Understanding

God’s Celestial
Clock
for days, months, years, & appointed times
 tabl e of con ten ts
Introduction 1
Calendaring Checklist Overview 3
The Two Lights 4
Celestial Lights on a Line 5
The Days 6
The Week 7
The Seasons 8
The Appointed Times 10
The Required Times Check 11
The Months 12
In the Land of Israel 13
The Years 14
The Leap Months 19
The Role of Barley 21
The Enoch Calendar? 25
Firstfruits 27
Further Resources 28
Frequently-Asked-Questions 29
2018 Calendar - Month 1 31
2018 Calendar - Month 7 32

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The Lord brings our path across many wonderful, and blessed, fellowservants!
“The Lord gave the word: great was the company of those that published it.” - Psalm 68:11

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 “And God said,
Let there be lights in the firmament
First page
of the heaven to divide the day from the night;
of the bible! and let them be for signs,
and for seasons, and for days, and years.“
- Genesis 1:14

God Wants us to observe His Celestial Lights

Astronomy and astrology are not the same thing. Satan tries to distort,
counterfeit, and hijack God’s celestial signs - to take away God’s glory and message.
Astrology is all about you - your signs, your ‘future’, your ‘foreknowledge’,
your glory - not God’s. Astronomy, on the other hand, studies the workings
of God’s celestial clock, and observes the beautiful pictures that are told at very
unique events. True Biblical astronomy will always declare the glory of God.

We understand true time by the Biblical roles of the major celestial lights.
This applies to appointed times, patterns, shadows, prophecy
- all given to us so that we can know the time (Romans 13:11).

“Lift up your eyes on high,

and behold who hath created these things,
that bringeth out their host by number...”
- Isaiah 40:26

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 ?? Calendar Confusion ??
Unfortunately, there are about seven main different systems (or some
variation of them) that all claim to be a Biblical Creation calendar.
How do we know which is the right one to be using?

RABBINICAL
(Hillel II)

RABBINICAL
(Hillel II) Some calendars are obviously incorrect, since they are known to be man-made
- such as the rabbinical calendar used by the state of Israel for their
appointed times. Even they admit that it is not their Creator’s calendar
- and that it only tries to mimic it; they openly admit that they will follow
the correct calendar when the Messiah comes.
A wrong calendar will not tell true time,
nor bring you to appointed times on time.
Neither will following blind guides...

What about others that claim to be biblical?

The majority of the calendars offered all claim to be ‘the right way’ that God gave.
Obviously, they are different, and only one is correct...
So how do we have the best Biblical understanding of time and God’s calendar?
Simple. We look at the quality control checks that God requires, and we see which
calendar actually works - and consistently meets God’s standard for accuracy.

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Calendaring Checklist Overview
DETERMINING TIME

Does it use the indicators that God said declares

the days, years, and seasons (appointed times)?
Exclude calendars that do not rely on these indicators (e.g. rabbinical, etc.)

QUALITY CONTROLS

Does it also include requirements (that must be met) that

God also gave for the correct seasons / appointed times?
Example: Do not show up emptyhanded at the three appointed times
(Exodus 23:15; Deuteronomy 16:16)

Example: True Shavuot (Pentecost) count will start at the barley harvest start
(Deuteronomy 16:19)

Does Scripture give example and precedent to verify the correct

application and understanding of reading the celestial clock?
Exclude historic texts, rabbinical tradition, etc. as primary source - only Scripture.
Secondary sources can be used to confirm / explore established Scriptural precedent.

ACCURACY CONFIRMATION

Does the calendar work - meeting guidelines

- in the real Israeli agricultural setting?
Does it work in the real world, like it was meant to?

Does the calendar bring you to the correct appointed

times on time - every. single. year? Is it 100% reliable?
Reading the clock wrong will make you miss appointed times
An inconsistent clock is not correct; nor is it usable.

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 the Two Lights

“And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament

of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let
them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days,
and years ...And God made two great lights;
the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light
to rule the night: he made the stars also.“ - Genesis 1:14,16
FOR SIGNS

FOR DAYS FOR DAYS

MONTHS DAYS &
WEEKS
LESSER LIGHT GREATER
LIGHT
MOON SUN

We will now explore the different purposes and uses that God
ordained for the lights in the firmament. In short, let us examine how
to read His celestial clock. Since this resource only focuses on time,
we suggest you learn more about how the heavens declare signs,
in our booklet “The Heavens Declared.”
(www.informedchristians.com > Heavens Declared folder)

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 Celestial Lights on a Line
“The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork.
Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night sheweth knowledge.
There is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard.
Their line is gone out through all the earth,
and their words to the end of the world.”
- Psalm 19:1-4

ECLIPTIC: “THE LINE”

The Sun, Moon, and planets travel along the Ecliptic (”the line”). The Sun travels
directly on the line. The Moon and planets wobble around, near the line; usually
about 5 degrees, either way, from the line. These are all (generally) moving west
to east (at different slow speeds); but, the background of stars and constellations
appears to move east to west. This is why the planets are referred to as ‘wandering
stars’ - because they don’t travel in the same way as the other stars; hence,
the planets, Sun, and Moon will always be in different locations - along the line.

The Ecliptic line passes

through 12 major constellations.
So all of the Sun, Moon, and planetary
movement is only seen in these twelve.
Like the hands of a clock, unique celestial
events point to different parts of the celestial
story themes, at different times.
The astronomical (technical) term,
for the 12 constellations is the Zodiac;
but the Bible refers to the 12 groups
as the Mazzaroth (Job 38:32).

The Ancient People Knew Their Stars

Remember that several of Christ’s disciples, were fishermen who fished the sea of Galilee
- often at night. They grew up using the stars for navigation, and were very familiar with
watching the celestial clockwork motions every evening. They also used sundials, and were
familiar with the sun’s movements, and that of the moon. They had a strong sense and
understanding how the lights in the firmament progressed in their daily and annual courses.

