英语 2018 年高三上海市第二次模拟试题

英语
考试时间：____分钟
题型 填空题 单选题 总分

得分

填空题 （本大题共 7 小题，每小题____分，共____分。）

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the
passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,
fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

On paper alone you would never guess that I grew up poor and
hungry.These years my (21)____(recent) annual salary was over $700,000.I am a
Truam National Security Fellow and a term member at the Council on Foreign
Relations. My publisher has just released my latest book series on quantitative
finance in worldwide distribution.

(22) ____of it feels like enough.I feel(23)____I am

wired(极度紧张的)for a permanent salary of fight or flight,waiting for the
other shoe to drop, or the metaphorical week when I don’t eat.I’ve chosen not
to have children, partly because(24)____any success-I still don’t feel I have
a safety net.I have a huge minimum checking account balance in mind before I
would ever consider having chidren If you knew me personally,you(25)____ get
glimpses of stress, self-doubt,anxiety,and depression.

In my childhood,I spent a lot of my time (26)____pondering

basic questions. Where will my next meal come from?Will have electricity
tomorrow?I (27)____(acquaint) with the embarrassment of my mom trying to hide
our food stamps at the grocery store checkout.Iremember panic setting in as
early as age 8,at the prospect of a perpetual uncertainty about everything in
life, from food to clothes to education.I knew that the life I was living
couldn’t be normal.I just wasn’t sure(28)____it was that wrong with the tiny
microcosm I was borninto.

As an adult I thought I’d figured that out.I’d always thought

my upbringing had made me wary and cautious, in a “lessons learned”kind of
way.Over the past dacades, though,that marrative(29) ____(evolve). We’ve
learned that stresses（30）____（associate）with poverty have the potential to
change our biology in ways we hadn’t imagined.It can reduce the surface area
of your brain,shorten your telomeres and lifespan,increase your chances of
obesity,and make you more likely to take outsized risks.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each
word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A.magnet B.scheduled

C.ideal D.forward

E.touring F.envisioned

G.architecture H.dramatic

I.physical J.tentatively

K.headquarters

Dream Works Animation Bringing Broadway to Shanghai

Dream Works Animation chief Jeffrey Katzenberg’s quest to

build what he hopes will be China’s answer to New York’s Broadway has taken a
big step____.

Construction workers have begun work on the foundation of a 13-

level tower that will be the new ____of Oriental Dream Works and linked to a
large to a large,X-shaped IMAX cinema complex via a pathway____as an extended
red carpet.

The waterfront development is____to open in late 2017 on a

choice parcel south of Shanghai’s historic Bund district.

The Oriental Dream Works movie studio will have room for 500-
plus animators,up from the company’s current 250 employees,and will be at the
____heart of the complex.

Situated on the grounds of a shuttered cement factory, the

complex will have five major live performance venues with 8,500 seats in
total,including a 3.000-seat facility houses in a dome where cement was once
mixed.In addition to hosting international touring productions of musicals and
dramas,the Dream Center is visualized as a____for pop, rock and jazz concerts;
sporting events such as mixed material arts and motorbike racing;fashion shows
and awards ceremonies;and conferences,art fairs and____exhibitions.

Planning is also underway for a Lego Discovery Center and an

attraction____called the Kung Fu Panda Experience.The complex is designed by
New York____film Kohn Pedersen Fox.Associates,which is behind the massive
Hudson Yards redevelopment project on Manhattan’s West Side.
 The IMAX theater,meanwhile, will have eight to nine screens and
presumably be the ____venue to host premiers of productions form Oriental Dream
Works----though it won’t be ready in time for the studio’s first effort,”
Kung Fu Panda3”,scheduled for release in January.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or
phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that
best fits the context.

When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the

moon,their cargo included nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil,which were
packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to maintain the ____surface’s
low-pressure environment.But back at Johnson Spance Center,in
Houston,scientists discovered that the seals had been____—by moon dust.

Lunar dust is fine,like a powder,____it cuts like glass.It’s

formed when meteoroids crash on the moon’s surface,heating rocks and
dirt____them to fine particles.Since there’s no wind or water to
smooth____edges,the tiny grains are sharp and sharp and jagged,and cling to
nearly everything.

