.
The rear door shall be the same as the front except the
construction of the door shall be of rugged and strong
1.6mm steel finished in a durable enamel Grey paint on
both sides, and without glass.
The internal panel mounting angles shall be supplied
in pairs to provide 19” mounting positions with hole
patterns to accept captive nuts on universal centres.
In the design of the panel mounts the centres of each
U height shall be notched, to make the positioning of
cage nuts much simpler. The panel mounting shall be
fitted onto panel mount angle supports to allow infinite
adjustment throughout the depth of the track.
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PART 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
The cabinets shall be supplied at least with one shelf
kit. The shelf should carry a load rating of 50 Kgs.
and shall be manufactured with holes/slots providing
sufficient airflow to LAN equipment when installed
inside the cabinets.
Four steel castors with rubber wheels at least 40 mm
high. These castors shall be mounted at the corners of
the cabinet and be able to support the total weight of
the cabinet and all options.
The cabinets must support the installation of fire
protection units and all 19” equipment including frames
for 110-punch block.
The supplied cabinets must meet the following
standards:
• IEC 297-2
• D/N 4/494 Part 7
• D/N 4/491 Part 1
• Load rating 500 Kg
• Rust proof coating
• EN 60950
• VDE 0100
• Material 1.6mm steel
• Paint finish according to RAL 7035
For the 25U freestanding cabinets the specifications is
as follows:
The 19” 25U, 600 x 600, rack mounted type. Tempered
glass front & rear door with key lock for maximum
protection.
A power outlet strip shall have a 2 meter flying lead,
(3-wire extension cord) with a 3 prong British plug with
fuse and shall have 13 amp. 250 volt 3 prong British
outlets with individual on/off switch and indicator
light. The AC Mains distribution Integral at the rear
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pillar of the cabinet should have at least 6 of 13 AMP • Unique switch gate Door / Cover provides easy
power outlets. access to the door
The cabinet shall be fitted with at least a 2 way low • Edge protected pass through holes for transition of
cables to rear side
Noise Fan Tray and medium duty castors.
2.3.8.2.3 INSTALLATION
The supplied cabinets must meet the following
standards: 1. Install data transmission media systems in accordance
with manufacturer’s written instructions and with
• IEC 297-2
recognized industry practices.
• D/N 4/494 Part 7
2. Interface building computer system with the operating
• D/N 4/491 Part 1
computer company’s network, after the installation work
• Load rating 500 Kg
has been completed.
• Rust proof coating
3. Tighten electrical connectors and terminals, including
• EN 60950
screws and bolts, in accordance with equipment
• VDE 0100 manufacturer’s published torque-tightening values for
• Material 1.6mm steel equipment connectors.
• Paint finish according to RAL 7035 2.3.8.2.4 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING
• 45 U free standing open frame
1. Acceptance testing shall be carried out by the contractor and
• Integrated cable and cord management witnessed by the company personnel. The contractor shall
• Allowance for more efficient and effective cable provide all necessary instruments and accessories required to
management perform the testing
• Focused on accessibility
2. Acceptance testing shall include the minimum physical and
• SYSTIMAX SCS 20-Year Warranty performance tests as follows:
• Extruded aluminium construction
a) The contractor shall take into account the excepted transmission
• Modular open frame design (no doors and side requirements for emerging applications such as 10 Gbps EtherNet
panels to remove)
including ATM Services of 1.2 GB per second are supported by
• Pre-threaded mounting holes the generic cabling specified in international standard of ISO/IEC
• 45U with 270 holes per vertical channel meets EIA/ 11801 and EN 50173 European equivalent. The contractor shall
TIA RMU rack mounting unit dimension ensure that each nominated cable link is warranted to meet
• Mounting screws with pilot point ISO/IEC 11801 and En 50173 Class E link attenuation, near-end
• Cable guides provide an effortless solution to crosstalk and attenuation to crosstalk ratio specifications.
transitioning cables
b) All Cabling System and associated components shall
• Flexible cable guides allow cable to snap-in easily be tested according to EIA/TIA TSB 67 Level II and
for quick cable routing
emerging Level III Specifications for link test, cable length,
• Spacing of cable guides aligns exactly with the characteristic impedance, attenuation to cross-talk ratio
standard ISO 1101 rack
(ACR), near-end cross-talk and shall be measured to satisfy

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the warranted requirements specified in ISO/IEC 11801 No. Test Description

and EN 50173 transmission requirements using required
1 Wire Map
test instruments; the required test instruments shall be
2 NEXT, PS-NEXT
provided by the contractor. A document with test results
for every copper/fibre cable channels shall be provided by 3 FEXT, PS–FEXT
the contractor. 4 ACR, PS–ACR
The excepted channel performance must be as follows: 5 Attenuation
c) The cable testers used to test and certify the cabling system 6 Cable Length
shall meet EIA/TIA, TSB 67 Level II and the emerging Level 7 Propagation
III Specifications and must test the cable from both ends 8 Impedance
and the channel shall be tested at frequencies up to 250 9 Split Detection Pair
MHz.
10 ELFEXT, PS-ELFEXT

No. Frequencies NEXT Loss dB Attenuation Table 9: Minimum Test to be Performed by Contractor
1 10 59.3 5.8
2 62.5 47.4 15.0 2.3.8.2.5 WARRANTY
3 200 39.8 29.3 1. The contractor warrants to repair or replace and make
4 250 38.3 32.1 good at its expense any material found defective during a
period of twenty (20) years from the date of the Acceptance
Table 8: Channel Performance Certificate

The following tests shall be performed as minimum by the 2. The contractor shall obtain a twenty (20) years-extended
contractor and witnessed by the company personnel. product warranty and application assurance certificate
from the respective manufacturers of the selected
3. Cables shall be of one continuous length and no joints materials. The extended product warranty shall ensure
are to be introduced in any circuit starting from work area against product defects for all passive structured cabling
outlet to a mechanical termination at the patch panels in system components and assurance of supporting the
the wiring closets. system for which it is designed.
4. The Fibre Cable should be tested with an OTDR before
and after laying to verify the attenuation parameters and
continuity of the fibre, the test results along with the OTDR
printout should be submitted to the company.
5. After the termination and splicing of the Fibre links, it
should be tested from end to end. The power loss should
be less than power budget calculated.

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2.4 SECTION
PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
3. The performance warranty requirement shall guarantee
that cabling systems composed of category 5E/6
components meet certain values for attenuation, near end
crosstalk (ACR) derived from the latest draft specifications
of Category 5E/6 / Class E ISO/IEC 11801 and TIA/EIA
standards. This twenty (20) years performance warranty
shall extend from premises wiring entry point to
information terminal and takes into account the backbone
and horizontal cabling at floor level.
2.3.8.2.6 Telecommunications
Generally all Telecommunication related Installations shall
comply with latest General Guidelines of local Authority
(Etisalat and/or ‘du’) who would be providing the services.
Any temporary telecommunication services for site during
construction shall be the responsibility of the developer. NOC
to Etisalat/’du’ shall be obtained from CED Services.Detailed
Telephone System Drawings showing all points and single
line diagrams for telephone, fax, internet, cable TV and fiber
optic requirements of the buildings should be submitted at
the Building Permit Application. These should comply with the
Service Provider’s requirements and be accompanied by an
NOC from such provider.
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MEP INSTALLATION, MATERIAL AND GENERAL NOTES
2.4 SECTION
2.4.1 GENERALS
1) Provide all materials and equipment and perform all labor required to
install complete and operable mechanical systems as indicated on the
drawings, as specified and as required by code.
2) Contract document drawings for mechanical work (HVAC, plumbing,
and fire protection) are diagrammatic and are intended to convey
scope and general arrangement only.
3) Install all mechanical equipment and appurtenances in accordance
with manufacturers’ recommendations, contract documents, and
applicable codes and regulations.
4) Provide vibration isolation for all mechanical equipment to prevent
transmission of vibration to building structure.
5) Provide vibration isolators for all piping supports connected to and
within 50 feet of isolated equipment (except at base elbow supports
and anchor points) throughout mechanical equipment rooms. Do the
same for supports of steam mains within 50 feet of boiler or pressure
reducing valves.
6) The location of existing underground utilities is shown in an
approximate way only. The contractor shall determine the exact
location of all existing utilities before commencing work.
7) The contractor shall pay for and repair all damages caused by failure
to exactly locate and preserve any and all underground utilities unless
other- wise indicated.
8) Coordinate construction of all mechanical work with architectural,
structural, civil, electrical work, etc., shown on other contract document
drawings.
9) Maintain a minimum of 6’-8” clearance to underside of pipes, ducts,
conduits, suspended equipment, etc., throughout access routes in
mechanical rooms.
10) All tests shall be completed before any mechanical equipment or
piping insulation is applied.
11) Locate all temperature, pressure, and flow measuring devices in
accessible locations with straight section of pipe or duct up- and
downstream as recommended by the manufacturer for good accuracy.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
12) Testing, adjusting, and balancing agency shall be a member of the
Associated Air Balance Council (AABC) or the National Environmental
Balancing Bureau (NEBB). Testing, adjusting, and balancing shall
be performed in accordance with the AABC Standards.
13) Where two or more items of the same type of equipment are
required, the product of one manufacturer shall be used.
14) Reinforcement, detailing, and placement of concrete shall conform
to ASTM 315 and ACI 318. Concrete shall conform to ASTM C94.
Concrete work shall conform to ACI 318, part entitled “Construction
Requirements.” Compressive strength in 28 days shall be 3,000 psi.
Total air content of exterior concrete shall be between 5 and 7 per-
cent by volume. Slump shall be between 3 and 4 inches. Concrete
shall be cured for 7 days after placement.
15) Coordinate all equipment connections with manufacturers’ certified
drawings. Coordinate and provide all duct and piping transitions
required for final equipment connections to furnished equipment.
Field verify and coordinate all duct and piping dimensions before
fabrication.
16) All control wire and conduit shall comply with the National Electric
Code and Division 16 of the specification.
17) Concrete housekeeping pads to suit mechanical equipment shall
be sized and located by the mechanical contractor. Minimum
concrete pad thickness shall be 6 inches. Pad shall extend beyond
the equipment a minimum of 6 inches on each side. Concrete
housekeeping pads shall be provided by the general contractor.
It shall be the responsibility of the mechanical contractor to
coordinate size and location of concrete housekeeping pads with
general contractor.
18) All mechanical room doors shall be a minimum of 4’-0” wide.
19) Where beams are indicated to be penetrated with ductwork
or piping, coordinate ductwork and piping layout with beam
opening size and opening locations. Coordination shall be done
prior to fabrication of ductwork, cutting of piping, or fabrication
of beams. When mechanical work (HVAC, plumbing, sheet metal,
fire protection, etc.) is sub- contracted, it shall be the mechanical
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PART 2 MEP INSTALLATION GENERAL NOTES
subcontractors responsibility to coordinate subcon- tractors and the
associated contracts. When discrepancies arise pertaining to which
contractor provides a particular item of the mechanical contract or
which contractor provides final connections for a particular item of
the mechanical contract, it shall be brought to the attention of the
mechanical contractor, whose decision shall be final.
20) The locations of all items shown on the drawings or called for in
the specifications that are not definitely fixed by dimensions are
approximate only. The exact locations necessary to secure the
best conditions and results must be determined by the project site
conditions and shall have the approval of the engineer before being
installed.
21) All miscellaneous steel required to ensure proper installation and
as shown in details for piping, ductwork, and equipment (unless
otherwise noted) shall be furnished and installed by the mechanical
contractor.
22) Provide access panels for installation in walls and ceilings, where
required, to service dampers, valves, smoke detectors, and other
concealed mechanical equipment. Access panels shall be turned
over to general contractor for installation.
23)
All equipment, piping, ductwork, etc., shall be supported as
detailed, specified, and required to provide a vibration free
installation.
24) All ductwork, piping and equipment supported from structural steel
shall be coordinated with general contractor. All attachments to
steel bar joists, trusses, or joist girders shall be at panel points.
Provide beam clamps meeting mss standards. Welding to structural
members shall not be permitted. The use of C-clamps shall not be
permitted.
25) Mechanical equipment, ductwork, and piping shall not be supported
from metal deck.
26) All roof mounted equipment curbs for equipment provided by
the mechanical contractor shall be furnished by the mechanical
contractor and installed by the general contractor.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
27) Locations and sizes of all floor, wall, and roof openings shall be
coordinated with all other trades involved.
28) All openings in fire walls due to ductwork, piping, conduit, etc.,
shall be fire stopped.
29) All air conditioning condensate drain lines from each air handling
unit and rooftop unit shall be piped full size of the unit drain outlet,
with “P” trap, and piped to nearest drain. See details shown on the
drawings or the contract specifications for depth of air conditioning
condensate trap.
30)
Refer to typical details for ductwork, piping, and equipment
installation.
2.4.2 PIPING
1) Provide all materials and equipment and perform all labor required
to install complete and operable piping systems as indicated on the
drawings, as specified and as required by code.
2) Elevations as shown on the drawings are to the centerline of all
pressure piping and to the invert of all gravity piping.
3) Maintain a minimum of 3.6 of ground cover over all underground
HVAC piping edit depth of ground cover to suit frost line depth and
project requirements).
4) Unless otherwise noted, all chilled water and heating water piping
shall be 3.4 inch size (edit system type or pipe size to suit project
requirements).
5) Provide an air vent at the high point of each drop in the heating
water, chilled water, and other closed water piping systems (edit
system types to suit project requirements). All piping shall grade to
low points. Provide hose end drain valves at the bottom of all risers
and low points.
6) Unless otherwise noted, all piping is overhead, tight to underside of
structure or slab, with space for insulation if required.
7) Install piping so that all valves, strainers, unions, traps, flanges,
and other appurtenances requiring access are accessible.
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PART 2 MEP INSTALLATION GENERAL NOTES
8) All valves shall be installed so that valve remains in service when
equipment or piping on equipment side of valve is removed.
9) All balancing valves and butterfly valves shall be provided with position
indicators and maximum adjustable stops (memory stops).
10) Provide chainwheel operators for all valves in equipment rooms
mounted greater than 7’-0” above floor level; Chain shall extend to 7’-0”
above floor level.
11) All valves (except control valves) and strainers shall be full size of pipe
before reducing size to make connections to equipment and controls.
12) Unions and/or flanges shall be installed at each piece of equipment,
in bypasses, and in long piping runs (100 feet or more) to permit
disassembly for alteration and repairs.
13) Pitch steam piping downward in the direction of flow 1.4 inch in 10 feet
(1 inch in 40 feet) minimum. Pitch all steam return lines downward in
the direction of condensate flow 1.2 inch per 10 feet (1 inch in 20 feet)
minimum. Where length of branch lines are less than 8 feet, pitch branch
lines toward mains 1.2 inch per foot minimum.
14) Pitch up all steam and condensate runouts to risers and equipment 1/2
inch per foot. Where this pitch cannot be obtained, runouts over 8 feet in
length shall be one size larger than noted.
15) Tap all branch lines from top of steam mains (45 degrees preferred, 90
degrees acceptable).
16) Provide an end of main drip at each rise in the steam main. Provide
condensate drips at the bottom of all steam risers, downfed runouts to
equipment, radiators, etc., at end of mains and low points, and ahead of
all pressure regulators, control valves, isolation valves, and expansion
joints.
17) On straight steam piping runs with no natural drainage points, install drip
legs at intervals not exceeding 200 feet where pipe is pitched downward
in the direction of steam flow and a maximum of 100 feet where the pipe
is pitched up so that condensate flow is opposite of steam flow.
18) Steam traps shall be minimum 3.4” size.
19) Install all piping without forcing or springing. T. All piping shall clear
doors and windows.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS PART 2 MEP INSTALLATION GENERAL NOTES

