Standard Reduction Potentials at 25 °C

Half-reaction E(volts)
F2(g) + 2 e– 2 F–(aq) + 2.87
+ –
H2O2(aq) + 2 H (aq) + 2 e 2 H2O() + 1.78
2– + –
PbO2(s) + SO4 (aq) + 4 H (aq) + 2 e PbSO4(s) + 2 H2O() + 1.69
+ –
2 HCO(aq) + 2 H (aq) + 2 e C2(g) + 2 H2O() + 1.63
MnO4–(aq) + 8 H+(aq) + 5 e– Mn2+(aq) + 4 H2O() + 1.51
3+ –
Au (aq) + 3 e Au(s) + 1.50
+ – –
HCO(aq) + H (aq) + 2 e C (aq) + H2O() + 1.49
+ – 2+
PbO2(s) + 4 H (aq) + 2 e Pb (aq) + 2 H2O() + 1.46

2–
C2(g) + 2 e–
+
Cr2O7 (aq) + 14 H (aq) + 6 e –
2 C–(aq)
3+
2 Cr (aq) + 7 H2O()
+ 1.36
+ 1.33
CHEMISTRY DATA SHEET
O2(g) + 4 H+(aq) + 4 e– 2 H2O() + 1.23

2010
– –
Br2() + 2 e 2 Br (aq) + 1.07
Ag+(aq) + e– Ag(s) + 0.80
NO3–(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + e– NO2(g) + H2O() + 0.80
3+ – 2+
Fe (aq) + e Fe (aq) + 0.77
+ –
O2(g) + 2 H (aq) + 2 e H2O2(aq) + 0.68
I2(s) + 2 e– 2 I–(aq) + 0.54
– –
O2(g) + 2 H2O() + 4 e 4 OH (aq) + 0.40
2+ –
Cu (aq) + 2 e Cu(s) + 0.34
+ –
S(s)+ 2 H (aq) + 2 e H2S(aq) + 0.14
2 H+(aq) + 2 e– H2(g) 0 exactly
2+ –
Pb (aq) + 2 e Pb(s) – 0.13
2+ –
Sn (aq) + 2 e Sn(s) – 0.14
2+ –
Ni (aq) + 2 e Ni(s) – 0.25
Co2+(aq) + 2 e– Co(s) – 0.28
– 2–
PbSO4(s) + 2 e Pb(s) + SO4 (aq) – 0.36
2+ –
Cd (aq) + 2 e Cd(s) – 0.40
+ –
2 CO2(g) + 2 H (aq) + 2 e HOOCCOOH(aq) – 0.43
Fe2+(aq) + 2 e– Fe(s) – 0.44
3+ –
Cr (aq) + 3 e Cr(s) – 0.74
2+ –
Zn (aq) + 2 e Zn(s) – 0.76
– –
2 H2O() + 2 e H2(g) + 2 OH (aq) – 0.83
Mn2+(aq) + 2 e– Mn(s) – 1.18
Copyright
3+
A (aq) + 3 e –
A(s) – 1.66 © Curriculum Council, 2010
This document—apart from any third party copyright material contained in it—may be freely copied, or communicated on an intranet, for
Mg2+(aq) + 2 e– Mg(s) – 2.37 non-commercial purposes by educational institutions, provided that it is not changed in any way and that the Curriculum Council is
acknowledged as the copyright owner.
+ –
Na (aq) + e Na(s) – 2.71 Copying or communication for any other purpose can be done only within the terms of the Copyright Act or by permission of the Curriculum
Council.
Ca2+(aq) + 2 e– Ca(s) – 2.87 Copying or communication of any third party copyright material contained in this document can be done only within the terms of the
2+ – Copyright Act or by permission of the copyright owners.
Sr (aq) + 2 e Sr(s) – 2.89
2+ –
Ba (aq) + 2 e Ba(s) – 2.91
+ –
K (aq) + e K(s) – 2.93
 2010/2205[v3] Chemistry Data Sheet revised July 2010
Periodic Table Formulae