“The invasive____of lunar dust represents a more challenging

engineering design issue,as well as a____issure for settlers,than does
radiation,”wrote Harrison(Jack) Schmitt,an Apollo 17 astronaut,in his 2006
book,”Return to the Moon.” The dust sullied spacesuits and ate away layers of
moon boots.Over the____of six Apollo missions, not one rock box ____its
vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts back into their ships,too.According
to Schmit,it smelled like gunpowder,where particles are bound to the moon by
gravity,but are so sparse that they____collide.In the nineteen-sixties,Surveyor
probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during
sunrise.Later,Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan,while orbiting the moon,recorded
a ____phenomenon at the sharp line where lunar day meets night,called the
terminator.Cernan____a series of pictures illustrating the changing
dustscape;streams of particles popped____the ground and levitatel,and the
resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts’ orbiter approached
daylight. ____there’s no wind to form and sustain the clouds,their origin is
something of a mystery.It’s presumed that they’re made of dust,but no one
fully understands how or why they do their thing.

41. A.solar B.nar

C.dusty D.mysterious

42. A.destroyed B.stained

C.changed D.redesigned
43. A.because B.however

C.but D.so

44. A.adapting B.reducing

C.tailoring D.shaping

45. A.soft B.hard

C.rough D.flat

46. A.nature B.speed

C.degree D.troops

47. A.intelligence B.health

C.fund D.future

48. A.moment B.situation

C.course D.program

49. A.installed B.lost

C.found D.maintained

50. A.coats B.affects

C.protects D.crusts

51. A.frequently B.violently

C.gently D.rarely

52. A.strange B.similar

C.common D.different

53. A.sketched B.described

C.received D.copied

54. A.out B.in

C.off D.down

55. A.Although B.Wherever

 C.Unless D.Since

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper
sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there
are two more sentences than you need.

A.Thewriter’s festival is more than an event celebrating authors,it

also celebratesthe power of literature and the power of you,the reader.

B.Storieshave been around since time began.

C.But heargued sexual pleasure is too fleeting and betrayal too

common,and while friendship was better italways ended with death.

D.A 2013study found reading literary fiction can help you become more
empathetic.

E.It isno coincidence that Apollo was the god of medicine as well as
poetry.

F.They remind us of the university and timelessness ofemotions,helping

us better understand our own.

The understanding that literature can comfort,console and heal

has been around since the second millennium Bc,____.

As a bibliotherapist,I’m internsted in the therapeutic value

stories have to offer us,particularly during times of stress.Here the intent
around reading is different;the value of the story lies solely in our emotional
response to it.

One of the greatest arguments for using literature as therapy

was posited by the Renaissance essayist Michel de Montaigne,who believed there
were three possible cures for loneliness:have a lover,have friends and read
books.____.Therefore,the only therapy that could endure through life was the
companionship of literature.

Why were the ancient Greeks and Romans right to suppose

literature heals the soul?Why did Montaigne trust we could endure loneliness
through a lifelong relationship with books?Why,despites all the distractions of
modern life,do books still get published and writers’festival events get sold
out?The answer lies in the power of stories.

____.They tell us what it is to be human,give us a context for

the past and aninsight towards the future.A narrator’s voice replaces our
stressed,internal monologue and takes us out of our life and into the world of
a story.Paradoxically,we think we are escaping ourselver but the best stories
take us back deeper into our interior worlds.Freud,who believed the “reading
cure” came before the “talding cure”,once wrote that wherever he want he
discovered a poet had been there before.It is difficult to access emotional
language and this is why we have writes,____

What stories have shaped you?It’s a question reflecting on,as

this shaping is often subconscious.The act of making it conscious will allow
your future reading to perhaps have a different intent;you will be “reading”
your life from now on,allowing you to live it more fully and better understand
it.

IV. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main
point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as
possible.

Learn from mistakes

The best way to learn something is to make mistakes

first.Thomas Edison.who invented the light bulb,told his colleagues:”Of the
200 light bulbs that didn’t work,every failure told me something I was able to
incorporate into the next attempt.” Benjamin Franklin, the US statesman and
statesman and scientist once said:”I haven’t failed.I have had 10,000 ideas
that didn’t work.”

Both these people understood that failures and false starts are
the condition of success.In fact, a surprising number of everyday bojects had
their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding.Post0-it-notes,packets of
crisps and even bread are all unexpected inventions.In 2600 BC, a tired
Egyptian slave invented bread when the dough rose during his sleep.And crisps
were first cooked by a chief in the USA when a customer complained that his
fried potatoes were not thin enough.

In 1958 Spencer Silver was trying to develop a strong adhesive

when he accidentally invented a very weak glue instead.His colleague,Art
Fry,decided to use it six years later,in 1974,to hold his bookmarks in his
books and the post-it note was invented.

