CHAMPLAIN – ST.

LAWRENCE

LEARNING TO NAME CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

AN INTRODUCTION TO INORGANIC CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE

BY
CONSTANCE CROSSLAND

REVISED NOVEMBER 2007

 LEARNING TO NAME CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

I. INTRODUCTION
Nomenclature is the systematic naming of chemical elements and compounds. It is important that we all
use exactly the same names when referring to specific chemical entities in order that we avoid confusion
and misunderstanding.

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (the IUPAC) has set rules and standards for the
naming of elements and compounds which are accepted all over the world. However, the need for
systematic nomenclature is a relatively recent one, being perhaps a matter of the past one-hundred years.
Prior to the Scientific Revolution, the few compounds that were known were given colorful or descriptive
names by their discoverers who often had very little idea of their actual structures. Since no system is
created out of nothing, many of these older names are still used today and some have been incorporated
into the systematic nomenclature. Because of this, the nomenclature used today is not one-hundred
percent systematic and exceptions to many rules can be found.
This text intends to provide an introduction to the naming of inorganic compounds (all compounds except
those in which carbon is bonded to hydrogen and some other analogous compounds). It is by no means
complete, but should enable us to deal with the majority of compounds that we will encounter in General
Chemistry.

Most of the compounds that we will see this year fall into two categories: (1) binary compounds, and (2)
oxygen-containing acids and their salts. In these programs we will learn to name the common members of
these two families.

Before we can begin this, however, it is necessary that you be well acquainted with the names and
symbols for the elements. Also, do a short review of the uses of subscripts and parentheses in compounds
such as Ca3(PO4)2, and the concept of electronegativity. Remember that the halogens as well as hydrogen,
oxygen and nitrogen are diatomic in the elemental state.
It is also necessary to understand the concept of oxidation state and to be able to assign oxidation numbers
to elements before going on to naming compounds, and this is where we will begin.

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II. ASSIGNING OXIDATION NUMBERS

The oxidation number of an element in a compound tells us something about the relationship between the
elements in the compound and sometimes indicates how the compound is formed.

The meaning of the term oxidation number is not uniformly agreed upon. Most generally, the oxidation
number tells us how many electrons are lost or gained by an element when it combines with other
elements to form a compound. Often, this is only an apparent loss or gain, rather than an actual one, and
the oxidation number is used as a book-keeping convenience. Other terms which refer to this or related
ideas are oxidation state or valence.
The following set of rules will enable you to assign an oxidation number to any element you will
encounter in general chemistry.

1. The oxidation state of any uncombined element (not in ionic form) including those in
polyatomic form is ZERO.
Examples: The oxidation state of sodium metal is zero.
The oxidation state of bromine in Br2 is zero.
The oxidation state of sulfur in S8 is zero.
2. When two elements combine, the less electronegative of the two is assumed to "lose" electrons,
while the more electronegative is assumed to "gain" electrons.
Metals, having low electronegativities, usually lose electrons and therefore have positive oxidation
states. Non-metals, having higher electronegativities, are said to gain electrons and thus have negative
oxidation states when they are combined with metals.

When two or more non-metals combine with each other, it is necessary to consider their respective
electronegativities order to determine their oxidation states.
Examples: Consider NaCl. Sodium being a metal and the less electronegative of the two elements
(en=0.9) will have a positive oxidation state. Chlorine (en=3.0) will have a negative
oxidation number in this compound.
Consider SO2. Both sulfur and oxygen are non-metals. Sulfur has an electronegativity
value of 2.4, while oxygen's is 3.5. Sulfur is therefore assigned a positive oxidation state
while oxygen is given a negative value.
3. All combined Group IA metals have oxidation states of +1.
Example: The oxidation state of potassium in any compound is always +1.
4. All combined group IIA metals have an oxidation state of +2.
Example: The oxidation state of calcium in any compound is always +2.
5. Any halogen (Group VIIA) bonded to a less electronegative element has an oxidation state of -1.
Example: The oxidation state of chlorine in NaCl is -1.
6. Hydrogen, when bonded to any element less electronegative than itself, has an oxidation state of
-1, and an oxidation state of +1 when bonded to any element more electronegative than itself.
Examples: The oxidation state of hydrogen in NaH is -1.
The oxidation state of hydrogen in HBr is +1.
7. Nitrogen, when bonded to any element less electronegative than itself has an oxidation state of
-3.
Example: The oxidation state of nitrogen in NH3 is -3.