20) All valves shall be adjusted for smooth and easy operation.
21) All piping work shall be coordinated with all trades involved. Offsets
in piping around obstructions shall be provided at no additional
cost to the owner.
22) Provide flexible connections in all piping systems connected to
pumps, chillers, cooling towers, and other equipment which require
vibration isolation except water coils.
23) Flexible connections shall be provided as close to the equipment as
possible or as indicated on the drawings.
24) Slope refrigerant piping one percent in the direction of oil return.
Liquid lines may be installed level.
25) Install horizontal refrigerant hot gas discharge piping With 1.2” per
10 feet downward slope away from the compressor.
2.4.3 PLUMBING
26) Install horizontal refrigerant suction lines with 1.2” per 10 feet
downward slope to the compressor, with no long traps or dead 1) Provide all materials and equipment and perform all labor required
ends which may cause oil to separate from the suction gas and to install complete and operable plumbing systems as indicated on
return to the compressor in damaging slugs. the drawings, as specified and as required by code.

27)
Provide line size liquid indicators in main liquid line leaving
condenser or receiver. Install moisture-liquid indicators in liquid
lines between filter dryers and thermostatic expansion valves and
in liquid line to receiver.
2) Run all soil waste and vent piping with 2% minimum grade unless
otherwise noted (edit slope to suit project requirements). Horizontal
vent piping shall be graded to drip back to the soil or waste pipe by
gravity.

28) Provide line size strainer upstream of each automatic valve. Provide 3) Elevations as shown on the drawings are to the centerline of all
shutoff valve on each side of strainer. pressure piping and to the invert of all gravity piping.

29) Provide permanent filter dryers in low temperature systems and 4) Adjust sewer inverts to keep tops of pipe in line where pipe size
systems using hermetic compressors. changes.

30) Provide replaceable cartridge filter dryers with three valve bypass
assembly for solenoid valves, adjacent to receivers.
31) Provide refrigerant charging valve connections in liquid line
between receiver shutoff valve and expansion valve.
5) Maintain a minimum of 3.6” of ground cover over all underground
water mains and a minimum of 3.6” of ground cover over all
underground sewers and drains (edit depth of ground cover to suit
frost line depth and project requirements).
6) Provide shutoff valves in all domestic water piping system branches
in which branch piping serves two or more fixtures.
7) Unless otherwise noted, all domestic cold and hot water piping
shall be 1.2 inch size (edit system type or pipe size to suit project
requirements).

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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
8) Unless otherwise noted, all piping is overhead, tight to underside of
slab, with space for insulation if required.
9) Install piping so that all valves, strainers, unions, traps, flanges,
and other appurtenances requiring access are accessible.
10) Where domestic cold and hot water piping drops into a pipe chase,
the size shown for the pipe drops shall be used to the last fixture.
11) Install all piping without forcing or springing.
12) All piping shall clear doors and windows.
13) All piping shall grade to low points. Provide hose end drain valves
at the bottom of all risers and low points.
14) Unions and/or flanges shall be installed at each piece of equipment,
in bypasses, and in long piping runs (100 feet or more) to permit
disassembly for alteration and repairs.
15) All valves shall be adjusted for smooth and easy operation.
16) All valves (except control valves) and strainers shall be full size of
pipe before reducing size to make connections to equipment and
controls.
17) Provide chainwheel operators for all valves in equipment rooms
mounted greater than 7’-0” above floor level; Chain shall extend to
7’-0”above floor level.
18) Provide all plumbing fixtures and equipment with accessible stops.
19) Unless otherwise noted, drains shall be installed at the low point of
roofs, areaways, floors, etc.
20) Provide cleanouts in sanitary and storm drainage systems at ends
of runs, at changes in direction, near the base of stacks, every 50
feet in horizontal runs and elsewhere as indicated (edit horizontal
cleanout spacing to suit code and project requirements).
21) All cleanouts shall be full size of pipe for pipe sizes 6 inches and
smaller and shall be 6 inches for pipe sizes larger than 6 inches.
22) All balancing valves and butterfly valves shall be provided with
position indicators and maximum adjustable stops (memory stops).
23) All valves shall be installed so that valve remains in service when
equipment or piping on equipment side of valve is removed.
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PART 2 MEP INSTALLATION GENERAL NOTES
24) All piping work shall be coordinated with all trades involved. Offsets
in piping around obstructions shall be provided at no additional
cost to the owner.
25) Provide flexible connections in all piping systems connected to
pumps and other equipment which require vibration isolation.
Flexible connections shall be provided as close to the equipment as
possible or as indicated on the drawings.
2.4.4 P.HVAC/SHEET METAL
1) Provide all materials and equipment and perform all labor required
to install complete and operable HVAC systems as indicated on the
drawings, as specified and as required by code.
2) Certain items such as rises and drops in ductwork, access doors,
volume dampers, etc., are indicated on the contract document
drawings for clarity for a specific location requirement and shall not
be interpreted as the extent of the requirements for these items.
3) In corridors where ceiling speakers and air diffusers are indicated
between the same light fixtures, install both devices at the quarter
points between the same fixture.
4) Unless otherwise shown, locate all room thermostats and
humidistat’s 4’-0” (centerline) above finished floor. Notify the
engineer of any rooms where the above location cannot be
maintained or where there is a question on location.
5) All ductwork shall clear doors and windows.
6) All ductwork dimensions, as shown on the drawings, are internal
clear dimensions and duct size shall be increased to compensate
for duct lining thickness.
7) Provide all 90 degree square elbows with double radius turning
vanes unless otherwise indicated. Elbows in dishwasher, kitchen,
and laundry exhaust shall be unvaned smooth radius construction
with a radius equal to 11⁄2 times the width of the duct. Provide
access doors upstream of all elbows with turning vanes.
8) Coordinate diffuser, register, and grille locations with architectural
reflected ceiling plans, lighting, and other ceiling items and make
minor duct modifications to suit.
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS
9) Field erected and factory assembled air handling unit coils shall be
arranged for removal from the upstream side without dismantling
supports. Provide galvanized structural steel supports for all
coils (except lowest coil) in banks over two coils high to permit
independent removal of any coil.
10) All air handling units shall operate without moisture carryover.
11) Locate all mechanical equipment (single duct, dual duct, variable
volume, constant volume and fan powered boxes, fan coil units,
cabinet heaters, unit heaters, unit ventilators, coils, steam
humidifiers, etc.) for unobstructed access to unit access panels,
controls and valving.
12) Finned tube radiation enclosures shall be wall to wall unless
otherwise indicated. M. Provide flexible connections in all ductwork
systems (supply, return, and exhaust) connected to air handling
units, fans, and other equipment which require vibration isolation.
Flexible connections shall be provided at the point of connection to
the equipment unless otherwise indicated.
13) Unless otherwise noted, all ductwork is overhead, tight to the
underside of the structure, with space for insulation if required.
14) Runs of flexible duct shall not exceed 5 feet (edit maximum length
of flexible duct to suit project; 5 feet maximum recommended
length, 8 feet maximum length).
15) All ductwork shall be coordinated with all trades involved. Offsets in
ducts, including divided ducts and transitions around obstructions,
shall be provided at no additional cost to the owner.
16) Provide access doors in ductwork to provide access for all smoke
detectors, fire dampers, smoke dampers, volume dampers,
humidifiers, coils, and other items located in the ductwork which
require service and/or inspection.
17) Provide access doors in ductwork for operation, adjustment, and
maintenance of all fans, valves, and mechanical equipment.
18) All ducts shall be grounded across flexible connections with flexible
copper grounding straps. Grounding straps shall be bolted or
soldered to both the equipment and the duct.
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PART 2 MEP INSTALLATION GENERAL NOTES
19) Smoke detectors shall be furnished and wired by the electrical
contractor. The mechanical contractor shall be responsible
for mounting the smoke detector in duct- work as shown on
the drawings and in accordance with manufacturer’s printed
instructions.
20) Terminate gas vents for unit heaters, water heaters, high pressure
parts washer, high pressure cleaner, and other gas appliances a
minimum of 3.0” above roof with rain cap (edit appliances and
height above roof to meet code and to suit project requirements).
21) See specifications for ductwork gauges, bracing, hangers, and other
requirements. W. Exterior louvers are indicated for information
only. Detailed descriptions are provided in the architectural
specifications.
22) Exterior louvers are indicated for information only. Louver sizes,
locations, and details shall be coordinated with general contractor.
23) Exterior louvers are indicated for information only. Louver sizes,
locations, mounting, and details shall be coordinated with other
trades involved.
2.4.5 FIRE PROTECTION
1) Provide all materials and equipment and perform all labor required
to install complete and operable fire protection systems as indicated
on the drawings, as specified and complying with the standards of
the National Fire Protection Association, Industrial Risk Insurers,
Factory Mutual, and all state and local regulations.
2) The entire building sprinkler system shall be hydraulically designed
unless otherwise noted on the drawings. Head spacing in general
and water quantity shall be based on Light Hazard Occupancy (edit
occupancy classification to suit project requirements; see NFPA
13—Light Hazard Occupancy, Ordinary Hazard Group I Occupancy,
Ordinary Hazard Group II Occupancy, Extra Hazard Group I
Occupancy, Extra Hazard Group II Occupancy).
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PART 2 MEP SYSTEMS PART 2 MEP INSTALLATION GENERAL NOTES