Successful businesspeople have often made big,expensive

mistakes in their past.When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the
company $600,000,Thomos Watson,the chairman,was asked if he would fire the man.”
Of course not,”he replied.”I have just spent $600,000 training him.I am not
going to let another company benefit from experience.”

The important thing to remember is that you need to learn fromr

your mistakes.If you don’t,then there is no sense in making them.”

I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words
given in the brackets.

72.你怎么能指望在合作的过程中依靠一个言而无信的人？(expect)

73.只有在自然灾害发生的时候，人们才会真正了解到大自然的威力。（Only）

74.尽管许多西方国家在过去的十年采用了多种政策来鼓励人们生儿育女，但至今
见效甚微。（effect）

75.经济学家在上个月的杂志中提醒消费者：“便宜没好货”这句中国谚语并不适
用多有国内的工业品。（apply）

II.Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the

instructions given below in Chinese.

明启中学下周将举办校运会，假如你是高三（1）班的班长李明，计划带
领本班志愿者服务队为参赛选手和观众提供一项志愿者服务。请起草一份倡议书，向全班
同学说明你的计划，倡议书的内容如下：

1.高三（1）班志愿者服务的具体工作内容和人员安排；

2.提供该项志愿者服务的理由。

单选题 （本大题共 11 小题，每小题____分，共____分。）

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by

several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the
information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

After my pubic lectures on evolution, someonein the audience

asks, “Are we still evolving?” People want to know if humans are getting
taller, smarter,better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but
disappointing: We’realmost certainly evolving, but we don’ t know in what
direction or how fast.

We’ve seen some evolution in our speciesover the past few

millennia(千年), but it was detected byreconstructing history from DNA
sequences. For example, we know that during thepast 10,000 years, several
populations of humans — those keeping sheep, cows orgoats for milk— gained
the ability to digest dairy products. This trait wasuseless in our earlier
ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk.And in the past 3,000
years, Tibetans have acquired genetic adaptations thatallowed them to develop
well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But thesewell-documented changes
are limited to particular populations, so the evidencefor recent evolution of
our entire species, remains not much.

The authors of “Evolving Ourselves”disagree. Not only, they

claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we’redoing it to ourselves. Juan
Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans havecontrolled evolution — not
just in our own species but virtually in allspecies: “For better or worse, we
are increasingly in charge. We are theprimary drivers of change. We will
directly and indirectly determine whatlives, what dies, where, and when. We are
in a different phase of evolution:the future of life is now in our hands.”

According to the authors, we’ve replacednatural selection with

what they call “unnatural selection.” Overfishing, forexample, has reduced
the average size of many fish species, for taking thebiggest fish selects in
favor of those that reproduce when younger and smaller.

Yet while there’s no doubt that we’rechanging the planet, the

claim that we’re completely changing evolution on theplanet does not follow.
Let’s take those fish that are evolving to reproducesmaller and younger. This
phenomenon has been documented in many species thatwe eat, but this is just a
minuscule fraction(极小的一部分) of the30,000 known species of fish.

The authors speak with unwarrantedassurance about how our species

is evolving in response to nearly everything.When they assert, for example, our
ingestion(摄取) of drugsand exposure to chemicals mean that “our children’ s
brains are evolving fast,”they are overplaying their hand and abusing the word
“evolution.” Outchildren’s brains may be changing fast in response to the
new pharmacological(药理学的)environment,but change alone is not evolution.

The two examples in Paragraph 2 are given to_________.

A. show in what direction humans evolve

B. explain the importance of DNA sequences

C. illustrate the evidence for evolution of our entire species is insufficient

D. demonstrate how slow humans have evolved over the past few millennia

(A)

After my pubic lectures on evolution, someonein the audience

asks, “Are we still evolving?” People want to know if humans are getting
taller, smarter,better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but
disappointing: We’realmost certainly evolving, but we don’ t know in what
direction or how fast.
 We’ve seen some evolution in our speciesover the past few
millennia(千年), but it was detected byreconstructing history from DNA
sequences. For example, we know that during thepast 10,000 years, several
populations of humans — those keeping sheep, cows orgoats for milk— gained
the ability to digest dairy products. This trait wasuseless in our earlier
ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk.And in the past 3,000
years, Tibetans have acquired genetic adaptations thatallowed them to develop
well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But thesewell-documented changes
are limited to particular populations, so the evidencefor recent evolution of
our entire species, remains not much.