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8. Oxygen has a valance of -2, except in peroxides, where it is -1, or when bonded to fluorine,
where it is variable.
Examples: The oxidation state of oxygen in H2O is -2.
The oxidation state of oxygen in H2O2 is -1.
9. Most of the transition metals (group B metals) have variable (more than one) valences, which
must be determined by their relationships to the non-variable elements in the compounds which
they form. Some exceptions include zinc and silver, which have only one common valence (Zn+2
and Ag+1).
Example: Consider the compound SnCl4. We know that the electronegativity of chlorine is greater
than that of tin. Therefore the valence of chlorine will be -1. Tin being a transition metal
has a variable oxidation state. We must determine the oxidation state of tin based on the
fact that SnCl4 is a neutral compound and that the oxidation state of chlorine is
determinate.
10. The algebraic sum of all the individual oxidation states in a neutral compound is zero. The sum
of the individual oxidation states in an ion is equal to the charge on the ion.
Example: Consider the compound NaCl. The oxidation state of sodium is +1 and the oxidation state
of chlorine is -1. Their sum is 0, which is what we would expect for a neutral compound.
Consider the ion NH4+. The oxidation state of hydrogen is +1, while that of nitrogen is -3.
The total charge on the ion is +1; thus...
4(+1) + (-3) = +1
By using these rules, we can assign oxidations states to elements whose valences vary from compound to
compound.

Study the following examples carefully and then try working the practice problem, number 7.

Problem 1: Assign oxidation numbers to all elements in HNO3.

We know by referring to rules 6 and 8 that the valences of hydrogen and oxygen in this case are +1
and -2 respectively. Since oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen, the valence of nitrogen is
variable and must be determined. Rule 10 tells us that the algebraic sum of these three oxidation
states must be zero, as HNO3 is a neutral compound. Therefore we can write the following equation
for the oxidation states in HNO3:
(H) + (N) + 3(O) = 0
Substitution of the known values for hydrogen and oxygen gives:
(+1) + (N) + 3(-2) = 0
Solving for nitrogen:
(N) = +5
Therefore the oxidation state of nitrogen in HNO3 is +5.

Problem 2: Assign oxidation numbers to all elements in HNO2.

By the same method used in problem 1:
(H) + (N) + 2(O) = 0
(+1) + (N) + 2(-2)= 0
(N) = +3
Problem 3: Assign oxidation numbers to all elements in PCl5.
Phosphorous is less electronegative than is chlorine. Thus, according to rule 5, the oxidation state of
chlorine in PCl5 is (-1). We must determine the oxidation state of phosphorous.

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(P) + 5(Cl) = 0
(P) + 5(-1) = 0
(P) = +5
Problem 4: Assign oxidation numbers to all elements in ammonium ion, NH4+.
Nitrogen is more electronegative than is hydrogen. Ergo, by rule 6:
(N) + 4(H) = +1
(N) + 4(+1) = +1
(N) = -3 (Also by rule 7.)
Problem 5: Assign oxidation numbers to all elements in sulfate ion, SO42-.
Oxygen has a higher electronegativity than sulfur. Therefore, the valence of oxygen is -2 and that of
sulfur is variable.
(S) + 4(O) = -2
(S) + 4(-2) = -2
(S) = +6
Problem 6: Assign oxidation numbers to all elements in Sn3(PO4)2.
Since both the valences of phosphorous and tin are variable, we have an equation to solve that has
two unknowns and we need further information to solve this problem. As you may know, or will soon
learn, the phosphate ion carries a -3 charge, (PO4)3-. Therefore we will solve this problem in two
parts.
First: (P) + 4(O) = -3
(P) + 4(-2) = -3
(P) = +5
Then, since the positive charges must equal the negative charges in a neutral molecule, we can
calculate the valence of tin. This compound contains two phosphate ions for a total charge of .6. To
balance this, the three tin ions must have a total charge of +6.
3(Sn) = +6
(Sn) = +2
Problem 7: Practice assigning oxidation numbers to all elements in the following compounds. Check
your answers at the end of the text.
1. HClO4 9. PbF2
2. NO2 10. SO2
3. NO3 11. SO3
4. H2AsO4 12. H2SO2
5. AlF3 13. H2SO3
6. HgC12 14. H2SO4
7. NaClO3 15. H2S
8. CoCl3

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 LEARNING TO NAME CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

III. NAMING BINARY COMPOUNDS

A compound formed of two elements is called a binary compound. Binary compounds are given two-
word names.

