Satellite Communication

Assignment 1

1.

. So, for equal C/N in up as well as in down links, the over all C/N will be half of the individual one.
Hence, the appropriate option will be A.

2.

The saturation flux density of the transponder is given as −86dBw/sq-meter. The power density received
by the transponder is Wd = 500/( 4π×(40000×103) 2) = 2.48 × 10−14 Watts/sq-meter, which is
equivalently −136 dBw/sq-meter. So, the gain of the antenna is −86 − (−136) = 50 dB.

So, the appropriate option is B

3.

It is mentioned in the question that the satellite is located at an elevation angle of 35 degree and the
rain is of strati form type and has a height of 3 Km. Hence, by applying the simple and fundamental
formula of trigonometry, we can easily determine the actual slant signal path. With reference to the
figure given below, we can determine the signal path, l = d sin 350 = 5.23 Km. So, the total attenuation
of the signal caused by the rain is A = 1.4 × 5.23 = 7.32 dB.

So, the most appropriate one is B.

4.
The C/N0 of an earth station can be mathematically formulated as, C/N0es = EIRPbeacon + G/Tes − L − k
= 90 and the same for VSAT terminal can be represented as, C/N0vsat = EIRPbeacon + G/Tvsat − L − k =
70. By solving the two equations we can determine the G/T of the VSAT as 10 dB/K.

Hence, the correct one is A.

5.

For uplink, the carrier power is 40 dB greater than the interference power, thus, the (C/I)up = 40dB or
equivalently 104 . Similarly, from the question, the (C/I)dn = 35dB, equivalently 3162.28. Now, by using
the formula for over all carrier-t-noise ratio of the

satellite link,

, equivalently 33.8 dB.

So, the correct choice is B

6.

Noise power associated with the signal over 2 MHz bandwidth is supplied as -141 dBw. There are 10
satellites, each of the satellites is radiating and receiver receives -160 dBw power from each of them.
Thus for a receiving a signal from a particular satellite, rest nine satellites will create interference to the
signal. Hence, the interference signal strength can be calculated as −160+10 log(9) = −150.5 dBw. Now,
the considering the combined effects of noise and interference, the total noise power can be calculated
as N +I = 10−14.1 + 10−15.05 = 8.8345×10−15watts, equivalently −140.7dBw. Therefore, the signal to
noise ratio can be calculated as −160 + 140.7 = −19.3dB.

So, the closest option is A.

7.

It is mentioned that, the saturation flux density ψ = −67.5 dBw/sq-meter, the uplink frequency is 6 GHz.
Therefore, the spreading factor can be easily calculated as S = = −37.01 dB-sq-meter. It is also
mentioned that the satellite transponder is operated at 12 dB input back off and it has an effect on the
output back off. Hence, for 12 dB input back off the effect on output back off is 12 × 0.5 = 6 dB. hence,
we can calculate the C/N0 for uplink C/N0u = ψ − IBO + S + G/Tsat − k = −67.5 − 12 − 37.01 + 228.6 − 11.6
= 100.5 dBHz.

In similar fashion, the C/N0 of the downlink, can be determined. So, C/N0d = EIRP − OBO + G/Tes − L − k
= EIRP − OBO + G/Tes − 20 log (4πRf/ c) − k = 26.6 − 6 + 40.7 − 196.69 + 228.6 = 93.21 dBHz Now, the
over all C/N0 of the satellite link would be, 1/( C/N0t) = 1/( C/Nu) + 1/( C/Nu)+ 1/( C/N0t) = 1 1010.05 + 1
109.321 = 5.6665 × 10−10 So, the over all C/N0 of the link would be −10 log 5.6665 × 10−10 Hz = 92.46
dBHz.

Thus, the appropriate choice is B.

8.

Total Attenuation,L during rain is 7 dB, equivalently 5 in linear scale. The sky noise temperature is
negligible i.e. 0K Antenna noise temperature during rain is the Noise temperature at the output of rain
attenuation = T0 ×( L−1)/ L = 275 ×( 5−1)/ 5 = 220K Receiver Noise figure =2dB, equivalently 1.58 in linear
scale. Receiver noise temperature = To(F − 1) = 290(1.58 − 1) = 168.2K System noise temperature during
rain =220 + 168.2 = 388.2K i.e 25.9 dBK Receiver G/T during rain =40 − 25.9 = 14.1 dB/K Receiver noise
temperature without rain =168.2K = 22.25dBK, as sky noise is negligible. Receiver G/T without rain = 40
− 22.25 = 17.75 dB/K Reduction of receiver G/T due to rain ∆G/T = 3.65 dB. Due to this reduction of G/T
and rain attenuation, C/N0during rain will be reduced. To maintain same C/No as of clear sky, Downlink
EIRP is to be increased to compensate the effect of rain fade. Increase in downlink power = rain
attenuation + receiver G/T reduction due to rain = 7 + 3.65 = 10.65 dB .

Thus the correct answer is C.

9.

The earth stations are located at same longitude as that of GEO satellite. The station A is located at
400N, which is in close with the satellite as compared to station B, which is located at 410N. Therefore,
the elevation angle of Station A is greater than that of Station B. Therefore, the effective signal path
through rain from the satellite will be higher for the station B. So the attenuation faced by station A will
be less than that of station B.

Hence, the appropriate choice is C.

10.

At the end of the life the antenna gain remain constant, the gain of the LNA is expected to decrease, so,
the effective noise temperature increases because Ts = TLNA + Trx GLNA . Hence the G/T ratio increases
as the LNA gain decreases.

So, the appropriate option is C.