3) The entire building sprinkler system shall be pipe schedule designed

unless otherwise noted on the drawings. Head spacing in general
and water quantity shall be based on Light Hazard Occupancy (edit
occupancy classification to suit project requirements. See NFPA
13—Light Hazard Occupancy, Ordinary Hazard Group I Occupancy,
Ordinary Hazard Group II Occupancy, Extra Hazard Group I
Occupancy, Extra Hazard Group II Occupancy).
4) Provide an automatic wet pipe sprinkler system throughout the
entire building, complete in all respects and ready for operation
including all test and drain lines, pressure gauges, hangers and
supports, signs, and other standard appurtenances. Wiring shall be
provided under the electrical division.
5) Provide an automatic dry pipe sprinkler system throughout the
entire building,
6) complete in all respects and ready for operation including all test
and drain lines, pressure gauges, dry pipe valves, air compressors,
hangers and supports, signs, and other standard appurtenances.
Wiring shall be provided under the electrical division.
7) See architectural drawings for exact location of fire extinguisher
cabinets, fire hose cabinets, and Siamese connections.
8) All shutoff valves in sprinkler, standpipe, and combined systems
shall be approved indicating type.
9) Coordinate sprinkler head locations with the architectural reflected
ceiling plans, lighting, and other ceiling items and make minor
modifications to suit.
10) Sprinklers installed in ceilings of finished areas shall be symmetrical
in relation to ceiling system components and centered in the ceiling
tile.

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 3
PART

CONTROL ENERGY
AS PEAR DUBAI MUNICIPALITY GREEN BUILDING
REGULATION & SPECIFICATIONS - DUBAI 2010

156 157
3.1 SECTION 1 PART 3 INTRODUCTION

c) Public Building: This building typology includes:

1 GENERAL
Building Typologies
1.1 BUILDING TYPOLOGIES TO WHICH GREEN BUILDING REGULATIONS Public Buildings
ARE APPLIED
Banks Museums
a) Villa: There are three types of villas:
Cinema/ Theatres Petrol Stations
1. Investment villas
2. Private Villa Educational Facilities Post Offices

3. Arabic House Government buildings Retail Outlets

For the purposes of the Green Building Regulations, Private, Health Care Facilities Shopping Malls
Investment Villas and Arabic house are grouped together as “villas.” Historical/Heritage Buildings Masjid and Worship Houses
b) Residential/Commercial: This building typology includes:
Table 11: Typology of Public Buildings

Building Typologies d) Industrial Building: This building typology includes:

Residential Commercial Building Typologies
Hotels, Motels and furnished
Apartments Apartments Industrial
Labour Accommodation Laboratories
Warehouses Factories Workshops
Student Accommodation Offices
Table 12: Typology of Industrial Buildings
Resorts
1.2 APPLICABILITY
Restaurants / Food Outlets
a) The regulations apply to:
Table 10: Typology of Residential / Commercial Buildings 1. All new buildings;
2. Additions, extensions, and refurbishment of existing buildings
which require a building permit from Trakhees; and
3. Existing buildings, when specified.
b) Mixed Use Buildings - When a building combines more than one
use, each portion of the building must comply with the relevant
regulations for that particular typology.
c) Refer to the regulations on the applicability of specific regulations to
specific building typologies.

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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY
d) Change of Use – When there is a change of use for a building (for
example, the change in use from a residential villa to a school);
these regulations apply for the new use.
1.3 TEMPORARY BUILDINGS
These regulations do not apply to temporary buildings which will be
removed within two years of construction.
1.4 EXEMPTIONS: SPECIAL PROJECTS AND SPECIAL APPLICATIONS
Large scale projects or of a specialized nature that some articles of
the Green Buildings Regulations cannot be easily applied to them are
considered special projects and exempted from these articles. Examples
of such projects are: extremely tall buildings, large shopping malls,
hospitals and laboratories. In order to preserve the character of these
buildings, it may not be possible to meet some of the requirements of
the Green Buildings Regulations. For such projects, it will be possible
to apply to Trakhees for dispensation from specific articles of these
regulations, if it can be demonstrated that compliance cannot be
achieved. Trakhees reserves the right to request any other reasonable
measures to be taken in pursuit of the goals of the regulations.
1.5 EXEMPTIONS: HERITAGE BUILDINGS
Heritage Buildings identified by the Authority that may not be possible
to meet some of the requirements of the Green Buildings Regulations
are exempted from these articles in order to preserve the character
of these buildings. For such projects, it will be possible to apply to
Trakhees for dispensation from specific articles of these regulations, if
it can be demonstrated that compliance cannot be achieved. Trakhees
reserves the right to request any other reasonable measures to be
taken in pursuit of the goals of the regulations.
1.6 ADDITIONS, EXTENSIONS, OR REFURBISHMENT DETAILS
a) Relative to 1.6, new additions, extensions or refurbishments which
require a building permit must meet the requirements of the
regulations.
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PART 3 INTRODUCTION
b) Existing portions of the building which are not part of the new work
will not be required to be upgraded to meet the regulations. Existing
parts of a building will require upgrading if after the addition,
extension or refurbishment, the existing building performs in a less
energy efficient manner than previously because of the addition or
extension. Any upgrading required must bring the building back to
at least its minimum level of previous energy performance before
the addition or extension.
1.7 EFFECTIVE DATES
These Regulations shall be implemented and complied with from the
date of first March 2014. As pear Dubai municipality circular #198 dated
February 13 2014.
1.8 REFERENCED CODES AND STANDARDS
The codes and standards referenced in these regulations shall be
considered part of the requirements of these regulations to the
prescribed extent of each such reference.
1.9 SPECIFIC PROVISION
Where a specific provision differs from a general provision, the specific
provision shall apply.
1.10 CONFLICTS
a) When the requirements of the regulations conflict with any other
requirement of the Authority in Dubai, the most restrictive
requirement shall prevail.
b) When the requirements of the regulations differ from the
requirements of standard reference documents, the requirements
of the regulations shall prevail.
c) When the requirements of the regulations differ from the
requirements of Trakhees Fire Department, the requirements of
Trakhees Fire Department will prevail.
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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY
1.11 ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS, DESIGNS AND METHODS OF
CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT
The provisions of these regulations actively encourage innovation and
are not intended to prevent the use of any suitable alternate material,
appliance, installation, device, arrangement, design, or method of
construction that is not specifically prescribed by the regulations.
However, approval of the alternatives will be required by Trakhees.
1.12 VOLUNTARY GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEMS
a) The Dubai Green Building Regulations are not designed as a rating
system. The regulations may have similar topics and/or focus as
some of the worldwide voluntary rating systems, as they all address
the need for more sustainable buildings.
b) Compliance with the regulations is not intended as a substitute for
any measure or credit with any of the rating systems.
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PART 3 INTRODUCTION
2 DOCUMENTATION AND CALCULATION
2.1 COMPETENT AUTHORITY
a) The Competent Authority for the Green Building Regulations is
Trakhees.
2.2 ENERGY COMPLIANCE METHOD
There are two compliance routes for energy performance in buildings. The
standard method is referred to as the Elemental Method; the alternative method
is referred to as the Performance Method.
a) Elemental Method: All buildings must comply with each of these regulations.
b) Performance Method: Alternatively, a calculation method may be employed
for a building which may not comply with all the elemental requirements of
those Articles listed in Table 13.
The Performance Method, using a calculation tool such as dynamic thermal
modelling, must compare the annual energy consumption of the proposed
building with that of a reference building which meets all the elemental
requirements listed in Table 13.The reference building must be equal in
shape, size and operational patterns to the proposed building.
Compliance with the Green Building regulations will be demonstrated if the
annual energy consumption of the proposed building is equal to or lower
than the annual energy consumption of the reference building.
Green Buildings Regulations for Elemental Method of Energy
Compliance
304.04 Orientation of Glazed Facades
501.01 Minimum Envelope Performance Requirements
502.01 Energy Efficiency– HVAC Equipment and Systems
502.04 Lighting Power Density – Interior
Table 13:
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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY
2.3 WATER COMPLIANCE METHOD
There are two compliance routes for water performance in buildings. The
standard method is referred to as the Elemental Method; the alternative
method is referred to as the Performance Method.
a) Elemental Method: All buildings must comply with each of these
regulations.
b) Performance Method: Alternatively, a calculation method may be
employed for a building which may not comply with the elemental
requirements for water efficient fixtures.
The Performance Method, using a calculation tool, must compare the
annual water consumption of the proposed building with that of a
reference building which meets all the elemental requirements detailed
in Article 601.01. The reference building must be equal in shape, size and
operational patterns to the proposed building.
Compliance with the Green Building regulations will be demonstrated
if the annual water consumption of the proposed building is equal to or
lower than the annual water consumption of reference building. 102.04
2.4 DRAWINGS, PLANS AND CALCULATION DOCUMENTS
a) Construction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the
location, nature and scope of the proposed Green Building feature
and show that it will conform to the provisions of these regulations
and other relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as
determined by the Competent Authority.
b) The legibility and clarity of information is the responsibility of the
applicant
c) Submissions will be made as per the Authority approved template,
available online in the website of the competent authority.
d) Submissions should include a signed and stamped Green Building
Declaration.
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PART 3 INTRODUCTION
2.5 GREEN BUILDING DECLARATION
a) Each building permit application must have a completed the Green
Building Declaration appended to it. This must be submitted at
document submission stage.
b) The Green Building Declaration is an unconditional commitment
from the development team to meet the requirements of the Green
Building Regulations.
c) Each applicable regulation must be acknowledged with a tick in the
appropriate column in the Declaration, stamped and signed by the
consultant.
2.6 VERIFICATION OF IMPLEMENTING GREEN BUILDING REGULATION
a) Evidence of compliance for all applicable Green Building measures
shall be provided to the Competent Authority. Specific requirements
for information that demonstrates compliance are included within
the practice guide and the associated implementation flow chart.
b) Alternative methods of documentation shall be acceptable (with
appropriate discretion) when the Competent Authority finds that the
proposed alternate documentation is satisfactory to demonstrate
substantial conformance with the intent of the proposed Green
Building measure.
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3.2 SECTION
2 PART 3 ECONLOGY AND PLANNING

1.4 ORIENTATION OF GLAZED FAÇADES

1 MICROCLIMATE AND OUTDOOR COMFORT
UP T0 16 SYSTEMS CONTROLLABLE
For new buildings, other than villas and industrial buildings, one of the
following must be achieved:
1. At least fifty percent (50%) of the total glazed surface area of the
building, (excluding glazed areas with back insulated panels), must
DUCTING FROM INDOOR UNIT TO
have a north orientation which includes 150 degree angle started
THE AROOMS OF YOUR CHOICE

from east toward North West.

