M.E.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
BAKROL, VADODARA

Advance Power System Protection and Switch Gear (2710707)

EXPERIMENT: DATE:
AIM: PERFORM PARALLEL FEEDER PROTECTION SCHEME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
After performing this experiment, one should able to :
 Know the Parallel feeder protection operation

APPARATUS:
Parallel feeder panel

RATIONALE:
Theoretical Background: In power systems, power is also fed by parallel feeders. A
simplified single-line diagram of parallel feeder network (without transformers) is
shown in fig. 1. Referring to the fig. 1 let the fault occur at F1. There are two paths
for the fault current. (I) AF1 and (II) DCBF1

Fig.1 Parallel feeder Network

It is required that for fault at F1, CB 1 and 2 should trip. Similarly CB 3, 4 should
trip for fault at F2. In this scheme if we use all overcurrent relays, the following
problem arises: If fault occurs at F1, R3 should operate and R4 should give back-up
to relay R3. This means, time of operation of R4 should be more than that of R3,

Prepared By: B.R.Prajapati

 current being same. Letthe settings be done according to this criterion. Now, for the
fault at F2, it is required that relay R4 operate and relay R3 operates to provide
backup. This fact requires that relay R3 should operate later than R4. But the relay
settings are not satisfying this condition. Hence by using simple IDMT o/c relays it
is impossible to fulfill both the criteria. To solve this problem we have to introduce
an additional directional feature in the relays R3 and R4. These relays will operate
only if the fault current is flowing away from the bus. Relays R1 and R2 are kept as
non-directional IDMT o/c relays. Now, for the fault at F2 since the current through
R3 is in the non-operative direction, the relay doest not operate. Relay R4 operates
as the directional criterion is satisfied. Hence for fault at F2, R2 and R4 operate and
if R4 fails to operate R1 provides the backup. Relays operate on similar lines for
fault at F1. Laboratory Simulations: Referring fig. 2, a model for parellel feeders
fed from one end is self explanatory. This is a single-phase version of the parallel
feeders. One feeder is simulated by two 9 , 12 A rheostats in series. Load is
simulated using a 185 , 1.1 A rheostat. Faults are simulated using switches S1 and
S2 and a limiting resistance of 9 , 12 A is used to limit the fault current. The control
circuit is similar to that in the radial feeder simulation (Refer to fig. 3, 4 and 5)
except for the additional PT to feed directional overcurrent relay. Remote backup
can be seen by closing a CT secondary shorting switch at the rear of the panel (thus,
making the corresponding relay non-operational). Observations & Calculations :
Calculate the Plug Setting P.S (or Tap Value T.V.) and T.M.S. of relays
theoretically such that if one line trips the other healthy line should be able to feed
the full power till the load is shed. Remember relay R1 should provide backup to R4
and R2 to R3. Select some arbitrary T.M.S. for R3 and R4 and find the T.M.S. of
R1 and R2 by keeping proper discrimination time arrival. Tabulate the settings as
follows:

Sr.No Relay PSM TMS

PROCEDURE:
1) Do the connections as per circuit diagram
2) Set the relays according to your calculations
3) 3 Create the faults and observe whether relays are operating in desired manner
4) Observe the backup protection using C.T. shorting switch at rear of the panel.

Prepared By: B.R.Prajapati

CONCLUSION:

fig.2 power circuit of parallel feeder

Prepared By: B.R.Prajapati