The authors of “Evolving Ourselves”disagree. Not only, they

claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we’redoing it to ourselves. Juan
Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans havecontrolled evolution — not
just in our own species but virtually in allspecies: “For better or worse, we
are increasingly in charge. We are theprimary drivers of change. We will
directly and indirectly determine whatlives, what dies, where, and when. We are
in a different phase of evolution:the future of life is now in our hands.”

According to the authors, we’ve replacednatural selection with

what they call “unnatural selection.” Overfishing, forexample, has reduced
the average size of many fish species, for taking thebiggest fish selects in
favor of those that reproduce when younger and smaller.

Yet while there’s no doubt that we’rechanging the planet, the

claim that we’re completely changing evolution on theplanet does not follow.
Let’s take those fish that are evolving to reproducesmaller and younger. This
phenomenon has been documented in many species thatwe eat, but this is just a
minuscule fraction(极小的一部分) of the30,000 known species of fish.

The authors speak with unwarrantedassurance about how our species

is evolving in response to nearly everything.When they assert, for example, our
ingestion(摄取) of drugsand exposure to chemicals mean that “our children’ s
brains are evolving fast,”they are overplaying their hand and abusing the word
“evolution.” Outchildren’s brains may be changing fast in response to the
new pharmacological(药理学的)environment,but change alone is not evolution.

The authors of “Evolving Ourselves” claim that________.

A. humans dominate the future of other life

B. fish become smaller because of natural selection

C. humans are to blame for changing the planet for the worse

D. the boundary between natural selection and unnatural selection is unfixed

(A)
 After my pubic lectures on evolution, someonein the audience
asks, “Are we still evolving?” People want to know if humans are getting
taller, smarter,better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but
disappointing: We’realmost certainly evolving, but we don’ t know in what
direction or how fast.

We’ve seen some evolution in our speciesover the past few

millennia(千年), but it was detected byreconstructing history from DNA
sequences. For example, we know that during thepast 10,000 years, several
populations of humans — those keeping sheep, cows orgoats for milk— gained
the ability to digest dairy products. This trait wasuseless in our earlier
ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk.And in the past 3,000
years, Tibetans have acquired genetic adaptations thatallowed them to develop
well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But thesewell-documented changes
are limited to particular populations, so the evidencefor recent evolution of
our entire species, remains not much.

The authors of “Evolving Ourselves”disagree. Not only, they

claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we’redoing it to ourselves. Juan
Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans havecontrolled evolution — not
just in our own species but virtually in allspecies: “For better or worse, we
are increasingly in charge. We are theprimary drivers of change. We will
directly and indirectly determine whatlives, what dies, where, and when. We are
in a different phase of evolution:the future of life is now in our hands.”

According to the authors, we’ve replacednatural selection with

what they call “unnatural selection.” Overfishing, forexample, has reduced
the average size of many fish species, for taking thebiggest fish selects in
favor of those that reproduce when younger and smaller.

Yet while there’s no doubt that we’rechanging the planet, the

claim that we’re completely changing evolution on theplanet does not follow.
Let’s take those fish that are evolving to reproducesmaller and younger. This
phenomenon has been documented in many species thatwe eat, but this is just a
minuscule fraction(极小的一部分) of the30,000 known species of fish.

The authors speak with unwarrantedassurance about how our species

is evolving in response to nearly everything.When they assert, for example, our
ingestion(摄取) of drugsand exposure to chemicals mean that “our children’ s
brains are evolving fast,”they are overplaying their hand and abusing the word
“evolution.” Outchildren’s brains may be changing fast in response to the
new pharmacological(药理学的)environment,but change alone is not evolution.

What is the major question discussed in the passage?

A. Are humans still evolving?

B. Is unnatural selection powerful?

C. Are humans the main driver of evolution?

D. Does evolution require many genetic changes?

(B)

America’s businesses aregetting older and fatter, while many

new businesses are dying in infancy.

Astudy last month by the Brookings Institution found that the

proportion ofolder firms has grown steadily over several decades, while the
survival rate ofnew companies has fallen. In addition, young people are
starting companies at asharply lower rate than in the past.

A newreport from the National Association of Manufacturers shows

a major cause: Thecost of obeying government regulations hasrisen to more than
$2 trillion (12.26 trillion yuan) annually, or 12 percent ofthe GDP, and this
cost falls disproportionately on smaller, newer businesses.