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 the Day & Days
“And God called the light Day,
and the darkness he called Night.
And the evening and the morning were the first day.“
- Genesis 1:5

DETERMINER The days are defined as from sunset to the next sunset
(Gen. 1:5). The evening portion and then the morning
portion constituted the very first day.
Darkness (the absence of light) existed before light
was created. The Day models the Creation sequence:
each new day starts in darkness, just like Creation.
QUALITY CONTROL

“...lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night;
and let them be for ...days ...And God made two great lights;
the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night“
- Genesis 1:14,16

Day(light) The actual light sources (the two great lights) are what
divide between the portions. Since the greater light (Sun)
Night rules the day, as soon as that light source leaves the scene
(new day) (sunset), the division between night and daylight is made.

PRECEDENT
The Creation Order:

DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 4 DAY 5 DAY 6 DAY 7

EXAMPLE

“And it came to pass, that when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark
before the sabbath, I [Nehemiah] commanded that the gates should be
shut, and charged that they should not be opened till after the sabbath...“
- Nehemiah 13:19
Setting sun The guards knew to close the city gates
Shadow darkening gates for the day, when the setting sun caused
shadows to start darkening the city gates
The Sabbath (7th day) begins at sunset - and that the next day was about to start.

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 the Week

“...lights in the firmament ...let them be ...for days“

- Genesis 1:14

DETERMINER
The word week literally means sevened. We normally think of a week
of days, but (in proper context) you can have a week (seven count)
of anything. Sometimes in Scripture, a sevened count (week) is used
for years, but generally it is understood as sevened day cycles.
Not only do the celestial lights determine what a Day is,
but by knowing that cycle, we also can see a sevened series
of those events (days) - which we know as a week.

QUALITY CONTROL

“...lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night;
and let them be for ...days ...And God made two great lights;
the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night“
- Genesis 1:14,16

The week is a sevened event. Once you know what event has been
repeated seven times, then you will know what defines a week.

PRECEDENT
The Creation Order:

DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 4 DAY 5 DAY 6 DAY 7

“Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest:
in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest.
- Exodus 34:21
And thou shalt observe the feast of weeks...”

Scripture repeatedly reminds us of the Creation week pattern:

7 days make one week series.

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 the Seasons

“...lights in the firmament ...let them be ...for seasons“

- Genesis 1:14

“While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest,

and cold and heat, and summer and winter,
and day and night shall not cease.” - Genesis 8:22

The Hebrew word for seasons (moed) properly means an appointment

- an appointed, fixed time or season. Notice that this idea of an
appointed time applies to natural seasons and seasonal appointments.
Also notice that the celestial lights determine and mark the time or
timeframe for both. God tells us that there are various appointed times
for seedtime, harvest, summer, winter, etc. These can be marked on a
celestial calendar. It should not surprise us that God’s special appointed
feast times are also meant to line up with certain appointed seasons.

The mark of a correct calendar is if you can arrive at a feast appointed

time - at the same time that the earth’s appointed times occur.

SEASONS: Appointed times

the celestial signs tell
when to observe the
prophetic patterns
and shadows
These are the appointed feast days, shadows,
and patterns, that point to the larger work
that God will be accomplishing
throughout history.
These would include Passover, the Feast
of Unleavened Bread, Firstfruits Offering,
Pentecost, Feast of Trumpets, Day of
Atonement, and Tabernacles.
These are all shadows and representations
of what God did, and will do; but, there are
specific times that need to be rehearsed.
This will be truly known by watching
the celestial signs.

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SEASONS: Appointed agricultural and weather times
There are specific, cyclical periods of the year that are known for their different
agricultural processes, as well as weather seaons. There are variations within
these timeframes, and larger weather cycles (that follow the sun and moon),
but the overall appointed times will not cease.

APPROX. VERNAL
APPROX. BARLEY
WHEAT EQUINOX
HARVEST
SUMMER HARVEST START
SOLSTICE START
LONGEST APPROX.
DAYLIGHT “...seedtime and harvest, LATE
PLANTING
and cold and heat,
and summer and winter,
and day and night
APPROX. GRAPE
HARVEST START shall not cease.”
‘DOG DAYS OF SUMMER’ - Genesis 8:22
WINTER
HOTTEST DAYS OF SUMMER SOLSTICE
(HELIACAL RISING OF SIRIUS
LONGEST
JUST BEFORE SUNRISE)
NIGHT
APPROX. PLANTING
(FOUR MONTHS
AUTUMNAL TO HARVEST)
EQUINOX

“Thou shalt therefore keep this ordinance [the feast

of unleavened bread] in his season from year to year.”
- Exodus 13:10

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 The Appointed Times
These are the specific appointments that God gave to the Hebrew people,
to make them a unique covenant people.
Event & Timing Notes
The Sabbath “Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the
Day 7 of every week sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant. It is a
sign between me and the children of Israel for ever: for in six days the
LORD made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day he rested,
and was refreshed.” - Exodus 31:16-17

New Moon (Rosh Chodesh) Numbers 10:10, 28:11; Psalm 81:3

First visible sighting

Passover (Pesach) Exodus 12:3-14, 23:14-17; Leviticus 23:5;

Month 1, Day 14 Numbers 28:16, Deuteronomy 16:1-2

Feast of Unleavened Bread Exodus 12:15-20, 23:14-17; Leviticus 23:6-14;

Numbers 28:17-25, Deuteronomy 16:3-8
(Hag HaMatzah) Sickle put
Month 1, Day 15-21 Required Don’t be to the corn
attendance empty (barley)
for males handed during this
time (16th)

Shavuot (Pentecost) Leviticus 23:15-21; Numbers 28:26, Deuteronomy 16:9-10

50 days from Month 1, Day 16 Required Don’t be Firstfruits
(when sickle put to the barley) attendance empty of wheat
for males handed

Day of Trumpets (Yom Teruah) Leviticus 23:24-25; Numbers 29:1

Month 7, Day 1

Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) Leviticus 23:27-32; Numbers 29:7

Month 7, Day 10

Tabernacles (Sukkot) / Exodus 23:14-17, Leviticus 23:34-36a,39a,40-43;

Numbers 29:12; Deuteronomy 16:13-16
Feast of Ingathering
Month 7, Day 15-21 Required Don’t be Held after Held at
attendance empty vintage year’s
for males handed gathered end

Eighth Day (Shemini Atzeret) Leviticus 23:26b,39b; Numbers 29:35

Month 7, Day 22

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 The Required Times Check
A correct calendar must have the appointed times at their required times.
Regardless of whether the feast applies to you, these checks still show
if it is being done on time, and whether your calendar is correct.

