Protadetails 2018 Manual

Page 1 of 2
How to Draw Form Plans
General
Form Plans can be drawn for different scenarios. Unlimited numbers of form plans can be generated with different display options on the same or different drawings.
Navigation
• Structure treeview context menu >> Storeys >> Select any storey >> Right click >> Draw plan view
• Model Details dropdown menu >> Plan views
Options
Show Rebars
X Top Rebars Generates X direction top rebars if slab strips have been placed in ProtaStructure.
X Bottom Rebars Generates X direction bottom rebars if slab strips have been placed in ProtaStructure.
Y Top Rebars Generates Y direction top rebars if slab strips have been placed in ProtaStructure.
Y Bottom Rebars Generates Y direction bottom rebars if slab strips have been placed in ProtaStructure.
Slab Hole/Drop Rebars Generates constructive rebars around slab holes and drops
Show Dimensions
Pad Footing Dimensions Generates dimensions for pad footings in foundation storey form plans
Strip Footing Dimensions Generates dimensions for strip footings in foundation storey form plans
Slab Hole Dimensions Generates dimensions for slab holes
Column Dimensions Generates dimensions for columns
Shearwall Dimensions Generates dimensions for shearwalls
Other Options
http://help.protasoftware.com/en/Help/ShowContentForF1/34 5/5/2018
Page 2 of 2
Hatch Columns Creates hatches in columns
Checked: All of the similar storeys from the selection set are drawn separately
Draw Similars Separately
Unchecked: Similar storeys are drawn only once as a typical form plan. Similar storey labels are noted in the storey label under the detail
Display Column Loads See: How to show column loads on form plan drawings
Checked: Creates form plans on a new drawing

Draw On Separate Files
Unchecked: Creates form plans on the current document. In this case a point on the drawing arena must be shown to place details
Insert To Sheet Generated form plans are inserted on the selected sheets. When this option is checked Sheet combo box will be enabled to pick a sheet for the detail.
Insert Quantity Table A quantity take-off is generated separately for each storey
Page 1 of 4
How to show column loads on form plan drawings
General
Temperature loads, nodal loads, axial loads, shear forces and bending moments of columns can be shown on form plan drawings for the selected load cases and combinations.
Navigation
• Draw Details Dialog >> Form Plan Tab >> Display Column Loads checkbox >> Column Loads Button >> Select loads >> Click "OK"
Page 2 of 4
How to turn on/off the column loads on the drawing once it is generated?
From "Layers" Dialog use "Column Aux Text" to switch column load texts on/off. See below image
Page 3 of 4
See Also:
Draw Details Dialog
Page 4 of 4
Page 1 of 2
Draw Details Dialog
General
Draw Details Dialog is the entry point to generate the detail drawings for selected stories with selected options.
Dialog is composed of 3 parts:
1. Detailing Types ⇒Select the types of the details to be drawn from the left column.
2. Detailing Options ⇒ Select relavant options for each type of detail by highlighting them from the left column
3. Storeys ⇒ Select stories to be generated
Page 2 of 2
Draw On Separate Files
• When checked ⇒ Just click "OK" button to generate all the selected drawings. You do not need to pick a point on the arena to insert drawings. They will be inserted at (0,0) coordinates in each
generated drawing file
• When unchecked ⇒ After clicking "OK" button in the Dialog you will need to pick a point on the arena to insert the generated detail drawings
Insert To Sheet
• When checked ⇒ Sheet field in detailing options will be enabled. In this case select a sheet for each different detail type to be produced by navigating to their options. All details will be fit into
given sheets
• When unchecked ⇒ Details will not be inserted into sheets
See Also:
How to draw form plans
How to generate detail drawings
Page 1 of 3
How to show & hide dimensions for BOB
General
Dimensions of BOBs in beam elevation drawings can be shown depending upon a user setting. This feature enables user to locate and measure the BOB of the rebars inside beam elevation.
Navigation
• Settings >> Beam Settings >> Detailing Tab >> Dimensioning Tab
Page 2 of 3
Below images show the effect of the option
Page 3 of 3
Option Checked Option Unchecked
Page 1 of 4
Editing Rebar Segments