It’s risky, difficult andexpensive to start a business, and

getting more so. Governments are imposingvarious new rules on a seemingly daily
basis: health insurance, minimum wageincreases and, most recently in California,
compulsory paid sick days for evenhourly employees. These regulations shift
huge social welfare costs directlyonto often-struggling small businesses, while
being proportionally much lesscostly for larger companies.

This is partly an unintended issue of resources—established

companies can cope withnew costs more easily—but it’s also deliberate. For
instance, big insurancecompanies got a seat at the table to help write
Obamacare, but less politicallypowerful firms—like medical device
manufacturers—got squeezed.

Mature,successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with

connections, distributecampaign contributions and even write regulations for
themselves. They are alsomore likely to want to protect steady revenue streams
than revolutionize theirindustry.

Majorcompanies that have been so ill-managed they would otherwise

collapse—airlines,car companies and banks—stagger（蹒跚）on because
politicians ride to the rescue withbags of taxpayer money.

Thegenius of our unique system of government is the

determination to protect anddefend the rights of the individual over the rights
of the nation. As such, therise of a well-connected oligarchy（寡头政治）that
protects big business atthe expense of small business, and the established over
the new, is opposite toAmerican ideals.

Incomeinequality—which is directly caused by faulty government

policy—is beingpromoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. But
let’s beperfectly clear, we do not have a free market but one where government
pickswinners and losers through regulations and financial aids.
 Politics is, and always hasbeen, about balancing competing
interests seeking to benefit themselves, andthat’s as it should be, but the
force of government should never be used toreduce competition, kill innovation
or support and extend artificial monopolies（垄断）by harming the consumer,
thetaxpayer and the economy. Policy must breed our new and small businesses or
seethe as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die
ininfancy.

We can learn from the passage that ______________.

A. over several decades, new companies have grown steadily.

B. mature, successful corporations prefer to maintain their stable incomes.

C. less politically powerful firms also have their voice in making regulations.

D. the cost of obeying government regulations falls equally on all businesses.

(B)

America’s businesses aregetting older and fatter, while many

new businesses are dying in infancy.

Astudy last month by the Brookings Institution found that the

proportion ofolder firms has grown steadily over several decades, while the
survival rate ofnew companies has fallen. In addition, young people are
starting companies at asharply lower rate than in the past.

A newreport from the National Association of Manufacturers

shows a major cause: Thecost of obeying government regulations hasrisen to
more than $2 trillion (12.26 trillion yuan) annually, or 12 percent ofthe GDP,
and this cost falls disproportionately on smaller, newer businesses.

It’s risky, difficult andexpensive to start a business, and

getting more so. Governments are imposingvarious new rules on a seemingly daily
basis: health insurance, minimum wageincreases and, most recently in California,
compulsory paid sick days for evenhourly employees. These regulations shift
huge social welfare costs directlyonto often-struggling small businesses, while
being proportionally much lesscostly for larger companies.

This is partly an unintended issue of resources—established

companies can cope withnew costs more easily—but it’s also deliberate. For
instance, big insurancecompanies got a seat at the table to help write
Obamacare, but less politicallypowerful firms—like medical device
manufacturers—got squeezed.

Mature,successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with

connections, distributecampaign contributions and even write regulations for
themselves. They are alsomore likely to want to protect steady revenue streams
than revolutionize theirindustry.
 Majorcompanies that have been so ill-managed they would otherwise
collapse—airlines,car companies and banks—stagger（蹒跚）on because
politicians ride to the rescue withbags of taxpayer money.

Thegenius of our unique system of government is the

determination to protect anddefend the rights of the individual over the rights
of the nation. As such, therise of a well-connected oligarchy（寡头政治）that
protects big business atthe expense of small business, and the established over
the new, is opposite toAmerican ideals.

Incomeinequality—which is directly caused by faulty government

policy—is beingpromoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. But
let’s beperfectly clear, we do not have a free market but one where government
pickswinners and losers through regulations and financial aids.

Politics is, and always hasbeen, about balancing competing

interests seeking to benefit themselves, andthat’s as it should be, but the
force of government should never be used toreduce competition, kill innovation
or support and extend artificial monopolies（垄断）by harming the consumer,
thetaxpayer and the economy. Policy must breed our new and small businesses or
seethe as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die
ininfancy.

We can infer from the last three paragraphs that ____________.

A. the rise of a well-connected oligarchy is contrary to American ideals

B. the state economy may depend on those innovative businesses

C. income inequality is what the government should take action to resolve

D. the government picks winners and losers through the law of free market

(B)

America’s businesses aregetting older and fatter, while many

new businesses are dying in infancy.

