1termodinamika (Intro)
1termodinamika (Intro)
1termodinamika (Intro)
INTRODUCTION
Satworo Adiwidodo, ST., M.T.
Thermodinamika I
Kepustakaan :
1. Moran Shapiro, 2005, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 5th
Edition, Wiley
2. Ongkar Singh, Applied Thermodynamics, New Age International (P) Ltd.,
Publishers, 2010
3. Rayner Joel, Basic Engineering Thermodynamics In SI Unit, Longman
4. Claus Borgnakke, Fundamental of Thermodynamics, John Wiley & sons
Inc., 2009
Evaluasi :
-Tugas : 30%
- Quis : 30%
- UAS : 40%
PANDANGAN UMUM TENTANG
THERMODINAMIKA
Misalnya :
*) Udara dikompresi di dalam silinder.
Dalam hal ini sistem adalah udara yang
dikompresikan dan permukaan tertutup
adalah permukaan yang dibatasi silinder
SISTEM THERMODINAMIKA
• Surrounding (lingkungan)
KOORDINAT SISTEM DAN KEADAAN SISTEM
Contoh :
Besaran extensive : Volume, Kapasitas Panas, Kerja (energi), entropy dll.
Besaran intensive : Tekanan, Temperatur, kerapatan dll.
KOORDINAT SISTEM DAN KEADAAN SISTEM
Besaran extensive
H arg a Jenis
massa sistem
KOORDINAT SISTEM DAN KEADAAN SISTEM
Contoh :
Volume jenis dari sistem:
V m3 ft 3
v ;
m kg lb
Dimana :
V m3 ft 3
v* ;
n kg mole lb mole
m kg lb
n ; M berat molekul sistem ;
M kg mole lb mole
KOORDINAT SISTEM DAN KEADAAN SISTEM
Maka :
V
v*
m/M
M .V
v*
m
v* M .v
KOORDINAT SISTEM DAN KEADAAN SISTEM
m 1 kg lb
3 ;
3
V v m ft
Sehingga didapat :
M
v*
KOORDINAT SISTEM DAN KEADAAN SISTEM
Note: Equilibrium
Classical thermodynamics places primary emphasis on equilibrium states and
changes from one equilibrium state to another. Thus, the concept of
equilibrium is fundamental. In mechanics, equilibrium means a condition of
balance maintained by an equality of opposing forces. In thermodynamics, the
concept is more far-reaching, including not only a balance of forces but also a
balance of other influences. Each kind of influence refers to a particular aspect
of thermodynamic, or complete, equilibrium. Accordingly, several types of
equilibrium must exist individually to fulfill the conditionof complete equilibrium;
among these are mechanical, thermal, phase, and chemical equilibrium.
Criteria for these four types of equilibrium are considered in subsequent
discussions.
For the present, we may think of testing to see if a system is in thermodynamic
equilibrium by the following procedure: Isolate the system from its
surroundings and watch for changes in its observable properties. If there are
no changes, we conclude that the system was in equilibrium at the moment it
was isolated. The system can be said to be at an equilibrium state.
TEKANAN (PRESSURE)
Bila permukaan suatu zat (padat, cair dan gas)
menerima gaya-gaya luar maka bagian permukaan zat
yang menerima gaya tegak lurus akan mengalami
tekanan (tertekan).
F kg lb
P 2 ;
2
A m ft
Dimana :
Atau :
Atau :
T 0C = 5/9(T 0F - 32)
0R 0F 0K 0C
492 32 273 0
Ttk beku
Known (Diketahui) :
Find (Ditanya) :
Schematic and Given Data (Skema dan data) :
Engineering Model/Assumtion (Asumsi) :
Analysis (Jawab):
Comment (komentar) :
RINGKASAN
Bab ini telah membahas tentang:
1. Definisi Termodinamika Teknik
2. Aplikasi Termodinamika Teknik
3. Sistem dan koordinat sistem
4. Besaran
5. Metodologi penyelesaian persoalan Termodinamika Teknik
SOAL-SOAL LATIHAN
Terangkan dengan jelas tentang:
1. Definisi Termodinamika Teknik
2. Aplikasi Termodinamika Teknik
3. Apa yang dimaksud sistem? Dibagi berapa? jelaskan
4. Besaran ektensive dan intensive
5. Apa yang dimaksud tekanan gauge adan tekanan absolute?
6. Terbaca di alat ukur 250 kPa, berapa tekanan absolutnya?
7. Terbaca 15 0C, konversikan dalam satuan Kelvin, Fahrenheit dan
Rankine!