FROM ONE REMOTE CONTROLLER

RETURN AIR GRILLE WITH FILTER MICROPROCESSOR CONTROLLED

REMOVES HOUSEHOLO DUST OPERATION AND MONITORING

FULLY PROGRAMMABLE
2. South and west glazed areas, excluding glazed areas with back
24 H0UR/7 DAY TIMER AVAILABLE

SMALL SIZE REFRIGERANT

insulated panels, must be treated environmentally.
PIPES ARE EASILY CONCEALED ENERGY EFFICENT UNIT COOLS
OR HEATS. THE AIR QUIETLY AND IS
AVAILABLE FOR THE WHOLE HOUSE

1.5 HARDSCAPE
OR ZONED AREA.
COMPACT AND QUIET
OUTDOOR UNIT

For all new buildings, fifty percent (50%) of the hardscape of the
development must:
1. Demonstrate a Solar Reflective Index (SRI) of at least twenty nine
(29), or
Figure 9: Microclimate and Outdoor Comfort
2. Use an open grid pavement system, or
1.1 URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT 3. Be shaded by vegetation or
4. Be shaded by materials with an SRI equal to or greater than those
For all new buildings:
specified in Table 304.01 (1), or
1. All opaque external roofing surfaces must comply with a minimum
5. A combination of the above.
Roof Solar Reflective Index (SRI) value according to Table 304.01(1)
for a minimum of seventy five percent (75%) of the roof area: 1.6 SHADING OF PUBLIC ACCESS AREAS
2. Individual heat rejection equipment, with a power rating greater than For all new buildings, other than villas, all pedestrian linkages within
4.0 kilowatt (kW), and which exhausts externally, must be installed the plot area must be shaded using materials with a Solar Reflectance
not less than 3.0 meters above the ground level of the building. Index (SRI) equal to or greater than those specified in Table: Roof SRI
Requirements
1.2 GREEN ROOFS
For all new buildings, the requirements of Part 1 of Regulation 304.1 are
waived, if the roof of the building provided with vegetated roof (green
roof) for at least thirty percent (30%) of the total roof area.

1.3 LIGHT COLOURS ON THE OUTSIDE OF BUILDINGS

For all new buildings, at least seventy five percent (75%) of the area of
externally painted walls must have a minimum Light Reflective Value of
forty-five percent (45%).

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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY
1 VENTILATION AND AIR QUALITY
1 1
Figure 10: Ventilation and Air Quality
1.1 MINIMUM VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS FOR ADEQUATE INDOOR Exhausted air must be discharged in a manner to avoid it being drawn back
AIR QUALITY
All new and existing air conditioned buildings must be mechanically
or mixed mode ventilated and must comply with the minimum
requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.
Occupancy density for each space is determined based on its activity in
accordance with the requirements of the Authority if available or using
the default occupancy density values in ASHRAE 62
1.2 AIR QUALITY DURING CONSTRUCTION, RENOVATION OR DECORATION
For all buildings under construction or renovation, building occupant
and systems must be protected from airborne contaminants which are
generated or spread during construction or renovation inside the buildings.
Including toxic substances or substances harmful to the human body, such
as asbestos, lead, pesticides, heavy metals, mold, dust, fumes, paint ...etc
Unless it is required to provide ventilation during construction, the supply
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PART 3 ECONLOGY AND PLANNING
and return heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system openings
must be closed and protected from contamination. All duct and other related
air distribution component openings must be covered with tape, plastic, sheet
metal or other methods to prevent dust or debris from collecting in the system.
If the HVAC system is used during construction or renovation, temporary
return air filters must be installed with a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value
(MERV) in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 52.2 or an equivalent standard.
Immediately prior to occupancy, the temporary return air filters must be
removed and replaced with permanent filters having Minimum Efficiency
Reporting Value (MERV) in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 52.2 or an
equivalent standard.
1.3 AIR INLETS AND EXHAUSTS
For all new and existing buildings:
All ventilation system outdoor air intakes, including doors and operable
windows, that are part of a mixed mode ventilation system, must be located
at suitable distance from potential sources of contamination to reduce the
possibility of odor, smoke or other air contaminants entering the ventilation
system as required by the Authority, if any, or refer to ASHRAE Standard 62
Table (5.1)
into the building or the building ventilation system and to ensure that it does
not become a nuisance to the building occupants or other buildings occupants
or pedestrians.
1.4 ISOLATION OF POLLUTANT SOURCES
For all new and existing buildings, where activities produce hazardous fumes
or chemicals, spaces must be provided with separate air extraction systems to
create negative pressure and exhaust the fumes or chemicals to ensure they
do not enter adjacent rooms.
Dangerous Goods must be stored in accordance with the Authority
Requirements.
1.5 OPENABLE WINDOWS
For all new buildings, opening windows must be provided in accordance
with the Authority Building Regulations unless there is safety requirements
restricting opening these windows.
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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY PART 3 ECONLOGY AND PLANNING

1.6 INDOOR AIR QUALITY COMPLIANCE - NEW BUILDINGS
For all new buildings, suitable ventilation for the building occupants and
ensure the air quality in accordance with the technical guidelines issued
by the Authority. The buildings which optionally apply the following
procedures will be awarded indoor air quality certificate by the Authority.
A. Indoor air quality testing must be carried out prior to occupancy.
The maximum limit for indoor air contaminants included in Table 15
must not be exceeded. A report which shows compliance with these
requirements must be submitted to the Authority.
B. Air Quality testing must be carried out by an air testing company or
laboratory accredited by the Authority, and the Compliant test results
must be submitted to Trakhees.
C. Air quality testing equipment must have initial and periodical
calibration certificate as per manufacturer requirement from an
external calibration facility accredited by the Authority or at least
annual calibration certificate. The initial and periodical calibration
1.7 INDOOR AIR QUALITY COMPLIANCE - EXISTING BUILDINGS
For all existing hotels, shopping mall, educational, health and
government buildings, buildings which are used to provide health care,
mosques and worship buildings, theatres, cinemas or any other existing
buildings to be determined by the Authority later, suitable ventilation
for the building occupants and ensure the air quality in accordance with
the technical guidelines issued by the Authority. The buildings which
optionally apply the following procedures will be awarded indoor air
quality certificate by the Authority.
A. Indoor air testing for the contaminants listed in Table 16 must
be carried out to ensure the air quality in a building is suitable
for occupation, the maximum limit for indoor air contaminants
included in Table 16 must not be exceeded.
B. Air Quality testing must be carried out by an air testing company
or laboratory accredited by the Authority and the Compliant result
must be submitted to Trakhees.

Sampling Maximum Sampling Sampling

Type of Samples Sampling Duration Type of Samples Maximum Acceptable
Schedule Acceptable Schedule Duration

Pre-Occupancy < 0.08 parts 8- hour Initial test 8- hour

Formaldehyde < 0.08 ppm
Formaldehyde per million continuous completed continuous
(ppm) monitoring by 31 Total Volatile monitoring
(8 hour time- December Organic < 300 (8 hour
Total Volatile weighted
Organic < 300 2011. Compound micrograms/m3 time-
average (TVOC) weighted
Compound micrograms/m3 [TWA])
(TVOC) average
Further testing Respirable Dust < 150 (TWA)
Suspended within 5 (<10 microns) micrograms/m3
< 150 years of last
Particulates
micrograms/m3 compliant
(<10 microns) 0.06 ppm (120
test. Ozone
micrograms/ m3)
Table 15: Indoor Air Quality Compliance - New Buildings 800 ppm (1440
Carbon Dioxide
microgram/ m3)
certificates must be saved in a special register to be checked by the Carbon 9 ppm (10
Authority in order to ensure the accuracy of the readings as condition Monoxide micrograms/ m3)
of renewal the indoor air quality certificate.
500 CFU/ m³ (Algar
Bacteria
plate)
500 CFU/ m³ (Algar
Fungi
plate)

Table 16: Indoor Air Quality Compliance - Existing Buildings

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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY
C. Air quality testing equipment must have initial and periodical
calibration certificates as per manufacturer requirement from an
external calibration facility accredited by the Authority or at least
annual calibration certificate. The initial and periodical calibration
certificates must be saved in a special register to be checked
by Trakhees in order to ensure the accuracy of the readings as
condition of renewal the indoor air quality certificate.
1.8 INSPECTION AND CLEANING OF HVAC EQUIPMENT
For all new and existing buildings, the cleanness of HVAC equipment
and systems must be maintained and all its parts must be inspected
and cleaned in accordance with the standard specifications approved
by the Authority and in accordance with the technical guidelines issued
by the Authority. While specialized maintenance companies approved
by the Authority must carry out Inspection and cleaning or provide a
proof that maintenance shall be done by building operator if he has a
qualified personnel and equipment to do the job.
1.9 PARKING VENTILATION
For all buildings with enclosed parking:
A. Mechanical ventilation must be provided to ensure that the Carbon
Monoxide (CO) concentration in the enclosed parking area is
maintained below fifty (50) parts per million (ppm) by:
- Providing a minimum of six (6) outside air changes per hour, or
- Installing a variable volume ventilation system controlled in
response to input from a minimum of one CO sensor per four
hundred square meters (400 m2) floor area of parking.
B. A supply of outdoor air must be provided to each parking level.
C. Occupied areas such as offices, shopping centers, hotels, waiting
rooms, and ticket booths connected to enclosed parking, must be
supplied with conditioned air under positive pressure compared
with adjoining parking area
D. Ventilation systems must be capable of providing ten (10) air
changes per hour for smoke clearance purposes in case of a fire
incident.
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PART 3 ECONLOGY AND PLANNING
E. CO monitoring equipment must be installed with a minimum of one
CO sensor per four hundred square meters (400 m2) floor area of
parking. Sound alarm triggers when the CO concentration reaches
or exceeds seventy five (75) ppm in, at least, five percent (5%) of
the monitored locations.
F. Where a Building Management System (BMS) or Central Control
and Monitoring System (CCMS) is installed, the CO concentration
must be monitored to allow real-time profiling and management of
air quality.
G. CO monitoring equipment must be checked and recalibrated every
six (6) months or according to manufacturer specification by a
specialized calibration company certified by the Authority. Test
results and calibration certificates must be kept onsite and be
readily available for inspection by Trakhees staff.
1.10 ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE
A. Smoking is strictly prohibited in all public in accordance with Local
Order No 11 – 2003 including but not limited to shopping centers,
hotels, restaurants, government buildings, hospitals, healthcare
facilities, commercial buildings, common accommodation, coffee
shops and amusement and entertainment or any other places
determined by the Authority except for places in which smoking is
permitted
B. Places in which smoking is permitted are determined in accordance
with the conditions listed in the Manual of Regulating Smoking in
Public Places issued by the Authority by administrative resolution
no 92 for the year 2009 in which public places where smoking is
strictly prohibited and places where smoking is permitted are
determined according to specific conditions.
C. Smoking designated areas must be at least twenty five (25) feet
away from the building entrances of the building, doors and
operable windows and ventilation system outdoor air intakes
D. An annual permit is issued from the Authority for all places in which
smoking is permitted after providing all required documents and
drawings mentioned in the guide.
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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY PART 3 ECONLOGY AND PLANNING

2
2 2THERMAL COMFORT 3 3
3 ACOUSTIC COMFORT
4

4.1 ACOUSTICAL CONTROL

For all new buildings, the acoustic performance relating to Internal
Noise Criteria from External Noise Sources, Internal Noise Criteria
from Mechanical Services Noise, Internal Airborne Sound Insulation
Guidance Values, and Internal Impact Sound Pressure Levels meet the
control requirements set out in Table: 17.