You can edit the segments of any existing rebar in ProtaDetails.
• Segment lengths can be changed. You can choose to shorten the segment by concrete cover amount or you can explicitly specify a value
• New segments can be added using existing boundaries.
To edit a rebar:
• Select the rebar and choose Right Click > Edit. "Insert Rebar" dialog will open in upper-left corner.
• You can add or remove the existing segments by using BACK and FORWARD buttons.
• New segments can be added by selecting boundary edges and picking rebar segment side.
Page 2 of 4
• Click on the BACK button 3 times to delete last 3 segments. You can also use CTRL+Z shortcut.
• To draw the segments back, you can use FORWARD button or CTRL+Y shortcut.
• To add new different segments, set the length parameters on "Insert Rebar" dialog.
• Pick a different boundary edge and then pick the side where the rebar segment will be placed.
Page 3 of 4
• First and last segment lengths can be automatically calculated in accordance with the selected code of practice. Alternatively, you can explicitly set the segment lengths.
• You can draw the first and last segments shorter by an amount of concrete cover.
• Other segment lengths are automatically calculated using the boundary geometry and the scale factor specified by the user.
• Click OK or hit ENTER to finish the operation. The rebar object (which is already previewed during the whole operation) will now be drawn automatically.
• To cancel the operation click CANCEL button or just hit ESC.
• Further editing on the rebar object can be done using the Rebar Properties window or using the Dynamic Rebar Grips shown on the rebar itself.
Page 4 of 4
Page 1 of 2
Basic Concept
In order to properly analyze a laterally loaded pile foundation in soil/rock, a nonlinear relationship needs to be applied that provides soil resistance as a function of pile deflection.
The drawing in Figure 1a shows a cylindrical pile under lateral loading.
Unloaded, there is a uniform distribution of unit stresses normal to the wall of the pile as shown in Figure 1b.
When the pile deflects a distance of y1 at a depth of z1, the distribution of stresses looks similar to Figure 1c with a resisting force of p1: the stresses will have decreased on the backside of the pile
and increased on the front, where some unit stresses contain both normal and shearing components as the displaced soil tries to move around the pile.
Figure 1 Unit stress distribution in a laterally loaded pile
When it comes to this type of analysis, the main parameter to take from the soil is a reaction modulus.
It is defined as the resistance from the soil at a point along the depth of the pile divided by the horizontal deflection of the pile at that point.
Pile Designer defines this reaction modulus (K i) using the secant of the p-y curve, as shown in Figure 2.
p-y curves are developed at specific depths, indicating the soil reaction modulus is both a function of pile deflection (y) and the depth below the ground surface (z).
More information will be given on the p-y curves used in "SOIL MODELS" section.
Page 2 of 2
Figure 2 Generic p-y curve defining soil reaction modulus (K i)
Link to this article
Last updated: 8/12/2017 (2018)
Page 1 of 4
Calculation Method
Governing Differential Equations

The differential equation for a beam-column, as derived by Hetenyi (1946), must be solved for implementation of the p-y method.
The conventional form of the differential equation is given by equation below:
EpIp d4y/dx4 + Px d2y/dx2 + Kiy - W = 0
Where
y = lateral deflection of pile
EpIp = Bending stiffness of pile
Px = Axial load on pile head
Ki = Soil reaction modulus based on p-y curves
W = Distributed load down some length of the pile
Further formulae needed are given by equations below:
a) EpIp d3y/dx3 + Px dy/dx = V
b) EpIp d2y/dx2 = M
c) dy/dx = S
Where
V = Shear in the pile
M = Bending moment of the pile
S = Slope of the curve defined by the axis of the pile
Using a spring-mass model in which springs represent material stiffness, numerical techniques can be employed to conduct the load-deflection analysis (Figure 1).
Page 2 of 4
A moment, shear, axial, and soil movement load are also shown.
Figure 1 Spring mass model used to compute lateral response of loaded pile
Finite Difference Method
Page 3 of 4
The finite difference form of the differential equation formulates it in numerical terms and allows a solution to be achieved by iteration.
This provides the benefit of having the bending stiffness (E pIp) varied down the length of the pile, and the soil reaction (Ki) varied with pile deflection and depth down the pile, required for the p-y
method.
With the method used, the pile is discretized into n segments of length h, as shown in Figure 2.
Nodes along the pile are separated by these segments, which start from 0 at the pile head to n at the pile toe with two imaginary nodes above and below the pile head and toe, respectively. These
imaginary nodes are only used to obtain solutions.
The assumption made that the axial load (P x) is constant with depth is not usually true.
However, in most cases the maximum bending moment occurs at a relatively short distance below the ground surface at a point where the constant value, P x, still holds true.
The value of Px also has little effect on the deflection and bending moment (aside from cases of buckling) and therefore it is concluded that this assumption is generally valid, especially for relatively
small values of Px.
Figure 2 Pile segment discretization into pile elements and soil elements
The imaginary nodes above and below the pile head are used to define boundary conditions.
Five different boundary equations have been derived for the pile head: shear (V), moment (M), slope (S), rotational stiffness (M/S), and deflection (Y).
Page 4 of 4
Since only two equations can be defined at each end of the pile, the engineer has the ability to define the two that best fit the problem.
The two boundary conditions that are employed at the toe of the pile are based on moment and shear.
The case where there is a moment at the pile toe is uncommon and not currently treated by this procedure.
Therefore moment is set to zero at the toe.
Assuming information can be developed that will allow the user to define toe shear stress (V) as a function of pile toe deflection (y), the shear can be defined based on this user defined function.
Error is involved in using this method when there is a change in bending stiffness down the length of the pile (i.e. tapered or plastic piles): The value of E pIp is made to correspond with the central
term for y (ym) in Figure 2.
This error however, is thought to be small.
The assumptions made for lateral loading analysis by solving the differential equation using finite difference method are as follows:
1. The pile is geometrically straight,
2. Eccentric loads are not considered,
3. Transverse deflections of the pile are small,
4. Deflections due to shearing stresses are small.
Link to this article
Last updated: 8/12/2017 (2018)
Page 1 of 10
Soil Models
Soft Clay Model with Free Water (Matlock 1970)

