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‫‪Experiment No.

1‬‬

‫‪Done by:‬‬
‫‪2014/3257‬‬ ‫وديع فضل محمد االسلمي‬
‫‪2014/3038‬‬ ‫ابراهيم الخطيب الكبسي‬
‫‪2014/3208‬‬ ‫محمد عبد هللا العمدي‬
‫‪2014/3272‬‬ ‫حسن عبد هللا المنصور‬

‫‪Supervised By‬‬
‫م‪ .‬محمد حليف‬
‫م‪ .‬محمد الحدي‬
single Phase semi converter
Feeding A Separately Excited Dc
Motor

Outline
• Introduction
• Experiment aim
• Theory
• Apparatus
• Circuit Diagram
• Experiment Procedure
• Calculations
• Characteristic curves
• MatLab Simulink
• Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
In this experiment the Speed of separately excited DC motor is controlled by
single-phase semi converters. For the achievement of this experiment there were
two methods performed in the power electronics laboratory which are:

1. Control the armature voltage. Armature voltage is controlled using single


-phase semi AC/DC converter(rectifier).
2. Control the field current (flux). the field excitation current is controlled
using single phase half, full or semi AC/DC converter(rectifier).

EXPERIMENT AIM
At the end of this experiment, we will be able to:

• Describe the operation of single-phase semi converter for various loads.


• Explain the control characteristics of single-phase semi converter.
• Control DC motor by the use of single-phase semi converter.
• Differentiate the methods used for controlling the speed.
• Justify the effect of adding freewheeling diode on the characteristics &
performance parameters of the converter DC drive.
• Design control circuits for closed loop operation dc motor drives using
single-phase semi converter.
• Simulate the circuit using software program (MATLAB SIMULINK).

THEORY
Phase controlled AC-DC converters employing thyristor are extensively
used for changing constant ac input voltage to controlled dc output voltage. In
phase-controlled rectifiers, a thyristor is tuned off as AC supply voltage reverse
biases it, provided anode current has fallen to level below the holding current.
APPARATUS

• AC power supply. • Step down transformer(220V/45V).


• DC power supply. • Ammeter.
• Power diodes(1000V,11A). • Potential meter.
• Thyristors (1000V,10A). • Isolation Amplifier Four Channel.
• freewheeling diode. • Dual Channel oscilloscope.
• Firing circuit. • Voltmeter.
• Connection wires. • Inductive load (2 x 50mH) in series.
• Tachometer.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure (1): single-phase semi converter DC drive


EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE
• Connect the single-phase semi controlled rectifier circuit shown in Fig. (1).
• By the use of potential meter(stabilizer) which fed a control circuit (firing
circuit), make the waveforms shifted by 30 in phase.
• Adjust the type of pules on firing circuit to single-phase pules mode.
• Remove the discontinuity in armature current by connecting in series a
smoothing inductor.
• Turn on the power.
• Adjust the applied voltage of field circuit to rated voltage in order to get
rated field current which is maintained constant.
• Adjust the applied voltage of armature circuit to rated voltage.
• Adjust the firing angle according to the values listed in Table (0, 30, 45,
60, 90, 120 and 150 degrees).
• Measure the armature output voltage, armature current and speed of
motor by connect Voltammeter, Ammeter and
Tachometer.
• By use oscilloscope, plot the input, output
waveforms on the same graph, for any two
firing angles at 30 & 90 degrees) (e.g. as
shown in fig.(2)).
Hint: oscilloscope must be connected to
isolation amplifier which provides a common
ground for the two waves to avoid short
circuit(fault).
• Record the reading achieved at each firing
angle.
Fig. (2):waveforms at 0
• Compare between the practical and
theoretical results for input and output voltages and currents using:

Where Vm is the peak voltage of the ac supply.


• Study the characteristic of

 VS 𝜔  VS Va  VS Ia

• Simulate the circuit using software program (MATLAB SIMULINK).

CALCULATIONS
• theoretical results:
𝑉𝑚(1+cos(𝛼))
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑜 = , Vm pack value
𝜋

237×√2 (1+cos(5))
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑜 = = 212.97V
𝜋

237×√2 (1+cos(30))
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑜 = =199.08V
𝜋

237×√2 (1+cos(60))
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑜 = =160.03V
𝜋

237×√2 (1+cos(90))
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑜 = =106.68V
𝜋

237×√2 (1+cos(120))
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑜 = =53.34V
𝜋

237×√2 (1+cos(150))
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑜 = =14.29V
𝜋

• Practical results:

 () 7 30 45 60 90 120
Va(cal) 213 199 160 107 53 14
Va(V) 230 215 175 115 75 21
𝝎(r.p.m) 1662 1573 1106 508 263 0
Ia(A) 0.92 0.94 0.90 0.88 0.62 0.20
CHARACTERISTIC CURVES
• Angle voltage characteristic is shown in fig (3).

V Fig(3): Angle Voltage Characteristic


250

200

150

100

50

0 
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

• Angle current characteristic is shown in fig(4).

I Fig(4): Angle Current Characteristic


1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
• Angle speed characteristic is shown in fig(5).

ω Fig(5): Angle Speed Characteristic


2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0 
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
MATLAB SIMULINK
• Circuit diagram is shown in fig(6).

fig(6): Circuit diagram(MATLAB)

Input voltage, output current and voltage waveforms at different firing angles:

• Waveforms at  = 30 are shown in fig (7).

fig(7):Input voltage, Output voltage & current waveforms at  = 30.


• waveforms at  = 90 are shown in fig(8).

fig(8):Input voltage, Output voltage & current waveforms at  = 90.

• waveforms at  = 150 are shown in fig(9).

fig(9):Input voltage, Output voltage & current waveforms at  = 150.


CONCLUSION
• Single-phase converter-fed separately excited motor is a one-quadrant drive
• The converter in the field circuit should be a semi converter.
• At a low delay angle, the armature current may be discontinuous, and
this would increase the losses in the motor.
• A smoothing inductor, Lm, is normally connected in series with the armature
circuit to reduce the ripple current to an acceptable magnitude.
Duo to that
1- charging and discharging time should be done in one half period.
2- Exchange it from single phase to three phase.

• Due to the inductance connected in series with motor, the magnitude of


armature current decreased.
• varying the applied voltage changes speed. Reversing the applied voltage
changes the direction of rotation of the motor.
• In the field weaken region, the power output and induced emf are
maintained at their rated values by programming the field flux to be
inversely proportional to the rotor speed.
• The motor load must be decrease as field current decreases
If ↓→ ∅ ↓ → 𝝉 ↓→ 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 ↓ → 𝝎 ↑
• In armature control, the field current is
maintained constant.
τ→ constant
• In field control, the applied armature
voltage v is maintained constant.
P→ constant
• Increasing the firing angle decreases
Current, voltage and speed of the
motor.

Characteristics of a variable dc motor

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