Building Type Document Reference

Building Regulations Approved

Villas / Residential* Buildings Document E (revised 2003) (UK)
Health Technical Memorandum 08-01
Healthcare Facilities (UK)

Building Bulletin 93: Acoustic Design

Educational Facilities** of Schools – A design Guide (UK)
Figure 11: Thermal Comfort
BS8233:1999 “Sound insulation and
Commercial Buildings noise reduction for buildings –
code of practice”. (UK)
2.1 THERMAL COMFORT
BS8233:1999 “Sound insulation and
For all new and existing buildings, the heating, ventilation and air Industrial noise reduction for buildings –
conditioning (HVAC) system must be capable of providing the following code of practice”. (UK)
range of conditions for ninety five percent (95%) of the year:
BS8233:1999 “Sound insulation and
Public noise reduction for buildings –
Lower Limit Upper Limit code of practice”. (UK)

Dry bulb temperature DB: 22.5 °C DB: 25.5 °C

Table 17: Acoustical Control Requirements
Relative humidity RH: 30% (min) RH: 60% (max)

* Residential buildings include Villas, Apartments, Labour

For occupant comfort, normal occupied spaces should have an average Accommodations and Student Accommodations.
air velocity between (0.2 – 0.3) m/s. ** Educational Facilities include Nursery Schools, Primary Schools,
Secondary Schools, Colleges and Universities.

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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY PART 3 ECONLOGY AND PLANNING

4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 5 DAY LIGHTING AND VISUAL COMFORT

6 5.
5.1 LOW EMITTING MATERIAL: PAINTS AND COATINGS
For all buildings, including new applications in existing buildings, all
paints and coatings used in the building should not exceed allowed
limits of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC), these paints and coatings
must be accredited/certified from Dubai Central Lab or any source
approved by Trakhees.

5.2 LOW EMITTING MATERIAL: ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS

For all buildings, including new applications in existing buildings, all
adhesives, adhesive bonding primers, adhesive primers, sealants and
sealant primers used in the building should not exceed allowed limits of
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC); these materials must be accredited/
certified from Dubai Central Lab or any source approved by Trakhees.

5.3 CARPET SYSTEMS

For all new and existing public and commercial buildings, each new
carpet system used must be certified / accredited from Dubai Central
Lab or any other source approved by Trakhees.
Carpets are not allowed to be used in labor accommodation, educational
facilities or any other places determined by the Authority.
Figure 12: Day Lighting and Visual Comfort
6.1 PROVISION OF NATURAL DAYLIGHT
For all new buildings, other than industrial buildings, provision for
adequate natural daylight must be made in order to reduce their
reliance on electrical lighting and to improve conditions for the building
occupants and provide lighting openings in accordance with the
Authority building regulation and specification.
All new office, residential and public buildings must provide direct line
of sight (views) to the outdoor environment in accordance with the
Authority building regulation and specification.

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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY
6 WATER QUALITY
7 6.
Figure 13: Water Quality
7.1 LEGIONELLA BACTERIA AND BUILDING WATER SYSTEMS
For all new and existing buildings must apply the technical guidelines
issued by the Authority which includes:
A. All water systems and networks which creates a water spray or aerosol
including but not limited to cooling towers, evaporative condensers,
hot and cold water systems, showers, evaporative air coolers, spas,
fountains, misters, ..etc must be periodically maintained, cleaned,
disinfected and checked periodically to minimize the risk of Legionella
bacteria or germs contamination in accordance with the technical
guidelines issued by the Authority regarding the control of Legionella
bacteria in water systems.
B. All water systems equipments and accessories including but not limited
to potable water network, hot and cold water systems, water tanks,
pumps, pipes and fittings, must be maintained, cleaned and disinfected.
178
PART 3 ECONLOGY AND PLANNING
C. Sampling and testing must be carried out for the presence of bacteria/
germs and Legionella bacteria
D. All equipments and devices of swimming pools, spa pools, whirlpool
baths, hydrotherapy pools and Jacuzzi must be maintained,
cleaned, disinfected and checked periodically.
E. All equipment’s and devices of irrigation system must be
maintained, cleaned, disinfected and checked periodically
Specialized companies approved by the Authority must do water tests
and sampling.
All test results must be recorded and kept along with the records of
maintenance and remedial works at site to be checked by Trakhees.
Figure 14: Conservation and Efficiency: Building Fabric
7.2 WATER QUALITY OF WATER FEATURES
For all new and existing buildings, all Water Features with a water
storage volume of over 1,000 liters and which creates a water spray or
aerosol including but not limited to waterfalls, ponds, streams, ...etc
must be maintained, cleaned, disinfected and checked periodically to
minimize the risk of Legionella bacteria or germs contamination and
not exceed the maximum limits outlined in the technical guidelines
issued by the Authority.
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3.3 SECTION 3 PART 3 RESOURCE EFFECTIVENESS: ENERGY

2. If the total area of external walls that let in light is between forty
1 CONSERVATION AND EFFICIENCY: BUILDING FABRIC
percent (40%) and sixty percent (60%) of the external wall area,
then the glazing elements must meet the following performance
criteria:

1.1 MINIMUM ENVELOPE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Thermal Transmittance
U= 1.9 W/m2K (max)
For all new air conditioned buildings, exterior building elements must (Summer U value)
have average thermal transmittance (also known as U Value) and
Shading Coefficient (SC) 0.32 (max)
Shading Coefficients (SC) that does not exceed the values specified
and Light Transmittance greater than or equal to the values specified. Light Transmittance 0.1 (min)

A. External Walls, Roofs, and Floors:

Building elements forming the external walls, roofs, and floors
(where one side of the floor is exposed to ambient conditions) must 3. If the total area of external walls that let in light is sixty percent
have an average thermal transmittance (U Value) which does not (60%) or greater of the external wall area, then the glazing
exceed the following values: elements must meet the following performance criteria:

Building elements U Value

Thermal Transmittance
U= 1.9 W/m2K (max)
Roof U= 0.3 W/m2K (Summer U value)
External Wall U= 0.57 W/m2K Shading Coefficient (SC) 0.25 (max)

Light Transmittance 0.1 (min)

If the floor is in contact with the ground, the insulation should only be
applied to one meter (1m) in from the perimeter of the building.
Glazed elements with back insulated panels must be treated as walls
4. For shop fronts and showrooms, other than those at ground floor
(and therefore must meet the performance requirement for walls).
level, glazing elements must meet the following performance
B. Glazed Elements - Fenestration: criteria:
1. If the total area of external walls that let in light is forty per
cent (40%) or less of the external wall area, then the glazing Thermal Transmittance
elements must meet the following performance criteria: U= 1.9 W/m2K (max)
(Summer U value)
Shading Coefficient (SC) 0.76 (max)

Thermal Transmittance
U= 2.1 W/m2K (max)
(Summer (Summer U value))
5. If the glazing portion of a roof is ten percent (10%) or less of the
Shading Coefficient (SC) 0.4 (max) roof area, then the glazing elements must meet the following
Light Transmittance 0.25 (min) performance criteria:

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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY PART 3 RESOURCE EFFECTIVENESS: ENERGY

B) Indoor Condition of the Building

Thermal Transmittance
U= 1.9 W/m2K (max)
(Summer U value)
Shading Coefficient (SC) 0.32 (max) Dry bulb temperature 24° C (75° F)

Light Transmittance 0.4 (min) Relative humidity 50% +/- 5%

6. If the glazing portion of a roof is greater than ten percent (10%) • The heat transfer coefficients to be used in the calculations
of the roof area, then the glazing elements must meet the for roofs, walls, and glazed areas must be the actual design
following performance criteria: coefficients, or as set out in Regulation 501.01 Minimum
Envelope Performance Requirements.
Thermal Transmittance • When diversity factors to be used in the calculation of heat load
U= 1.9 W/m2K (max)
(Summer (Summer U value)) are not known, the coefficients set out in the 2005 ASHRAE
Handbook – Fundamentals must be used.
Shading Coefficient (SC) 0.25 (max)
C) The safety factor applied must be no greater than:
Light Transmittance 0.3 (min)

Sensible Heat 10%

1.2 THERMAL BRIDGING
For all new air conditioned buildings, Thermal Bridges, such as Latent Heat 5%
connection points between concrete or steel beams, external walls
and columns and around doors and windows, which enable the flow of
heat from outside into the building, must be eliminated or insulated to • Heat loads for buildings must be calculated for each air-
reduce the amount of heat transfer. conditioned space at the hour of peak load incidence in that
space, using software registered with the Authority.
1.3 AIR CONDITIONING DESIGN PARAMETERS
1.4 AIR LOSS FROM ENTRANCE AND EXIT
For all new air conditioned buildings, the heat load must be calculated
in accordance with the following design parameters.
For all new air conditioned buildings other than villas, all regularly used
A) Outdoor Condition of the Building
air conditioned entrance lobbies must be protected by a door design
which acts as a barrier to the loss of conditioned air.