Astudy last month by the Brookings Institution found that the

proportion ofolder firms has grown steadily over several decades, while the
survival rate ofnew companies has fallen. In addition, young people are
starting companies at asharply lower rate than in the past.

A newreport from the National Association of Manufacturers

shows a major cause: Thecost of obeying government regulations hasrisen to
more than $2 trillion (12.26 trillion yuan) annually, or 12 percent ofthe GDP,
and this cost falls disproportionately on smaller, newer businesses.

It’s risky, difficult andexpensive to start a business, and

getting more so. Governments are imposingvarious new rules on a seemingly daily
basis: health insurance, minimum wageincreases and, most recently in California,
compulsory paid sick days for evenhourly employees. These regulations shift
huge social welfare costs directlyonto often-struggling small businesses, while
being proportionally much lesscostly for larger companies.

This is partly an unintended issue of resources—established

companies can cope withnew costs more easily—but it’s also deliberate. For
instance, big insurancecompanies got a seat at the table to help write
Obamacare, but less politicallypowerful firms—like medical device
manufacturers—got squeezed.

Mature,successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with

connections, distributecampaign contributions and even write regulations for
themselves. They are alsomore likely to want to protect steady revenue streams
than revolutionize theirindustry.

Majorcompanies that have been so ill-managed they would otherwise

collapse—airlines,car companies and banks—stagger（蹒跚）on because
politicians ride to the rescue withbags of taxpayer money.

Thegenius of our unique system of government is the

determination to protect anddefend the rights of the individual over the rights
of the nation. As such, therise of a well-connected oligarchy（寡头政治）that
protects big business atthe expense of small business, and the established over
the new, is opposite toAmerican ideals.

Incomeinequality—which is directly caused by faulty government

policy—is beingpromoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. But
let’s beperfectly clear, we do not have a free market but one where government
pickswinners and losers through regulations and financial aids.

Politics is, and always hasbeen, about balancing competing

interests seeking to benefit themselves, andthat’s as it should be, but the
force of government should never be used toreduce competition, kill innovation
or support and extend artificial monopolies（垄断）by harming the consumer,
thetaxpayer and the economy. Policy must breed our new and small businesses or
seethe as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die
ininfancy.

It can be concluded from the passage that ______________.

A. larger and older firms have a command of resources of various aspects

B. most of the ex-lawmakers work in mature, successful corporations

C. politicians like providing financial aids to the companies of worse

operation

D. big insurance companies have better relationship with Obama

 (B)

America’s businesses aregetting older and fatter, while many

new businesses are dying in infancy.

Astudy last month by the Brookings Institution found that the

proportion ofolder firms has grown steadily over several decades, while the
survival rate ofnew companies has fallen. In addition, young people are
starting companies at asharply lower rate than in the past.

A newreport from the National Association of Manufacturers

shows a major cause: Thecost of obeying government regulations hasrisen to
more than $2 trillion (12.26 trillion yuan) annually, or 12 percent ofthe GDP,
and this cost falls disproportionately on smaller, newer businesses.

It’s risky, difficult andexpensive to start a business, and

getting more so. Governments are imposingvarious new rules on a seemingly daily
basis: health insurance, minimum wageincreases and, most recently in California,
compulsory paid sick days for evenhourly employees. These regulations shift
huge social welfare costs directlyonto often-struggling small businesses, while
being proportionally much lesscostly for larger companies.

This is partly an unintended issue of resources—established

companies can cope withnew costs more easily—but it’s also deliberate. For
instance, big insurancecompanies got a seat at the table to help write
Obamacare, but less politicallypowerful firms—like medical device
manufacturers—got squeezed.

Mature,successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with

connections, distributecampaign contributions and even write regulations for
themselves. They are alsomore likely to want to protect steady revenue streams
than revolutionize theirindustry.

Majorcompanies that have been so ill-managed they would otherwise

collapse—airlines,car companies and banks—stagger（蹒跚）on because
politicians ride to the rescue withbags of taxpayer money.

Thegenius of our unique system of government is the

determination to protect anddefend the rights of the individual over the rights
of the nation. As such, therise of a well-connected oligarchy（寡头政治）that
protects big business atthe expense of small business, and the established over
the new, is opposite toAmerican ideals.

Incomeinequality—which is directly caused by faulty government

policy—is beingpromoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. But
let’s beperfectly clear, we do not have a free market but one where government
pickswinners and losers through regulations and financial aids.