In writing the formulae for binary compounds, it is customary to place the element with the lower
electronegativity first and the element with the higher electronegativity second.
For example, HF, NaCl and CO2 are formulae for binary compounds. (There are exceptions to this rule,
e.g., NH3 is the way the formula for ammonia is written, even though nitrogen has a higher
electronegativity than hydrogen.)
In forming the name for a binary compound, the element with the lower electronegativity keeps its own
elemental name. The more electronegative element is named by forming a root from the elemental name,
usually by dropping all letters back to the next-to-the-last consonant, and adding "ide".

Examples: chlorine: chlor + ide = chloride

sulfur: sulf + ide = sulfide
Exceptions to this rule are bismuthide. mercuride, oxide, hydride, nitride and phosphide.

Problem 8: Name the following compounds: HF, NaCl, K2S, CaH2, MgO
HF hydrogen fluoride
NaCl sodium chloride
K2S potassium sulfide
CaH2 calcium hydride
MgO magnesium oxide
Possibilities for confusion arise when elements which have more than one oxidation state form more than
one compound with the same element (e.g. SnCl2 and SnC14, or NO2 and N2O4).

We will deal with these cases in two ways.

The first case concerns situations where the valence of a metal is variable. "Tin chloride" cannot be used
as the name for both SnC12 and SnC14. In order to distinguish between these two compounds, we will use
Roman numerals to indicate the oxidation state of the metal. The Roman numeral is placed in brackets
immediately following the name of the metal, and is numerically equal to the oxidation number of the
metal.
SnCl2 tin(II) chloride
SnCl4 tin(IV) chloride
FeO iron(II) oxide
Fe2O3 iron(III) oxide
AuF3 gold(III) fluoride
Use these Roman numerals when working with metals with variable oxidation states.

Problem 9: Name or give formulae for the following binary compounds. Verify your answers at the
end of the text
1. CrO2 6. manganese(IV) oxide
2. Cu3N2 7. cobalt(III) bromide
3. HgS 8. tin(II) iodide
4. V2O3 9. iron(III) sulfide
5. GaF3 10. bismuth(I) oxide

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Non-metals, when combined with other non-metals more electronegative than themselves, often have
variable valences. Here are some examples of compounds which contain different oxidation states of
nitrogen:
NO3 (+6) N2O3 (+3)
N2O5 (+5) NO (+2)
NO2 (+4) N2O (+1)
It is obvious that these six compounds containing only nitrogen and oxygen cannot all be named 'nitrogen
oxide'. We will differentiate these compounds by using Greek numerical prefixes to indicate the relative
numbers of atoms of each kind in compounds such as these. Note that the prefix "mono" is usually
omitted as understood for the less-electronegative element.

These numerical prefixes are:

mono for one hexa for six
di for two hepta for seven
tri for three octa for eight
tetra for four nona for nine
penta for five deca for ten
Therefore:
NO3 is nitrogen trioxide
N2O5 is dinitrogen pentaoxide
NO2 is nitrogen dioxide
N2O3 is dinitrogen trioxide
NO is nitrogen monoxide
N2O dinitrogen monoxide
Problem 10: Name or give formulae for the following ten compounds. Check your answers at the end
of the text.
1. CO2 6. dichlorine monoxide
2. CO 7. phosphorus pentachloride
3. SO2 8. sulfur hexafluoride
4. SO3 9. selenium dioxide
5. P4O10 10. sulfur tetrafluoride
The formula NH3 is commonly called ammonia. If it were written in the systematic fashion, it would be
written H3N and be called hydrogen nitride. Many common names such as ammonia and water are so
firmly entrenched in the chemical literature that we must learn to deal with their common names.

One group of binary non-metallic compounds which contain hydrogen bonded to a highly electronegative
element form acids (are proton donors) when dissolved in water. Some examples are HF(aq), HCI(aq),
H2S(aq) and HBr(aq).
In the gaseous state, these compounds are named in the expected fashion. For example, HCl(g) is called
hydrogen chloride.