For soft clay model, the following parameters must be entered:
a) Undrained shear strength
b) Submerged unit weight
c) Strain corresponding to one-half the maximum principal stress difference E 50
Some typical values of E50 are given in Table 1 according to undrained shear strength.
Table 1 Recommended values for E 50 for Normally Consolidated Clays
Clay category Average undrained shear strength (kPa) E50

Soft <48 0.020
Medium 48-96 0.010
Stiff 96-192 0.005
The development of the p-y curve for soft clay is presented in Figure 1.
Page 2 of 10
Figure 1 p-y curve for soft clay
pult is calculated using the minimum value given by the equation below.
Page 3 of 10
Stiff Clay Model with Free Water (Reese et al. 1975)

The analysis of stiff clay with free (above) water requires the same inputs as soft clay as well as the value K i with some representative values presented in Table 3.
Typical values of E50 according to undrained shear strength can be found in Table 2.
Table 2 Recommended values for E 50 for overconsolidated Clays
Average undrained shear strength (kPa) 50-100 100-200 200-400

E50 0.007 0.005 0.004
Table 3 Recommended values for K i for overconsolidated Clays
Average undrained shear strength (kPa) 50-100 100-200 200-400

Ki (Static) MN/m 3
135 270 540
Ki (Cyclic) MN/m 3 55 110 540
The development of the p-y curve for submerged stiff clay is presented in Figure 2. A s is a coefficient based on the depth to diameter ratio according to Figure 3, and the variable Ki mentioned
above is used to define the initial straight line portion of the p-y curve.
Page 4 of 10
Figure 2 p-y curve for Stiff Clay with water
pc is calculated using the minimum value given by the equation below.
Page 5 of 10
Figure 3 Constants As and Ac (Reese & Van Impe 2011)
Stiff Clay Model without free water (Welch & Reese 1972)
The input parameters for stiff clay without free water are the same as for soft clay, but the soil unit weight will not be submerged and the value for E 50, should you not have an available stress
strain curve, should be 0.01 or 0.005 as given in Table 2. The larger value is more conservative.
The development of the p-y curve for dry stiff clay is presented in Figure 4.
Page 6 of 10
Figure 4 p-y curve for Stiff Clay without water
pult is calculated using the minimum value given by the equation below.
Sand Model Above and Below Water (Reese et al. 1974)

To achieve a p-y curve for sand, the user must obtain values for the friction angle, soil unit weight (effective unit weight for sand below; and total unit weight for sand above the water table). The
value Ki is also required and some values are given in Table 4 and Table 5.
Table 4 Recommended values for K i for Submerged Sand
Relative Density Loose Medium Dense

Ki (MN/m3) 5.4 16.3 34
Page 7 of 10
Table 5 Recommended values for K i for Sand Above Water Table (Static and Cyclic)
Relative Density Loose Medium Dense

Ki (MN/m3) 6.8 24.4 61
The development of the p-y curve for sand is presented in Figure 5. The variable K i mentioned above is used to define the initial straight line portion of the p-y curve. The soil resistance, pk, and pile
deflection, yk, are calculated from pm, pu, ym, and yu. If yk is greater than yu then the p-y curve is linear from the origin to yu, pu.
Figure 5 p-y curve for Sand
pu and pm are calculated using the minimum value given by ps in the equations below, multiplied by coefficients As and Bs from Figure 6.
Page 8 of 10
Figure 6 Coefficients A and B for Sand Model (Reese & Van Impe 2011)
Sloping Ground and Raking Pile