Politics is, and always hasbeen, about balancing competing

interests seeking to benefit themselves, andthat’s as it should be, but the
force of government should never be used toreduce competition, kill innovation
or support and extend artificial monopolies（垄断）by harming the consumer,
thetaxpayer and the economy. Policy must breed our new and small businesses or
seethe as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die
ininfancy.

As to the development of smaller businesses, the writer is ______________.

A. contented

B. confident

C. concerned

D. convinced

(C)

Witha large part of the world's population living close to the

oceans, rising sealevels bring the potential for destructive (破坏性
的)results.But scientists are still unable to make predictions exact enough for
people toplan to handle the loss of land and the threat to coastal communities
expectedover this century.

“Weknow sea level is going to rise, but how much, and how fast,
and where, wereally still don’t know," said Josh Willis, a climate scientist.

Theocean isn't like water in a bathtub. It doesn’t riseall the

same as more water pours in. As global warming raises sea levels, someplaces
are expected to see higher-than-average increases, and a few places, mayeven
see decreases.

It’sreported that over the course of this century, sea levels

will rise between 8inches and 6.6 feet around the planet. Scientists know this
increase will bedriven by the expansion of water as it warms—warmer water
takes up morespace—and the melting of ice. But the effects of warming water
and melting iceon sea-level rise are expected to vary from area to area. And
the melting ofice of the Antarctic and Greenland presents the largest
uncertainty for thefuture, but air, land and water also play roles in changes
to sea level. Forexample, sea level near the ice getting melt actually
decreases, because theground under the melting ice rises as the heavy ice
disappears.

Climatechange is expected to change ocean currents and the

winds that help drive oceancurrents. These changes will affect the distribution
of heat within the oceans,and, as a result, affect changes in sea level.

Nowadays,scientists use two types of models to make predictions

about the future of sealevels, but the two don’t agree. If scientists can't
accurately predictsea-level increase for the coming years, the least we can do
is measure what ishappening today with the help of the satellite, Jason-2, but
it’s reaching theend of its operational life.

The first paragraph implies that_______ .

A. coastal cities are easily affected by the rising sea levels

B. people living in coastal communities have to move

C. scientists have ways to handle the rising sea levels

D. the rising sea levels mainly happens near the coast

(C)

Witha large part of the world's population living close to the

oceans, rising sealevels bring the potential for destructive (破坏性
的)results.But scientists are still unable to make predictions exact enough for
people toplan to handle the loss of land and the threat to coastal communities
expectedover this century.

“Weknow sea level is going to rise, but how much, and how fast,
and where, wereally still don’t know," said Josh Willis, a climate scientist.

Theocean isn't like water in a bathtub. It doesn’t riseall

the same as more water pours in. As global warming raises sea levels,
someplaces are expected to see higher-than-average increases, and a few places,
mayeven see decreases.

It’sreported that over the course of this century, sea levels

will rise between 8inches and 6.6 feet around the planet. Scientists know this
increase will bedriven by the expansion of water as it warms—warmer water
takes up morespace—and the melting of ice. But the effects of warming water
and melting iceon sea-level rise are expected to vary from area to area. And
the melting ofice of the Antarctic and Greenland presents the largest
uncertainty for thefuture, but air, land and water also play roles in changes
to sea level. Forexample, sea level near the ice getting melt actually
decreases, because theground under the melting ice rises as the heavy ice
disappears.

Climatechange is expected to change ocean currents and the

winds that help drive oceancurrents. These changes will affect the distribution
of heat within the oceans,and, as a result, affect changes in sea level.

Nowadays,scientists use two types of models to make predictions

about the future of sealevels, but the two don’t agree. If scientists can't
accurately predictsea-level increase for the coming years, the least we can do
is measure what ishappening today with the help of the satellite, Jason-2, but
it’s reaching theend of its operational life.
What does the writer mean by saying "The ocean isn’t like water in a bathtub"
in the third paragraph?

A. There is too much water for us to control.

B. The ocean can be easily controlled.

C. The ocean isn’t equal to a bathtub in size.

D. The rising sea level is hard to tell.

(C)

Witha large part of the world's population living close to the

oceans, rising sealevels bring the potential for destructive (破坏性
的)results.But scientists are still unable to make predictions exact enough for
people toplan to handle the loss of land and the threat to coastal communities
expectedover this century.

“Weknow sea level is going to rise, but how much, and how fast,
and where, wereally still don’t know," said Josh Willis, a climate scientist.