Dry bulb temperature 46° C (115° F) 1.5 1.5 AIR LEAKAGE

Wet bulb temperature 29° C (85° F) All new air conditioned buildings with a cooling load of 1 megawatt
(MW) or greater must be tested to demonstrate that air leakage does
(North Latitude)
Dubai City location latitude not exceed ten (10) cubic meters of air per hour for each square meter
25° N of building envelope (10m3/hr/m²) into or out of the building, at an ap
Extent of variation in the temperature
on the day of design (Outdoor Daily 13.8° C (25° F)
Range)

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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY PART 3 RESOURCE EFFECTIVENESS: ENERGY

2 CONSERVATION AND EFFICIENCY: BUILDING SYSTEMS

2.1 ENERGY EFFICIENCY – HVAC EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

For all new air conditioned buildings, heating, ventilating and air
conditioning equipment and systems must comply with the minimum
energy efficiency requirements and test procedures listed in Reference
Tables 18 and 19 or any test procedure approved by the Authority.
REFERENCE TABLE 18
Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing
Units

Heating Subcatagory Minimum Minimum

Equipment Size Test
Section or Rating Efficiency Efficiency
Figure 15: Straight-tube Heat Exchanger Type Category
Type Condition (T1) (T3)
Procedure

Air <65,000 All Spilt 9.5 EER 6.6 EER T1-ARI

Conditioners, Btu/h System 210/240
plied pressure difference of fifty (50) Pascal (Pa). Testing must be air cooled
carried out in accordance with a method approved by the Authority. Single 9.5 EER 6.6 EER T3-ISO
Package 5151
Work must be carried out by a company approved by the Authority.
Through-the- <=30,000 All Single 8.0 EER 5.7 EER
wall, Bth/h Package
air cooled

Small-duct <65,000 All Split 9.2 EER 6.4 EER

high- Bth/h System
velocity air
cooled

Table 18: Minimum Efficiency Requirements

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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY PART 3 RESOURCE EFFECTIVENESS: ENERGY

Continue: REFERENCE TABLE 18 Continue: REFERENCE TABLE 18

Heating Subcatagory Minimum Minimum

Equipment Size Test
Category Section or Rating Efficiency Efficiency Heating Subcatagory Minimum Minimum
Type Procedure Equipment Size Test
Type Condition (T1) (T3) Section or Rating Efficiency Efficiency
Type Category Procedure
Type Condition (T1) (T3)
Air >=65,000 Electric Split 9.5 EER 6.6 EER T1- ARI
Conditioners, Btu/h and resistance System and 340/360 Air ≥65,000 Electric Split 14.0 EER ARI
air cooled <135,000 (or none) Single Conditioners, Btu/h resistance System and 340/260
Btu/h Package T3-ISO air cooled and (or none) Single
5151 Package
All other Split System 9.5 EER 6.6 EER <135,000
and Btu/h All other Split 14.0 EER
Single System and
Package Single
>=135,000 Electric Split System 9.5 EER 6.6 EER Package
Btu/h resistance and ≥135,000 Electric Split S 14.0 EER
and (or none) Single Btu/h resistance ystem and
<240,000 Package and (or none) Single
Btu/h All other Split System 9.5 EER 6.6 EER <240,000 Package
and Btu/h All other Split 14.0 EER
Single System and
Package Single
>=240,000 Electric Split System 9.5 EER 6.6 EER Package
Btu/h resistance and ≥240,000 Electric Split 14.0 EER
and (or none) Single Btu/h resistance System and 12.4 PLV
<760,000 Package (or none) Single
Btu/h Package
All other Split System 9.5 EER 6.6 EER
and All other Split 14.0 EER
Single System and
Package Single
Package
>=760,000 Electric Split System 9.0 EER 6.3 EER
Btu/h resistance and Condensing ≥135,000 11.5 EER 7.8 EER T1- ARI
(or none) Single units, Btu/h 365
Package air cooled T3- ISO
All other Split System 9.0 EER 6.3 EER 5151
and
Single
Package
a) Integrated Part Load Values (IPLVs) and part rating conditions are
Air <65,000 All other Split System 14.0 EER ARI
conditioners, Btu/h and 210/240 only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
water and Single b) Test Procedure (T3) in accordance with ISO5151
evaporatively Package
cooled

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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY PART 3 RESOURCE EFFECTIVENESS: ENERGY

REFERENCE TABLE 19 Continue: REFERENCE TABLE 19

Water Chilling Packages - Minimum Efficiency Requirements Water Chilling Packages - Minimum Efficiency Requirements

Size Category Minimum Minimum Size Category Minimum Minimum

Equipment Type Equipment Type
Efficiency Efficiency Test procedure Efficiency Efficiency Test procedure
(T1) (T3) (T1) (T3)
Air cooled, with All capacities 2.8 COP 1.9 COPT 1- ARI 210/240 Water cooled, <150 tons 6.0 COP ARI 550/590
condenser, 3.05 IPLV electrically
electrically operated, >=150 tons 6.5 COP
operated centrifugal and <300 tons 7.1 IPLV
Air cooled, All capacities 3.1 COP 2.1 COP
without 3.45 IPLV >=300 tons 6.5 COP
condenser, 7.68 IPLV
electrically Air-cooled All capacities 0.7 COP ARI 560
operated absorption
Water cooled, All capacities 4.2 COP 2.75 COP T1 - ARI 550/590 single effect
electrically 5.05 IPLV T3-ISO 5151 Water-cooled All capacities 0.7 COP
operated, absorption
positive single effect
displacement
(reciprocating) Absorption double All capacities 1.1 COP
effect, 1.1 IPLV
indirect-fired
Water cooled, <150 tons 4.45 COP 2.9 COP T1 - ARI 550/590
electrically T3-ISO 5151 Absorption double All capacities 1.2 COP
operated, effect, 1.2 IPLV
>=150 tons 4.9 COP 3.2 COP
positive direct-fired
and <300 tons
displacement
(rotary screw * The chiller equipment requirements applies to all chillers, including
and scroll) >= 300 tons 5.6 COP 3.6 COP where the design leaving fluid temperature is <4.5°C.

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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY PART 3 RESOURCE EFFECTIVENESS: ENERGY

2.2 DEMAND CONTROLLED VENTILATION B. Elevators (lifts) - Elevators (lifts) must be provided with controls to
For all new air conditioned buildings with mechanical ventilation and reduce the energy demand. To meet this requirement, the following
existing building types determined by the Authority, Demand Controlled features must be incorporated in traction drive elevators:
Ventilation (DCV) using a concentration of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), or 1. Use of AC Variable-Voltage and Variable-Frequency (VVVF)
other means to measure occupancy, must be used in spaces larger drives on non-hydraulic elevators.
than one hundred (100) square metres (m2) and having a maximum 2. Energy efficient lighting inside the elevator including controls to
design occupancy density greater than or equal to twenty five (25) turn lights off when the elevator has been inactive for a period
people per hundred meter squares (100m2). The default occupancy of a maximum of five (5) minutes.
density values in ASHRAE 62.2-2007 Table 6.1 should be used when
the actual occupancy is not known.
The CO2 concentration should be kept below eight hundred (800) parts
per million (ppm). 2.4 LIGHTING POWER DENSITY - INTERIOR
An alarm must be triggered if CO2 concentration rises above hundred For new buildings, the average Lighting Power Density for the interior
(1000) ppm. This alarm is to be either automatically monitored by a connected lighting load for specific building types must be no more
central control system, if available, or give a local audible or visual than the watts per square metre of gross floor area given in Table 20.
indication when activated.
For all buildings, including existing with DCV, the CO2 sensors and
systems must be checked and recalibrated as per manufacturer
Table 20 – Interior Lighting Power Density
recommendations but not to exceed twelve (12) months by a contractor
approved by the Authority.
Maximum average Watts per
2.3 ELEVATORS AND ESCALATORS
Building Type square metre (W/m2) across
total building area
For all new buildings:
Commercial/Public: Offices, 10
A. Escalators - Escalators must be fitted with controls to reduce speed Hotels,Resorts, Restaurants
or to stop when no traffic is detected. Escalators shall be designed
Educational Facilities 12
with energy savings features as described below:
1. Reduced speed control: The escalator shall change to a slower Manufacturing Facility 13
speed when no activity has been detected for a period of a
maximum of three (3) minutes. Detection shall be by photocell Retail Outlets, Shopping Malls , 14
Workshop
activation at the top and bottom landing areas.
2. Use on demand: The escalator shall shut down when no activity Warehouses 8
has been detected for a period of a maximum of fifteen (15)
minutes. Use on demand escalators must be designed with
energy efficient soft start technology. The escalator shall Lighting Power Densities for building types not listed in
start automatically when required; the activation shall be by Table 20 should be no greater than those values given in
photocells installed in the top and bottom landing areas. ASHRAE 90.1 Table 9.5.1. or equivalent as approved by DEW

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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY PART 3 RESOURCE EFFECTIVENESS: ENERGY

2.6 LIGHTING CONTROLS

Maximum Watts per square
Building Area metre or linear metre For all new buildings other than villas and industrial buildings:
A. Occupant Lighting Controls must be provided so as to allow lighting
Uncovered parking lots and drives 1.6 W/m² to be switched off when daylight levels are adequate or when
spaces are unoccupied and to allow occupants control over lighting
Walkways less than 3 metres wide 3.3 W/linear metre levels.
B. Common areas which are not regularly occupied, such as corridors
Walkways 3 metres wide or greater 2.2 W/m² and lobbies, should reduce lighting levels to no more than twenty
five percent (25%) of normal when unoccupied.
Outdoor Stairways 10.8 W/m²
C. In offices and education facilities all lighting zones must be fitted
with occupant sensor controls capable of switching the electrical
Main entries 98 W/linear metre of door width
lights on and off, according to occupancy unless lighting is required
for safety purposes.
Other doors 66 W/linear meter of door width
D. In offices, if the average design lighting power density is less than
Open sales areas (including vehicle 5.4 W/m² six (6) Watts per square meter of gross floor area (GFA), the control
sales lots)
requirements of parts C and D of this regulation need not apply.
2.2 W/m² for each illuminated wall E. It is recommended (optional) that, in offices, the artificial lighting in
or surface or 16.4 W/linear metre
Building Facades spaces within six (6) meters in depth from exterior windows must
for each illuminated wall or surface
length be fitted with lighting controls incorporating photocell sensors
Entrances and gatehouse inspection capable of adjusting the level of electric lighting to supplement
stations 13.5 W/m² natural daylight only when required. The combined artificial and
at guarded facilities
daylight must provide an illumination level at the working plane
Drive-up windows at fast food between four hundred (400)and five hundred (500) lux. When there
400 W per drive-through
restaurants
is a hundred percent (100%) daylight, the lux levels may exceed five
hundred (500) lux.

2.7 ELECTRONIC BALLASTS

2.5 LIGHTING POWER DENSITY - EXTERIOR For all new buildings, high frequency electronic ballasts must be used
For all new buildings, the average Lighting Power Density for the with fluorescent lights and metal halide of 150 W and less.
exterior connectedlighting load must be no more than the values given High frequency electronic ballasts must be labelled as conforming to an
in Table 502.05 (1). international standard approved by the DEWA / the Authority.

Lighting Power Densities for exterior areas not listed in Table 502.05 2.8 CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR
(1) should be no greater than those values given in ASHRAE 90.1 Table CONDI TIONING (HVAC) SYSTEMS
9.4.5 or equivalent as approved by DEWA. For all new buildings other than villas, all Heating, Ventilation, and
Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems must be provided with controls to

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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY PART 3 RESOURCE EFFECTIVENESS: ENERGY

guarantee the achievement of energy efficiency in use in accordance 2. Pipes passing through outside or unconditioned spaces must be
with the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air- insulated with the minimum insulation thickness specified in Table
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 90.1, Section 6.4.3.or equivalent as 21.
approved by the Authority /DEWA. Table 21: Minimum insulation thickness for pipes passing through
As a minimum, the following control features must be incorporated: unconditioned spaces
1. Sub-division of systems into separate control zones to correspond
with each area of the building that has a significantly different solar
Temperature of contents (°C)
exposure, or cooling load, or type of use.
2. All separate control zones must be capable of: Steel 10°C 5° C 0° C
pipe
• Independent temperature control; nominal Minimum Insulation thickness (mm)
• Inactivation when the building, or part of building served by the pipe size
(mm) λ= λ= λ= λ= λ= λ=
system, is not occupied.
0.018 0.038 0.018 0.038 0.018 0.038
3. The operation of central plant only when the zone systems require W/mK W/mK W/mK W/mK W/mK W/mK
it.
15 50 30 45 30 45 30
2.9 CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR HOTEL ROOMS 20 60 30 55 30 45 30
For all new hotels, guest rooms must incorporate, in each room, 25 60 40 55 35 55 30
controls systems which are able to turn off the lighting, air conditioning
and power when the room is not occupied. 32 65 40 55 35 55 30
In addition, it is recommended (optional) that each guest room should 40 65 40 60 35 55 30
incorporate control system to enable to turn off the air conditioning
50 70 45 60 40 60 30
when the balcony door / window is kept open.
65 70 45 60 40 60 40
2.10 EXHAUST AIR ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEMS
80 75 45 65 40 60 40
For all new buildings with a requirement of treated outdoor air of over
100 75 45 65 40 70 40
one thousand (1,000) litres per second (l/s), energy recovery systems
must be provided to handle at least fifty percent (50%) of the total 150 90 50 80 45 75 40
exhausted air. The energy recovery systems must have at least seventy 200 90 55 80 45 75 45
percent (70%) sensible load recovery efficiency.
250 100 55 80 55 75 45
2.11 PIPE AND DUCT INSULATION 300+ 100 80 100 75 80 70
For all new buildings, all pipes carrying refrigerant, hot water or chilled
water and ducts, including prefabricated ducts, supplying conditioned
air must be insulated to minimize heat loss and prevent condensation. • λ = thermal conductivity of insulating materials at a mean
1. Pipes and ducts passing through conditioned spaces must be temperature of 10°C.
insulated in accordance with BSI British Standard BS 5422:2009 or
other insulation standards approved by the Authority.