In the aqueous state, these compounds are named as acids. The prefix ‘hydro’ is added to the root name of
the element The suffix 'ic' is added to the root and followed by the word acid.

Some examples: (The root is underlined)

HCl (aq) is hydrochloric acid
H2S (aq) is hydrosulfuric acid
HBr (aq) is hydrobromic acid

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There are, of course, some classes which do not fit the rules for binary compounds. Some of these are
listed below.
1. Pseudobinary ions: Some ions which contain more than one atom are nevertheless named as if they
were monoatomic ions. The more common examples of these are:
NH4+ = ammonium S22– = disulfide
OH– = hydroxide NH2– = amide
O22- = peroxide CN– = cyanide
The names and formulae for these ions must be memorized.

Problem 11: Name or give formulae for the following. Check your answers at the end of the text
1. (NH4)2S 4. hydrogen peroxide
2. (NH4)2S2 5. ammonium peroxide
3. Sn(CN)4 6. calcium amide
2. There are some compounds which, because of their long-standing common usage, are not written in
order of increasing electronegativity, i.e. NH3 and OH-.

3. Mercury exists in two common combined states:

Mercury(I) ion = Hg22+
Mercury(II) ion = Hg2+
No such ion as Hg+ is ever found!
4. The three isotopes of hydrogen have their own common names. 1H is called protium though we
usually just call it hydrogen. 2H is called deuterium and 3H is known as tritium. Therefore, 3HCl is
named tritium chloride, and Ca2H2 is named calcium deuteride.
All other isotopes are named using numerical suffixes written to the right of their element names, e.g.
40
KCl is named potassium-40 chloride.

5. You may find non-metallic binary compounds named using Roman Numerals to indicate their
oxidation states, e.g. NO2 as nitrogen(IV) oxide rather than nitrogen monoxide. Sometimes salts of
metals and non-metals are named using numerical prefixes, e.g. MnO2 named as manganese dioxide
rather than manganese(IV) oxide. These practices are to be discouraged.
Problem 12: Name or give formulae for the following.
1. Hg2Br2 4. sulfur trioxide
2. 2HI(g) 5. gold(III) bromide
3. HgO 6. magnesium deuteride

Problem 13: Name or give formulae for the following.

1. HI(aq) 6. barium hydroxide
2. K3N 7. ammonium phosphide
3. NH3 8. carbon-14 tetrachloride
4. H2S(aq) 9. tritium iodide
5. H2S (g) 10. mercury (I) cyanide

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IV. NAMING OXYGEN-CONTAINING ACIDS AND THEIR SALTS

Most of the compounds that we will encounter this year that cannot be named as binary compounds are
oxy-acids or salts formed from these acids.

To begin naming these compounds it is necessary to memorize the formulae and names for each of the
following common-oxidation-state acid formed from the non-metals concerned. Many other names and
formulae can be derived from these. We will be concerned with these acids:
HNO3 nitric acid
HClO3 chloric acid
HBrO3 bromic acid
HIO3 iodic acid
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
H3PO4 phosphoric acid
H2CO3 carbonic acid
H3AsO4 arsenic acid
You will note that all or these acids end with the suffix 'ic'.

Since the halogens, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, carbon, arsenic and indeed, all non-metallic elements
other than fluorine are less electronegative than oxygen, their valences are variable. They may be
oxidized to a greater or lesser extent.

Some of the above acids are further oxidized by gaining another atom of oxygen. When this happens to
the halogens, the acid name gains the prefix 'per' which is added to its 'ic' name. For example:
HClO3 is chloric acid, so
HClO4 is perchloric acid
HIO3 is iodic acid, so
HIO4 is periodic acid
Acids formed from nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorous add the prefix peroxy when they gain an atom of
oxygen.
e.g. HNO3 is nitric acid, while
HNO4 is peroxynitric acid,
Note that the number of hydrogen atoms per molecule remains the same. Therefore, the charge of the
anion remains the same.

Problem 14: Name the following compounds.