Feast of Unleavened Bread (Hag HaMatzah)

Was the sickle started to be put to the corn
(barley) during this time (Deut 16:9)?

Were the barley first-fruits physically gathered

in-hand at this time (Exodus 23:15; Deut 16:16)?

Was the feast (with required attendance)

held at this time (Exodus 23:15; Deut 16:16)?

Shavuot (Pentecost) tied to when the sickle was put to the barley
Were the wheat first-fruits physically gathered around
this time (approximately 30 days after the barley first-
fruits were ready? And in hand (Exodus 23:15; Deut 16:16)?
Was the feast (with required attendance)
held at this time (Exodus 23:15; Deut 16:16)?

Tabernacles (Sukkot) / Feast of Ingathering

Is this just after the summer produce and grape
harvest has been brought in (Deut 16:13)?

Was this at the agricultural year’s end - when the

fruit was gathered in from the field (Exodus 23:16)?

Were the summer first-fruits physically

in-hand at this time (Exodus 23:15; Deut 16:16)?
Was the feast (with required attendance)
held at this time (Exodus 23:15; Deut 16:16)?

“Thou shalt not delay to offer the first of thy ripe fruits...”
- Exodus 22:29

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 the Months

“And God said, Let there be lights in the

firmament of the heaven to divide the day
from the night; and let them be for signs,
and for seasons, and for days...“ - Genesis 1:14
“...And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another...“
- Isaiah 66:23

DETERMINER
Just like a week, the word month is also just a term for a continuous
marked series of days (the time between markers). The Hebrew word
month (chodesh) means the new moon, as in to be new, or renewed.

First new light of the determining celestial light: the moon.

The first day of the month is marked when the first sliver of the new
(renewed) moon is sighted (at sunset) thus starting the new, first day.
God created the lights to be the determiners; thus it must be when that
light - the moon - is first shining new again. The visible sighting of the
new moon (after it went totally dark) would mark distinctly when that
lesser light in the firmament was being renewed.
QUALITY CONTROL

Note that the modern term ‘new moon’ is different, and refers to
when the moon is totally dark. The Biblical new moon is when
the celestial light (moon) is chodesh: renewed - starting again.
The first light (of the light in the firmament/moon) is typically sighted
(with the naked eye) when the moon is at 2-3%.
It will be seen in the West, typically about 15-30 minutes after sunset.

Unlike other visible phases of the moon, the first

Renewed Moon sighting of the visible new moon will always take
in the West place at the start of a Biblical day: sunset.
Sunset (new day) Since a month is a series of days between
the celestial events, we should not be surprised
that the renewed marker is at the start - and end -
of a Biblical day.

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 In the Land of Israel

“Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them,

When ye be come into the land which I give unto you,
and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf
of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest...“
- Leviticus 23:10

Certain aspects of the appointed times could only be done when

the Hebrew people were finally located in the land of Israel.
This is important to consider, especially since God gave that
location stipulation. Therefore, all of the quality control checks,
and agricultural checks, must take into account only the land
of Israel. Of special focus is the land near the Temple and within
traveling distance of Jerusalem, where the public firstfruit
offerings were taken and performed (the ‘official’ putting
of the sickle to the corn).

“...at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses,

shall the matter be established.“ - Deuteronomy 19:15

When someone had seen the visible new moon, they would go
and give testimony to the religious authorities, that the renewed
moon had been sighted. Because of the weight of the matter,
and it involving the word of testimony by witnesses, the
Biblical guidelines regarding legal matters is used to establish
the matter: there must be at least two witnesses to the sighting.

“...for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word
of the LORD from Jerusalem.“ - Isaiah 2:3

Jerusalem is considered where decrees and law are issued.

Therefore, eyewitness accounts of renewed moons are generally
sought from the Jerusalem and surrounding areas.

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 the Years

“...lights in the firmament ...let them be for ...years“

- Genesis 1:14

Thinker Question!
If the moon determines the appointed festival times, and the
appointed times must be kept in their corresponding earth season
- but the sun’s circuit marks the earth seasons - which light has
higher authority to declare when the year and first month starts?
A. The Sun B. The Moon

Well, let’s walk through the two great light’s different

roles, to understand how they work together...

The Sun: Earth’s appointed times and cycles

As we learned in The Seasons’ chapter, there are the appointed times for
winter, summer, seedtime, harvest, etc. - their times / seasons will not change.
The spring equinox1 celestially signals the end of winter and the beginning of
spring. Archeology shows ancient man knew how to figure out the equinox with
simple instruments very similar to the sundial. In fact, knowing the time of the
equinox was very important in ancient times, because it was vital to the agricul-
tural growing seasons, sowing and reaping times, etc. - upon which the agrarian
nations depended for survival and economic prosperity.
There are two equinoxes per year - one in the spring (vernal), and one in the
autumn (autumnal). These signal that the 1st new moon month is starting soon,
and also that the 7th new moon month is starting soon.
The sun’s circuit (an astronomical year) will always be 365.242 days. The Hebrew
word for equinox, tekufah (H8622), means revolution (of the sun), course, circuit.
1
Equilux, when daylight and night are equal length, is near the same time as the equinox, but off by a few days, depending
where you are. The equinox is an accurate astronomical position of the sun.
2
Leap months are inserted every now and then (when actually needed), to keep the months and years synced close with the
spring equinox, to keep the harvest cycles and feast times coinciding.

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 Luni-Solar
Because the circuits of the sun and moon are at different
lengths, their combined movements and averages
are used for calibrating the year to the earth seasons.
“...let them be for ...years”

The vernal equinox does not mark the start of the year
- so much as it marks when the sun will be starting its
circuit over again: its scheduled earthly appointments.

The first month (via moon) declaring the appointed times

(for mankind) will use this circuit-restart time
to synchronize the days with the earth’s appointments.
The sun’s appointed times will not change - but the moon’s
cycles do; the one that must be flexible to match up would
be the moon’s schedule: the months; especially the first one.