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3. Ducts passing through outside or unconditioned spaces must be Ductwork leakage testing must be carried out by a company approved
insulated with the minimum insulation thickness specified in by the Authority to conduct commissioning of buildings.
Table 22.
2.14 MAINTENANCE OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Table 22 Minimum insulation thickness for pipes passing through
unconditioned spaces For all new and existing air conditioned buildings, the mechanical-
Table 22: Minimum air temperature inside duct (°C) electrical and plumbing systems in buildings must be serviced and
maintained regularly.
Minimum air temperature inside duct (°C) 1. To allow the mechanical services to be maintained, they must be
installed so that adequate access is available to allow regular
15°C 10°C 5° C 0° C
inspection, maintenance and cleaning of the equipment without
Minimum thickness of insulating material (mm) the need to remove or dismantle any building components.
2. The building owner must ensure that a maintenance manual and
λ= λ= λ= λ= λ= λ= λ= λ=
0.018 0.038 0.018 0.038 0.018 0.038 0.018 0.038 schedule is developed for the building based on the instructions
W/mK W/mK W/mK W/mK W/mK W/mK W/mK W/mK for preventative maintenance or service from the manufacturers
or suppliers of equipment or according to the American Society of
• λ = thermal conductivity of insulating materials at a mean Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
temperature of 10° C. 62.1 – 2007 or equivalent as approved by the Authority.
Insulation materials used must meet the requirements of regulation 3. The building owner must enter into a service contract with a
701.01, Thermal and Acoustical Insulation Materials or BS maintenance company approved by the Authority or provide
5422:2009, whichever is the more stringent. evidence that equipment will be properly maintained by competent
All insulation installations must have a suitable vapour barrier and members of their own staff.
protection from Ultra Violet (UV) light. 4. Service records in the form of a service log book including details of
both preventative and corrective maintenance must be kept onsite
2.12 THERMAL STORAGE FOR DISTRICT COOLING and be readily available for inspection by Trakhees.
All new district cooling plants must incorporate a Thermal Energy
3.1 COMMISSIONING OF BUILDING SERVICES – NEW BUILDINGS
Storage (TES) facility with a capacity of, at least, twenty percent (20%)
of the design capacity of the plant. For all new air conditioned buildings, with a cooling load of one (1)
megawatt (MW) or greater, other than villas the commissioning of
2.13 DUCTWORK AIR LEAKAGE air distribution systems, water distribution systems, lighting, central
For all buildings, air ductwork must be designed, built and installed to control and building management systems, refrigeration systems and
ensure that air leakage is minimised. boilers must be carried out before a completion certificate will be
issued.
Ductwork, with equipment attached to it, with an external static pressure
exceeding two hundred and fifty (250) Pascal (Pa) and all ductwork 1. Commissioning must be carried out in accordance with the CIBSE
exposed to external ambient conditions or within unconditioned spaces Codes listed below or any other commissioning Standard or Code
must be pressure tested prior to occupancy in accordance with a method approved by the Authority.
approved by the Authority and a compliant amount of air leakage achieved.

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PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY
1.1. ‘The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE)
Commissioning Code, Air Distribution Systems, Code A-2006’
1.2. ‘CIBSE Commissioning Code, Water Distribution Systems, Code
W-2003’
1.3. ‘CIBSE Commissioning Code, Lighting, Code L-2003’
1.4. ‘CIBSE Commissioning Code, Automatic Controls, Code C-2001’
for central control and Building Management System (BMS);
1.5. ‘CIBSE Commissioning Code R: 2002 Refrigeration Systems; and
1.6. ‘CIBSE Commissioning Code B: 2002 Boilers’.
2. Work must be carried out by a company approved by the Authority
to conduct commissioning of buildings.
3. Commissioning results must be recorded and available for
inspection by Trakhees.
4. A systems manual, documenting the information required to allow
future operations staff to understand and optimally operate the
commissioned services, must be developed and provided to the
building owner or facilities operator following commissioning.
3.2 RE-COMMISSIONING OF BUILDING SERVICES – EXISTING
BUILDINGS
For all existing air conditioned buildings, with a cooling load of two (2)
megawatt (MW) or greater, other than villas the re-commissioning of
ventilation, water systems central plant, lighting and control systems
must be carried out at least once every five (5) years. Where possible
the re-commissioning should be carried out in accordance with the
requirements of Regulation 3.1 but at a minimum , systems are required
to be re-commissioned to ensure that:
1. The amount of fresh air supplied from each ventilation outlet is
within plus or minus five percent (5%) of the design volume;
2. The volume of the chilled water supplied to any cooling coil is with a load of hundred (100) kilowatts (kW) or greater must be sub-
within plus or minus five percent (5%) of the design volume;
3. All mechanical devices, including but not limited to dampers,
valves, fans, pumps, motors and actuators, operate freely and as
required;
4. Filters and filter housings are sound and secure and that no
unfiltered air bypasses the filter assembly;
198
PART 3 RESOURCE EFFECTIVENESS: ENERGY
5. Heat recovery systems are operating as designed with efficiency
not less 70%.
6. Central plant equipment is tested to ensure that it operates through
the full range of its capacity and that all design parameters are
achieved;
7. All lighting systems and their controls operate as designed and that
required levels of illumination are provided;
8. Controls are checked and re-calibrated for operation as designed
and to ensure that any remote devices respond as required; and
9. Pipe and ducts are inspected to ensure there is no air or liquid
leakage.
Commissioning results must be recorded and available for inspection
by Trakhees.
Work must be carried out by a contractor certified by the Authority to
conduct commissioning of building services.
Where original design requirements are not available, the contractor is
to certify that, following re-commissioning, the systems are installed
and operating correctly based on their experience and understanding
of the systems.
3.3 ELECTRICITY METERING
For all new buildings, meters must be fitted to measure and record
electricity demand and consumption of the facility as a whole and to
provide accurate records of consumption,
A. For all buildings with a cooling load of at least one (1) megawatt (MW)
or gross floor area of 5,000 sq.M or greater , additional electrical sub-
metering (of tariff class accuracy) must be installed to record demand
and consumption data for each major energy-consuming system in
the building. At a minimum, all major energy consuming systems
metered.
B. The building operator shall be responsible for recording details of
the energy consumption for the building and ensuring that major
electricity uses are sub-metered. Records must be kept for five years.
199
PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY PART 3 RESOURCE EFFECTIVENESS: ENERGY

C. Each individual tenancy in the building must have a sub-meter
installed when a building tariff meter is not present. These sub-
meters should only be for demand management and electricity cost
allocation purposes.
D. Where a Building Management System (BMS) or Central Control
and Monitoring System (CCMS) is installed, metering must be
connected to allow real-time profiling and management of energy
consumption.
E. All meters must be capable of remote data access and must have
data logging capability and complying with DEWA specifications. All
meters should be approved by DEWA.
F. Virtual meters using run-hours are not acceptable as sub-meters.
3.5 CENTRAL CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEM
For all new buildings with a cooling load of one (1) megawatt (MW)
or gross floor area of 5,000 sq.M or greater, the building must have
a central control and monitoring system capable of ensuring that the
building’s technical systems operate as designed and as required
during all operating conditions, and that the system provides full
control and monitoring of system operations, as well as diagnostic
reporting.
At a minimum, the system must control the chiller plant, heating,
ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment, record energy and
water consumption and monitor and record the performance of these
items.

3.4 AIR CONDITIONING METERING

For all new buildings other than villas, which are supplied by a central
air conditioning source (such as a chiller plant or district cooling), and
where cooling energy is delivered individually to several consumers,
meters must be fitted to measure and record chilled water supply to
air conditioning units and to provide accurate records of consumption:
A. Energy meters designed to measure the supply of chilled water
must be installed for each dwelling unit, office, or tenant. The
measuring device must measure the water flow and supply and
return temperatures to determine the temperature differential and
calculate the amount of cooling energy consumed.
B. Where a Building Management System (BMS) or Central Control
and Monitoring System (CCMS) is installed, metering must be
connected to allow real-time profiling and management of energy
consumption.
C. Meters used must be specifically designed for the measurement of
chilled water rather than for hot water.
Figure 16: Domestic Hot Water
D. All meters must be capable of remote data access and must have
data logging capability.
E. Virtual meters using run-hours are not acceptable as sub-meters.
F. The meter readings and actual consumption details should only be
for demand management and cost allocation purposes.

200 201
PART 3 CONTROL ENERGY PART 3 RESOURCE EFFECTIVENESS: ENERGY

4.1 ON-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY – SMALL TO MEDIUM SCALE

EMBEDDED GENERATORS
For all new buildings:
Where a building incorporates on-site generation of electricity from
small or medium scale embedded generators using renewable energy
sources; the equipment, installation and maintenance of the system
must be stand-alone (off-grid) and therefore not connected to the
Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) network and DEWA will
provide electricity supply to the building when needed without parallel
connection.

4.2 OUTDOOR LIGHTING

For all new buildings:
Where the light power density of external lighting exceeds that specified
in Regulation 2.5, Lighting Power Density – Exterior, any additional
lighting load must be powered entirely through renewable electricity
sources such as photovoltaic systems.

4.3 ON-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY – SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM

For all new villas and labour accommodations, a solar water heating
system must be installed to provide seventy five (75%) of domestic hot
water requirements. Solar water heating installations must be fitted
with insulated storage tanks and pipes, sized and fitted in accordance
with the solar panel manufacturer’s requirements for each specific
application. The supplementary heating system shall be controlled so
as to obtain maximum benefit from the solar heater before operating.
Where solar water heaters are being installed, the equipment,
installation, operation and maintenance of the system must be:
A. Designed and installed by an installation company approved by the
Authority;
B. Equipment must be approved by the Authority; and
C. Regularly cleaned and maintained to ensure continuous efficient
operation.

