This chapter is a discussion of the research design, the sampling technique, the respondents, the

instruments used, the data gathering procedures and the statistical tools that are and will be present in
the study.

Research Method

The method utilized in the study is the descriptive type. According to Manuel and Medel
(1976), descriptive research involves the description, recording, analysis and interpretation of the
present nature, composition, or process of phenomena. The focus is on the prevailing conditions, on
how a person, group, or thing behaves or functions at the time of the study.

Sanchez (1998) cited the process of descriptive research as going beyond mere gathering and
tabulation of data. It involves the element of interpretation with the meaning or significance of what is
described. Thus, description is often combined with comparison and contrast involving measurement,
classification, interpretation and evaluation.

In its essence, descriptive studies are used to describe various aspects of the phenomenon. In its
popular format, descriptive research is used to describe characteristics and/or behaviour of sample
population. An important characteristic of descriptive research relates to the fact that while descriptive
research can employ a number of variables, only one variable is required to conduct a descriptive study.
Three main purposes of descriptive studies can be explained as describing, explaining and validating
research findings. Descriptive studies are closely associated with observational studies, but they are not
limited with observation data collection method. Case studies and surveys can also be specified as
popular data collection methods used with descriptive studies.

Paz, Medel & Bienvinido, Manuel, A Practical Guide in

Methodology of Research and Thesis Writing. (Manila:

GIC Enterprises, 1976)

Sanchez, Custodia A. Methods and Techniques of Research.

(Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, 1998)

https://research-methodology.net/descriptive-research/