Since the sun’s appointments will not change, the moon’s

appointments must speed up or slow down, to keep pace
with the sun’s. For this reason, the first new moon sighting closest
to the equinox (before or after) determines the first month of the year.

ANSWER: The Moon has higher authority to declare when the year
and first month starts - since it declares the days (dates)
of the appointed times, not the Sun. The requirement is to line
up with the earth seasons - not the equinox.
“These are the feasts of the LORD, even holy
convocations, which ye shall proclaim
in their seasons.“ - Leviticus 23:4
“He appointed the moon for seasons [appointment]:
the sun knoweth his going down.”
- Psalm 104:19

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QUALITY CONTROL
In Practice: Keep the monthly (moon) appointments in their earthly (sun) seasons
Day 15, Month 1, always falls on - or after - the Vernal Equinox*
First Month Possible? Vernal Equinox

No. Add as Leap Month 13 to Sync Months 1st month

Leap Month added incorrectly; it should have been first month Too late

Day 1 Month 1 Window:

Notice that this averaging of the first month around the vernal equinox keeps the appointments (of the
entire year) within a very certain season window. Every month will always stay within the earthly
seasons that should correspond with the monthly appointed times. In practice, this also keeps the
months from lurching ahead 30 days - out of an earthly season - if leap months need to be added.
*This is not a specific Biblical requirement (by itself), but is a rule-of-thumb that observably appears
to keep the appointed times in their correct seasons. This is also a simple rule-of-thumb for those
who may not have access to the Israel barley, seasonal, or agricultural information.

CASE STUDY SHOWING THE EXPECTED NEW MOON SIGHTINGS

MARCH

2019 Note that those going

with the first moon
sighting after the equinox
2018 will be 1 month late
in both 2018 and 2019.
LEAP MONTH 2017
2016
2015
LEAP MONTH 2014
2013
LEAP MONTH 2012
2011

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PRIMARY PRECEDENT
Scripture gives the roles of the great lights, what they determine
- and the strict quality requirements that certain monthly
appointments must be kept in their earthly seasons.

SECONDARY PRECEDENT

Thousands of years ago, the Hebrew teachers knew how to astronomically

calculate the sun and moon’s cycles, and put the Scriptural requirements
into practical application: the rule-of-thumb of the equinox.
“When you see that, according to your calculations, the season of Tevet, i.e., winter,
will extend to the sixteenth of Nisan, and the spring equinox will occur after the
sixteenth of Nisan, add an extra month to that year, making it a leap year. And do not
worry about finding an additional reason to justify making it a leap year, as it is
written: “Observe the month of spring” (Deuteronomy 16:1). That is to say, see to it
that the spring of the season, i.e., the spring equinox, is in the new part of Nisan,
i.e., the first half, before Passover.”
Rosh Hashanah 21A, Shisha Sedarim

Sadly, today’s rabbis know how to use God’s calendar

- but they still use a manmade system that closely
mimics (sometimes) the celestial clock. Ironically, their
rabbinical calendar does not observe the appointed
times in their seasons. Very often they will be observing
the firstfruits of barley appointed time (omer wave
offering) during the earthly wheat season
- instead of during the barley season.

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 “Thou shalt therefore keep this ordinance [the feast
of unleavened bread] in his season from year to year.”
- Exodus 13:10

• The Hebrews (especially the priests) were required to offer

the barley wave offering on the day after the High Sabbath
(Day 15 Month 1).
• The Shavuot (Pentecost) count was also to start at the
same time that the sickle was put to the barley (starting
the harvest), Deut 16:9; Lev 23:15.
• The barley harvest could not begin until the barley firstfruits
were offered. Not only could they not harvest it, they could
not eat of the new barley until the firstfruits were offered.
• If the priests delayed the Hebrew year - out of season
- they might have seriously delayed the harvest and causes
significant hardship for the people. And they would not have
kept the ordinance in the appropriate season.
• Ancient strains of barley fell to the ground about two weeks
after it ripened. It was in the entire nation’s best interest
to offer the first fruits as soon as possible.

Scripture does not say keep the first new moon sighting
(Day 1 Month 1) in the ‘Spring’ season.
Scripture does not say keep the Passover (Day 14
Month 1) in the ‘Spring’ season.

But Scripture does say keep the Feast of Unleavened bread (Day 15
Month 1) in its season. This is why the rule of the equinox specifies
the 15th be on or after the vernal equinox - but never before.

The priests had to make sure that the calendar appointments met
up with the right earthly season - as the top priority.
Under normal conditions, the barley will be appropriately developed
(in its season) for the firstfruit offering, by the Day 16 Month 1
- when following the rule of the equinox.

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 the 13th Month - Leap Months
• A solar cycle is approximately 365.24 days long.
• A lunar cycle is approximately 29.53 days long.
• Twelve Hebrew months are approximately 354 days long and
therefore approximately 11.24 days shorter than a solar cycle.
• Because of this difference, a leap month (13th month)
is occassionally added to keep the months in pace
with the proper seasons.

• Intercalation is the term in timekeeping for the insertion of a leap

day, week, or month into some calendar years to make the calendar
follow the seasons or moon phases. Lunisolar calendars may require
intercalations of both days and months.
• One example of intercalating, with a month, is when the next new
moon sighting is not witnessed on the expected day; therefore,
an extra day is intercalated (added) to the current month.
Since the moon has set cycles approximately 30 days, a lunar month
cannot be more than 30 days; but it can sometimes be 29 days.
In cases of not sighting the moon - because of the moon cycle
length - only 1 day of delay/adding is permitted.
• The 12th Hebrew month is typically called Adar.
• In practice, when a 13th month is used, the leap month is inserted
before the 12th month, and is called Adar I. The formerly 12th
month is then called Adar II, and the normal commemorations
of the 12th month (such as Purim) are held in that month.

EXAMPLE

There is a strong academic case that it appears Esther was using

the legal loopholes of intercalated months (even though
Babylonian months), to thwart Haman’s plans - since the king
could not change the law. Mordecai’s role as the prime minister
helped play a role in using the legal dates in Haman’s orders.
This is why there appears such a discrepancy between some
of the events in the account of Esther: they are really a month
apart, with the second stage occurring (and reapplying) in an
intercalated month for delay and repeat.