202 203
 A
Appendix

204 205
Appendix-A
HVAC BUILDING PERMIT, ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS & GENERAL
CONDITION/RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
1) All Electromechanical designs shall be conducted/prepared by spe-
cialized and accredited engineers, specialized and registered MEP
Consultants.
2) (a) After obtaining the building permit, contractor shall submit un-
der full supervision of consultant, the conformity certificates for all
used materials as per the approved thermal load calculations and
designs prior to delivery/use at site.
(b) Consultant shall provide a copy of all approved shop drawings, con-
formity certificates for Trakhees records.
3) It is the consultant’s sole responsibility to ensure that:
(a) All used materials by contractor/subcontractor are in compliance
with approved designs and calculations.
(b) HVAC and electrical works are as per approved drawings and cal-
culations.
(c) Provide all test reports for all materials in relevant to thermal and
electrical systems.
4) Any changes/deviations shall be submitted to Trakhees – CED for
review and approval.
5) Random samples, checks and visits will be conducted during con-
struction time by Trakhees to make sure that all works are complied
with approved designs.
206
HVAC check list/ industrial
1 HVAC designer CV and experience
2 U Value calculations and thermal load calculations
3 Insulation material properties and DCL certificate.
4 glazing thermal properties and certificates
5 noise level and sound attenuation calculations
7 Ventilation design parameters /calculations
8 smoke management parameters/ strategic plan
9 Heat recovery calculations
10 fresh air parameters/ calculations
Confirmation letter for insulation, glazing...thermal components/
11
elements
13 conformity to local orders and circulations
14 conformity to international standards (ASHRAE & SMACNA)
15 A/C devices selection (Three Scenarios)
17 Project brief and summery of thermal load calculations
18 schematic layout of building envelope HVAC system
207
Appendix-A

HVAC BUILDING PERMIT, ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS & GENERAL

CONDITION FOR VILLAS HVAC check list

1. All building permit applications for new buildings and modified 1 HVAC designer CV and experience
buildings shall include; HVAC drawings, calculations and thermal
insulation: 2 Project brief, U Value calculations and thermal load calculations
- Cross sections for all external & internal walls, ceilings & roofs
and floors & connections. 3 glazing thermal properties and certificates
- U-Value calculations as per DM excel sheet.
Confirmation letter for insulation, glazing...thermal components/
2. All design parameters, criteria shall be incompliance with ASHRAF, 4
elements
DCL, DM & Trakhees – CED.
3. All Electromechanical designs shall be conducted/prepared by 5 Heat recovery calculations
specialized and accredited engineers, specialized and registered
MEP Consultants. 6 fresh air parameters/ calculations
4. Consultant shall provide a copy of all approved shop drawings, con-
formity certificates for Trakhees records. 7 supply air , Duct air flow velocity
5. It is the consultant’s sole responsibility to ensure that:
8 UAE- Society of Engineers Membership
(a) All used materials by contractor/subcontractor are in compli-
ance with approved designs and calculations. Solar system and domestic water design parameters and
9
(b) HVAC and electrical works are as per approved drawings and specifications
calculations.
(c) Provide all test reports for all materials in relevant to thermal
and electrical systems.
6. Any changes/deviations shall be submitted to Trakhees – CED for
review and approval.
7. Random samples, checks and visits will be conducted during con-
struction time by Trakhees to make sure that all works are complied
with approved designs

208 209
Appendix-A
HVAC BUILDING PERMIT, ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS & GENERAL
CONDITION/RECOMMENDATIONS- GENERAL
With reference to Dubai Municipality circular No. 77 dated 21/11/2001
& Circular No. 107 dated 2/5/2001, and all other relevant circulars,
standards and regulations, the following documents, drawings, cer-
tificates & calculations should be provided:
1) All building permit applications for new buildings and modified
buildings shall include the thermal load calculations and HVAC de-
sign drawings.
2) Consultant shall submit:
- Thermal load calculations and drawings.
- Relevant electrical load schedules
- Conformity certificate issued from manufacturers and attested
by DCC, DM and/or Trakhees Quality Dept.
3) All new systems shall be attested and accredited by DCL, DM and
Trakhees-Quality Department, from all aspects, architectural , me-
chanical, structural, thermal, plumbing ,.. etc. before the final use
of the new system.
4) All Electromechanical designs shall be conducted/prepared by
specialized and accredited engineers, specialized and registered
MEP Consultants.
5) (a) After obtaining the building permit, contractor shall submit
under full supervision of consultant, the conformity certificates
for all used materials as per the approved thermal load calcula-
tions and designs prior to delivery/use at site.
(b) Consultant shall provide a copy of all approved shop drawings,
conformity certificates for Trakhees records.
6) It is the consultant’s sole responsibility to ensure that:
(a) All used materials by contractor/subcontractor are in compli-
ance with approved designs and calculations.
(b) HVAC and electrical works are as per approved drawings and
calculations.
(c) Provide all test reports for all materials in relevant to thermal
and electrical systems.
210
7) Any changes/deviations shall be submitted to Trakhees – CED for
review and approval.
8) Random samples, checks and visits will be conducted during con-
struction time by Trakhees to make sure that all works are com-
plied with approved designs.
9) Required drawings and documents:
9-1 Initial requirement for thermal load calculations.
Drawing set shall be in the following sequence:
- General information’s.
- NOC’s and Licenses.
- Architectural Drawings.
- HVAC drawings, thermal load calculations & insulation.
- Plumbing drawings & Design.
- Fire fighting & Alarm System approved by Trakhees – F.D
- Electrical drawings & Loads schedule
- Telephone drawings.
- Structural drawings.
9-(2) HVAC drawings, calculations and thermal insulation:
- Cross sections for all external & internal walls, ceilings & roofs
and floors & connections.
- U-Value calculations as per DM excel sheet.
- All design parameters, criteria shall be incompliance with
ASHRAF, DCL, DM & Trakhees – CED.
- It is consultant’s sole responsibility to make sure that all spec-
ified materials are available and successfully experimented
in Dubai weather for at least 5 years.
9-(3) Windows & Doors:
Doors and windows detail drawings shall be submitted for review &
approval included U-Value, coins, glazing types, etc.
9-4) Drawings shall be categorized into the following general sub-
jects:
- HVAC System
- Drainage and Plumbing
- Fire Fighting
211
Appendix-A

- Telephone and Central Antenna 16 pipes, ducts thermal insulation properties

- Elevators and Escalators 17 Duct Sizing and suspension system
- Electrical light and power 18 U Value calculations
9-5) Technical Data drawings and thermal load calculations sum- 19 glazing thermal properties and certificates
mary sheet. 20 insulation material properties
Confirmation letter for insulation, glazing...thermal components/
21
9-6) The following components/devices of chilled water system elements
shall be provided (but not limited to) 22 noise level and sound attenuation calculations
- Pumps 23 conformity to local orders and circulations
- Heating Elements 24 conformity to international standards (ASHRAE & SMACNA)
- Cooling Towers 25 A/C devices selection (Three Scenarios)
- Heat Exchangers 26 thermal load calculations
- Heat Recovery System 27 summery of thermal load calculations
- Outdoor Air Units 28 schematic layout of building envelope HVAC system
- Fan Exhaust System 29 for record and information
- Etc. 30 Yellow code accreditation
31 UAE- Society of Engineers Membership
HVAC check list 32 Solar system calculations and specifications
1 HVAC designer CV and experience
Energy consumption estimation and preservation scenarios/
2 MEP consultant license 33
control
3 Electrical Engineer CV and experience 34 Electric load schematic (For Record)
4 Fire Fighting Engineer CV and experience Impact study (Comparison sheet) for green building
5 Project design brief 35
requirements Vs HVAC systems.
6 HVAC layout quality 36 Any other relevant issues based on the building design intent.
7 Ventilation design parameters /calculations 37 Third party approval and Recommendations.
8 smoke management parameters/ strategic plan 38 Electric load (NOC) DEWA
9 Heat recovery calculations 39 fire fighting, fire alarm systems NOC ( EHS)
10 fresh air parameters/ calculations
11 supply air , Duct air flow velocity Notes:
12 Basements smoke extract parameters and layout 1. The red marked items are for record and information as per DM cir-
13 heat exchangers (LMTD, Ratio, efficiency) culars.
14 chilled waters pumps (design data and performance) 2. Resubmission shall include compliance statement to previous com-
ments a long with supporting documents/ standards. ( where ap-
15 pipe sizing and suspension system
plicable)

212 213
 B
Appendix

214 215
 MEP Systems
Design Guidelines

Appendix-B

Figure No. Figure Title Page No. Table No. Table Title Page No.

Figure 1: Duct-work Distribution 39 Table 1: Recommended HVAC Systems for Various Buildings 40
and Applications
Figure 2: Fresh Air Ventilation 43
Table 2: Average Entrance and Exit Times for Vehicles 40
Figure 3: Design Guidelines for HVAC - related Background Sound 49
Table 3: Predicted CO Emissions in Parking Garages 40
in Rooms
Table 4: The minimum Noise criteria recommended by 48
Figure 4: Plate Heat Exchanger 51 ASHARE standards

Figure 5: Central Drainage & Sewage System 67 Table 5: Cable Colour Codes 125

Figure 6: District Drainage System 68 Table 6: Specifications Of UTP Cables 125

Figure 7: Domestic Water System 77 Table 7: Optical Fibre Cable Technical Specification 129

Figure 8: External Drainage System 78 Table 8: Channel Performance 140

Figure 9: Microclimate and Outdoor Comfort 166 Table 9: Minimum Test to be Performed by Contractor 141

Figure 10: Ventilation and Air Quality 168 Table 10: Typology of Residential / Commercial Buildings 158

Table 11: Typology of Public Buildings 159

Figure 11: Thermal Comfort 174
Table 12: Typology of Industrial Buildings 159
Figure 12: Day Lighting and Visual Comfort 177
Table 15: Indoor Air Quality Compliance - New Buildings 170
Figure 13: Water Quality 178
Table 16: Indoor Air Quality Compliance - Existing Buildings 171
Figure 14: Conservation and Efficiency: Building Fabric 179
Table 17: Acoustical Control Requirements 175
Figure 15: Straight-tube Heat Exchanger 184
Table 18: Minimum Efficiency Requirements 185
Figure 16: Domestic Hot Water 201
Table 19: Water Chilling Packages - Minimum Efficiency 188
Requirements

Table 20: Interior Lighting Power Density 191

Table 21: Minimum insulation thickness for pipes passing through 191
unconditioned spaces

Table 22: Minimum air temperature inside duct (°C) 218

216 217
 MEP Systems MEP Systems
Design Guidelines Design Guidelines

2.1.6.2.4 Design Method Results from EPA MOBILE3, version NYC-2.2 (1984); sea level location.
To determine the design airflow rate required to ventilate an enclosed parking garage, Note: Assumed vehicle speed is 8 km/h.
the following procedure can be followed:
(2) Normalize the peak CO generation rate using the reference value G0 = 26.7
Step 1. Collect the following data: g/(h•m2) and Equation (17). This reference value is based on an actual enclosed
• Number of cars N in operation during peak hour use parking facility (Krarti and Ayari 1998):
• Average CO emission rate E for a typical car, g/h
• Average length of operation and travel time θ for a typical car, s f = 100G/G0 (17)
• Acceptable CO concentration COmax in the garage, ppm
• Total floor area of parking facility Af , m2 Step 3.
Determine the minimum required ventilation rate Q per unit floor area using
Step 2. Evaluate CO generation rate: Figure 14, or the correlation presented by Equation (18), depending on COmax:
(1) Determine the peak CO generation rate per unit floor area G, in g/(h•m2), for
the parking garage: Where
C = 1.204 x 10–6 (m3/s)/(m2/s) for COmax = 15 ppm
G = NE/Af (16) = 0.692 x 10–6 (m3/s)/(m2/s) for COmax = 25 ppm
= 0.481 x 10–6 (m3/s)/(m2/s) for COmax = 35 ppm

Level Average Time, s Entrance Time, s Average Exit

1 35 45
3* 40 50
5 70 10

Table 2 Average Entrance and Exit Times for Vehicles

Source: Stankunas et al. (1980). *Average pass-through time = 30 s.

Season Hot Emission Cold Emission

(Stabilized) g/min
g/min
1991 1996 1991 1996
Summer, 32°C 2.54 1.89 4.27 3.66
Winter, 0°C 3.61 3.38 20.74 18.96

Table 3 Predicted CO Emissions in Parking Garages

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 MEP Systems
Design Guidelines

220 221
ISBN-978 9948-481-02-7