Pile Design allows the input of a ground slope and a pile raking angle. In order to incorporate this into the analysis, the effective slope angle is calculated from the difference between the pile
batter angle and the ground slope. Sign convention is clockwise positive for both values. This effective slope alters the calculation of the soil resistance for both clay and sand.
CLAY MODEL
If there is an slope in clay, the ultimate soil resistance in FRONT of the pile is mutiplied by the following factor
The ultimate soil resistance at the BACK of the pile is mutiplied by the factor below:
Note: if the effective slope is equal to 0, these sloping factors will be equivalent to 1.0.
Page 9 of 10
SAND MODEL
If there is an slope in sand, the ultimate soil resistance of the pile deflecting down the slope (i.e. Resistance side is set to FRONT) is calculated using the equation below.
If there is an slope in sand, the ultimate soil resistance of the pile deflecting up the slope (i.e. Resistance side is set to BACK) is calculated using the equation below.
Where
Linear Elastic And Linear Elastic Incremental Soil Models

The elastic soil modulus shall be entered in Ki column. The ultimate soil resistance will be calculated based on the equations below:
For linear elastic soil model, pult = Ki * yp
For linear elastic incremental soil model, pult = (Ki + dKi * z)* yp
where
yp = pile lateral deflection
dKi = Incremental of soil elastic modulus with respect to depth
Page 10 of 10
z = soil depth
References
Matlock, H. 1970. Correlations for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay. Proceedings of the II Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, (OTC 1204): 577-594.
Reese, L.C., W.R. Cox & F.D. Koop 1975. Field testing and analysis of laterally loaded piles in stiff clay. Proceedings of the VII Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, 2(OTC 2312):
672-690.
Reese, L.C., W.R. Cox & F.D. Koop 1974. Field testing and analysis of laterally loaded piles in sand. Proceedings of the VI Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, 2(OTC 2080): 473-
485.
Welch, R.C. & L.C. Reese 1972. Laterally loaded behavior of drilled shafts. Research Report 3-5-65-89. Center for Highway Research. University of Texas, Austin.
Link to this Article
Last updated: 8/12/2017 (2018)

Protadetails 2018 Manual

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Protadetails 2018 Manual

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Page 1 of 2

How to Draw Form Plans

• Model Details dropdown menu >> Plan views

Hatch Columns Creates hatches in columns

Checked: Creates form plans on a new drawing

How to show column loads on form plan drawings

Draw Details Dialog

Draw Details Dialog

Dialog is composed of 3 parts:

3. Storeys ⇒ Select stories to be generated

Draw On Separate Files

• When unchecked ⇒ Details will not be inserted into sheets

How to draw form plans

How to generate detail drawings

How to show & hide dimensions for BOB

Below images show the effect of the option

Option Checked Option Unchecked

Editing Rebar Segments

• New segments can be added using existing boundaries.

• To cancel the operation click CANCEL button or just hit ESC.

The drawing in Figure 1a shows a cylindrical pile under lateral loading.

Figure 1 Unit stress distribution in a laterally loaded pile

Figure 2 Generic p-y curve defining soil reaction modulus (K i)

Link to this article

Last updated: 8/12/2017 (2018)

Governing Differential Equations

The conventional form of the differential equation is given by equation below:

EpIp d4y/dx4 + Px d2y/dx2 + Kiy - W = 0

y = lateral deflection of pile

EpIp = Bending stiffness of pile

Px = Axial load on pile head

Ki = Soil reaction modulus based on p-y curves

W = Distributed load down some length of the pile

Further formulae needed are given by equations below:

V = Shear in the pile

M = Bending moment of the pile

S = Slope of the curve defined by the axis of the pile

Finite Difference Method

Therefore moment is set to zero at the toe.

This error however, is thought to be small.

Link to this article

Last updated: 8/12/2017 (2018)

Soft Clay Model with Free Water (Matlock 1970)

a) Undrained shear strength

b) Submerged unit weight

c) Strain corresponding to one-half the maximum principal stress difference E 50

Table 1 Recommended values for E 50 for Normally Consolidated Clays

Clay category Average undrained shear strength (kPa) E50

Figure 1 p-y curve for soft clay

pult is calculated using the minimum value given by the equation below.

Stiff Clay Model with Free Water (Reese et al. 1975)

Typical values of E50 according to undrained shear strength can be found in Table 2.

Table 2 Recommended values for E 50 for overconsolidated Clays

Average undrained shear strength (kPa) 50-100 100-200 200-400

Table 3 Recommended values for K i for overconsolidated Clays

Average undrained shear strength (kPa) 50-100 100-200 200-400

Figure 2 p-y curve for Stiff Clay with water

pc is calculated using the minimum value given by the equation below.

Figure 3 Constants As and Ac (Reese & Van Impe 2011)

Figure 4 p-y curve for Stiff Clay without water

pult is calculated using the minimum value given by the equation below.

Sand Model Above and Below Water (Reese et al. 1974)

Table 4 Recommended values for K i for Submerged Sand