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EXAMPLE

“And Azariah the son of Nathan was over the officers: and Zabud the son of Nathan
was principal officer, and the king's friend: And Ahishar was over the household:
and Adoniram the son of Abda was over the tribute.
And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, which provided victuals for
the king and his household: each man his month in a year made provision.
And these are their names: The son of Hur [1], in mount Ephraim: The son of Dekar [2],
in Makaz, and in Shaalbim, and Bethshemesh, and Elonbethhanan: The son of Hesed [3],
in Aruboth; to him pertained Sochoh, and all the land of Hepher: The son of Abinadab [4],
in all the region of Dor; which had Taphath the daughter of Solomon to wife: Baana the son of
Ahilud [5]; to him pertained Taanach and Megiddo, and all Bethshean, which is by Zartanah
beneath Jezreel, from Bethshean to Abelmeholah, even unto the place that is beyond Jokneam:
The son of Geber [6], in Ramothgilead; to him pertained the towns of Jair the son of Manasseh,
which are in Gilead; to him also pertained the region of Argob, which is in Bashan, threescore
great cities with walls and brasen bars: Ahinadab the son of Iddo [7] had Mahanaim:
Ahimaaz [8] was in Naphtali; he also took Basmath the daughter of Solomon to wife:
Baanah the son of Hushai [9] was in Asher and in Aloth:
Jehoshaphat the son of Paruah [10], in Issachar:
Shimei the son of Elah [11], in Benjamin:
Geber the son of Uri [12] was in the country of Gilead, in the country of Sihon king of the
Amorites, and of Og king of Bashan; and he [13*] was the only officer which was in the land.”
- I Kings 4:5-19

*There is discussion about who is the 13th “he”, as it certainly isn’t Geber,
since his son is also an officer in the same lands; and really the statement
should be able to be made of all the officers in their distinct areas.
Some suggest Azariah (v.5) is the assumed 13th officer over the 12.
The Jewish writers state that “he” is the 13th officer, for the intercalated
month [T. Bab. Sanhedrin, fol. 12. 1.]. The distinction, noted especially for him,
appears that it is made that he can call on the resources of all the land, out
of anywhere, when needed during a 13th month. The majority of the time
there are twelve months, so “he” isn’t regularly needed - but can rally
provision if need be. His job would only need to be done every 24 months
or 36 months (not enough to be counted in with the regular work,
but noted that there was an additional 13th officer in the wings.
Some have also noted a parallel, in the New Testament, of Christ
(from King Solomon’s royal line) choosing twelve ‘officers’
- and then a thirteenth (Saul of Tarsus).

20
 The Important Role of Barley
Barley does not determine the start of the month or year - that is
the role of the moon (the lesser celestial light). God called the first
month Abib (Ex. 13:4; 23:15; 34:18; Deut 16:1), not its first day. But the state
of barley will confirm which moon needs to mark the first month
(with its attached appointed times) - in the proper season, not after it.

“Thou shalt therefore keep this ordinance [the feast

of unleavened bread] in his season from year to year.”
- Exodus 13:10

The feast of unleavened bread contains the barley wave

offering - which marks when the first-fruits of barley
were first collected, and offered to the Lord.

“And if thou offer a meat offering of thy firstfruits unto the LORD, thou shalt
offer for the meat offering of thy firstfruits green ears of corn dried
by the fire, even corn beaten out of full ears.” - Leviticus 2:14

The barley is to be tender (abib/aviv), not fully white to harvest

(but close) - and to the point where it is parchable (dryable by the fire),
and able to be ground into fine flour. As the firstfruits,
it is the very first of the crop to reach this point.

“When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the
harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your
harvest unto the priest: ...And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn,
nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering
unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all
your dwellings.” - Leviticus 23:10,14

Note the timing of the firstfruit offering - and the requirements that narrow
down when it is: the harvest has not started yet, and nobody is allowed to eat
any of the new harvest until the firstfruits have been offered. This also includes
that the harvest cannot start until the firstfruits are harvested
- and offered - on the same day. The prohibition even covers harvesting green
barley for parching. The barley harvest can only be permitted
to start on the same day as the firstfruits are harvested.

21
 “Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: begin to number the seven weeks
from such time as thou beginnest to put the sickle to the corn.” - Deut. 16:9

Note that God also ties this firstfruit harvesting day to the start
of the Shavuot (Pentecost) appointed feast time, as well.

Note that only an omer’s worth (2.9 liters) of aviv parched barley
was required for the wave offering (Lev. 23:9-11), to start the official
Shavuot count and initiate the harvest season. All of the fields
(or even one entire field) did not have to be aviv - just enough
of the first barley that had become aviv.

HARVEST OFFICIALLY STARTS THE DAY

BARLEY FIRSTFRUITS GATHERED & OFFERED
NORMAL HARVEST &
CONSUMPTION PERMITTED

LAST-FRUITS

BARLEY APPROXIMATELY 4 MONTHS FIRST-FRUITS MORE AT ‘WHITE UNTO HARVEST’ 2 SEEDS

PLANTED TO HARVEST(ABLE) AVIV STAGE AVIV STAGE FULLY DEVELOPED WEEKS FALLING
GRASS TO FLOWERING STAGE
HARVESTABLE OVER-RIPE
AVIV STAGE:
KERNAL STILL DEVELOPING
“IN THE EAR” - EXODUS 9:31
ZADOK SCALE: ‘MILK’ - ‘DOUGH’ STAGE
PARCHABLE (AT LEAST 30-40% MOISTURE CONTENT) & ABLE TO BE GROUND INTO FINE FLOUR

FIRST-FRUITS LAST-FRUITS NO-FRUITS

CORRECT WAITED WAITED
TIMING TOO LATE TOO LATE

Starting the first month too late can mean that only last-fruits are collected
- and empty-handed of what you were instructed to bring: the first-fruits.
It can also mean (by adding an extra month when it is not needed) that the
feast of unleavened bread is completely out of the barley season - resulting
in no fruits at all. Completely empty-handed.