1. H3AsO5 4. HCIO4
2. HBrO4 5. H3PO5
3. H2SO5
If the oxygen-containing acid is less highly oxidized and loses one atom of oxygen per molecule compared
to the common state, the suffix 'ic' is dropped and replaced by 'ous'. Therefore:
HClO3 is chloric acid, so
HClO2 is chlorous acid
HNO3 is nitric acid, so
HNO2 is nitric acid
Problem 15: Name or give formulae for the following.
1. H3AsO3 4. phosphorous acid
2. HIO2 5. bromous acid
3. H2SO3

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If the common acid loses two atoms of oxygen, the prefix "hypo" is added to the root as well as the 'ous'
suffix. Therefore:
HClO3 is chloric acid, while
HClO is hypochlorous acid
HNO3 is nitric acid, while
HNO is hyponitrous acid
Problem 16: Name or give formulae for the following.
1. H2SO2 3. hypoiodous acid
2. HBrO 4. hypoarsenous acid

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IV. NAMING SALTS OF OXYGEN-CONTAINING ACIDS

Salts are ionic compounds formed between positive and negative ions. The positive ions are most often
metal ions or ammonium ion (NH4+). Negative ions may be formed when an acid loses one or more
protons (H+).

e.g. HNO3 → H+ + NO3-

When hydrogen(s) is(are) lost from an 'ic' acid, an 'ate' anion is formed. When this combines with a
positively charged ion (a cation), an 'ate' salt is produced. For example:
HNO3 is nitric acid, so NO3- is nitrate ion
H2SO4 is sulfuric acid, so SO42- is sulfate ion
H2CO3 is carbonic acid, so CO32- is carbonate ion
Problem 17: Write formulae for or name the following:
1. chlorate ion 3. BrO3-
2. arsenate ion 4. PO43-
When hydrogens are lost from a 'per ___ ic' acid, a 'per ___ ate' ion is produced. This rule also applies to
'peroxy ___ ic' acids. For example:
HClO4 is perchloric acid, so ClO4- is perchlorate ion
H3PO5 is peroxyphosphoric acid, so PO53- is peroxyphosphate ion
Problem 18: Write names or formulae for the following
1. peroxynitrate ion 3. perbromate ion
2. periodate ion 4. peroxysulfate ion
When hydrogen is lost from an 'ous' acid, an 'ite' ion is formed.
e.g. HNO2 is nitrous acid, so NO2- is nitrite ion.
H2SO3 is sulfurous acid, so SO32- is sulfite ion.
Problem 19: Write names/formulae for the following
1. chlorite ion 3. AsO33-
2. phosphite ion 4. BrO2-
When hydrogens are lost from a "hypo`___`ous" acid, a "hypo`___`ite" ion is formed.
e.g. HCIO is hypochlorous acid, so CIO- is hypochlorite ion.
HNO is hyponitrous acid, so NO- is hyponitrite ion.
Problem 20: Write names/formulae for the following.
1. hyposulfite ion 3. BrO-
2. hypoiodite ion 4. AsO23-
When any of these ions bonds with a positively charged ion (a cation) or ions. a salt is formed. These salts
are named using many of the same rules as binary compounds. The cation is placed before the anion.
Variable-valenced metals are indicated using Roman numerals. The number of non-metal cations (usually
hydrogen ion) if ambiguous must be clarified using numerical prefixes. The total number of positive and
negative charges must be equal.
Study the following examples carefully and be sure that you understand why each compound is named the
way that it is.
e.g. NaNO3 is sodium nitrate
CaSO3 is calcium sulfite
(NH4)2SO2 is ammonium hyposulfite

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Sn(ClO4)4 is tin(IV) perchlorate

Hg2CO3 is mercury(I) carbonate
Fe(IO4)3 is iron(III) periodate
Au2(SO3)3 is gold(III) sulfite
NaH2PO4 is sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Na2H PO4 is disodium hydrogen phosphate
Problem 21: Name or give formulae for the following.
1. beryllium sulfate 6. MoClO4
2. chromium(III) iodite 7. NiNO3
3. ammonium perarsenate 8. Mn3(PO3)2
4. zinc hypobromite 9. Rb3AsO4
5. mercury(I) nitrate 10. Pd2(CO3)3
Some exceptions to the rules for oxy-acids and anions are:
HMnO4 is permanganic acid, while
H2MnO4 is manganic acid,
–
MnO4 is permanganate ion,
CH3COOH or C2H4O2 is acetic acid (an organic acid, has only one oxidation state)
CH3CO2– or C2H3O2– is the acetate ion,
CrO42- is the chromate ion, while
Cr2O72- is the dichromate ion.
Review Problem 22: The following names and formulae are a mixture of binary compounds and oxy-
acids and their derivatives. Write formulae or names for them.
1. H2S(g) 15. KHSO4
2. H2S(aq) 16. perchloric acid
3. P4O6 17. chloric acid
4. Mg(CN)2 18. chlorous acid
5. CrO 19. hypochlorous aicd
6. mercury(l) sulfide 20. hydrochloric acid
7. mercury (II) sulfide 21. selenous acid
8. hydrobromic acid 22. iron(II) phosphate
9. calcium phosphide 23. Co(ClO3)3
10. sulfur tetrafluoride 24. I2O5
11. HNO2 25. periodic acid
12. Ca(IO)2 26. K2Cr2O7
13. NaBrO4 27. potassium permanganate
14. Ca(C2H3O2)2