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 2
H He
1.008 4.003
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg A Si P S C Ar
22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba *La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg T Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109
Fr Ra **Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
226.0

* Lanthanide 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
6  Atomic Series Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Number 140.1 140.9 144.2 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
C  Symbol ** Actinide 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
12.01  Atomic Mass Series Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0 238.0

=
m
Number of moles n = mass
M
molar mass
Number of moles of solute n = cV
Number of moles of a gas at V
STP
n =
22.41
Ideal gas law PV = nRT

mass of solute (mg)

Parts per million ppm =
mass of solution (kg)

pH of a solution pH = - log [H+ ]

mass of sample
Density ρ =
volume of sample

Units
Volumes are given in the units of litres (L), or millilitres (mL)
Temperatures are given in the units of degrees Celsius (°C) or Kelvin (K).
It may be assumed that 0.0°C = 273.1 K
Energy changes are given in the SI unit kilojoule (kJ)
Pressures are given in the SI unit kilopascal (kPa) and in atmospheres (atm).
1.00 atm = 101.3 kPa
Solution concentrations are given in the units moles per litre (mol L-1),
grams per litre (g L-1) and parts per million.
Constants
Universal gas constant, R = 8.315 J K-1 mol-1
Avogadro constant, N = 6.022 x 1023 mol-1
Volume of 1.000 mol of an ideal gas at 0.0°C and 101.3 kPa is 22.41 L
S.T.P. is 0.0°C and 101.3 kPa
Equilibrium constant for water at 25°C, Kw = 1.00 x 10–14
Solubility rules for ionic solids in water Colours of selected ionic substances
In general, ionic solids have the same colour as that of any coloured ion they contain. Two
Soluble in water colourless ions in general produce a white solid. Selected exceptions to these two basic
Coloured halogens
rules are noted below.
Exceptions Colour of
Soluble Ionic Solid Colour Halog
free
Insoluble Slightly soluble en
calcium iodide pale yellow element
Most chlorides AgC PbC2 Other coloured copper(II) carbonate green substances
Most gases and liquids are F2(g) yellow
Most bromides AgBr PbBr2 copper(II) chloride green
colourless, and copper(II) oxide black most metals are C2(g) green
Most iodides AgI, PbI2 silvery or grey. copper(II) sulfide black Selected
Br2() red
exceptions to iron(III) sulfide black these basic rules
All nitrates I2(s) dark grey
are noted below. lead(II) iodide yellow
No exceptions
All ethanoates
Substancelead(II) sulfide State black Colour
Most sulfates SrSO4, BaSO4, PbSO4 CaSO4, Ag2SO4 Colour of
copper manganese(II) sulfide solid black salmon pink
silver carbonate yellow yellow Halog halogen in
gold solid
Insoluble in water silver iodide yellow brown en aqueous
nitrogen dioxide gas solution
silver oxide
phosphorus solid brown/blackyellow
Exceptions silver sulfide black yellow
Insoluble sulfur liquid, solid C2(aq
pale yellow
Soluble Slightly soluble )
Most hydroxides NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2 Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2 Br2(aq
orange
(note: NH4OH and AgOH do not exist) )
Most carbonates Na2CO3, K2CO3, (NH4)2CO3 I2(aq) brown
Most phosphates Na3PO4, K3PO4, (NH4)3PO4
Colour of
Most sulfides Na2S, K2S, (NH4)2S Halog halogen in
en organic
Soluble = more than 0.1 mole dissolves per litre solvent
Slightly soluble = between 0.01 and 0.1 mole dissolves per litre
Insoluble = less than 0.01 mole dissolves per litre Br2 red
I2 purple
Coloured
ions in
aqueous
solution
Cat Colou
ion r
deep
Cr3+
green
Co2
+ pink

Cu2
+ blue

Fe2 pale
+
green
Fe3
+ brown

very
Mn2
+ pale
pink
Ni2+ green

Ani Colou
on r
Cr
yellow
O42–
Cr2 orang
O72– e
Mn
purple
O4–