Theocean isn't like water in a bathtub. It doesn’t riseall

the same as more water pours in. As global warming raises sea levels,
someplaces are expected to see higher-than-average increases, and a few places,
mayeven see decreases.

It’sreported that over the course of this century, sea levels

will rise between 8inches and 6.6 feet around the planet. Scientists know this
increase will bedriven by the expansion of water as it warms—warmer water
takes up morespace—and the melting of ice. But the effects of warming water
and melting iceon sea-level rise are expected to vary from area to area. And
the melting ofice of the Antarctic and Greenland presents the largest
uncertainty for thefuture, but air, land and water also play roles in changes
to sea level. Forexample, sea level near the ice getting melt actually
decreases, because theground under the melting ice rises as the heavy ice
disappears.

Climatechange is expected to change ocean currents and the

winds that help drive oceancurrents. These changes will affect the distribution
of heat within the oceans,and, as a result, affect changes in sea level.

Nowadays,scientists use two types of models to make predictions

about the future of sealevels, but the two don’t agree. If scientists can't
accurately predictsea-level increase for the coming years, the least we can do
is measure what ishappening today with the help of the satellite, Jason-2, but
it’s reaching theend of its operational life.

According to the text, which of the following shows the right cause and
effect?
①climate change; ②ocean currents;

③the winds; ④changes in sea level;

⑤the distribution of heat

A. ①→②→③→④→⑤

B. ③→④→⑤→②→①

C. ①→③→②→⑤→④

D. ①→⑤→③→②→④

(C)

Witha large part of the world's population living close to the

oceans, rising sealevels bring the potential for destructive (破坏性
的)results.But scientists are still unable to make predictions exact enough for
people toplan to handle the loss of land and the threat to coastal communities
expectedover this century.

“Weknow sea level is going to rise, but how much, and how fast,
and where, wereally still don’t know," said Josh Willis, a climate scientist.

Theocean isn't like water in a bathtub. It doesn’t riseall

the same as more water pours in. As global warming raises sea levels,
someplaces are expected to see higher-than-average increases, and a few places,
mayeven see decreases.

It’sreported that over the course of this century, sea levels

will rise between 8inches and 6.6 feet around the planet. Scientists know this
increase will bedriven by the expansion of water as it warms—warmer water
takes up morespace—and the melting of ice. But the effects of warming water
and melting iceon sea-level rise are expected to vary from area to area. And
the melting ofice of the Antarctic and Greenland presents the largest
uncertainty for thefuture, but air, land and water also play roles in changes
to sea level. Forexample, sea level near the ice getting melt actually
decreases, because theground under the melting ice rises as the heavy ice
disappears.

Climatechange is expected to change ocean currents and the

winds that help drive oceancurrents. These changes will affect the distribution
of heat within the oceans,and, as a result, affect changes in sea level.

Nowadays,scientists use two types of models to make predictions

about the future of sealevels, but the two don’t agree. If scientists can't
accurately predictsea-level increase for the coming years, the least we can do
is measure what ishappening today with the help of the satellite, Jason-2, but
it’s reaching theend of its operational life.
What problems will scientists meet with in predicting future climate changes?

A. It's too difficult to measure what's happening.

B. There will probably be no satellites to help the scientists.

C. Types of models for prediction are difficult to set up.

D. There aren’t enough scientists studying the changes of sea levels.

 答案
填空题

21.most recent 22.None 23.as though 24.despite 25.might 26.pondering 27.was

acquainted 28.something 29.has evolved 30.asspciated

31~40 DKFBIAEJGC

41-5 BACBC

46-0 ABCDA

51-5 DBACD

67.E 68.C 69.B 70.F

Summary:

The best way to learn something is to make mistakes first(要点

1).And failures and false starts are the condition of success.In fact,lots of
everyday objects had their beginnings in a mistake(要点 2).Besides,Successful
businesspeople have often made big.expensive mistakes in their past(要点 3).All
in all,The important thing is that you need to learn from your mistakes.

72.How can you expect to rely on a person who doesn’t keep his promise in
cooperation?

73.Only when natural disasters happen,can people really learn the power of
nature.

74.Although many western countries have taken a lot of measures to encourage

people to bear sons and daughters in the past decade,it still takes little
effect now.

75.An economist remended customers in the journal last month that the Chinese
saying”the cheap goods are of poor quality” didn’t apply to all the domestic
industrial products.

单选题
C A C B B A C A D C B

解析
填空题
略 略 略 略 略 略 略
单选题
略 略 略 略 略 略 略 略 略 略 略