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ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS IN THE TEXT

Problem 7: 1. H +1, Cl +7, O -2 9. Pb +2, F -l
2. N +4, O -2 10. S +4, O -2
3. N +6, O -2 11. S +6, O -2
4. H +1, As +6, O -2 12. H +1, S +2, O -2
5. Al +3, F -l 13. H +1, S +4, O -2
6. Hg +2, Cl -l 14. H +1, S +6, O -2
7. Na +1, Cl +5, O -2 15. H +1, S -2
8. Co +3. Cl -l
Problem 9: 1. chromium(lV) oxide 6. MnO2
2. copper(II) nitride 7. CoBr3
3. mercury(II) sulfide 8. SnI2
4. vanadium(III) oxide 9. Fe2S3
5. gallium(III) fluoride 10. Bi2O
Problem 10: 1. carbon dioxide 6. C12O
2. carbon monoxide 7. PCl5
3. sulfur dioxide 8. SF6
4. sulfur trioxide 9. SeO2
5. tetraphosphorus decaoxide 10. SF4
Problem 11: 1. ammonium sulfide 4. H2O2
2. ammonium disulfide 5. (NH4)2O2
3. tin(IV) cyanide 6. Ca(NH2)2
Problem 12: 1. mercury(l) bromide 4. SO3
2. deuterium iodide 5. AuBr3
2
3. mercury(II) oxide 6. Mg H2
Problem 13: 1. hydroiodic acid 6. Ba(OH)2
2. potassium nitride 7. (NH4)3P
3. ammonia 8. 14CCl4
4. hydrosu1furic acid 9. 3HI
5. hydrogen sulfide 10. Hg2(CN)2
Problem 14: 1. perarsenic acid 4. perchloric acid
2. perbromic acid 5. peroxyphosphoric acid
3. peroxysulfuric acid
Problem 15: 1. arsenious acid 4. H3PO3
2. iodous acid 5. HBrO2
3. sulfurous acid
Problem 16: 1. hyposulfurous acid 3. HIO
2. hypobromous acid 4. H3AsO2
Problem 17: 1. ClO3- 3. bromate ion
2. AsO43- 4. phosphate ion
Problem 18: 1. NO4- 3. BrO4-
2. IO4- 4. SO52-
Problem 19: 1. ClO2- 3. arsenite ion
2. PO33- 4. bromite ion
Problem 20: 1. SO22- 3. hypobromite ion
2. IO- 4. hypoarsenite ion

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Problem 21: 1. BeSO4 6. molybdenum(I) perchlorate

2. Cr(IO2)3 7. nickel(I) nitrate
3. (NH4)3AsO5 8. manganese(II) phosphite
4. Zn(BrO)2 9. rubidium arsenate
5. Hg2(NO3)2 10. palladium(III) carbonate
Problem 22: 1. hydrogen sulfide 15. potassium hydrogen sulfate
2. hydrosulfuric acid 16. HClO4
3. tetraphosphorous hexaoxide 17. HClO3
4. magnesium cyanide 18. HClO2
5. chromium(II) oxide 19. HClO
6. Hg2S 20. HCl
7. HgS 21. H2SeO3
8. HBr (aq) 22. Fe3(PO4)2
9. Ca3P2 23. cobalt(III) chlorate
10. SF4 24. diiodine pentaoxide
11. nitrous acid 25. HIO4
12. calcium hypoiodite 26. potassium dichromate
13. sodium perbromate 27. KMnO4
14. calcium acetate

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