22
 Do not be empty-handed
of the required firstfruits!
“Three times thou shalt keep a feast unto me in the year.
Thou shalt keep the feast of unleavened bread: (thou shalt eat unleavened bread
seven days, as I commanded thee, in the time appointed of the month Abib;
for in it thou camest out from Egypt: and none shall appear before me empty:)
And the feast of harvest, the firstfruits of thy labours, which thou hast sown
in the field: and the feast of ingathering, which is in the end of the year,
when thou hast gathered in thy labours out of the field.” - Exodus 23:14-16

“Three times in a year shall all thy males appear before the LORD thy God
in the place which he shall choose; in the feast of unleavened bread,
and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles:
and they shall not appear before the LORD empty.” - Deut. 16:16

Barley does not have to be aviv to start the year - just aviv by the 16th of the 1st Month.
A wrong calendar might see that barley is almost aviv at the beginning of the year, yet
add a leap month, since they are using barley to determine the year. A correct calendaring
will anticipate the barley being aviv by the 16th - and not add an extra month.
In those cases, adding an extra month would jump past the entire aviv season.

First Month Possible?

AVIV AVIV
TOO ALMOST AVIV HARD DOUGH STAGE
GREEN AVIV MILK STAGE SOFT DOUGH STAGE
@10 DAYS @10 DAYS
@10 DAYS

Add Leap Month because barley not aviv? First Month?

No. Too close to aviv season. Missed harvest START Too late. Missed aviv season.

Vernal Equinox

AVIV AVIV APPROX APPROX

2018

Add Leap Month because of vernal equinox? First Month?

No. Too close to season. Missed harvest START Too late. After aviv season.

23
 “And he spake many things unto them in parables, saying,
Behold, a sower went forth to sow;
And when he sowed, some seeds fell by the way side,
and the fowls came and devoured them up:
Some fell upon stony places, where they had not much earth:
and forthwith they sprung up, because they had no deepness of earth:
And when the sun was up, they were scorched;
and because they had no root, they withered away.
And some fell among thorns; and the thorns sprung up, and choked them:
But other fell into good ground, and brought forth fruit,
some an hundredfold, some sixtyfold, some thirtyfold.
Who hath ears to hear, let him hear. ” - Matthew 13:3-9
Jesus used a picture that the people were well familiar with:
where is grain normally grown to bring forth fruit? In good ground.
When looking for aviv barley (that has brought forth fruit), the best
judge of its growth stage would be in good ground - for harvesting.

Harvesting by sickle actually has different requirements than machine-harvesting,

so we must keep this in mind, with what they knew was the start of harvest.
Since barley gets more brittle as it ripens, it is best sickle-harvested when it reaches
a moisture content of 20-30%, to avoid losing the grains from falling out (12-14%
moisture). Also, when using a sickle, they would cut close to the ground, since they
wanted plenty of stalk, to be able to bundle them into sheaves (for drying, to further
reduce the moisture content). The ground had to be good - not stony - or it would
make it really difficult to cut low, and rocks would quickly dull the sickles.

The priests (who officiated the calendar) would keep in mind that most farmers (the
males required in attendance) would be in Jerusalem - away from their fields - for just
over a week. The timing of the firstfruits was critical to making sure
the farmers had time to return home and harvest a crop without losing it.
The priests (and the Levites spread throughout Israel) also knew that Israel has about
7-10 different climate zones. All of this was watched and considered,
when determining if the expected firstfruits would be aviv by Wavesheaf.

FIRSTFRUITS: WAVESHEAF MOST HARVESTING

FIRST OF HARVESTABLE BARLEY CROPS; OFFERING STARTING
MOST OF BARLEY CROPS STILL OFFICIAL START BEFORE CROP LOSS
IN GREEN HEADS TO HARVEST

TRAVELING TRAVELING
TO JERUSALEM FROM JERUSALEM
MOST FARMERS OUT OF TOWN, NOT HARVESTING

24
 The Enoch Calendar?
Many people wonder if the celestial movements described in the book
of Enoch are a true calendar, or one that might have existed in the past.
However, we find that the Bible is the standard for life, and God already
describes His celestial calendar in it. By comparison, one can quickly
find that the Enoch calendar does not match the Biblical
guidelines - overwhelmingly failing to work in the real world.

The Book of Enoch

• This book was not included in the canon of the Hebrew Bible, but it is quoted by,
and referenced by, the Bible - like several other non-canonical, historical books.
These are considered of historical value, but the Bible is the standard for doctrine.
[The Book of Jasher - Joshua 10:13, II Sam 1:18; book of wars - Numbers 21:14; book of the chronicles of the kings - I Kings 14:19+; the book of Gad
and the book of Nathan - I Chron 29:29; book of Shemaiah and book of Iddo (genealogies) - II Chron 12:15; book of Jehu - II Chron 20:34]

Book of Enoch Aramaic fragment
found with the Dead Sea Scrolls
“The displayed fragment describes the
heavenly revolt of the fallen angels, and
their descent to earth to cohabit with the
daughters of men and to reveal secret
knowledge to mankind,
a story hinted at in Gen. 6:1-4.”
[http://www.deadseascrolls.org.il]
• Note that there are several books that go by the title of Book of Enoch.
Only the one referred to as 1 Enoch (or the Ethiopian Book of Enoch) is the true historical one.
• Jesus, Himself, apparently referenced the book of Enoch to the Sadducees, confirming its validity
(Matt 22:30, Enoch 15:6-7) when talking about the angels in heaven. This was an historical book
they would have been familiar with.
• The Book of Enoch goes into great, very minute detail of the heavenly “luminaries”
- including the Sun, Moon, and stars (chapters 72-82).
• However, the Book of Enoch does not have the abundant manuscript existant copy evidence,
nor the reliability that certain parts have not been tampered with over time.
At best, it has historical value - but it is not canon, nor overrides Scripture.

“All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine,

for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness:
that the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works.”
- II Timothy 3:16
The Book of Enoch is barely, barely referenced in Scripture.
When God wants us to know a calendar, and His guidelines,
He repeatedly repeats the instructions He wants us to know
- including guidelines that Enoch’s calendar can’t meet.

One of the greatest flaws of the Enoch calendar is its approximate 50% failure rate
(worse than a rabbinical calendar) in keeping the Feast of Unleavened bread in its
aviv barley season - so the firstfruits of barley can be harvested and offered!
Because the Enoch calendar is a fixed, non-moving calendar, it cannot adjust to the
seasonal growing variations in the barley crops. Heavy rains, drought conditions, hot
southern winds, etc. can all play a role in swinging the aviv barley 1-2 weeks in either
direction. The Enoch calendar cannot move, so it will usually be very late - which in most
cases would mean a catastrophic crop failure for the Hebrew farmers if they followed it!

25
 CASE STUDY ENOCH CALENDAR1 VS. KEEPING IN SEASON (RULE-OF-EQUINOX)
WITH DATE OF WAVESHEAF / FIRSTFRUITS DOCUMENTED AVIV BARLEY OBSERVATIONS & HARVESTING2
MARCH

ENOCH CALENDAR (ALWAYS STARTS DAY AFTER VERNAL EQUINOX) FIRSTFRUITS

2018 2 WEEKS LATER!

Mar. 13: The wild

barley in the Judean
Hills is less mature
as is to be expected
with the elevations
compared to the
Western Negev.

Mar. 14: All kinds of barley in the Western Negev Mar 17: Crowning glory Mar 31, 2018: Barley
should be ready by Wavesheaf. of the Western Negev. harvested near Ruchama,
High ground there and in Negev, Israel
the Coastal Plain always
gets the golden crown first.
Apr 13, 2017, Kibbutz
Ruchama in the Negev, Israel
LEAP MONTH 2017

Feb 23: Jezreel Valley: wild barley still too young. Looks like it will be an intercalated year. Mar 27: Maturity level of acceptable
Feb 24: Northern, Western, and Central Negev. Lots of barley in the "grass looking" stages. barley is exactly what was forecast
All the traditionally early fields are no better off this year. Adding Adar II is a very simple conclusion. back in late Feb.

2016 3 WEEKS LATER!

Mar 7: There has been a severe drought in the north.

Mar 8: Everything seen so far is growth stage 5
approx. Travelled up through the Jordan Valley up to May 3: Extremely dry wheat is
Tiberias. March 9: Judean Foothills, Route 40. Approx. harvested - confirming aviv
50% of the field is in the soft dough stage+ plus. barley cycle was ready just
Domestic Barley located north of Beer Sheva: in the over 30 days prior.
dough stages. Near the Temple Mount: over 50 https://www.haaretz.com/jewis
percent of the wild barley will be aviv within 10 days h/MAGAZINE-ultra-orthodox--
time on its own. Barley on the outskirts of Jerusalem jews-hasten-to-harvest-wheat
and it is in the expected flowering stages. March 24: Same barley field, -1.5378796
Mar 21: Field near the Jordan
Valley Check Point is aviv. the barley field was all at
least aviv to karmel

Due to space, we will just illustrate the extremes in recent seasons,

for comparison value with the Enoch fixed calendar. The corresponding
2015 11 DAYS LATER
barley reports are available at their sources.

LEAP MONTH 2014

2013
2.5 WEEKS LATER!
Mar 11: The south winds are very
strong drying out and forcing the Mar 22: Negev, most were
barley crop to mature quickly. in the milk development
Volunteer barley was also well stage (Zadok’s 7) with some
advanced in some locations, in the 8.5
to 8.9 range. Several whole fields of
volunteer and domestic barley which
in the dough development
stage (Zadok’s 8).
By Wavesheaf Day, there will
50% FAILURE RATE!
will be completely ready for grinding be abundant fields ready to
by Wavesheaf in the Southern Negev. harvest by biblical standards.

LEAP MONTH 2012 1 WEEK+ LATER

1
Some variations may have firstfruits on the 16th day. Cited: Nick VanderLaan’s Google Calendar,
https://calendar.google.com/calendar/embed?ctz=America/Los_Angeles&src=189rmgn8f4q2dtdhdqlgntd674@group.calendar.google.com&pli=1
2
Barley reports and photos condensed from https://www.abibofgod.com/aviv-search. Harvest pictures from http://www.breakingisraelnews.com articles.

26
 First-Fruits are First
If your calendar is not synchronized and focused on the agricultural
cycles - like God requires - then you will miss the greatest pictures
of why Scripture uses firstfruits as a likeness for believers in Christ.
You will also not fully see the prophetic patterns that specifically
relate to the appointed time shadows - pictures that God
designed the appointed times to focus on...

Feast of Unleavened Bread

Firstfruits of Barley

Shavuot (Pentecost)
Firstfruit of Wheat (Exodus 34:22)

Tabernacles (Sukkot)
Feast of Ingathering (Exodus 23:16; 34:22)

27
 Further Resources
These are some various sources for additional information, related articles,
or up-to-date Israeli agricultural and celestial information.
These links are suggested for academic purposes only.

CALENDAR SITES
• Torah Calendar, http://www.torahcalendar.com
Uses the rule of the equinox.
It is the easiest to read and navigate, as well as having in-depth articles
about the Biblical requirements that help us understand and verify
God’s clock, and how it pertains to the real world. My main caveat
with them, though, is that they do not record the witnessed new moon
sightings - just when they 'should have been seen' (expected sighting).
It should be combined with eyewitness accounts.
• Torah Times, http://www.torahtimes.com
Uses the rule of the equinox.
Much harder to read and navigate, especially the calendar.
Has in-depth articles regarding Biblical calendaring.

NEW MOON SIGHTINGS

• Renewed Moon, http://www.renewedmoon.com
• When is the New Moon, http://whenisthenewmoon.com
• Facebook: Biblical Calendar Forum: Aviv Barley and New
Moon Reports from Israel

ASTRONOMY
• Stellarium, http://stellarium.org/
“Stellarium is a free open source planetarium for your computer.
It shows a realistic sky in 3D, just like what you see with the naked eye,
binoculars or a telescope.”
• The Sky Live, https://theskylive.com/

AGRICULTURAL REPORTS
• Abib of God/Elohim, https://www.abibofgod.com
“...we travel to Israel just prior to the end of the biblical 12th month
(lunar) to inspect the development of the volunteer (wild or self seeding)
barley crops growing there. The state of maturity of the barley crop will
determine whether a new year is to begin or if a 13th lunar month will be
added to allow the crop to mature so the 7 week harvest to Pentecost can
begin on the first Sunday during the days of Unleavened Bread.”

28
 Frequently-Asked-Questions
What about end times weather changing,
causing changes in seasons & growth of crops?
"While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat, and
summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease." - Genesis 8:22
Weather and seasons are not necessarily the same thing. You can
have strong storms, dry spells, wet spells, wildfires, cyclical season
variations, etc. - but the overall season does not change much, just a
few weeks. The crops are planted at the same regular time, and the
wet/dry weather conditions just add in a little variation to the
ripening/drying. Catastrophic events (in certain regions) would just
cause a complete crop fail/rot. Variations - due to wet/dry
springtimes add in some variation, but still keep it in the consistent
season. The variations would not result in over a month variation.
Closely-related follow-up crops (such as wheat) also confirm the
season synchronicity.

How will the changes to the crop growth (earlier or later planting
and harvest times) effect these calender dates?
"While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat, and
summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease." - Genesis 8:22.
Because of Israel’s arid climate, and lack of rain during the summer,
there are very specific planting times for various crops, especially
the grains. The planting has to be done in the right seedtime season,
or the crop won’t be developed enough by the time the spring rains
stop - meaning the crop will die. The grains will sprout according to
when the earth warms up in the spring, so the growing cycles will be
fairly consistent. Variations - due to wet/dry springtimes add in some
fluctuation to the harvesting time, but still keep it in the consistent
season. Wild barley also grows rather prolific in Israel, being
self-seeding, so one can also observe the natural cycle. The barley
in the Jordan Valley ripens sooner than other places in the country,
with it generally ripening first in Judea. Only one small field of ready
barley is all that is required for the barley firstfruits wave offering.
Generally, the locals would have a very good idea of which place
ripens earliest.

29
 Doesn’t the moon sighting for the first month have to be after
the Vernal Equinox for it to be a Spring Feast? Does the 7th month
have to be after the Fall Equinox for it to be a Fall Feast month?
The terms “Spring Feasts” and “Fall Feasts” are just man-made nicknames to
conveniently refer to the group of appointed times that occur in the general
springtime, and for those that generally occur right around the end of summer.
Because of these nicknames (not found in the Bible, or referred to), people often
look for requirements that fit those nicknames. However, once we look at
Scripture, and see what God wants us to line the months up with (the seasons),
we can then easily ignore the made-up ‘requirements’ for made-up nicknames.
It’s also interesting that, in the real world, those requirments don’t even work.
With the moon’s metonic cycle, even 19 years approximately, there will be a year
where 7 new moons sightings are possible, after the Vernal equinox - but with the
7th one (which would be for a 7th month usually) before the Fall equinox!
In other words, every 19 years, you can have a year where you can’t even have the
7th lunar month past the Fall equinox!
When we go with God’s requirements - to line up with the seasons, and ignore
man-made names and requirements, we will more fully see the firstfruit patterns
and shadows that God intended.

Example of how man’s nicknames and requirements don’t even work:

VERNAL EQUINOX: March 20, 22h:46m UT

1st New moon visible
March 21, 16:30 UT @ 2.2%
2nd New moon Apr 19
3rd New moon May 19
2015 4th New moon June 18
5th New moon July 17
6th New moon August 16
7th New moon visible
Sept 15, 16:20 UT @ 4.9%
AUTUMNAL EQUINOX: September 23, 08h:21m UT

30
 2018 calendar - month 1
1st Day 2nd Day 3rd Day 4th Day 5th Day 6th Day 7th Day
Saturday sunset Sunday sunset Monday sunset Tuesday sunset to Wednesday sunset Thursday sunset Friday sunset to
to Sunday sunset to Monday sunset to Tuesday sunset Wednesday sunset to Thursday sunset to Friday sunset Saturday sunset

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

Mar. 13 report: Mar. 14 report:

The wild barley in the All kinds of barley in
Judean Hills is less the Western Negev
mature as is to be should be ready by
expected with the Wavesheaf.1
elevations compared
to the Western Negev.1

MAR
The new moon MONTH 1
was not reliably
sighted in Israel on
Mar 18th. By default,
one extra day is added SPRING
to the month. Mar 19 EQUINOX
will be Month 1. MAR 20 6:15 PM IST
Mar 17: Crowning glory of the Western Negev. High ground there and in the Coastal Plain always gets the golden crown first.1

PASSOVER
LAMB CHOSEN

TRIUMPHAL ENTRY

FEAST OF WAVESHEAF
PASSOVER UNLEAVENED BREAD BARLEY
FIRSTFRUITS
Barley harvested near Ruchama, Negev (Southern Israel), March 31, 20182 BARLEY READY

Expected new
moon sighting

1 https://www.abibofgod.com/aviv-search
2 This group used a different calendar; but it also demonstrates the state of the barley
https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/105280/barley-harvested-in-preparation-for-third-temple-wave-offering-photo-video-spread/#IowmpGIyq1fKbU3t.97

31
 2018 calendar - month 7

1st Day 2nd Day 3rd Day 4th Day 5th Day 6th Day 7th Day
Saturday sunset Sunday sunset Monday sunset Tuesday sunset to Wednesday sunset Thursday sunset Friday sunset to
to Sunday sunset to Monday sunset to Tuesday sunset Wednesday sunset to Thursday sunset to Friday sunset Saturday sunset

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

The new moon MONTH 7, TISHRI

was not reliably
sighted in Israel on
Sept 10th. By default, FEAST OF
one extra day is added TRUMPETS
to the month. Sept 11
will be Tishri 1.

ETHANIM (I KINGS 8:2) “PERMANENT FLOWING STREAMS”

LIBRA (ALTAR)

DAY OF
ATONEMENT
(Yom Kippur)

ASSEMBLY
FEAST OF
INGATHERING
(TABERNACLES)

HOSHANA 8TH DAY

RABBAH SHEMINI ATZERET
LEV 23:36,39;
NUM 29:35-38
ASSEMBLY SIMCHAT
TORAH

“...If any man thirst, let him

come unto me, and drink.”
- JOHN 7:37

Expected new
moon sighting

32